Energy Around The World Activity

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Energy Around the World 16
Students explore energy use in other countries and compare it to energy use in the United States.
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Grade Levels:
Elem
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Elementary
Secondary
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Int Intermediate
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Subject Areas:
Science Social Studies
Math Language Arts
Technology
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data available to our teachers and students. Most statistics
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2 Energy Around the World

Energy Around the World
The information in this

publication is taken from Table of Contents
the U.S. Energy Information
Administration, the CIA Standards Correlation Information 4
World Factbook, and the
Teacher Guide 5
International Energy Agency.
Many entities, organizations, Sample Script 8
and countries have different
Continent Profiles 9
metrics for measuring the data
sets used within this activity. Continent Maps 13
The facts and figures used
Country Profiles 19
to describe countries in this
activity are compiled by NEED Evaluation Form 47
from the organizations listed
above for consistency.
© 2015 The NEED Project 8408 Kao Circle, Manassas, VA 20110 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 3
Standards Correlation Information
www.NEED.org/curriculumcorrelations
Next Generation Science Standards

This guide effectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations,
science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more
details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations website.
Common Core State Standards

This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations
are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations
website.
Individual State Science Standards

This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level
and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED website.

Teacher Guide
& Background Grade Levels

Countries use many energy resources at different levels of consumption depending on the climate,
Elementary, grade 5
available resources, level of industrialization, economic status, and culture. The purpose of this

Intermediate, grades 6-8
activity is to introduce students to the different ways that people in other countries produce and
consume energy by providing information on a representative sample of countries throughout
Secondary, grades 9-12
the world. This activity is designed for use with upper elementary, middle school, and secondary
students.  Time
Five 45-minute class periods
 Objectives (plus out-of-class research)

Students will be able to identify the sources of energy and describe possible uses for each.

Students will be able to explain the idea that different countries use energy differently, citing
possible reasons for differences, such as geography, finances, availability, culture, politics, etc.
Concepts

The world’s energy resources are not equitably distributed throughout the world. Some countries
are rich in resources, while others lack resources.

Industrialized nations consume a disproportionate share of the world’s energy resources.

The availability of resources, the climate, culture, level of industrialization, and economic well-being
contribute significantly to the type and amount of resources consumed in different countries.

Countries in the Northern Hemisphere use more energy resources and are more industrialized than
countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
 Materials

Sample script for teacher demonstration

United States profile for comparison and contrast

One country profile for each student

One corresponding continent profile and continent map for each student

Poster board, transparencies, or digital projector for use in presentations
2Preparation

Make one country profile for each student.

Divide the country profiles into five continent groups: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and
South America. Australia, as a country-continent, will be discussed in the teacher demonstration.
Information on Antarctica is also provided for you to present to the students, since it is not an
organized country.

Make enough copies of each continent profile and continent map so that every student assigned
a country within that continent will have one of each. Attach one continent profile and continent
map to each country profile.

Project the profile of the U.S., or copy, and provide one for each student.
Procedure
1. Introduce the activity to the class by explaining that each student will be preparing a short presentation to the class on his/her assigned
country. Students will also work in groups, according to continent, to prepare a short group profile of their continent.
2. Give students a general overview of energy use around the world, and review background information and concepts, using the continent
profiles as a source of information. Refer to NEED’s Energy Infobooks for more background information, if necessary. Infobooks are
available at the elementary, intermediate, and secondary levels and can be downloaded from www.NEED.org.
3. Distribute one country profile to each student and have the students form continent groups.
4. Give students an explanation of Antarctica. Discuss why students will not be tackling Antarctica in their groups. Present the sample
script on Australia. You may choose to get into costume while presenting Australia’s information, to encourage creativity in student
presentations. Example props may include a fake boomerang, bush hat, khaki clothing, or a rugby shirt.
5. After your presentation, restate the important energy information that was given.
6. Briefly discuss the U.S. profile as a class so that the students can compare and contrast their countries’ data and have a familiar context
with which to work. If the students are unfamiliar with some of the statistics, explain the meaning of them at this time. Give the class
the remainder of the class period to familiarize themselves with the information about their individual countries.
7. It should be emphasized that the statistics, on their own, are of little value. It is in the context of comparison with other countries
around the world that they become meaningful. Caution students not to state the statistics themselves in their reports, but to compare
the statistics to those of the U.S. and other countries on their continent, and to think about what those statistics tell them about the
standard of living in their countries.
NOTE: International energy statistics can take several years to reflect recent events. Data for individual countries is often reported
differently and takes longer to compile. Data for these profiles reflects the most recent data for the individual countries and continents,
which in most cases is 2012-2013 data.
8. For many students, an explanation of per capita and gross domestic product may be helpful. The production and consumption statistics,
especially, should be explained to younger students, so that they understand that industry and business are included in these figures.
All students need to understand that the figures represent the consumption and production of the entire country, divided by the
population—and that individuals do not consume or produce the energy reported.
For example: not every individual in the U.S. consumes 309 million Btu of energy per year—but the statistic indicates a highly
industrialized society that consumes a large amount of energy. On the other hand, Greenland in not highly industrialized—why is its
energy consumption per capita so high? The climate and very small population, as well as population density, are factors that should
be considered.
9. Electricity generation data is categorized four ways: Hydropower, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear, and Other Renewables. Discuss the sources of
energy used to generate electricity in each category to help students understand the resources used by each country. Other Renewables
includes solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal.
10. Discuss with students that throughout the profiles, measurements are reported in metric units. Students may want to convert these
measurements for context during their presentations. Ask students why they think all units have been reported in metric units, while
income figures are reported in U.S. Dollars. Go over the following terms of measurements with the class:
Btu (British thermal unit) = approximately the amount of energy released by burning one wooden kitchen match.
1
Q (quad—1 quadrillion (1015) Btu). Quads are used to measure very large quantities of energy. The U.S. uses one quad of energy
1
about every 3.68 days.
MMT (million metric ton). A measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide released by fuel use.
1

11. Give the students the following instructions:

Each of you has been assigned a country about which you will prepare a short presentation like the one I’ve just given. A map of
your country should accompany your presentation.

You will also work as a group to prepare a short presentation on the continent in which your country is located. Using the individual
profiles I have given you, compare and contrast the countries within your continent. Use the data about the United States, too. The
statistics themselves aren’t the only important part of your report. You should also compare your statistics with those of the U.S.
and the other countries on your continent, and report what they tell you about your country. You will need to think about what
your statistics mean. You might need to do some additional research to find some interesting information about your country and
your continent. Be as creative as possible.

Create a presentation that displays the continent. The location of your countries should be a part of your presentation.
Presentations can be multimedia, including posters, PowerPoints, or animations. In your group, you might want to assign different
tasks to the members. One member might create the presentation, one might do the research, one might write the sample script,
and one might deliver the presentation, for example. You will have the rest of the class period to plan your presentations. Are
there any questions?
12. Monitor group work. Make sure that each group has assigned tasks to each member of the group.
13. Give the groups as many class periods as needed, reserving a few minutes at the end of each class period to check on the progress of
their work. On the day before presentations are due to begin, give the groups 15 minutes to practice their presentations.
14. The presentations should begin with a group presentation of one continent, followed by the individual presentations of the countries
within that continent. If a student has been assigned to present the information on the United States, make this presentation first, so
that students have a firm understanding of their own country and continent before proceeding to the other continents.
15. Once the presentations have been completed, review and discuss the activity concepts.
 Technology Extensions

Encourage students to make their presentations using multimedia software or devices.

