ME6502 Heat and Mass Transfer

Unit-I

1. Consider a 1.2 m high and 2 m wide double-pane window consisting of two 3 mm thick
layers of glass (k= 0.78 W/mK) separated by a 12 mm wide stagnant air space ( k= 0.026
W/mk). Determine the steady rate of heat transfer through this double-pane window and the
temperature of its inner surface when the room is maintained at 24°C while the temperature
of the outdoors is -5°C. Take the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer
surfaces of the window to be 10 W/m2K and 25 W/m2K respectively. (8 marks, ND2015)
Cengal, HMT.
2. Derive the general 3-doimensional heat conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates. (8
marks, ND2015)
3. A cylinder 1 m long and 5 cm in diameter is placed in an atmosphere at 45°C. It is provided
with 10 longitudinal straight fins of material having k = 120 W/mK. The height of 0.76 mm
thick fins is 1.27 cm from the cylinder surface. The heat transfer coefficient between the
cylinder and the atmospheric air is 17 W/m2K. Calculate the rate of heat transfer and the
temperature at the end of the fins is the surface temperature of cylinder is 150°C. (16 marks,
ND 2015). G S Sawhney, HMT (Gate)
4. Write short notes on Heat transfer with extended surfaces. (3 marks, MJ 2016)
5. Write short notes on critical radius of insulation. (3 marks, MJ 2016)
6. A flat furnace wall is constructed of 114 mm layer of sil-o-gel brick with a thermal
conductivity of 0.138 W/m°C backed by a 229 mm layer of common brick of conductivity
1.38 W/m°C. The temperature of inner face of the wall is 760°C and that of the outer face is
76.6°C. (a) What is the heat loss through composite wall? (b) What is the temperature of the
interface between refractory brick and common brick? (10 marks, MJ 2016)
7. A plane wall 10 cm thick generates heat at the rate of 4 × 104 W/ m3, when electric current is
passed through it. The conductive heat transfer coefficient between each phase of wall and
ambient air is 50 W/m2°C. The thermal conductivity of wall is 15 W/m°C. (a) Derive the
temperature profile for given slab, (b) Determine the surface temperature, (c) the maximum
temperature in the wall. (10 marks, MJ 2016) Principles of Heat Transfer By Frank Kreith,
Raj M. Manglik, Cengage Learning.
8. What is the significance of Heisler charts in transient heat conduction? (6 marks, MJ 2016)
9. A body of an electric motor is 360 mm in diameter and 240 mm long. It dissipates 360 W of
heat and its surface temperature should not exceed 55°C. Longitudinal fins of 15 mm
thickness and 40 mm height are proposed. The heat transfer coefficient is 40 W/m2K when
the ambient temperature 30°C. Determine the number of fins required, if k of the fin material
is 40 W/mK. (10 marks, ND 2016) PK NAG
10.Derive an expression for critical radius of insulation for a cylindrical system. (6 marks, ND
2016)
11.Determine the minimum depth at which one must place a water main below the soil surface
to avoid freezing. The soil is initially at a uniform temperature of 20°C. In severe winter
condition it is subjected to a temperature of -15°C for a period of 60 days. Use the following
 properties of the soil: ρ = 2050 kg/m3, C = 1840 J/kg K and k = 0.52 W/mK. (8 marks, ND
2016)
12.A steel pipe with 50 mm OD is covered with two layers of insulation. The inner layer is 7.5
mm thick and has a k = 0.3 W/mK and the top layer is 20 mm thick and k = 0.12 W/mK. The
pipe wall is 315°C and the outside air temperature is 25°C. Determine the surface
temperature and heat loss per meter length for 10 minutes. Take the convective heat transfer
coefficient between air and the surface as 16 W/m2K. (8 marks, ND 2016)
13.Steam at 320°C flows in a cast iron pipe (k= 80W/mK) whose inner and outer diameters are
D1 = 5 cm and D2 = 5.5 cm, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wood
insulation with k = 0.05 W/mK. Heat is lost to the surroundings at 5°C by natural convection
and radiation, with a combined heat transfer coefficient of h2 = 18 W/m2K. Taking the heat
