MasteringPhysics ME12001 Thermodynamics Homework T5

ME12001 Thermodynamics T5
Due: 11:59pm on Friday, March 4, 2016
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Understanding pV Diagrams and Calculating Work Done
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation
pV = nRT ,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas

constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant .
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can be sure
that either the volume or the temperature of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as a function of volume: a pV
diagram.
In this problem, you will be asked a series of questions related to different processes shown on a pV diagram . They
will help you become familiar with such diagrams and to
understand what information may be obtained from them.
One important use for pV diagrams is in calculating work. The product pV has the units of
Pa × m = (N/m ) ⋅ m = N ⋅ m = J ; in fact, the absolute value of the work done by the gas (or on the gas)
3 2 3
during any process equals the area under the graph corresponding to that process on the pV diagram. If the gas
increases in volume, it does positive work; if the volume decreases, the gas does negative work (or, in other words,
work is being done on the gas). If the volume does not change, the work done is zero.
The following questions may seem repetitive; however, they will provide practice. Also, the results of these
calculations may be helpful in the final section of the problem.
Part A
Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1→2 .
V 1/23
Express your answer in terms of p0 and V0 .
ANSWER:
W = 6p V0
0
Correct
Part B
ANSWER:
W = −6p0 V0
Correct
Compare your result with that from part A. The work W AB done during a process A→B is equal to
−W BA , the work done during the reverse process B→A .
Part C
ANSWER:
W = 2p0 V0
Correct
Part D
Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1→3→6 .
ANSWER:
W = 4p0 V0
Correct
Part E
V 2/23
ANSWER:
W = 0
Correct
No work is done during a process, if the gas does not experience a change in volume.
The absolute value of the work done by the gas during a cycle (a process in which the gas returns to its original
state) equals the area of the loop corresponding to the cycle. One must be careful, though, in judging whether the
work done by the gas is positive or negative. One way to determine the total work is to calculate directly the work
done by the gas during each step for the cycle and then add the results with their respective signs.
Part F
Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1→2→6→5→1 .
ANSWER:
W = 4p0 V0
Correct
This result can be obtained either by calculating the area of the region 1265 or by adding the amounts of
work done by the gas during each process of the cycle. The latter method helps verify that the net work
done by the gas is, indeed, positive.
As discovered earlier, The work W 15621 done during a process 1→5→6→2→1 is equal to −W 12651 ,
the work done during the reverse process 1→2→6→5→1 .
Part G
Calculate the work W done by the gas during process 1→2→6→3→1 .
ANSWER:
W = 2p V0
0
Correct
Work Done by an Expanding Gas
Learning Goal:
To derive the expression for the work done by an expanding gas, dW = p dV , and to understand how it follows
from the expression W = F d for mechanical work.
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Especially from the historically important perspective of making engines to convert heat energy into work, the work
in thermodynamics is defined as the work done by the system on the exterior world, and not vice versa as is done
in the rest of classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, one always considers the work done on a system by the
outside world. Rarely does one think about the work done by the system. Suppose you push a large block with a
certain force of magnitude F over some distance. You have done work on the block; hence the energy of the block
should increase. According to Newton's 3rd law, the block exerts the same magnitude of force F , but in the
opposite direction (i.e., directed back at you). Hence, the work done by the block (on you) is negative, since the
direction of motion opposes the direction of the force. In summary, you have to be careful about the sign of the
work: the same situation gives opposite signs of the work depending on whether our perspective is classical
mechanics or thermodynamics.
In thermodynamics, one often deals with liquids and gases that exert forces on their containers (i.e., the fluids exert
pressure over an area). If the container changes volume, then this force acts through a distance and hence does
work.
For a steam engine, the example pictured here, the
"container" is a cylinder whose volume changes as the
piston slides in or out. Suppose a gas is confined within
the cylinder. The pressure of the gas is p, and the area of
the cylinder is A. Consider the work done as the gas
expands, pushing the piston to the right. Call the
infinitesimal distance the piston moves dx .
Part A
What force F does the gas exert on the piston? (Note that the positive x axis is to the right in the figure.)
Express the force in terms of p, A, and any constants,
ANSWER:
F = pA
Correct
Note that this force is directed in the positive x direction; the gas would of course tend to expand the
volume, pushing the piston to the right.
Part B
If the piston moves a distance dx , what is dW , the work done by the gas?
Express the work done by the gas in terms of given quantities.
Hint 1. Find the work done by a force acting over a distance
If a constant force F acts on an object, and the object gets displaced a distance x in the direction of
the force, find an expression for the work W done by the force.
F 4/23
Express the work done in terms of F and x.
ANSWER:
W = Fx
ANSWER:
dW = pAdx
Correct
Remember that the force pA is directed in the positive x direction. If dx represents displacement to the
right (as in the figure), then the work done by the gas will be positive. If dx is to the left, the gas will be
compressed and negative work will be done by the gas.
Part C
What is dV , the increase in volume of the gas?
Express the differential increase in terms of dx and other given quantities.
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