Utilize software, such as Excel, or another spreadsheet program, that will allow students to perform statistical analysis. Have students
prepare a graphic analysis as part of their presentations.
Evaluation

Use the grading guide below, or develop your own rubrics to evaluate student work.

Group Presentation — 40 points

Individual Presentation — 60 points

Evaluate the activity with the class using the Evaluation Form on page 47.
Sample Script: Australia
“G’day, mates! M’name’s Mathilda and I’m from the land down under—Australia, that is. Australia might be the smallest continent, but it’s
the sixth largest country in the world. One continent—one country. Technically speaking, the Commonwealth of Australia is really bigger
than the continent, because it includes the island of Tasmania.
Australia is located south of Japan, way south, in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. (Use a world map to
show relative size, location, and other islands.) It’s part of a large group of islands called Oceania. These islands include New Zealand, Fiji,
and New Guinea.
There are a few mountain ranges in Australia and even a little tropical rain forest, but most of the land is hot, flat, and dry—especially the
interior and the north and west coasts. In fact, a lot of the interior, or outback, is grazing land or desert, and nearly deserted. On average,
there are only eight people per square mile, compared to the United States that has 84.
Most of us Aussies (89 percent) live in cities on the east and southeast coasts, where the climate is temperate, a lot like your California. A
city-slicker isn’t your idea of the typical Australian, is it?
I guess you can tell that English is the official language in Australia. The native Australians—the Aborigines—make up less than one
percent of the population. The other 99 percent are immigrants or descendants of early settlers, mostly English and Irish.
We Australians live a pretty good life. There’s one car for every two people. Just like in the United States, everybody has to go to school here
until they’re 15 or 16, and 99 percent of the people can read and write. Most of us have cell phones, televisions, and computers. We live in
a democracy—just like you—and have the same freedoms.
Australia has lots of natural resources, too. It used to be that most of our money came from exporting wool, meat, and wheat, all grown on
that vast interior land I told you about. But today, things have changed. We discovered that we have vast deposits of coal, iron ore, gold,
uranium, and bauxite (the ore from which aluminum is extracted). Now mining is our major industry. In fact, Australia is the second largest
exporter of coal in the world. We export most of our coal to Japan and other Asian countries.
We’ve discovered oil and gas fields, too. We’ve begun building long pipelines to move the oil and gas to industrial areas.
About 87 percent of our electricity comes from fossil fuels—burning coal and natural gas, mostly. The rest comes from hydropower plants
and other renewable energy sources. There are only a few areas here that have enough rainfall to power hydro plants. We have a lot of
sun, though, and in the last few years, development of solar facilities has begun. Even though we have huge deposits of uranium, we don’t
produce electricity in nuclear power plants.
Using fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Australia emits a lot of carbon dioxide—almost 19 metric tons per person.
That’s slightly more than the average American produces. The Australian government signed the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse
gas emissions.
A lot of people in Australia are also worried about mining coal, uranium, and other minerals, and the effect it has on the environment. We
Australians are very protective of our beautiful country, and our laws make environmental concerns an important part of every decision
that is made.
So long, mates. If you have any questions, I’d be glad to try to answer them before I head down under.”

CONTINENT PROFILE
Australia
Continent Australia
Size 7,741,220 square kilometers, the smallest of the seven continents
Population 22,507,617 People
89.3% Urban, 10.7% Rural
Government Federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Language English
Gross Domestic Product $46,600
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars
Transportation 545 cars per 1,000 people
Literacy Rate 99%
Climate Most of Australia is very hot and dry; much of the interior is desert. The coastal areas of the east, southeast,
and southwest (where most people live) are the only temperate regions.
Electricity Generation Hydropower 7%
Fossil Fuels 87%
Other Renewables 6%
Energy Production Total 12.925 Q
Energy Consumption Total 5.991 Q
226.18 million Btu/capita
CO2 Emissions 420.6 MMT (18.69 metric tons/capita)
Energy Balance Exports over half of the energy it produces, mostly coal. Australia is the world’s second largest exporter of
coal.
Resources Australia is a major world producer and leading exporter of coal. Its coal reserves are immense. It also has
significant reserves of oil and gas, large deposits of uranium, and hydropower potential.
Environmental Concerns Australians are very concerned about environmental issues. They are concerned about soil erosion from
overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices. They are also concerned
about soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water. Other concerns include desertification; habitat
preservation of threatened species; protecting the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast; and limited
natural freshwater resources. As coal mining continues, a watchful eye is kept on the mining industry.
CONTINENT PROFILE
Antarctica
Continent Antarctica
Size 13,998,886 square kilometers, fifth largest continent
About one and a half times the size of the United States
Population 4,400 people in summer; 1,100 in winter
Transient population—mostly researchers from many countries working at remote research stations. Few
researchers stay more than two years.
Government The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 allows for an international group to govern. The Treaty requires that Antarctica
only be used for peaceful purposes.
Language None
Transportation Mostly by ship and airplanes with skis. There are no cars in Antarctica.
Climate Antarctica is almost entirely covered by ice more than one mile thick. It is the coldest and windiest continent
with temperatures rarely climbing above freezing. About 70 percent of the fresh water in the world is locked
in the ice of Antarctica.
Electricity Generation Each research station has its own generator. Use of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels is encouraged,
especially solar and wind generators.
Energy Resources The potential energy and mineral resources under the ice of Antarctica have not been fully explored.
Locked in the ice is an enormous amount of methane, but there is no known method at this time to extract
it without damaging the ecology. There are some countries that are calling for Antarctica to be declared a
world park with a ban on mining. Other countries, especially Chile and Argentina, see this ban as a threat
to their territorial rights.
Environmental Concerns Climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer may have adverse effects on the fragile ecology and
marine food chain. The waters around Antarctica are feeding grounds for whales.
North America and Central America

Population 542.1 million people
Resources North America is the third largest continent. Much of North America is rich in minerals. There is abundant
coal and uranium and vast reserves of petroleum and natural gas, especially in offshore deposits. There
is potential for expanded use of geothermal energy. Most countries have potential for expanded use of
hydropower.
Energy Balance Imports and exports vary greatly by country. As a whole, the continent imports about 10 percent of the
energy it consumes.

