Law 134 Intellectual Property Law

I. Introduction

A. What is an Intellectual Property?

B. History of Intellectual Property Law in the Philippines

1. R.A. No. 165
2. R.A. No. 166
3. R.A. No. 422
4. R.A. No. 623
5. R.A. No. 5434
6. A.O. No. 94
7. P.D. No. 721
8. P.D. No. 1263
9. E.O. No. 133 s. 1987
10. E.O. No. 60 s. 1993
11. D.O. Nos. 5 & 6
12. R.A. No. 8293

C. Importance of Intellectual Property Rights

1. Protection of capability to create and invent
2. Legal protection to encourage invention
3. Promotion of IP to spur economic growth

II. Laws that govern Intellectual Property Rights in the Philippines

A. Constitution
1. Sec. 13 Art 14
2. Sec. 19 Art 12
3. Sec. 6 Art 12

ABS-CBN v. Phil. Multi-media, G.R. No. 175769-70, January 19, 2009

Elidad Kho v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116758, March 19, 2002.

B. Intellectual Property Code

C. Paris Convention

1. Articles 1-3
2. Articles 4 – 4ibis
3. Article 6 and Article 6quinquies
4. Article 10ibis (1)

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 5. Article 10ter
6. Article 12

D. GATT and TRIPS (reciprocity, what are the rights duties

responsibilities of member countries)

1. TRIPS Part 1 Article 1-8

E. WIPO

F. Madrid Protocol

1. Article 1-5 (what does it actually achieve)

G. Berne Convention on Copyrights (how does it actually provide

protection beyond the Philippines)

1. Article 1 – Article 6bis

H. PCT – Patent Cooperation Treaty

1. Preamble

2. Article 2-3

III. Definition, Element (What is it? Why is it being protected?)

A. Patent

B. Trademark

C. Copyright

D. Trade Secrets

IV. Differentiate Patent, Trademark and Copyright

V. How does it arise? How do you know when you have something
protectable

A. Trademark – function of adoption and use

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 1. Unregistrable Marks - Acquisition of secondary meaning
2. Loss of distinctiveness - genericism, dilution
3. First to File - Prior adoption and use
B. Patent – function of invention and technology

1. Invention – novelty, inventive step, obviousness and anticipation

2. Design Patent – purely ornamental and functionality
3. Utility Model – Improvement of Prior Art or Design
C. Copyright – function of expression and creation

D. Trade Secrets – function of know-how and secrecy

VI. How do you go about protecting your IP

A. Trademark

1. Elements of Registrability and grounds for denial

2. Trademark Searches

3. Registrability Assessment

a. Priority Date
b. Similar Marks
c. Degree of Similarity
d. Relatedness of Goods and Services
e. Channels of Trade
f. Zone of Reasonable Expansion
g. Crowded Field
h. Derivative Marks

4. Term of Protection

5. Renewal of Registration –

6. DTI Registration of Business Names

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a. Term of Protection
b. Renewability
c. Requirement of Use

7. SEC Registration of Corporate Names

a. Effect of Registration
b. Undertaking to Change Name
c. Action to Compel Change of Name

8. Customs Registration of Trademarks

a. Term
b. Renewability
c. Requirement of Use

9. Maintenance of registration

a. 3rd year Declaration of Actual Use & Evidence of Use

b. 5th anniversary of DAU & Evidence of Use
c. Effect of Non-use/Non-filing of DAU & Evidence of Use

10. Cancellation of registration

11. Rights of a registered trademark holder

12. Registration v Non-registration

13. First to file System

14. Prior adoption and use

15. Protection without registration –

a. Unfair Competition

b. Internationally Famous Marks

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c. Infringement Protection of Trade Names without Registration –
Requirement of Use

16. Infringement

17. Confusion

a. Degree of Confusion
b. Tests for Confusion – Dominancy v Holistic test
c. Point sale confusion and Post-sale confusion
d. Initial Interest Confusion
18.Protection despite the absence of confusion – Dilution

19.Trade Dress Infringement (unfair competition)