The increase in volume of the gas just corresponds to the volume of a cylinder with length dx and
crosssectional area A.
ANSWER:
dV = Adx
Correct
Part D
Now find the work done by the gas in terms of the thermodynamic variables.
Express the differential work dW in terms of thermodynamic variables such as the gas's pressure p,
temperature T , volume V , and its change in volume dV .
ANSWER:
dW = pdV
Correct
Part E
Suppose that the gas expands from V0 to V1 at constant pressure p0 . How much work W is done by the gas?
V
Pri V 5/23
Express the work in terms of p0 , V0 , and V1 .
ANSWER:
W = p (V1 − V0 )
0
Correct
Part F
Is the work you just computed positive or negative?
ANSWER:
positive
negative
Correct
Note how the phrasing of this question relates to both the algebra and the change of the gas's state; the
gas expands, so V1 > V0 , dV > 0 , and the work done by the gas is positive.
Part G
Assume now that the diameter of the piston is reduced by a factor of 2. What is the amount of work W 2D done
by a gas of pressure p0 in expanding from the same initial volume V0 to the same final volume V1 ? Note that
the piston has to start out much farther to the right for the volume to be V0 initially.
Express your answer in terms of p0 , V0 , V1 , and simple numerical factors.
ANSWER:
W 2D = p (V1 − V0 )
0
Correct
This is the beauty of thinking of the gas as a system. Although the area A of the piston is reduced by a
factor of 4 when its diameter is halved, the piston has to move four times as far to achieve the same
change in volume. The details of the mechanical environment don't matterthe work is determined by just
the pressure and volume of the gas.
Be warned: Often the gas changes pressure when it expands (in fact it will unless considerable heat is
V1
added), so p(V ) is a function determined by other circumstances. Then the integral ∫ V p(V ) dv has
0
to be evaluated using calculus and is no longer simply p(V1 − V0 ) .
Exercise 19.4
Work Done by the Lungs. The graph shows a pVdiagram of the air in a human lung when a person is inhaling and
then exhaling a deep breath. Such graphs, obtained in clinical practice, are normally somewhat curved, but we have
modeled one as a set of straight lines of the same general shape. (Important: The pressure shown is the gauge
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pressure, not the absolute pressure.)
Part A
How many joules of net work does this person's lung do during one complete breath?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
W net = 1.00 J
Correct
Part B
The process illustrated here is somewhat different from those we have been studying, because the pressure
change is due to changes in the amount of gas in the lung, not to temperature changes. (Think of your own
breathing. Your lungs do not expand because they've gotten hot.) If the temperature of the air in the lung
remains a reasonable 20 ∘ C , what is the maximum number of moles in this person's lung during a breath?
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
n max = 5.9×10−2 mol
Correct
Work Integral in the pV Plane
The diagram shows the pressure and volume of an ideal gas during one cycle of an engine. As the gas proceeds
from state 1 to state 2, it is heated at constant pressure. It is then cooled at constant volume, until it reaches state
3. The gas is then cooled at constant pressure to state 4. Finally, the gas is heated at constant volume until it
returns to state 1.
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Part A
Find W 12 , the work done by the gas as it expands from state 1 to state 2.
Express the work done in terms of p0 and V0 .
Hint 1. Relating work, pressure, and volume
If the pressure of a gas is p, and its infinitesimal change in volume is dV , what is dW , the infinitesimal
work done by the gas?
ANSWER:
dW = pdV
Hint 2. Doing the integration
To find the work done by the gas as it expands from state 1 to state 2, multiply the gas pressure by the
change in volume between states 1 and 2. When you do this, what value should you use for the
pressure p?
ANSWER:
p = 3p0
ANSWER:
W 12 = 9p0 V0
Correct
Part B
Find W 23 , the work done by the gas as it cools from state 2 to state 3.
V 8/23
Hint 1. Volume of the gas
Note that the volume of the gas remains constant during this part of the cycle.
ANSWER:
W 23 = 0
Correct
Part C
Find W 34 , the work done by the gas as it is compressed from state 3 to state 4.
ANSWER:
W 34 = −3p V0
0
Correct
Part D
Find W 41 , the work done by the gas as it is heated from state 4 to state 1.
ANSWER:
W 41 = 0
Correct
Part E
What is W net , the total work done by the gas during one cycle?
ANSWER:
W net = 6p V0
0
9/23
Correct
Notice that the net work done by the gas during this cycle is equal to the area of the rectangle that appears
in the pV (pressurevolume) diagram. (The width of this rectangle is 3V0 , and its height is 2p0 .) In other
words, the net work done by this gas is equal to the net area under its pV curve. For a cycle, this is
equivalent to the (signed) area enclosed by the cycle.
Part F
When the gas is in state 1, its temperature is T 1 . Find the temperature T 3 of the gas when it is in state 3.
(Remember, this is an ideal gas.)
Express T 3 in terms of T 1 .
Hint 1. Equation of state in terms of p0 and V 0
If an ideal gas is held at a fixed number of moles, then its equation of state is pV = cT , where c is
some constant. For the gas given, find an expression for c in terms of given quantities.
Express c in terms of p0 , V0 , and T 1 .
ANSWER:
3p 0 V 0
c =
T1
ANSWER:
4
T3 = T1
3
Correct
Exercise 19.11
The process abc shown in the pV diagram in the figure
involves 1.75×10−2 mole of an ideal gas.
10/23
Part A
What was the lowest temperature the gas reached in this process?
ANSWER:
T min = 278 K
Correct
Part B
Where did it occur?
ANSWER:
a
b
c
Correct
Part C
How much work was done by or on the gas from a to b?
ANSWER:
W ab = 0 J
Correct
Part D
How much work was done by or on the gas from b to c?
ANSWER:
W bc = 162 J
Correct
Part E
If 215 J of heat was put into the gas during abc, how many of those joules went into internal energy?
ANSWER:
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ΔU = 53 J
Correct
Exercise 19.14: Boiling Water at High Pressure
When water is boiled under a pressure of 2.00 atm, the heat of vaporization is 2.20 × 10 6 J/kg and the boiling

