ENGR. GIANCARLO P.

VENTURA
Institute of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
8/27/2016
University of the Philippines Diliman 1 AY 16-17 Sem 1
 STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN AXIALLY
LOADED MEMBERS
Loads transmitted through
rigid plates result in
uniform distribution of
stress and strain.

Concentrated loads result

ES 13 GPVentura

in large stresses in the

vicinity of the load
application point.
 STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN AXIALLY
LOADED MEMBERS
Stress and strain distributions
become uniform at a relatively short
distance from the load application
points.

SAINT-VENANT’S PRINCIPLE:
Stress distribution may be assumed
ES 13 GPVentura

independent of the mode of load

application EXCEPT in the
immediate vicinity of load application
points.
 DEFORMATIONS ARISING FROM AXIAL LOADS
RECALL:
On the elastic region of stress-strain diagram,
Hooke’s Law applies for homogenous material:
σ = Eε
In general,
ES 13 GPVentura

𝑃(𝑥) 𝑑δ
σ= and ε=
𝐴(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 DEFORMATIONS ARISING FROM AXIAL LOADS

P  x d P  x
  E
A x
E
dx  d    A x E
dx

• Total deformation of one point relative to another

point (varying load and area)

L P  x
 
ES 13 GPVentura

dx
0 A x E
 DEFORMATIONS ARISING FROM AXIAL LOADS
General equation:

where:
δ = deformation of one point of a bar
relative to another point
L = original length of the bar
P(x) = internal force at the section,
ES 13 GPVentura

located a distance x from one end

A(x) = cross-sectional area of the bar,
expressed as a function of x
E = modulus of elasticity of the material
 DEFORMATIONS ARISING FROM AXIAL LOADS
Simplified equations:
a. for prismatic members that experience
constant internal force throughout its length
ES 13 GPVentura

b. for members subjected to different (not

varying) external loads or different cross-
sectional area on each segment
 DEFORMATIONS ARISING FROM AXIAL LOADS

SIGN CONVENTION:
Positive
• Tensile force (force)
• Elongation (displacement)
Negative
• Compressive force (force)
ES 13 GPVentura

• Contraction (displacement)
 EXAMPLE 5.1

The A-36 steel rod is subjected to the loading shown. If

the cross-sectional area of the rod is 50mm2. Est = 200
GPa. Determine:
A. the displacement of its end D.
B. the displacement of C
ES 13 GPVentura
 EXAMPLE 5.2

The 4-mm-diameter cable

BC is made of a steel with
E = 200 GPa. Knowing
that the maximum stress
in the cable must not
exceed 190 MPa and that
the elongation of the cable
must not exceed 6 mm,
find the maximum load P
ES 13 GPVentura

that can be applied as

shown.
 EXAMPLE 5.3
Rigid beam AB rests on the two short posts shown in the figure. AC is made
of steel and has a diameter of 20 mm, and BD is made of aluminum and
has a diameter of 40 mm. Determine the displacement of point F on AB if a
vertical load of 90 kN is applied over this point. Take Esteel = 200 GPa and
Ealum = 70 GPa.

FAC FBD
ES 13 GPVentura

Σ 𝑀𝐴 = 0: 𝐹𝐵𝐷 0.6 − 90 0.2 = 0

𝑭𝑩𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵
Σ 𝐹𝑌 = 0: 𝐹𝐵𝐷 + 𝐹𝐴𝐶 − 90 = 0
𝑭𝑨𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵
 EXAMPLE 5.3

𝐹𝐴𝐶 𝐿𝐴𝐶 −60 000 (300)

𝛿𝐴𝐶 = = 𝜋
𝐴𝐴𝐶 𝐸𝐴𝐶 (202 )(200 000)
4
𝜹𝑨𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 ↓

𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝐿𝐵𝐷 −30 000 (300)

𝛿𝐵𝐷 = = 𝜋
𝑭𝑨𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) 𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝐸𝐵𝐷 (402 )(70 000)
4
𝑭𝑩𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) 𝜹𝑩𝑫 = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎 ↓
ES 13 GPVentura
 EXAMPLE 5.3

𝑭𝑨𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)
𝑭𝑩𝑫 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) 400
𝑑𝐹 = 𝛿𝐵𝐷 + (𝛿𝐴𝐶 − 𝛿𝐵𝐷 )
𝜹𝑨𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 ↓ 600
𝜹𝑩𝑫 = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎 ↓
𝒅𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 ↓
ES 13 GPVentura
 PRACTICE PROBLEM
Rigid bar ABCD is supported by
bronze bar BE (E = 100 GPa; A
= 520 mm2) and aluminum bar F
CF (E = 70 GPa; A = 960 mm2). P
All bars are unstressed before 0.8 m
the load was applied.

After the load P was applied, it A B C D

was found out that the force in 0.4 m 1.1 m 0.5 m
bar CF is 25 kN (T). Determine
0.6 m
the following:
ES 13 GPVentura

A. The stresses is bars BE and E

CF
B. The deflection of point A. C. 72.3 kN

C. The load P B.
A.
1.190 mm ▼
σBE = 158.7 MPa (C) ; σCF = 26 MPa (T)
ANSWERS:
 Beer, F.P. et al. (2012) Mechanics of materials. 6th Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill
Hibbeler, R.C. (2011) Mechanics of materials. 8th Ed. Prentice Hall

ENGR. GIANCARLO P. VENTURA

Institute of Civil Engineering gianpventura@gmail.com
College of Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman MH 104-106 / ICE 319