CONTINENT PROFILE
South America
Resources South America is the fourth largest continent. Located in the Southern Hemisphere, it has one of the world’s
most important resources—the Amazonian rain forest. The rain forest is a major source of oxygen for the
planet. The Amazon River, which flows through South America, is one of the world’s longest rivers and
carries one-fifth of all the water that runs off the Earth’s surface to the oceans.
South America is rich in energy resources, many of them not yet measured. The largest petroleum deposits
are located in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Colombia has large deposits of
coal, with lesser amounts found in Brazil, Venezuela, and Chile.
Large deposits of natural gas are found in Venezuela and Argentina, with lesser reserves in Colombia,
Brazil, and Bolivia. Chile, Peru, and Ecuador also have natural gas deposits. Argentina has large deposits of
uranium.
Energy Balance Exports petroleum. Imports coal. Exports about 16 percent of the energy it produces.
Africa
Population 1.049 billion people
Resources Africa is the second largest continent and contains almost one-sixth of the world’s population. It rests in
both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, with the Equator running through its middle. Much of the
northern half of the continent is part of the Sahara Desert. Tropical rain forest lies along the Equator, and
large tropical grasslands fill much of the remaining interior. The more temperate areas of the extreme north
and south are the best agricultural lands.
The central and southern parts of the continent are rich in minerals. Deposits of petroleum and natural
gas are found in some of the northernmost countries. Many of the resources of Africa have not been fully
explored yet, and few are fully utilized.
Energy Balance Exports petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectric power. Exports about half of the energy it produces.
CONTINENT PROFILE
Europe
Resources Europe, the sixth largest continent, has a wide variety of countries, cultures, and climates. Most of the
countries have abundant resources. There are major deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas in many
areas. Many of the countries have hydropower potential.
Offshore oil and gas deposits in the North Sea could be immense. France has a well-developed nuclear
program. A large portion of eastern Europe is suffering from contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear
accident and other nuclear and chemical discharges.
Energy Balance Imports petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Imports just under half of the energy it consumes.
Asia and the Middle East

Population 4.323 billion people
Resources Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. Asia is home to 55 percent of the world’s
population. China alone contains about twenty percent of the world’s people, and India another 18 percent.
Japan, with few resources of its own, is the most industrialized country.
The huge areas of China and Russia have vast resources of coal—most of it underdeveloped. The arid
countries of the south have the major petroleum and natural gas deposits in the world. Many countries
also have vast hydropower potential.
Energy Balance Exports 10% of the energy it produces. The Middle East exports a large amount of petroleum; parts of Asia
import large amounts of coal and petroleum.

CONTINENT MAP
Antarctica
CONTINENT MAP
North and Central America
GREENLAND
CANADA
ST. PIERRE AND

MIQUELON
PACIFIC
OCEAN
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
BERMUDA
THE BAHAMAS
MEXICO TURKS AND CAICOS
HAITI PUERTO RICO

CUBA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
BELIZE JAMAICA
HONDURAS
GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA
COSTA RICA PANAMA

CONTINENT MAP
South America
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
FRENCH GUIANA (FRANCE)
SURINAME
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
BRAZIL
BOLIVIA
PACIFIC PARAGUAY
OCEAN CHILE
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ARGENTINA
URUGUAY
FALKLAND
ISLANDS (U.K.)
SOUTH
GEORGIA
ISLAND (U.K.)
CONTINENT MAP
Africa
MOROCCO TUNISIA
ALGERIA
WESTERN LIBYA
SAHARA EGYPT
MAURITANIA MALI
NIGER
SUDAN
CHAD ERITREA
THE SENEGAL
GAMBIA
BURKINA
GUINEA FASO DJIBOUTI
BISSAU GUINEA
BENIN NIGERIA
SIERRA TOGO
COTE D’IVOIRE
LEONE (IVORY COAST) CENTRAL SOUTH
GHANA AFRICAN SUDAN ETHIOPIA
LIBERIA CAMEROON REPUBLIC
UGANDA SOMALIA
EQUATORIAL
REPUBLIC
KENYA
GUINEA DEMOCRATIC
OF THE
GABON CONGO REPUBLIC
RWANDA
OF THE
BURUNDI
CONGO INDIAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
OCEAN
TANZANIA
ASCENSION
MALAWI
ANGOLA
ZAMBIA
ST. HELENA
MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR
NAMIBIA ZAMBABWE
BOTSWANA
SWAZILAND
LESOTHO
SOUTH
TRISTA DA CUNHA AFRICA

CONTINENT MAP
Europe
SVALBARD
JAN MAYEN
ICELAND
SWEDEN
FAROE ISLANDS FINLAND
NORWAY
RUSSIA
NORTH
SEA ESTONIA
ISLE OF MAN
LATVIA
DENMARK
LITHUANIA
IRELAND
UNITED BELARUS
NETHERLANDS.
KINGDOM
ATLANTIC GERMANY POLAND

OCEAN BELGIUM
GUERNSEY
UKRAINE
JERSEY
CZECH
LUXEMBOURG
REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA
LIECHTENSTEIN MOLDOVA
FRANCE
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
SWITZERLAND
ROMANIA
SLOVENIA
CROATIA
SAN MARINO BOSNIA BLACK
AND SERBIA SEA
HERZEGOVINA BULGARIA
ANDORRA ITALY MONTENEGRO
PORTUGAL
MONACO KOSOVO
MACEDONIA
SPAIN
ALBANIA TURKEY
VATICAN CITY
GREECE
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
GIBRALTAR CYPRUS
MALTA AKROTIRI
DHEKELIA
18
CONTINENT MAP
Asia and the Middle East
RUSSIA
KAZAKHSTAN
RUSSIA MONGOLIA
BLACK SEA
GEORGIA
UZBEKISTAN
TURKEY ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN KYRGYZSTAN
NORTH KOREA
CASPIAN
MEDITERRANEAN TURKMENISTAN
CYPRUS SEA TAJIKISTAN JAPAN
SEA SYRIA
LEBANON SOUTH KOREA
JORDAN
ISRAEL IRAQ CHINA
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
IRAN
EGYPT
PAKISTAN
KUWAIT NEPAL
BHUTAN
BAHRAIN PERSIAN INDIA
RED
GULF MACAV PACIFIC OCEAN
SEA QATAR UNITED ARAB BANGLADESH
SUDAN EMIRATES TAIWAN
SAUDI ARABIA OMAN VIETNAM
MYANMAR
HONG KONG
(BURMA) LAOS
THAILAND PARACEL PHILIPPINES

YEMEN ISLANDS
PALAU
GULF OF ADEN CAMBODIA
SRI LANKA SPRATLY

ISLANDS BRUNEI
MALAYSIA
INDIAN OCEAN SINGAPORE
INDONESIA
MALDIVES
INDONESIA
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
EAST TIMOR

COUNTRY PROFILE
United States
Continent North America Energy Production Total 79.212 Q
Size 9,826,675 square kilometers Energy Consumption Total 95.058 Q
Population 318,892,103 people 298.09 million Btu/capita
81.4% Urban 18.6% Rural CO2 Emissions 5,270 MMT (16.53 metric tons/capita)
Government Multiparty democracy, constitution- Energy Balance Imports 16.7 percent of the energy it
based federal republic consumes, mostly as petroleum.
Language English Resources The U.S. is rich in energy resources.
There are vast deposits of coal. There
are abundant petroleum and natural
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars gas reserves, especially in Alaska and
offshore. There is also the potential
to increase energy production from
Literacy Rate 99% geothermal, hydropower, solar,
biomass, and wind.
Climate The United States has a broad range
of climates. The interior north and Environmental Concerns Many urban areas suffer from air
Alaska can have severe winters and pollution, caused mainly from
cool summers. The south is generally vehicle use. Being a large carbon
hot in the summer, the east is humid, dioxide emitter from burning fossil
and the west is dry. fuels, global climate change is of
great concern. However, there is
Electricity Generation* Hydropower 7.6%
opposition to increasing the use of
Fossil Fuels 76.3%
nuclear power to reduce fossil fuel
Nuclear 9.8% consumption. Offshore drilling for
Other Renewables 6.2% petroleum is monitored carefully for
*Due to independent rounding, total does not add to 100%. its environmental impact. There is
increasing emphasis on renewable
energy, conservation, and recycling.
Canada People in western states must

manage limited freshwater resources.