point is 120 ∘ C . At this pressure, 1.00 kg of water has a volume of 1.00 × 10 −3 m3 , and 1.00 kg of steam has a
volume of 0.824 m3 .
Part A
Compute the work done when 1.00 kg of steam is formed at this temperature.
ANSWER:
W = 1.67×105 J
Correct
Part B
Compute the increase in internal energy of the water.
ANSWER:
ΔU = 2.03×106 J
Correct
± Internal Energy of Air
In answering the questions in this problem, assume that the molecules in air (mainly N2 and O 2 ) have five degrees

of freedom at this temperature (three translational and two rotational).
Part A
What is the internal energy U of one mole of air on a very hot summer day (35 ∘ C )?
Express your answer numerically in joules to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Establish the relation between internal energy and temperature
What is the internal energy U of n moles of gas at temperature T with a total of f degrees of freedom?
Express your answer in terms of f , T , n , NA , and Boltzmann's constant k B .

ANSWER:
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f
U = kB N A T n
2
Correct
Hint 2. Determine the temperature in kelvins
To use the ideal gas law, you need to convert the temperature into kelvins. What does 35 ∘ C correspond
to when expressed in kelvins?
ANSWER:
35 C
∘
= 308 K
Correct
ANSWER:
U = 6400 J
Correct
Part B
What is the internal energy U of one mole of air on a typical winter day in Boston when the air temperature is
∘
−8.0 C .
Express your answer numerically in joules to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
U = 5500 J
Correct
Part C
To put these results in perspective, determine how high one mole of air has to be lifted to gain a potential
energy equal to the difference in the energies found in Part A and Part B. (Take the mass of one mole of air to
be 28.9 g.)
Express your answer numerically in meters to two significant figures.
Hint 1. Determine the potential energy gain from falling
What is the increase in gravitational potential energy Ugain of an object of mass 28.9 g when it
is lifted 1 m (near the surface of the earth).
Express your answer numerically in joules to three significant figures. Use 9.81 m/s 2 for the
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magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.
ANSWER:
Ugain = 0.283 J
ANSWER:
Height = 3200 m
Correct
± PSS 19.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Learning Goal:
To practice ProblemSolving Strategy 19.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics.
A 2.40 mol sample of carbon dioxide undergoes a twostep process. First, at a constant volume, the gas behaves
ideally as it is cooled from 14.0 ∘ C to 78.5 ∘ C where it reaches a pressure of 1 atm. Second, at 78.5 ∘ C and a
constant pressure of 1 atm the gas undergoes a phase change to dry ice. What is the change in internal energy of
carbon dioxide for this entire process?
The constant volume molar heat capacity of carbon dioxide gas CV is 28.46 J/mol ⋅ K , the heat of sublimation