transfer coefficient inside the pipe to be h1 = 60 W/m2K, determine the rate of heat loss from
the steam per unit length of the pipe. Also determine the temperature drops across the pipe
shell and the insulation. (10 marks, MJ 2017) Fundamentals of heat and transfer – CP
Kothandaraman
14.Write short notes on types of extended surfaces or fins. (6 marks, MJ 2017)
15.Circumferential aluminium fins (k=200 W/mK) of rectangular profile (1.5 cm wide x 1 cm
thick) are fitted onto a 2.5 cm diameter tube. The fin base temperature is 170°C and the
ambient air temperature is 25°C. Estimate the heat loss per fin. The heat transfer coefficient
‘h’ may be taken as 130 W/m2K. (8 marks, MJ 2017)
16.The ground at a particular location is covered with snow pack at -10°C for a continuous
period of three months, and the average soil properties at that location are k = 0.4 W/mK and
α = 0.15 × 10-6 m2/s. Assuming an initial uniform temperature of 15°C for the ground,
determine the minimum burial depth to prevent the water pipes from freezing. (8 marks, MJ
2017)
17.The rate of heat generation in a slab of thickness 160 mm with thermal conductivity of 180
W/m°C is 1.2 ×106 W/m3. If the temperature of each of the surface of solid is 120°C.
Determine (i) the temperature at the mid and quarter planes and (ii) the heat flow rate and
temperature gradient at the mid-plane. (13 marks, ND 2017)
18.A fin 5 mm thick and 45 mm long has its base on a plane plate which is maintained at 125°C.
The ambient temperature is 25°C. The conductivity of fin material is 55 W/m°C and the heat
transfer coefficient is 145 W/m2°C. Determine: (i) temperature at the end of the fin, (ii)
temperature at the middle of the fin; (iii) heat dissipated by the fin per metre width. (13
marks, ND 2017)
19.The interior of a refrigerator having inside dimensions of 0.5 m x 0.5 m base area and 1 m
height is to be maintained at 6°C. The walls of the refrigerator are constructed of two mild
steel sheet 3 mm thick (k=46.5 W/m°C) with 50 mm of glass wool insulation (k=0.046
W/m°C) between them. If the average heat transfer coefficients at the outer and inner
surfaces are 11.6 W/m2°C and 14.5 W/m2°C respectively. Calculate (i) the rate at which heat
must be removed from the interior to maintain the specified temperature in the kitchen at
25°C, (ii) the temperature on the outer surface of the metal sheet. (15 marks, ND 2017 Part-
C) Text book of Engg thermodynamics – RK Rajput
 Unit-II

1. A long 10 cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 110°C passes
through some open area that is not protected against the winds. Determine the rate of heat
loss from the pipe per unit length when the air is at 1 atm and 10°C and the wind is
blowing across the pipe at a velocity of 8 m/s. (8 marks, ND 2015) Cengal, HMT
2. An air stream at 0°C is flowing along a heated plate at 90°C at a speed of 75 m/s. The plate
is 45 cm long and 60 cm wide. Calculate the average values of friction coefficient for the
full length of the plate. Also calculate the rate of energy dissipation from the plate. (8
marks, ND 2015) M.M.Rathore, R.Kapuno, Engineering Heat Transfer
3. Explain the concept of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers. (6 marks, ND 2015)
4. A 6 m long section of an 8 cm diameter horizontal hot water pipe passes through a large
room whose temperature is 20°C. If the outer surface temperature and emissivity of the
pipe are 70°C and 0.8 respectively, determine the rate of heat loss from the pipe by (1)
natural convection; and (2) radiation. (10 marks, ND 2015) Cengal, HMT
5. Explain about three-layer model for internal convection in turbular flow. (8 marks, MJ
2016)
6. A fluid of kinematic viscosity equal to 15 × 10 -6 m2/s flows with an average velocity of 10
m/s in a square duct of 0.08 x 0.08 m cross section. What is the Reynolds number based on
the hydraulic diameter? Is the flow laminar or turbulent? What is the Nusselt number if the
flow is fully developed and the Prandtl Number is 0.7. (8 marks, MJ 2016) Heat Transfer –