Slightly larger than the U.S. 383.35 million Btu/capita
Population 34,834,841 people
81.6% Urban 18.4% Rural
Energy Balance Exports 30.2 percent of the energy it
Government A parliamentary democracy, a produces.
federation, and a constitutional
monarchy
Resources Canada is a world leading exporter
of forest products and producer of
Language English and French uranium. It has vast coal, hydropower,
and natural gas reserves. Canada also
has vast oil reserves, including the
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars Alberta Tar Sands. Additional oil and
gas are thought to exist in the Arctic
regions. Oil and gas are exported to
Literacy Rate 99% the U.S. It is also a major producer of
hydropower.
Climate Canada, the world’s second-largest
country, takes up the northern part Environmental Concerns Ozone depletion is a major concern
of the continent. Its climate ranges along with air pollution from industry
from polar in the north to cool in the and vehicle emissions. Acid rain is
south, with the interior colder than causing damage to lakes and forests.
the coastal areas.
Electricity Generation Hydropower 54.1%
Fossil Fuels 31.3%
Nuclear 9.1%
Other Renewables 5.5%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Cuba
Continent North American island country Energy Production Total 0 .165 Q
Size 110,859 square kilometers Energy Consumption Total 0.395 Q
Slightly smaller than Pennsylvania 35.76 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Imports about 58 percent of the
Government Communist state energy it consumes.
Language Spanish Resources Cuba’s major resource is sugar. It also
has mineral deposits and petroleum
reserves that it is beginning
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars to develop. It has chronic fuel
Transportation 21 cars per 1,000 people deficiencies and trades petroleum
from Venezuela for services of
Literacy Rate 99.8%
Cuban medical personnel.
Climate Cuba’s sub-tropical climate is hot—
Environmental Concerns Cuba’s main concern has been
very hot in the summer. There is
deforestation for fuel, and the
plentiful rainfall in the mountains
resulting loss of biodiversity. Air and
and to the north, but very little in
water pollution are also concerns.
the south.
Fossil Fuels 98.8%
Greenland
Continent North American island Energy Production Total 0Q
Size 2,166,086 square kilometers total Energy Consumption Total .015 Q
410,449 square kilometers of land area 259.84 million Btu/capita
About three times the size of Texas
Population 57,728 people
Energy Balance Imports all of the energy it consumes.
Government Parliamentary democracy within a Resources Fishing and fish processing are the
key industries. However, mining is an
constitutional monarchy
increasing part of the economy.
Language Danish and Greenlandic (East Inuit)
Environmental Concerns A depletion of fishing stock is a
Gross Domestic Product $38,400 concern. Also, ensuring the protection
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars of the Artic environment.
Transportation No data available
Literacy Rate 100%
Climate The climate is polar. All but the narrow,
rocky costal areas are covered by polar
ice cap.
Electricity Generation Fossil Fuels 100%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Guatemala
Continent North America (Central America) Energy Production Total 0.082 Q
Slightly smaller than Tennessee 16.52 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Imports 66.1 percent of the energy
Government Constitutional democratic republic it consumes.
Language Spanish Resources Guatemala has large oil reserves
and hydropower potential that
have not been exploited. Most
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars of its electricity comes from one
Transportation 37 cars per 1,000 people hydropower plant that has been
shut down on occasion because of
Literacy Rate 78.3%
lack of rain. Agriculture is a large
Climate The coastal regions are tropical income source.
(average temperature 28 degrees
Celsius) with more temperate Environmental Concerns More than half of its forests have
been destroyed. Soil erosion and
climate in the mountains of the
water pollution are problems.
interior.
Fossil Fuels 55.8%
Haiti
Continent North American island country Energy Production Total 0.002 Q
(Central America)
Size 27,749 square kilometers
Slightly smaller than Maryland
57.4% Urban 42.6% Rural Energy Balance Imports 93.3 percent of the energy
it consumes.
Government Republic
Resources Haiti has few energy resources
Language French and Creole except hydropower.
Gross Domestic Product $1,800 Environmental Concerns Most of its forest land is gone and
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars much of its soil is eroded—it is
one of the most environmentally
damaged countries in the world.
Literacy Rate 48.7% Lack of safe drinking water is a
problem.
Climate Haiti’s climate is tropical equatorial/
oceanic with less humidity than
average in the Caribbean.
Fossil Fuels 77.3%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Mexico
Slightly less than three times the size of 64.46 million Btu/capita
Texas
79.0% Urban 21.0% Rural Energy Balance Exports 11 percent of the energy it
produces.
Government Federal republic
Resources Mexico has vast undeveloped coal
Language Spanish and hydro resources as well as large
reserves of petroleum and natural
gas. It is one of the largest producers
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars of oil, most of which comes from
Transportation 167 cars per 1,000 people offshore wells in the Gulf of Mexico.
Literacy Rate 94.2% Environmental Concerns The government considers the lack
of clean water and deforestation to
Climate The Pacific coast areas are tropical,
be national security issues. Serious
while the interior mountains and
central plateau are warm and very air and water pollution surrounds
dry. Mexico City, a large metropolitan
area.
Fossil Fuels 75.7%
Nuclear 2.1%
*Due to independent rounding, total does not add to 100%.
Panama
Continent North America (Central America) Energy Production Total 0.051 Q
Slightly smaller than South Carolina 71.58 million Btu/capita
Government Constitutional democracy it consumes.
Language Spanish Resources Panama has large deposits of copper.
It has great hydropower potential
and is pushing development of
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars hydropower plants to reduce
Transportation 131 cars per 1,000 people dependence on oil imports. It has
large areas of rain forests.
Literacy Rate 94.1%
Environmental Concerns The rain forest is being destroyed
Climate Panama has a tropical climate—hot
at alarming rates, resulting in soil
and humid with more rain in the
erosion. There is also concern over
north than south.
pollution from copper mining.
Electricity Generation Hydro 56.5%
Fossil Fuels 43.5%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Argentina
Continent South America Energy Production Total 3.115 Q
Slightly smaller than 3/10 the size of 85.18 million Btu/capita
the U.S.
CO2 Emissions 196 MMT (4.56 metric tons/capita)
Energy Balance Imports 15% of the energy it
91.6% Urban 8.4% Rural consumes.
Government Republic Resources Argentina has a wealth of natural
Language Spanish resources, many not yet developed.
Known resources include
Gross Domestic Product $22,100 hydropower, oil, natural gas, coal,
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars iron, zinc, lead, and uranium. Nuclear
Transportation 170 cars per 1,000 people energy has been encouraged and
oil and gas exploration is increasing.
Literacy Rate 97.9%
Environmental Concerns Argentina has typical environmental
Climate Argentina makes up most of the concerns for an industrialized
southern half of South America. country, including deforestation
The northeast is sub-tropical, the and air and water pollution. It is a
mountains in the north are dry, and world leader in setting voluntary
the south is snowy. There is desert greenhouse gas emission reduction
in the western lowlands, while the targets.
plains have a temperate climate
with heavy rain in the summer.
Fossil Fuels 68.3%
Nuclear 2.9%
Brazil
Continent South America Electricity Generation* Hydropower 69.3%
Fossil Fuels 18.8%
Size 8,515,770 square kilometers
Nuclear 1.6%
Slightly smaller than the United States Other Renewables 10.4%
Language Portuguese
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars it consumes.
Transportation 147 cars per 1,000 people Resources Brazil has large reserves of coal,
oil, and uranium. It has plans to
Literacy Rate 91.3%
build additional power plants.
Climate Half of Brazil is in the Amazon Basin— Hydropower development has been
the world’s largest rain forest. The successful and has great potential.
climate here is hot and wet all year Brazil is the second largest producer
round. Most of the rest of Brazil is of ethanol in the world.
a plateau, where the temperature
varies greatly throughout the year, Environmental Concerns The biggest concern has been
destruction of the rain forest due to
with cool winters and hot summers.
expanded agriculture. Urban and
industrial pollution are also major
problems.
COUNTRY PROFILE
Chile
Slightly smaller than twice the size of 81.72 million Btu/capita
Montana
it consumes.
Government Republic
Resources Chile is the world’s most important
Language Spanish copper producer and also produces
a large amount of gold. It has
reserves of natural gas, petroleum,
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars and coal, as well as hydropower
Transportation 103 cars per 1,000 people potential.
Literacy Rate 98.6% Environmental Concerns The environment is not well
protected in Chile. The major
Climate Because of its shape, Chile has a
concerns are smog in cities and
varied climate. The north has the
world’s driest desert, and is cool for logging in the south. Water
its latitude. The central regions have pollution from untreated sewage is
mild winters and hot, dry summers. also a problem.
The Andes have an alpine climate
with glaciers and year-round snow.
The south is usually rainy and wet.
Fossil Fuels 60.6%
Colombia
Slightly less than twice the size of 33.41 million Btu/capita
Texas
76.2% Urban 23.8% Rural Energy Balance Exports 71.1 percent of the energy
it produces.
Government Republic
Resources Large petroleum and coal deposits
Language Spanish and well developed hydropower
make Colombia self-sufficient in
terms of energy. It also has reserves
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars of natural gas and gold. It exports
Transportation 38 cars per 1,000 people coal to Europe and the U.S., and
Literacy Rate 93.6% produces a majority of the world’s
emeralds.
Climate The interior lowlands and coastal
regions are hot with abundant rain, Environmental Concerns Deforestation, pollution in rivers
while the mountainous regions and soil from overuse of pesticides,
of the Andes are temperate with combined with air pollution
seasonal variations. from vehicle emissions are rising
concerns.
Fossil Fuels 32.4%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Ecuador
Slightly smaller than Nevada 40.88 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Exports 48.7% of the energy it
Government Republic produces.
Language Spanish Resources Ecuador has an abundance of oil. It
also has great hydropower potential.
Ecuador is a large net exporter of
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars petroleum and its economy is fairly
Transportation 38 cars per 1,000 people dependent on its earnings.
Literacy Rate 93.3% Environmental Concerns Drilling for oil in the Amazon is
disturbing the habitat of nomadic
Climate The climate is hot in the lowlands
tribes that have had no contact
and mild in the mountains.
with civilization. Tourism in the
Electricity Generation* Hydropower 42.0% Galapagos Islands has severely
Fossil Fuels 56.0% damaged the ecosystem.
Other renewables 1.9%
Peru
Slightly smaller than Alaska 36.25 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Imports 7.5% of the energy it
Government Constitutional republic produces.
Language Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara Resources Peru has large, untapped oil reserves
that are now being explored. Peru
opened its first liquefied natural gas
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars (LNG) plant and exports natural gas.
Environmental Concerns There is concern that industrial
Literacy Rate 93.8% pollution is damaging the
coastal fishing industry, and that
Climate Peru is located just south of the
widespread spraying of chemicals
Equator, but has many different
to destroy cocoa plants (used to
climates. The coastal region is
make cocaine) is polluting the rivers.
mostly desert, with low clouds and
fog causing cool winters. The slopes
of the Andes have a wide range of
temperatures, while the tropical
Amazon Basin receives year-round
rain.
Electricity Generation Hydropower 40.4 %
Fossil Fuels 59.6 %
COUNTRY PROFILE
Venezuela
Slightly more than twice the size of 116.53 million Btu/capita
California
88.9% Urban 11.1% Rural Energy Balance Exports 53.6 percent of the energy
it produces.
Resources Petroleum is the most important
Language Spanish resource to the economy. Venezuela
also has large reserves of coal,
bauxite (aluminum ore), iron, and
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars gold. It has enormous hydropower
Transportation 107 cars per 1,000 people potential.
Literacy Rate 95.5% Environmental Concerns The destruction of the rain forest
and oil pollution of Lake Maracaibo
Climate The coast is very hot and dry. The
are major concerns. Also of concern
plains alternate between flooding
and drought, while the highlands to is urban and industrial pollution
the south are cold. along the Caribbean coast.