L s of carbon dioxide is 6030 cal/mol, and the density of dry ice ρ is 3.41 × 10 4 mol/m3 .
dryice
Problem Solving Strategy: The first law of thermodynamics
IDENTIFY the relevant concepts:
The first law of thermodynamics is the statement of the law of conservation of energy in its most general form. You
can apply it to any situation in which you are concerned with changes in the internal energy of a system, with heat
flow into or out of a system, and/or with work done by or on a system.
SET UP the problem using the following steps:
1. Carefully define what the thermodynamic system is.
2. For problems with more than one step, identify the initial and final states for each step.
3. Identify the known quantities and the target variables.
4. The first law, ΔU = Q − W can be applied just once to each step in a thermodynamic process, so
you will often need additional equations. These often include
V2
W = ∫ p dV
V1
for the work done in a volume change and the equation of state of the material that makes up the
thermodynamic system (for an ideal gas, pV = nRT ).
EXECUTE the solution as follows:
1. Consistent units are essential. If p is in Pa and V is in m3 , then W is in joules. If a heat capacity is

given in terms of calories, usually the simplest procedure is to convert it to joules.
2. The internal energy change ΔU in any thermodynamic process or series of processes is independent
of the path, whether the substance is an ideal gas or not. Since ΔU is the same for every possible
path between the same two states, you can then relate the various energy quantities for other paths.
3. When a process consists of several distinct steps, it often helps to make a table showing Q , W , and
ΔU for each step. Put these quantities for each step on a different line, and arrange them so the Q ’s,
W ’s, and ΔU ’s form columns. Then, you can apply the first law to each line; in addition, you can add
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each column and apply the first law to the sums.
4. Using steps 1–3, solve for the target variables.
EVALUATE your answer:
Check your results for reasonableness. In particular, make sure that each of your answers has the correct algebraic
sign. Recall that a positive Q means that heat flows into the system, and a negative Q means that heat flows out
of the system. A positive W means that work is done by the system on its environment, whereas a negative W
means that work is done on the system by its environment.
IDENTIFY the relevant concepts
In this problem, carbon dioxide undergoes a twostep process in which work is done and heat flows between the gas
and its environment. The resulting change in internal energy of the gas is governed by the first law of
thermodynamics.
SET UP the problem using the following steps
Part A
Identify the initial and final states of carbon dioxide for each step in the process.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
ANSWER:
15/23
Correct
The figure illustrates this twostep process.
Carbon dioxide starts at a known temperature but unknown pressure p1 and volume V1 . As the

temperature of the gas drops to 78.5 ∘ C , the pressure of the gas also decreases until it reaches
p2 = 1 atm. At this point, the gas changes phase to become a solid, so the volume decreases to V2
while the pressure and temperature stay the same.
Part B
What equations will you need in the process of solving for the change in internal energy ΔU of the carbon
dioxide? Ls is the heat of sublimation, Lf is the heat of fusion, and CV is the constant volume heat capacity.
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
Q = nL s
Q = nL f
pV = nRT
5
CV = R
2
W = p(V2 − V1 )
Q = nCV ΔT
ΔU = Q − W
Correct
EXECUTE the solution as follows
Part C
What is the change in internal energy ΔU of carbon dioxide for this entire process?
Express your answer in joules.
Hint 1. How to approach this problem 16/23
This process consists of two steps. During step 1, the carbon dioxide gas cools at a constant volume
from an initial pressure and temperature to a final pressure and temperature. During step 2, the carbon
dioxide changes phase and decreases its volume while at a constant temperature and pressure.
The change of internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = Q − W .
Because this is a twostep process, the overall change in internal energy becomes
ΔUtotal = (Q 1 − W 1 ) + (Q 2 − W 2 )
.
step 1 step 2
To simplify the expression, look for terms that are equal to zero. For each step in the process,
determine the heat flow into and work done by the carbon dioxide. Keep in mind that
R = 0.08206 L ⋅ atm/(mol ⋅ K) , 1 m = 1000 L, 1 atm = 1.013 × 10 Pa, and
3 5
1 cal = 4.186 J .
Hint 2. Find the heat transferred during the first step of the process
What is Q 1 when 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide gas is cooled at a constant volume from 14.0 ∘ C to 78.5
C ? The constant volume molar heat capacity of carbon dioxide gas is 28.46 J/(mol ⋅ K) .
∘
Hint 1. How to find the heat transferred when a gas is cooled at a constant volume
When a gas is cooled or heated at a constant volume, the expression for Q is
Q = nCV ΔT ,
where n is the number of moles of gas, CV is the constant volume molar heat capacity, and