Sp Venkateshan Ane Book pvt ltd
7. Explain about thermal boundary layer flow past a flat plate. (6marks, MJ 2016)
8. Consider flow of air at atmospheric pressure and 300 K parallel to a flat plate 2 m long.
The velocity of air far away from the plate is 10 m/sec. The plate surface is held at a
constant temperature of 400 K. Determine the heat transfer coefficient at the trailing edge
of the plate using the Colburn analogy? Data: Properties at film temperature are: Density
0.995 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 20.92 x 10-6 m2/s, thermal conductivity 0.03 W m-1 K-1,
Prandtl number 0.7. (10 marks, MJ 2016) Heat Transfer – Sp Venkateshan Ane Book pvt
ltd
9. Air at a pressure of 8 kN/m2 and a temperature of 250°C flows over a flat plate 0.3 m wide
and 1 m long at a velocity of 8 m/s. If the plate is to be maintained at a temperature of
78°C estimate the rate of heat to be removed continuously from the plate. (8 marks, ND
2016)
10.A heated sphere having a diameter of 30 mm is maintained at a temperature of 90°C and is
placed in water stream at 20°C. The water flow velocity is 3.5 m/s. Calculate the heat loss
from the sphere. (8 marks, ND 2016) Heat Transfer Jack Philip Holman
11.Determine the average heat transfer coefficient over the entire length from a vertical plate
of height 2 m to the surrounding air, if it is known that the surface temperature of the plate
is 105°C. Assume the ambient temperature is 15°C. (8 marks, ND 2016)
12.A 10 mm diameter spherical steel ball at 260°C is immersed in air at 90°C. Estimate the
rate of convective heat loss. (8 marks, ND 2016)
13.Air flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 10 m/s. Air and surface temperature of the plate
are 20°C and 580°C respectively. Calculate the amount of heat transferred per metre width
from both sides of the plate over a distance of 40 cm from the leading edge. (8 marks, MJ
2017) Fundamentals of Heat and mass transfer - B. K. VENKANNA
14.Engine Oil flows through a 50 mm diameter tube at an average temperature of 147°C. The
flow velocity is 80 cm/s. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient if the tube wall is
maintained at a temperature of 200°C and it is 2 m long. (8 marks, MJ 2017)
15.Consider a 0.6m x 0.6 m thin square plate in a room at 30°C. One side of the plate is
maintained at a temperature of 90°C, while the other side is insulated. Determine the rate
of heat transfer from the plate by natural convection if the plate is (i) vertical, (ii)
horizontal with hot surface facing up, and (iii) horizontal with hot surface facing down. (16
marks, MJ 2017)

16.Air at atmospheric pressure and 200°C flows over a plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. The
plate is 15 mm wide and is maintained at temperature of 120°C. Calculate the thickness of
hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers and the local heat transfer coefficient at a
distance of 0.5 m from the leading edge. Assume that flow is on one side of the plate. Take
ρ = 0.815 kg/m3, μ = 24.5 ×10-6 Ns/m2, Pr = 0.7, k = 0.0364 W/mK. (13 marks, ND 2017)
Heat and mass transfer - Sawhney
17.A vertical cylinder 1.5 m high and 180 mm in diameter is maintained at 100°C in an
atmosphere environment of 20°C. Calculate the heat loss by free convection from the
surface of the cylinder. Assume properties of air at mean temperature as ρ = 1.06 kg/m3, υ
= 18.97 × 10-6 m2/s, Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg °C, and k = 0.1042 kJ/mh°C. (13 marks, ND 2017)

Unit- III

1. Water is boiled at atmospheric pressure by horizontal polished copper heating element of

diameter D = 5 mm and emissivity 0.05 immersed in water. If the surface temperature of
 the heating wire is 350°C, determine the rate of heat transfer from the wire to the water per
unit length of the wire. (16 marks, ND 2015) Cengal, HMT
2. Hot oil (Cp = 2200 J/kg K) is to be cooled by water (Cp = 4180 J/kg K) in a 2-shell-pass