Fossil Fuels 35.7%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Algeria
Continent Africa Energy Production Total 7.198 Q
Slightly less than 3.5 times the size of 57.58 million Btu/capita
Texas
Energy Balance Exports 68.9 percent of the energy
it produces.
Government Republic
Resources Algeria has large reserves of
Language Arabic petroleum, uranium, and natural
gas. It exports natural gas to Europe
and to the U.S. Algeria must import
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars food and grain.
Environmental Concerns Desert land is expanding because of
Literacy Rate 72.6% stripping of vegetation for firewood
and animal stock. Rivers are
Climate The coastal climate is temperate.
polluted from petroleum refining
South of the Atlas Mountains, the
and industrial and sewage wastes.
rest of the country is desert.
Fossil Fuels 98.0%
Cameroon
Slightly larger than California 4.76 million Btu/capita
Government Republic, multiparty presidential it produces.
regime
Resources Cameroon has oil and natural
Language English and French gas resources as well as bauxite
(aluminum ore). Timber is a major
export, along with agricultural
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars products.
Environmental Concerns Deforestation, overgrazing, and
Literacy Rate 71.3% overfishing are all concerns.
Waterborne diseases are abundant.
Climate The coast is tropical with semi-arid
portions and the north is hot and
dry.
Fossil Fuels 28.6%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Slightly larger than New Mexico 5.30 million Btu/capita
Government Republic, multiparty presidential it produces.
regime
Resources Cote d’Ivoire has significant
Language French offshore reserves of petroleum
and natural gas, but they are
un derdeveloped. The potential
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars for hydropower is abundant.
Transportation 7 cars per 1,000 people Much of the interior is forested.
Literacy Rate 41% Cote d’Ivoire is the world’s largest
producer and exporter of cocoa
Climate Located just above the Equator, the beans.
average temperature is nearly 27.5
degrees Celsius. The coastal areas Environmental Concerns Deforestation due to overuse
have two rainy and one dry season, and export of timber is the main
while the inland north has a small concern. Water pollution from
amount of rain year round. industry, agriculture, and untreated
sewage is also a concern.
Fossil Fuels 60.3%
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Slightly less than one-quarter the size 1.36 million Btu/capita
of the U.S.
42% Urban 58% Rural
it produces.
Government Republic
Resources The DRC has immense natural
Language French resources, especially minerals, oil,
and hydropower potential. Sixty
Gross Domestic Product $700
percent of the DRC is covered with
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars rain forest. It also has reserves of
Transportation 15 cars per 1,000 people uranium. Its hydropower potential,
if developed, could supply much of
Literacy Rate 61.2%
Africa. Mismanagement has made
Climate The Democratic Republic of the DRC one of the world’s poorest
the Congo (DRC) has a tropical countries, but it could be one of
climate—warm and humid with Africa’s richest.
little change throughout the year.
Average temperature is 25 degrees Environmental Concerns The DRC’s rain forest contains 50
percent of Africa’s woodlands.
Celsius; average rainfall is 150-230
Because of poor transportation,
centimeters.
major industrial destruction of the
Electricity Generation Hydropower 98.6% woodlands has not begun, but
Fossil Fuels 1.4% much is being used for firewood.
The environmental impact of the
mining industry is a concern.
COUNTRY PROFILE
Egypt
Slightly more than three times the size 40.74 million Btu/capita
of New Mexico
43.1% Urban 56.9% Rural Energy Balance Exports 7.1 percent of the energy it
produces.
Government Republic
Resources Egypt has large reserves of oil and
Language Arabic natural gas, as well as uranium. Most
of the oil production is consumed
locally. Egypt’s Aswan Dam provides
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars most of the hydroelectric power,
Transportation 33 cars per 1,000 people and natural gas provides most of
Literacy Rate 73.9% the thermal production.
Climate Egypt is mostly desert, except for Environmental Concerns There are chronic water shortages
the area in the Nile Valley. Summers in most of Egypt. The damming
are very hot, winters cooler, with of the Nile to produce electricity
significant rainfall only in winter contributes to the shortage. Heavy
along the Mediterranean coast. industrial pollution and rapid
growth in population are major
Electricity Generation Hydropower 8.0% concerns.
Fossil Fuels 90.0%
Ethiopia
Texas
19% Urban 81% Rural Energy Balance Imports 63.4 percent of the energy
it consumes.
Resources Ethiopia has potential natural gas
Language Amarigna, English, and Arabic reserves, but they have not been
explored. It also has great potential
for hydropower. The main energy
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars sources for most people are still
Transportation 1 car per 1,000 people firewood and dung.
Literacy Rate 39% Environmental Concerns Erosion from destruction of forests
for firewood and overgrazing. Poor
Climate Climate is temperate in the
water management practices cause
mountain regions, which make
up most of Ethiopia. The west has shortages.
plentiful rainfall. The desert areas
of the northeast and southeast
are very hot and dry with frequent
drought.
Fossil Fuels 9.6%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Kenya
Nevada
it consumes, mostly petroleum.
Government Republic
Resources Kenya may have petroleum
Language Kiswahili and English reserves in its South Lokichar basin;
exploration is currently underway.
Kenya produces electricity from
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars geothermal energy, with installed
Transportation 15 cars per 1,000 people people capacity of about 580 megawatts,
Literacy Rate 72.2% and the potential to produce 10,000
megawatts from this resource.
Climate The coast and the Great Rift Valley Currently most petroleum used in
are hot and humid, the interior Kenya is imported.
plateau region is temperate, and the
desert in the northeast is hot and Environmental Concerns Kenya has an important wildlife
dry. tourist trade, so emphasis on
environmental stewardship has
Electricity Generation Hydropower 44.0% begun to grow. Water pollution from
Fossil Fuels 37.0% urban, industrial, and agricultural
Other Renewables 19.0% wastes is a concern.
Libya
Slightly larger than Alaska 111.30 million Btu/capita
Government Operates under a transitional it produces, mostly petroleum and
government natural gas.
Language Arabic Resources Libya has large petroleum and
natural gas reserves. Water is scarce.
Libya imports about 80 percent of
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars its food.
Environmental Concerns Most of Libya is desert wasteland.
Literacy Rate 89.9% The major concern is limited water
supply that is poorly managed.
Climate Libya’s climate is mostly hot desert
except for on the coast, which has a
warm temperate climate with mild,
wet winters and hot, dry summers.