ΔT is the change in temperature. Make sure that the sign of Q makes sense a positive Q
means that heat flows into the system, and a negative Q means that heat flows out of the
system.
ANSWER:
Q1 = 6320 J
Correct
Hint 3. Find the work done during the first step of the process
What is the value of W 1 as 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide is cooled at a constant volume from 14.0 ∘ C to
78.5 ∘ C ?
ANSWER:
W1 = 0 J
Correct
Hint 4. Find the heat transferred during the second step of the process
What is Q 2 when 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide undergoes a phase transition from a gas to a solid at the
sublimation temperature of 78.5 ∘ C ? The heat of sublimation of carbon dioxide is 6030 cal/mol.
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Hint 1. The heat transferred during the deposition of carbon dioxide
When a gas changes phase from gas to solid or vice versa, the heat Q transferred during this
process is Q = nLs . Make certain to consider the sign of the heat transferred. When a solid
changes into a gas, heat is added to the substance, so Q is positive. When a gas changes into a
solid, heat is removed from the substance, so Q is negative.
ANSWER:
Q2 = −6.06×104 J
Correct
Hint 5. Find the work done during the second step of the process
What is the value of W 2 when 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide gas undergoes a phase transition from a gas
to a solid at the sublimation temperature of 78.5 ∘ C and a constant pressure of 1 atm?
Hint 1. How to approach this problem
To find the work done during the second step of the process, you will be using
W = p(V2 − V1 ) . Since carbon dioxide is a gas at the beginning of the second step of the
process, use the ideal gas law to find V1 . Carbon dioxide is a solid at the end of the second step
of the process, so use the density of dry ice to find V2 .
Hint 2. Find the initial volume
What is the volume of 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide gas at 1 atm and 78.5 ∘ C ?
Express your answer in meters cubed.
ANSWER:
V1 = 3.83×10−2 m3
Correct
Hint 3. Find the final volume
What is the volume of 2.40 mol of dry ice if the density of dry ice is 3.41 × 10 4 mol/m3 ?
Express your answer in meters cubed.
ANSWER:
V2 = 7.04×10−5 m3
Correct
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ANSWER:
W2 = 3880 J
Correct
ANSWER:
ΔU = −6.30×104 J
Correct
Part D
What are the signs associated with each of the following quantities?
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
ANSWER:
19/23
Correct
The change in internal energy of a system only depends upon the heat flow into or out of the system and
the work done by the system, ΔU = Q − W . Getting the signs correct in this equation is essential. Both
heat flow into and work done by the system are positive quantities.
Two Conventions, One Law
Learning Goal:
To understand the first law of thermodynamics, written using either "work done on the system" or "work done by the
system."
Energy transferred from one object to another due to a difference in their temperatures is called heat. Heat transfer
is very common in various processes, and it is important to extend the law of conservation of energy to those
processes that involve not just mechanical work but also heat. Such an "extended" version of the law of
conservation of energy can be expressed as
ΔEsys = ΔEmech + ΔEth ,
where ΔEsys is the change in the system's total energy, which is the sum of the change in the system's
mechanical energy, ΔEmech , and the change in the system's internal energy, ΔEth .
We will usually assume that no changes in mechanical energy occur in thermodynamic processes; that is,
ΔEmech = 0 . These changes in mechanical energy would occur if the system were to undergo a change in kinetic
energy or potential energy. Assuming that all changes in internal energy are associated only with thermal energy; Q
is the amount of heat transferred to the system; and W is the amount of work done on the system. Note the
italicized words "to" and "on." These words are short, yet important: They contain, in effect, the sign convention;
that is, they help you choose a positive or negative sign for the quantities that enter your calculations. For instance,
a positive value of heat indicates energy being transferred from the environment to the system. Similarly, when work
is done on the system, energy is transferred to the system and W > 0 . Under these conditions, the "extended"
version of the law of conservation of energy is known as the first law of thermodynamics, and it is expressed as
ΔEsys = ΔEth = Q + W .
The first law of thermodynamics can be written in more than one way. If, instead of the work done on the system,
we consider the work done by the system on the environment, then energy is transferred from the system to the
enviroment and the system's total energy decreases. Thus,
ΔEsys = ΔEth = Q − W ,
where W now represents the work done by the system. When using this form for the first law, remember that
W > 0 when work is done by the system.
There is no particular advantage in using one form over the other. When you solve problems, be guided by your
common sense. Ask yourself "Does energy increase or decrease as a result of this process?" And remember that
change is always "the final quantity" minus "the initial quantity"that is, the change in a certain physical quantity is
positive when the quantity increases its value and negative when the quantity decreases its value.
Part A
A system dissipates 12 J of heat into the surroundings; meanwhile, 28 J of work is done on the system. What
is the change of the internal energy ΔEth of the system?
ANSWER:
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40 J
16 J
16 J
40 J
Correct
Part B
A system absorbs 12 J of heat from the surroundings; meanwhile, 28 J of work is done on the system. What is
the change of the internal energy ΔEth of the system?
ANSWER:
40 J
16 J
16 J
40 J
Correct
Part C
A system absorbs 12 J of heat from the surroundings; meanwhile, 28 J of work is done by the system. What is
the change of the internal energy ΔEth of the system?
ANSWER:
40 J
16 J
16 J
40 J
Correct
Part D
A system experiences a change in internal energy of 36 kJ in a process that involves a transfer of 14 kJ of
heat into the surroundings. Simultaneously, which of the following is true?
ANSWER:
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22 kJ of work is done by the system.
22 kJ of work is done on the system.
Correct
Part E
heat into the surroundings. Simultaneously, which of the following is true?
ANSWER:
Correct
Part F
heat into the system. Simultaneously, which of the following is true?
ANSWER:
Correct
Part G
In a certain process, the energy change of the system is 250 kJ . The process involves 480 kJ of work done
by the system. Find the amount of heat Q transferred in this process.
Express your answer numerically in kilojoules. Make your answer positive if the heat is transferred into
the system; make it negative if the heat is transferred into the surroundings.
ANSWER:
Q = 730 kJ
22/23
Correct
Part H
In a certain process, the energy change of the system is 250 kJ . The process involves 480 kJ of work done
on the system. Find the amount of heat Q transferred in this process.
ANSWER:
Q = 230 kJ
Correct
Part I
In a certain process, the energy of the system decreases by 250 kJ . The process involves 480 kJ of work
done on the system. Find the amount of heat Q transferred in this process.
ANSWER:
Q = 730 kJ
Correct
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MasteringPhysics ME12001 Thermodynamics Homework T5