and 12-tube-pass heat exchanger. The tubes are thin walled and are made of copper with a
diameter of 1.8 cm. The length of each tube pass in the heat exchanger is 3 m, and the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 340 W/m2K. Water flows through the tubes at a total rate
of 0.1 kg/s, and the oil through the shell at a rate of 0.2 kg/s. The water and the oil enter at
temperatures 18°C and 160°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat
exchanger and the outlet temperatures of the water and the oil. (16 marks, ND 2015)
Cengal, HMT
3. Hot water enters a counter flow heat exchanger at 95°C. This hot water is used to heat a
cool stream of water from 8 to 40°C. The flow rate of the cool water is 1.2 kg/s, and that of
the hot water is 2.7 kg/s. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is 850 W/m2°C. What is the
area of the heat exchanger and its effectiveness? (10 marks, MJ 2016)
4. Name and brief the different types of heat exchangers. (6 marks, MJ 2016)
5. A hot stream is cooled from 120°C to 30°C while the cold stream temperature changes
from 20 to 60°C. Find out the LMTD for both counter current and co-current phenomenon.
Justify how counter current is effective than co-current? (6 marks, MJ 2016)
6. What is flow boiling and pool boiling? Describe how heat transfer coefficient varies in
regimes of pool boiling. (10 marks, MJ 2016)
7. Saturated steam at atmospheric pressure condenses on a 2-m-high and 3-m-wide vertical
plate that is maintained at 80°C by circulating cooling water through the other side.
Determine (i) the rate of heat transfer by condensation to the plate and (ii) the rate at which
the condensate drips off the plate at the bottom. (16 marks, ND 216) HMT cengel
8. A counter-flow double-pipe heat exchanger is to heat water from 20°C to 80°C at a rate of
1.2 kg/s. The heating is to be accomplished by geothermal water available at 160°C at a
mass flow rate of 2 kg/s. The inner tube is thin-walled and has a diameter of 1.5 cm. The
overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 640 W/m2K. Using the
effectiveness-NTU method determine the length of the heat exchanger required to achieve
the desired heating. (10 marks, ND 2016) HMT Cengel
9. Classify Heat exchangers. (6 marks, ND 2016)
10.Water is to be boiled at atmospheric pressure in a mechanically polished stainless steel pan
placed on top of a heating unit. The inner surface of the bottom of the pan is maintained at
108°C. If the diameter of the bottom of the pan is 30 cm, determine (i) the rate of heat
transfer to the water and (ii) the rate of evaporation of water. (16 marks, MJ 2017) HMT
Cengel & Fundamentals of Heat and Mass transfer M. Thirumaleshwar
11.A 2-shell passes and 4-tube passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerin from 20°C to
50°C by hot water which enters the thin-walled 2-cm-diamter tubes at 80°C and leaves at
40°C. The total length of the tubes in the heat exchanger is 60 m. The convection heat
transfer coefficient is 25 W/m2K on the glycerin (shell) side and 160 W/m2K on the water
(tube) side. Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger (i) before any fouling
and (ii) after fouling with a fouling factor of 0.0006 m2 K/W occurs on the outer surfaces
of the tubes. (16 marks, MJ 2017) HMT Cengel
12.A vertical plate 3.2 m high maintained at 54°C is exposed to saturated steam at
atmospheric pressure. Calculate the heat transfer rate per unit width. (13 marks, ND 2017)
13.The flow rate of hot and cold water streams running through a parallel flow heat exchanger
are 0.2 kg/s and 0.5 kg/s respectively. The inlet temperatures on the hot and cold sides are
75°C and 20°C respectively. The exit temperature of hot water is 45°C. If the individual
heat transfer coefficients on both the sides are 650 W/m2°C. Calculate the area of heat
exchanger. (13 marks, ND 2017) Thermal Engg – RK Rajput
