Syed Salman Haider Naqvi

Department of Mechanical
NED University of Engineering and Technology
Electricity in Pakistan
Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by
two vertically integrated public sector utilities: Water and Power Development
Authority (WAPDA) for all of Pakistan (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric (K-
Electric) for the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas. There are around 42
independent power producers (IPPs) that contribute significantly in electricity
generation in Pakistan.
Current Capacity
Total installed capacity: 23,928 MW (2015)

Electricity – Sources (2014)

fossil fuel – 14,635 MW – 64.2% of total(oil-35.2% + gas-29%)
hydro – 6,611 MW – 29% of total
nuclear – 1,322 MW – 5.8% of total

The average demand is17,000 MW whereas, shortfall between 5,000

MW and 6,000 MW.
There are four major power producers in country: WAPDA, K-Electric,
IPPs and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
Major Power Plants of Pakistan
WAPDA, PAEC, K-Electric and some Independent Power Producers IPPs are as
followed.
Power Plants
Company Location Capacity
Tarbela Dam 3478 MW
WAPDA (HYDEL) Mangla Dam 1000 MW
Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project 1450 MW
Guddu Thermal Power Plant 1655 MW
WAPDA (THERMAL) Muzaffargarh Thermal Power Plant 1350 MW
Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant 850 MW

Jump to slide 11
 Power Plants
Company Location Capacity
Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim I 1260 MW
K-Electric CCPP, Bin Qasim II 560 MW
Thermal Power Station, Korangi 316 MW
KANUPP 137 MW
CHASNUPP-1 325 MW
PAEC CHASNUPP-2 325 MW
CHASNUPP-3 340 MW
CHASNUPP-4 340 MW
PEPCO Nandipur Power Project 425 MW

Solar Park Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur 400 MW

Jump to slide 12
 Power Plants
Company Location Capacity
AES Lalpir Limited, Mehmood Kot 362 MW
AES Pak Gen, Mehmood Kot 365 MW
HUBCO Hub Power Plant, Hub 1292 MW
Kot Addu Power Company Limited 1638 MW
IPPs
Lucky Electric Power Company Limited 660 MW
Uch (Uch-I and Uch-II) Power Limited, Dera
990 MW
Murad Jamali
Engro Powergen Qadirpur Limited, Ghotki 226.5 MW
Express Tribune Report:
As on June 30, 2015, the total installed capacity of the country was 24,823
MW; of which the share of thermal power plants was 16,814 MW (67.74%)
followed by hydel power plants 7,116 MW (28.67%), nuclear power plants
787 MW (3.17%) and wind power plant 106 MW (0.43%).
 2005-2010
20,289 MW 11
1998-2003
ENERGY PRODUCTION PLAN 15,421 MW 10
1993-1998 2010-2015
1955-2010 9,786 MW 20,782 MW
1988-1993 6%
9
6,716 MW
1983-1988
4,809 MW 8
1978-1983
3,280 MW 7
1970-1975 86%
1,743 MW 6
1965-1970 5 46%
815 MW
4 50%
1960-1965 73%
550 MW 3
Production Plan
53%
1955-1960
168 MW 2 78% Success Rate

1 82%

101%
CPEC and it’s Impact on Power Sector
Electricity generation has increased by 3.18% in 2015 as a result of Government
of Pakistan (GoP) efforts and China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The
country has begun diversifying its energy producing capacity by investing in coal,
nuclear energy, solar energy and wind energy to help offset the energy shortage
while larger projects greater than 1000 MW such as the Diamer-Bhasha Dam,
Kohala Hydropower Project, Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project, Sahiwal Coal
Power Project, Thar Engro Coal Power Project, Hub Coal Power Project and new
nuclear plants are now under construction or planned.
CPEC Projects – Due 2020
Power Stations Capacity
Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project. 1320 (2x660MW)
Sahiwal Coal Power Project 1320 (2x660MW)
Rahimyar Khan coal power project 1320 (2x660MW)
Thar SSRL coal power project and mine 1320 (2x660MW)
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park 1000MW
Suki Kinari Hydropower Project 870MW
Karot Hydropower Project 720MW
HUBCO coal power project 660MW
Thar Engro Coal Power Project 660 (2x330MW)
Gwadar coal power project 300MW
UEP Windfarm 100MW
Others* 50x3MW
Classification Of Power Plants
Hydel Power Plants
It is said that Pakistan could produce upto 40,000MW through
Hydel Energy yet it consumes less than 20% of its resource.
The Hydel Contribution to power sector is only 7,116MW.
Pakistan’s major Hydro Electric Power Plants are enlisted here
WAPDA Hydro Electric Stations
Nuclear Power Stations
As of 2017 the net addition to grid through Nuclear Power Station
is 1,467MW. With Chasnupp and Kanupp extension underway and
due till 2020. Net +4200MW addition to the grid is expected by
2020. For detailed specifications visit here.
 Oil Fired
The major share of Oil fired plants raise a

Thermal Power Stations startling concern as it contributes to loss of

foreign exchange and with hiking oil prices
They are further classified as per unit cost Rs./KWh has also increased. Oil
• Oil Fired – 35.2% Fired Plants add +8000MW to the grid as of
• Gas Fired – 29% 2013 survey.
• Coal Fired – 1.2%

Gas Fired
Having world’s largest gas reserves
quickly deplating. Gas Fired Plants add
+6900MW to the grid. Being cheaper
compared to HSD and HFO, it’s the best
alternative to produce cheaper electricity.

Coal Fired
Pakistan have large coal reserves. Its estimated
that 40000MW could be recovered for next
100 years. Yet due to environmental policies
and coal quality the projects are limited.
+300MW has been added to grid as of 2013
Dawn News Report:
The coal power plant will have two units each with a combined capacity of
1320MW. One unit (holding 660MW capacity) is expected to be completed
by the end of 2017 and the other by March 2018.

The project adopts the world’s leading super-critical thermal technology

and will also follow environment-friendly operations, including seawater
desalination and flue gas de-sulfurization.
Inefficiencies of Thermal Power Stations
Maintaining a Power Plant is as important as operating the system. Guddu and BQPS I – KE
are nearing their life cycle with inefficiencies having its toll. Guddu being a Thermal Power
Station at its optimum has 35% net efficiency which has downgraded to only 30% similarly
BQPS-I is not running on full load due to technology upgrade and maintenance issues.
Era Of Gas Engines and Combine Cycle Power Plants
Gas engines are popular as power developing propulsion engines and have contributed millions of
MegaWatts worldwide. A simple cycle Gas Turbine engine can yield coupe up 45% Net efficiency. And when
coupled with a Steam Turbine engine the CCPP can yield upto 55-65% Net efficiency, depending upon the
technology it’s equipped with.

Currently +6700MW have been added to the Grid through CCPP. The highly efficient Power Plants yield best
economy. Per unit cost Rs./KWh is cheaper compared to other technologies.
Conclusion
Pakistan’s Power Sector is fast evolving. The production has gone 2.5x in last 10
year plan. Through China Pakistan Economic Corridor – CPEC upto 10,000MW
would be added to the Grid by 2020. Suppressing the Shortfall and featuring job
opportunities. Furthermore more efficient Super Critical Plants are being
established with 42% Net Efficiency and other Combined Cycle Power Stations
are part of the “Early Harvest – Energy Project”.

Click here to view CPEC Projects