1.

Mining is recommended to increase people’s welfare

Pro:

Mining is a series of activities in the framework of the search, excavation, processing,

utilization and sale of minerals. As we know, there are new paradigm of activities of
industrial mining refers to the concept is sound Mining Environment and Sustainable, which
includes:

 General Survey (prospecting)

 Exploration : preliminary exploration, detailed exploration
 Feasibility study : technical, economic, environmental (including environmental
impact studies)
 Preparation of production (development, construction)
 Mining (Dismantling, Loading, Transportation, Hoarding)
 Reclamation and Environmental Management
 Processing (mineral dressing)
 Purification/extraction metallurgy
 Marketing

Start on January, 12th 2014, the Indonesian government banned the export of raw mineral.
The results of minerals from mines in Indonesia to be processed and pured first before
exported out. This is one of the provisions set forth in Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and
Coal.

There are 2 article that became a spotlight in application of Law No. 4 In 2009, Article 103,
paragraph 1 and Article 170.

Article 103 verse 1: Holders of Production Operation IUP and IUPK are required to process
the results of mining and refining in the country.

Article 170: Holders of the work contract as referred to in Article 169 are already in
production required to conduct purification as referred to in Article 103 paragraph (1) not
later than 5 (five) years since the Act was enacted.

If refer to the section 2 above, briefly Law No. 4 Tahun2009 on Mineral and Coal requires
holders of IUP (Mining Permit) do the processing and refining of domestically mined. This
rule made not later than 5 years since the Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal published.
It is a good effort from the Government of Indonesia to protect the results of Indonesia's
natural wealth and we should guard along. Plus a wealth of natural resources that are so
abundant Indonesia is a gift of God that must be maintained, utilized best - well and wisely -
wisdom. In accordance with Article 33 UUD 1945, paragraph 3 "Earth, water and natural
resources contained there in controlled by the State and used for the prosperity of the people".

The purpose of mining activity is:

1. Supporting and promoting the national capacity in order to better compete in the
national, regional, and international.
 2. And, in order to give guarantee to the utilization of mineral and coal mining in a
sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.
3. On the other hand, mining activity is one of the major contributors to state revenue
and regions.

According to the article and purpose above, we can see that mining activity can increase
people’s welfare in economic case. Mining can add more income for the region, country,
or an individual.

Contra:

As we know, mining is a series of activities in the framework of the search, excavation,

processing, utilization and sale of minerals. In that sentence, it is undeniable that a company
conducting mining would damage the environment, so that the environment can lead to
flooding, landslides, and so on. Besides that, we know there are so many people that just
doing mining activity with no watching to the environment around there and just pay their
attention for the money.

Environment is healthy and good rights of every citizen of Indonesia (1945 Constitution).
According to the article 1, paragraph (2) of Law 32/2009, of environmental protection and
management of living is a systematic and integrated efforts are being made to preserve the
function of the environment and prevent pollution and / or damage to the environment which
includes planning, use, control, maintenance, supervision, and law enforcement.

Maybe the mining activity is one of the major contributors to state revenue and the regions,
which can help for the economical case in this country. But, how about the environment of
this country? The government should make the punishment for the people who still break the
rules of mining to prevent more damage of the environment.

2. Direct election is not effective to choose a good leader

Pro:

System of local elections conducted directly by the head of the region directly by the people,
it is for anyone to have the possibility and potential of being the head of, not only the
candidates of small parties, they are not a political party management can take an
independent path.

However, this system has the disadvantage of financial factors, which cost more and not less.
In addition to the cost of implementation, the political cost that must be incurred by the
candidate is also very large, because they need to prepare a budget for the attribute,
campaigns, and other social activities, often more candidates also pay directly to the voters in
order to win the fight. So this can also lead to high levels of possible corruption by the
candidates who will elect, to reimburse that he had previously been issued. Also during the
campaigne, the candidate make some promises to the society, which when their success,
they’re not 100% make their promises become true.
The shortcomings when we’re doing the direct election:

1. This system has the disadvantage of financial factors, which cost more and not less.
2. This system gives candidates the opportunity to be president of a large party and with
substantial funds.
3. The Assembly no longer authorized to elect a president.
4. The President is not answerable to the Assembly.

Contra:

The word is derived from the Greek δημοκρατία (Demokratia) "people's power", which is
formed from δῆμος (Demos) "people" and κράτος (kratos) "power". As a democracy country,
we know that the society is the important element to decide who will be their leader
according to what their desire to. Because democracy is a form of government that all citizens
have equal rights in making decision that can change their lives. Direct democracy, is an
election which all citizens participate directly and actively in government decision making.
Democracy country is government from society, by society and for society.

The vantage when we’re doing the direct election:

1. The President has the benefit of strong legitimacy.

2. System more accountable.
3. Check and Balance legislative-executive balance.
4. Criteria Presidential candidate can be assessed directly by the voters.