COUNTRY PROFILE
Nigeria
California
it produces.
Resources Nigeria is rich in energy resources
Language English with large deposits of petroleum,
natural gas, and coal. Biomass is
used in rural areas for cooking and
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars heating.
Transportation 31 cars per 1,000 people Environmental Concerns Pollution, especially from the oil
industry, is a major concern. Rapid
Literacy Rate 51.1%
deforestation is leading to soil
Climate The desert north is very hot and degradation and desertification.
dry with only one rainy season; the
south is hot, rainy, and humid most
of the year. The highlands are more
temperate.
Fossil Fuels 67.1%
South Africa
Texas
Population 48,375,645 people Energy Balance Exports 9.8 percent of the energy it
produces.
Resources South Africa is rich in natural
Government Republic resources, especially minerals. It
Language 11 official languages, including is a world leader in production of
English and Afrikaans gold and diamonds, and has huge
coal and uranium reserves, but little
petroleum. Most of the electricity
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars produced is from coal-fired plants.
Transportation 108 cars per 1,000 people Coal and natural gas are used to
make synthetic gasoline. Many of
Literacy Rate 93.7%
the rural parts of the country have
Climate The temperate climate is dry, with no electricity. Solar power is being
drought as a constant threat. developed.
Environmental Concerns The majority of concerns center on
Electricity Generation Hydropower 1.5% water—demand out-pacing supply,
Fossil Fuels 93.6% pollution from agricultural and
Nuclear 4.3% urban sources, and lack of extensive
Other Renewables 0.6% water conservation and control
measures.
COUNTRY PROFILE
Belarus
Continent Europe Energy Production Total 0.074 Q
Slightly smaller than Kansas 123.23million Btu/capita
Government Republic it consumes, mostly from Russia as
coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Language Belarusian and Russian
Gross Domestic Product $18,200 Resources Belarus has very few energy
resources, just small reserves of
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars petroleum and natural gas. Peat is
Transportation 240 cars per 1,000 people the major mineral resource.
Literacy Rate 99.7% Environmental Concerns The southern part of the country
was contaminated by radioactive
Climate The climate is cool and moist in the
fallout from the Chernobyl disaster
summer and very cold in the winter.
in neighboring Ukraine. Many
Electricity Generation Hydropower 0.2% people continue to get sick from
Fossil Fuels 99.7% radioactivity. Much of the land and
Other Renewables 0.1% water remains contaminated.
Czech Republic
Slightly smaller than South Carolina 147.92 million Btu/capita
73% Urban 27% Rural
Government Parliamentary democracy it consumes, mostly oil and natural
gas, and exports low-Btu coal.
Language Czech
Gross Domestic Product $28,400 Resources The Czech Republic has petroleum,
natural gas, coal, and uranium
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars resources.
Environmental Concerns Air and water pollution in specific
Literacy Rate 99% regions present health risks. Acid
rain is damaging forests.
Climate The climate is a moderate
continental climate with cool
summers and cold, cloudy winters.
Fossil Fuels 63.6%
Nuclear 19.7%