20.Parallel Importation

21.Protection of Internationally Famous Marks

a. Locally Unregistered Famous Marks – only for related goods

b. Locally Registered Famous Marks – for all goods
i. Is Confusion Necessary for Protection
ii. Is Local Use a Prerequisite

B. Patent

1. Elements of Patentability
 Novelty
 Anticipation
 Obviousness
 Inventive Step
 Commercial Application
2. Prior Arts Search
3. Substantive Examination
4. Divisibility
5. Dependence of Claims

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 6. Term of Protection
7. Renewability
8. Maintenance of Letters Patent
 Annual Fee
9. Cancellation of Letters Patent
10. Infringement of Patent

C. Copyright

1. Definition – defined by enumerating what are copyrightable.

2. Works Entitled to Protection (Section 172 IP Code)

a. Original works (Literary and Artistic) Based on Article 2 Berne

Convention.

 Books, pamphlets, articles and other writings;

 Periodicals and newspapers;
 Lectures, sermons, addresses, dissertations for oral delivery,
whether or not reduced in writing or other material form;
 Letters;
 Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions;
 Choreographic works or entertainment in dumb shows;
 Musical compositions, with or without words;
 Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculture, engraving,
lithography or other works of art;
 Models or designs for works of art;
 Original ornamental designs or models for articles of
manufacture, whether or not registrable as an industrial
design, and other works of applied art;
 Illustrations, maps, plans sketches, charts and three-
dimensional works relative to geography, topography,
architectural or science;
 Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical
character;
 Photographic works including works produced by a process
analogous to photography;
 Lantern slides;

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  Audiovisual works and cinematographic works and works
produced by a process analogous to cinematography or any
process for making audio-visual recordings;
 Pictorial illustrations and advertisements;
 Computer programs; and
 Other literary, scholarly, scientific and artistic works.
3. Registration and Deposit of works
 Not required for enjoyment and exercise of rights;
 Only for completion of records of National Library & Supreme
Court;
4. Derivative Works
a. Refers to translations, adaptations and other alterations of
original works
i. Derived from original works;
ii. Significant additions; and
iii. Without prejudice to the right of the author of the
original work;
b. Protected Derivative Works
 Dramatizations;
 Translations;
 Adaptations;
 Abridgments;
 Arrangements;
 Other alterations

5. Economic Rights
6. Moral Rights
7. Neighboring Rights
8. Fair Use

D. Trade Secrets

Sources:

Laws

1. Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (IPC)

2. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the IPC

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 3. REPUBLIC ACT 9502

4. Trips Agreement

5. Paris Convention

6. Madrid Protocol

7. Berne Convention

8. Patent Cooperation Treaty

9. Act 3883

10. DAO No.10-01 Series 2010

11. DAO No. 10-03 Series 2010

12. DAO No. 10-08 Series 2010

13. PD902A

14. Corporation Code

Jurisprudence

1. Pearl & Dean Inc. v. Shoemart G.R.148222, August 15, 2003

2. Pribhdas J. Mirpuri v. Court of Appeals, G.R. 114508, November 19,

1999.

3. Jessie Ching v. William Salinas, G.R. 161295, June 29, 2005.

4. Hoffman vs. Le Traunik, 209 Federal Reporter 375, 379 (1913).

5. Air Philippines Corporation v. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. 172835, December

13, 2007.

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6. Elidad Kho v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116758, March 19, 2002.

7. Berris Agricultural Co. v. Abyadang, G.R. 183404, October 13, 2010.

8. Manzano v. Court of Appeals G.R. 113388, September 5, 1997

i. Rubber Tire Wheel Co. v. Goodyear Co., 232 U.S. 413 (1914)

9. Gorham V. Company V. White, 81 U. S. 511 (1871)

10. Ching v. Salinas G.R. 161295, June 29, 2005.

i. Feist Pubs., Inc. V. Rural Tel. SVC. Co., INC., 499 U. S. 340
(1991)

11. AMF Incorporated v. Sleekcraft Boats, 599 F. 2d 341 at 348 (9th

Cir 1979).

12. Emerald Garment Manufacturing Corp. v. CA, G.R. 100098,

December 29, 1995.