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MasteringPhysics ME12001 Thermodynamics Homework T5

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ME12001 Thermodynamics T5

where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas

Express your answer in terms of p0 , V0 , V1 , and simple numerical factors.

W net = 1.00 J

n max = 5.9×10−2 mol

T min = 278 K

W bc = 162 J

When water is boiled under a pressure of 2.00 atm, the heat of vaporization is 2.20 × 10 6 J/kg and the boiling

In answering the questions in this problem, assume that the molecules in air (mainly N2 and O 2 ) have five degrees

Express your answer in terms of f , T , n , NA , and Boltzmann's constant k B .

U = 6400 J

U = 5500 J

Express your answer numerically in joules to three significant figures. Use 9.81 m/s 2 for the

Ugain = 0.283 J

Height = 3200 m

The constant volume molar heat capacity of carbon dioxide gas CV is 28.46 J/mol ⋅ K , the heat of sublimation

1. Consistent units are essential. If p is in Pa and V is in m3 , then W is in joules. If a heat capacity is

Carbon dioxide starts at a known temperature but unknown pressure p1 and volume V1 . As the

where n is the number of moles of gas, CV is the constant volume molar heat capacity, and

Q1 = ­6320 J

W2 = ­3880 J

ΔEsys = ΔEmech + ΔEth ,

Q = 730 kJ

Q = ­230 kJ

Q = ­730 kJ

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Q1 = 6320 J

W2 = 3880 J

Q = 230 kJ

Q = 730 kJ