COUNTRY PROFILE
France
Slightly less than the size of Texas 161.40 million Btu/capita
Government Republic it consumes.
Language French Resources France is the world’s most dedicated
user of nuclear power. It is not a
major oil or gas producer. It is a
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars leader in high-speed train and
Transportation 498 cars per 1,000 people airplane technology. Tourism is a
major part of the economy.
Literacy Rate 99%
Environmental Concerns France has instituted strict
Climate France has a varied climate—hot in
anti-pollution laws and is
the east, wet in the northwest, and
environmentally active, but air
dry in the south.
pollution from industrial and
Electricity Generation* Hydropower 14.9% vehicle emissions as well as water
Fossil Fuels 24.7% pollution are still concerns. Acid rain
Nuclear 51.2% has caused damage to forests.
Germany
Slightly smaller than Montana 166.25 million Btu/capita
Government Federal republic it consumes.
Language German Resources Germany has few energy resources,
with small reserves of coal,
petroleum, and natural gas. It
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars imports most of the oil and about
Transportation 566 cars per 1,000 people half of the gas it uses. They are
phasing out their nuclear power and
Literacy Rate 99%
increasing renewable resources. It is
Climate The climate is temperate. Winters one of the world’s leading users of
and summers are both cool, cloudy, wind and solar power.
and wet.
Environmental Concerns Germany has strong pollution
Electricity Generation Hydropower 6.0% controls, but air pollution from
Fossil Fuels 51.0% power plants and industries remain
Nuclear 7.0% a concern. Acid rain has caused
Other Renewables 36.0% damage to forests.
COUNTRY PROFILE
Greece
Slightly smaller than Alabama 113.68 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Imports 66.7 percent of the energy it
Government Parliamentary republic consumes.
Language Greek Resources Greece has small reserves of coal.
There is hydropower potential in
some areas.
Environmental Concerns Air and water pollution are major
Transportation 429 cars per 1,000 people concerns. Heavy smog around
Literacy Rate 97.7% Athens has damaged many of the
oldest Greek monuments. Local
Climate The climate in Greece varies—the
fishermen are working to prevent
mountains in the north are very cold
pollution of local waters.
and the islands in the south are sub-
tropical.
Fossil Fuels 70.4%
Iceland
Continent European island Energy Production Total 0.166 Q
Slightly smaller than Kentucky 652.27 million Btu/capita
Population 317,351 people
CO2 Emissions 3.505 MMT (11.04 metric tons/
93.7% Urban 6.3% Rural capita)
Government Constitutional republic Energy Balance Imports 19.8 percent of the energy it
consumes, mostly for transportation
Language Icelandic and English
fuels.
Resources Iceland has no mineral resources,
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars but abundant hydropower
Transportation 667 cars per 1,000 people and geothermal resources that
produce all of its electricity. Heat
Literacy Rate 99%
from geothermal plants is nearly
Climate Summers are damp and cool, free. Transportation fuels must
winters are windy but mild. be imported. Fishing is the main
Electricity Generation Hydropower 70.6% industry.
Fossil Fuels 4.5% Environmental Concerns Depletion of fish stock is a concern.
Other Renewables 24.9% Water pollution from agriculture is
also an issue.

COUNTRY PROFILE
Italy
Slightly larger than Arizona 116.31 million Btu/capita
Government Republic it consumes, mostly natural gas and
petroleum.
Language Italian
Gross Domestic Product $34,500 Resources Italy has few energy resources.
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars Environmental Concerns Environmental priorities are high
and there are laws to protect the
environment. Most concerns are
Literacy Rate 99.2% related to industry—emissions
causing air pollution, effluents
Climate Italy has a mediterranean climate in
causing water pollution, and
the south, and moderate climate in
the north. Summers are hot and dry, inadequate waste treatment and
winters are cold and snowy in the disposal.
mountainous north, and milder in
the south.
Fossil Fuels 66.3%
Norway
Government Constitutional monarchy it produces, mostly petroleum and
natural gas.
Language Norwegian
Gross Domestic Product $65,900 Resources Norway has large petroleum, natural
gas, and hydropower reserves.
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars Norway is Europe’s largest energy
Transportation 458 cars per 1,000 people exporter. Timber, mineral deposits,
and abundant fishing are also
Literacy Rate 100%
resources.
Climate Norway’s west coast is warmer than
Environmental Concerns Environmental priorities are high.
the rest of the country because
Acid rain is causing damage to both
of the effect of the North Atlantic
forests and fish stocks. Air pollution
Current, however, their climate is still
from vehicle emissions is a concern.
subarctic.
Fossil Fuels 4.6%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Poland
Slightly smaller than New Mexico 101.84 million Btu/capita
Government Republic it consumes.
Language Polish Resources Natural gas and coal are Poland’s
major energy resources. Several
types of metals and minerals are
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars also resources.
Environmental Concerns Environmental priorities are
Literacy Rate 99.8% growing. Urban and industrial
pollution are major concerns, as
Climate Poland has a continental climate
well as water pollution. Acid rain has
with wet and mild summers, and
caused forest damage.
very cold winters.
Fossil Fuels 91.5%
Spain
Oregon
Population 47,737,941
it consumes.
Government Parliamentary monarchy
Resources Spain lacks abundant natural
Language Castillian Spanish resources. It has some reserves of
coal, petroleum, and uranium, with
access to some hydropower. Spain
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars must import most of its oil and gas.
Environmental Concerns Water pollution from the offshore
Literacy Rate 98.1% oil and gas industry is a concern. Air
pollution and deforestation are also
Climate The coasts are mild, while the
issues.
interior plateau has clear, hot
summers and cloudy, cold winters.
Fossil Fuels 43.0%
Nuclear 7.7%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Sweden
Slightly larger than California 226.56 million Btu/capita
Government Constitutional monarchy it consumes.
Language Swedish Resources Sweden has giant forests and rich
deposits of minerals and uranium,
but little coal, oil, or natural gas.
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars Timber, hydropower, and iron ore
Transportation 465 cars per 1,000 people are major resources.
Literacy Rate 99% Environmental Concerns Swedes give environmental
concerns high priority. Acid rain
Climate Sweden has cool summers, and the
from other European countries
east is much colder than the west in
is polluting lakes and damaging
the winter.
forests.
Fossil Fuels 7.1%
Nuclear 26.5%
Switzerland
Slightly less than twice the size of New 158.03 million Btu/capita
Jersey
it consumes, mostly petroleum and
Government Formally a confederation but similar natural gas.
in structure to a federal republic
Resources Switzerland has few energy
Language French, German, Italian, and resources, except for water, which
Romansch provides three quarters of its
Gross Domestic Product $55,200 electricity. Timber is a natural
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars resource.
Transportation 524 cars per 1,000 people Environmental Concerns Environmental issues are a very high
priority in Switzerland. Air pollution
Literacy Rate 99% from vehicle emissions is a concern.
Climate Switzerland has a mountainous Acid rain and water pollution are
continental climate with wide also issues.
fluctuations because of the varied
elevations of the Alps. South of
the Alps it is generally warmer and
sunnier.
Fossil Fuels 3.0%
Nuclear 17.9%
COUNTRY PROFILE
United Kingdom
Slightly smaller than Oregon 116.38 million Btu/capita
Government Constitutional monarchy and it consumes.
commonwealth realm
Resources The U.K. has the largest energy
Language English resources of any European country.
It has large oil and gas reserves
offshore and abundant coal. It
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars plans to increase the use of nuclear
Transportation 463 cars per 1,000 people energy to help meet demands. The
Literacy Rate 99% U.K. also uses wind power.
Climate The U.K. has a mild, temperate Environmental Concerns The U.K. is a leader in reducing
climate that changes with the greenhouse gas emissions. It also
seasons. The U.K. has rain year has reduced levels of industrial,
round. commercial, and household wastes.