13. Shangri-la International Hotel Management v. Developers Group of

Companies, INC, G.R. 159938, March 31, 2006.

14. Sehwani, Inc. v. In-N-Out Burger, Inc., G.R. 171053, October 15,
2007

15. Etepha, A.G. v. Director of Patents and Westmont Pharmaceuticals

Inc., G.R. No. L-20635, November 19, 1966.

16. Converse Rubber Corporation v. Universal Rubber Products Inc.,

G.R. No. L-27906, January 18, 1987.

17. McDonald’s Corp. v. L.C. Big Mak Burger, Inc, G.R. No. 143993,
August 18, 2004.

18. Levi Strauss (Phil.), Inc. v. Tony Lim, G.R. No. 162311, December
4, 2008.

19. Ang v. Teodoro, G.R. No. 48226, December 14, 1942.

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20. Asia Brewery, Inc v. Court of Appeals and San Miguel Corporation,
G.R. No. 103543, July 5, 1993.

21. In Re Petition for Registration of Trademark “Freedom” under

Section 4 of Republic Act No. 166 filed in the Philippines Patent Office
bearing Serial No. 38 Co Tiong Sa v. Director of Patents, 95 Phil. 1, 4,
G.R. No. L-5378, May 24, 1954.

22. Fruit of the Loom, Incorporated v. Court of Appeals and General

Garments Corporation, G.R. L-32747, November 29, 1984.

23. Del Monte Corporation and Philippine Packing Corporation v.

Court of Appeals and Sunshine Sauce Manufacturing Industries, G.R.
No. 78325, January 25, 1990.

24. La Chemise Lacoste v. Fernandez, G.R. L-63796-97 May 2, 1984,

G.R. L-65659 May 21, 1984.

25. Grotrian, Helfferich, Shulz, Th. Steinweg Nachf. v. Steinway &

Sons, 523 F.2d 1331 (2d Cir. 1975).

26. Brookfield Communications, Inc. v. West Coast Entertainment

CORPORATION, 174 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 1999).

27. Mobil Oil Corp. v. Pegasus Petroleum Corp., 818 F.2d 254 (2d Cir.
1987).

28. Coffee Partners, Inc. v. San Francisco Coffee & Roastery, G.R.
169504, March 3, 2010.

29. Roma Drug v. RTC Pampanga, G.R. 149907, 16 April 2009

30. Pedro Laktaw Serrano vs. Mamerto Paglinawan, G.R. No. L-

11937, April 1, 1918

31. Philippine Education Company, Inc. vs. Vicente Sotto And V.

R. Alindada, G.R. No. 30774, January 29, 1929.

32. Mauro Malang Santos vs. Mc McCullough Printing

Company, G.R. No. L-19439, October 31, 1964

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33. Filipino Society Of Composers, Authors And
Publishers, Inc. vs. Benjamin Tan, G.R. No. L-36402, March 16,
1987.

34. 20th Century Fox Film Corporation vs. Court Of Appeals,

G.R. Nos. 76649-51 August 19, 1988

35. United Feature Syndicate, Inc. vs. Munsingwear Creation

Manufacturing Company, G.R. No. 76193, November 9, 1989.

36. Columbia Pictures, Inc., Orion Pictures Corp., Paramount

Pictures Corp. vs. Hon. Court Of Appeals, G.R. No. 96597-99, October 6,
1994.

37. Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. vs. Honorable Court

Of Appeals, G.R. No. 111267, September 20, 1996.

38. Columbia Pictures, Inc. vs. Court Of Appeals, G.R. No.

110318, August 28, 1996.

39. Pacita I. Habana vs. Felicidad C. Robles, G.R. No. 131522,

July 19, 1999.

40. Francisco G. Joaquin, Jr. vs. Honorable Franklin

Drilon, G.R. No. 108946, January 28, 1999.

41. Manly Sportwear Manufacturing, Inc. vs. Dadodette

Enterprises, G.R. No. 165306, September 20, 2005.

42. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation vs. Philippine Multi-

Media System, Inc., G.R. No. 175769-70, January 19, 2009.

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