14.A counter flow heat exchager is to heat air entering at 400°C with a flow rate of 6 kg/s by
the exhaust gas entering at 800°C with a flow rate of 4 kg/s. The overall heat transfer
coefficient is 100 W/m2K and the outlet temperature of the air is 551.5°C. Specific heat at
constant pressure for both air and exhaust gas can be taken as 1100 J/kg K. Calculate the
heat transfer area needed and number of transfer units. (15 marks, ND 2017 Part-C) HMT
– PK NAG

Unit-IV
1. Two very large parallel plates are maintained at uniform temperatures of T1 = 1000 K and
T2 = 800 K and have emissivities of ɛ1 = ɛ2 = 0.2, respectively. It is desired to reduce the
net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two plates to one-fifth by placing thin
aluminium sheets with an emissivity of 0.15 on both sides between the plates. Determine
the number of sheets that need to be inserted. (10 marks, ND 2015) Cengal, HMT
2. Define the following terms: (1) Monochromatic emissivity; (2) Gray Body; (3) Shape
Factor. (6 marks, ND 2015)
3. The spectral emissivity function of an opaque surface at 1000 K is approximated as: ɛ λ1 =
0.4, 0 ≤ λ < 2 μm; ɛ λ2 = 0.7, 2 μm ≤ λ < 6 μm; ɛ λ3 = 0.3, 6 μm ≤ λ < ∞; Determine the
average emissivity of the surface and the rate of radiation emission from the surface, in
W/m2. (8 marks, ND 2015) Cengal, HMT
4. Emissivities of two large parallel plates maintained at 800°C and 300°C are 0.3 and 0.5
respectively. Find the net radiant heat exchange per square meter for these plates? (8
marks, ND 2015) Nag, HMT / M. Thirumaleshwar, Fundamentals of heat and mass
transfer
5. Determine an expression for heat transfer rate by using electrical analogy (i) without nay
shield between 2 parallel plates (ii) with shield in between 2 parallel plates. (16 marks, MJ
2016)
6. What is view factor and shape factor? (5 marks, MJ 2016)
7. State laws of black body radiation? (5marks, MJ 2016)
8. Two large parallel plates are at temperatures T1 = 500 K and T2 = 300 K. Their emissivities
are ɛ1 = 0.85 and ɛ2 = 0.90. What is the radiant flux between the plates? (6 marks, MJ
2016)
9. Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) image sensors, that are common in modern digital
cameras, respond differently to light sources with different spectral distributions. The
 incandescent light may be approximated as a black body at the effective surfcae
tempertaures of 2800 K. Determine the fraction of radiation emitted within the visible
spectrum wavelengths, from 0.40 μm (violet) to 0.76 μm (red), for the incandescent
lighting source. (8 marks, ND 2016)
10.A thin aluminium sheet with an emissivity of 0.1 on both sides is placed between two very
large parallel plates that are maintained at uniform temperatures T1 = 800 K and T2 = 500
K and have emissivities ɛ1 = 0.2 and ɛ2 = 0.7 respectively. Determine the net rate of
radiation heat transfer between the two plates per unit surface area of the plates and
compare the result to that without the sheild. (8 marks, ND 2016)
11.A cylindrical furnace whose height and diameter are 5 m contains combustion gases at
1200 K and a total pressure of 2 atm. The composition of the combustion gases is
determined by volumetric analysis to be 80 percent N2, 8 percent H2O, 7 percent O2, and 5
percent CO2. Determine the effective emissivity of the combustion gases. (16 marks, ND
2016) HMT Cengel
12.The filament of a round bulb is maintained at a temperature of 2000 K and it is assumed to
be a black body. The transmissibility of the bulb glass is 0.92 in the visible range (0.35 < λ
< 0.75 μm) of the radiation. Calculate the amount of energy transmitted. (8 marks, MJ
2017)
13.The surfaces of a double walled spherical vessel used for storing liquid oxgyen are covered
with a layer of silver having an emissivity of 0.03. The temperature of the outer surface of
the inner wall is -153°C and the temperature of the inner surface of the outer wall is 27°C.
The spheres are 21 cm and 30 cm in diameter, with the space between them evacuated.
Calculate the radiation heat transfer through the walls into the vessel and the rate of
evaporation of liquid oxygen if its rate of vapourization is 220 kJ/kg. (8 marks, MJ 2017)
14.Two parallel plates 2 m x 1 m are spaced 1 m apart. The plates are at a temperature of
727°C and 227°C and their emissivities are 0.3 and 0.5 respectively. The plates are located
in a large room, the walls of which are at 27°C. Determine the rate of heat loss from each
plate and the heat gain by the walls. (16 marks, MJ 2017)
15.Assuming the sun (diameter = 1.4 × 109 m) as a black body having a surface temperature
of 5750 K and at a mean distance of 15 × 1010 m from the earth (diameter = 12.8 × 106 m).
Estimate the following: (i) total energy emitted by the sun, (ii) the emission received per
m2 just outside the atmosphere of earth, (iii) the total energy received by the earth if no
radiation is blocked by the atmosphere of the earth. (13 marks, ND 2017)
16.Calculate the net radiant heat exchange per m2 area for two large parallel plates of
temperatures 427°C and 27°C respectively. ɛ (hot plate) = 0.9 and ɛ (cold plate) = 0.6. If a
polished aluminium shield is placed between them, find the percentage reduction in the
heat transfer if ɛ (shield) = 0.4. (13 marks, ND 2017)

Unit-V
1. A 3-cm-diamter Stefan tube is used to measure the binary diffusion coefficient of water
vapour in air at 20°C at an elevation of 1600 m where the atmospheric pressure is 83.5 kPa.
The tube is partially filled with water, and the distance from the water surface to the open
end of the tube is 40 cm. Dry air is blown over the open end of the tube so that water vapor
rising to the top is removed immediately and the concentration of vapor at the top of the
tube is zero. In 15 days of continuous operation at constant pressure and temperature, the
amount of water that has evaporated is measured to be 1.23 g. Determine the diffusion
coefficient of water vapor in air at 20°C and 83.5 kPa. (10 marks, ND 2015)
2. State some analogies between heat and mass transfer. (6 marks, ND 2015)
3. A thin plastic membrane separates hydrogen from air. The molar concentrations of
hydrogen in the membrane at the inner and outer surfaces are determined to be 0.045 and
0.002 kmol/m3, respectively. The binary diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in plastic at the
operation temperature is 5.3 × 10-10 m2/s. Determine the mass flow rate of hydrogen by
diffusion through the membrane under steady conditions if the thickness of the membrane
is (1) 2 mm and (2) 0.5 mm (8 marks, ND 2015)
4. Dry air at 15°C and 92 kPa flows over a 2 m long wet surface with a free stream velocity
of 4 m/s. Determine the average mass transfer coefficient. (8 marks, ND 2015)
5. Derive an expression for mass flux in steady state molecular diffusion (a) A through non-
diffusing B; (b) Equimolar Counter Diffusion. (8 marks, MJ 2016)
6. NH3 gas (A) diffuses through N2 (B) under steady state condition with non-diffusing N2.
The total pressure is 101.325 kPa and temperature is 298 K. The diffusion thickness is 0.15
m the partial pressure of NH3 at one point is 1.5 × 104 Pa and at the other point is 5 × 103
Pa. The DAB for mixture at 1 atm and 298 K is 2.3 × 10 -5 m2/sec. (a) Calculate flux of NH3
(A through non diffusing B). Calculate flus for equimolal counter diffusion. (8 marks, MJ
2016)
7. Write a note on convective mass transfer coefficients for liquids and gases. (8 marks, MJ
2016)
8. Give a brief description on heat, momentum, and mass transfer analogies. (8 marks, MJ
2016)
9. A narrow cylindrical vessel contains water at the bottom. It is 5 m deep and has 2.5 m
diameter. The water is diffused to dry ambient air over the top of the vessel. The entire
arrangement is maintained at 30°C and 1 atm. The diffusion coefficient is 0.24 × 10 -14 m2/s,
calculate the rate of diffusion of water into the air. (8 marks, ND 2016)
10.O2 gas at 25°C and a pressure of 2 bar is flowing through a rubber pipe of ID 25 mm and
wall thickness 2.5 mm. The diffusivity of O2 through rubber is DAB = 0.21 ×10-9 m2/s and
solubility of O2 in rubber is 3.12 × 10-3 mol/m3 bar. Find the loss of oxygen by diffusion
per meter length of pipe. (8 marks, ND 2016)
11.Air at 20°C and 1 atm pressure flows with a velocity of 2.5 m/s inside a 12 mm diameter
tube. The inside surface of the tube contains a deposit of naphthalene. Determine the
average mass transfer coefficient for the transfer of naphthalene from the pipe surface into
air. Take v= 15.7 × 10-6 m2/s for air and DAB = 0.62 × 10-5 m2/s. (8 marks, ND 2016) Model
Engg Heat Transfer – Rathore
12.An open pan 20 cm in diameter and 8 cm deep contains water at 25°C and is exposed to
dry atmospheric air. If the rate of diffusion of water vapour is 2.37 × 10 -7 kg/s estimate the
diffusion coefficient of water in air. (8 marks, ND 2016) HMT Raveendiran
13.Two large vessels contain uniform mixture of air and sulphur dioxide at 1 atm and 273 K,
but at different concentrations. Vessel 1 contains 80% air and 20% SO 2 by volume or mole
percentage whereas vessel 2 contains 30% air and 70% SO 2 by mole percentage. The
vessels are connected by a 10 cm inner diamter 1.8 m long pipe. Determine the rate of
transfer of air between these two vessels by assuming that a steady state transfer takes
place. The mass diffusivity of air-SO2 mixture at 1 atm and 273 K is 0.122 × 10-4 m2/s. (16
marks, MJ 2017)
14.The water in a 5 m × 15 m outdoor swimming pool is maintained at a temperature of 27°C.
The average temperature and relative humidity are 37°C and 40% respectively. Assuming a
wind speed of 2 m/s in the direction of the long side of the pool, estimate the mass transfer
coefficient for the evaporation of water from the pool surface and the rate of evaporation in
kg/day. (16 marks, MJ 2017)
15.Hydrogen gas is maintained at pressure of 2.4 bar and 1 bar on opposite sides of a plastic
membrane 0.3 mm thick. The binary diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the plastic is 8.6
× 10-8 m2/s and solubility of hydrogen in the membrane is 0.00145 kg mole/m3 bar.
Calculate under uniform temperature conditions of 24°C, the following: (i) Molar
concentration of hydrogen at the opposite faces of membrane, (ii) molar and mass diffusion
flux of hydrogen through the membrane. (13 marks, ND 2017) NPTEL
16.Oxygen is diffusing through stagnant carbon monoxide at 0°C and 760 mm Hg pressure
under steady state conditions. The partial pressure of oxygen at two planes 3.5 mm apart is
90 mm of Hg and 20 mm of Hg respectively. Calculate the rate of diffusion of oxygen in
gm-mole/s through cm2 area. Assume diffusivity of oxygen in carbon monoxide = 0.17
cm2/s and gas constant = 82.06 cm2 atm/gm mole K. (13 marks, ND 2017)