Fossil Fuels 76.0%
Nuclear 11.2%

COUNTRY PROFILE
China
Continent Asia Energy Production Total 101.781 Q
Slightly smaller than the U.S. 78.10 million Btu/capita
Population 1,355,692,576 people
CO2 Emissions 10,000.0 MMT (7.38 metric tons/
Government Communist state Energy Balance Imports 3.9 percent of the energy it
consumes, mostly oil.
Language Mandarin, Mongolian, Uighur, and
Tibetan Resources China has vast energy resources. It
is the world’s largest producer and
consumer of coal. China was an
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars exporter of petroleum in the past,
Transportation 50 cars per 1,000 people but known fields are becoming
depleted and offshore reserves are
Literacy Rate 96.4%
not yet productive. It has increased
Climate The north and west regions of China both its production and its
are arid with major temperature consumption of natural gas. China
variations. The south and southeast has the world’s largest hydropower
regions are warm and humid with potential.
year-round rainfall.
Environmental Concerns Of major concern is air pollution
Electricity Generation Hydropower 22.5% due to coal use. Water pollution and
Fossil Fuels 69.1% water shortages are also issues.
Nuclear 1.2%
Democratic People’s Rublic of Korea (North Korea)

Slightly smaller than Mississippi 33.48 million Btu/capita
Government Communist state one-man it produces.
dictatorship
Resources North Korea has coal and uranium
Language Korean deposits and some mineral
resources. It has begun a politically
controversial nuclear program.
Environmental Concerns Water pollution, inadequate
Transportation No data available
supplies of safe drinking water,
Literacy Rate 100% and waterborne diseases are major
concerns. Deforestation and soil
Climate North Korea has a temperate climate
erosion are also problems.
with four seasons; its winters are dry
and cold, and its summers are hot
and humid.
Fossil Fuels 47.4%
COUNTRY PROFILE
India
Slightly more than one-third the size 19.34 million Btu/capita
of the U.S.
CO2 Emissions 1,831.0 MMT (1.48 metric tons/
Population 1,236,344,631 people capita)
Government Federal republic it consumes, mostly coal and
petroleum.
Language Hindi, English, and 14 other official
languages Resources India has large reserves of coal and
hydropower potential, but cannot
meet the demand for electric power.
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars Recently natural gas reserves have
Transportation 13 cars per 1,000 people been discovered, but India plans to
continue using imported gas. About
Literacy Rate 71.2%
836 million people rely on biomass
Climate The north is very hot in summer, and for cooking.
temperate in winter. The south has
lesser extremes. The country is very Environmental Concerns There is widespread soil erosion
because of deforestation. Tap water
dry except for monsoons in summer.
is not safe to drink throughout
Electricity Generation Hydropower 17.7% the country. Natural resources are
Fossil Fuels 67.9% strained due to the large population.
Nuclear 2.1%
Indonesia
Continent Southeast Asia Energy Production Total 16.282 Q
Slightly less than three times the size 25.33 million Btu/capita
of Texas
53% Urban 47% Rural Energy Balance Exports 60.5 percent of the energy
it produces, mostly liquefied natural
Government Republic
gas.
Language Bahasa Indonesia
Resources Indonesia has many energy
Gross Domestic Product $10,200 resources, including fossil fuels,
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars geothermal resources, and
hydropower potential. Known oil
resources are becoming depleted,
Literacy Rate 93.9% but it is a leading exporter in both
coal and natural gas.
Climate The climate is predominantly
tropical, with slight variations due Environmental Concerns Environmental priorities are low. The
to latitude. biggest concerns are exploitation of
the tropical forests and urban and
industrial pollution.
Fossil Fuels 84.7%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Islamic Republic of Iran

Continent Asia (Middle East) Energy Production Total 13.644 Q
Slightly smaller than Alaska 119.31 million Btu/capita
Government Theocratic republic produces, mostly petroleum.
Language Persian Resources Iran has large oil and natural gas
reserves, as well as coal, metals, and
salt. It is a leading world producer
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars and exporter of oil.
Environmental Concerns Environmental issues are not a major
Literacy Rate 86.8% concern, yet urban air quality is poor.
Pollution from oil in the Persian Gulf,
Climate Most of the country is desert except
inadequate supplies of safe drinking
around the Caspian Sea, where it is
water, and deforestation are also
temperate.
concerns.
Fossil Fuels 86.5%
Israel
Slightly larger than New Jersey 133.47 million Btu/capita
Energy Balance Imports 90.9 percent of the energy it
Government Parliamentary democracy
consumes.
Language Hebrew and Arabic
Resources Israel has few energy resources,
Gross Domestic Product $33,400 but natural gas fields were recently
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars discovered.
Transportation 251 cars per 1,000 people Environmental Concerns Since there are limited freshwater
resources, groundwater pollution
Literacy Rate 97.8% from industry, agriculture, and
Climate The climate includes hot desert and domestic wastes is a concern.
Mediterranean conditions, which
have hot, dry summers and wet,
mild winters.
Electricity Generation* Fossil Fuels 97.4%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Japan
Continent Asian island Energy Production Total 1.568 Q
Slightly smaller than California 159.76 million Btu/capita
CO2 Emissions 1,276 MMT (10.04 metric tons/
93% Urban 7% Rural capita)
Government Parliamentary government with a Energy Balance Imports 92.3 percent of the energy it
constitutional monarchy consumes.
Language Japanese Resources Japan has few natural resources,
besides hydropower potential. It is
the world’s largest importer of LNG,
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars second largest importer coal, and
Transportation 463 cars per 1,000 people third largest importer of oil.
Railroads are the most important Environmental Concerns Japan has a strong reverence for
mode of transportation nature. Environmental concerns
are a high priority, but air pollution
Literacy Rate 99%
and acid rain are still issues. Japan
Climate The climate is hot, wet, and muggy had previously been among the
in the summer, cool in winter. top nuclear generation nations, but
Mountainous areas to the north stay following the Fukushima incident
cooler and have snow in winter. they cut off nuclear generation for
Electricity Generation Hydropower 8.5% environmental concerns.
Fossil Fuels 87.0%
Nuclear 0.5%
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Slightly more than one-fifth of the U.S. 340.60 million Btu/capita
Government Monarchy Energy Balance Exports 66.3 percent of the energy it
produces, all of it petroleum.
Language Arabic
Resources Saudi Arabia has the world’s second
Gross Domestic Product $52,800 largest reserve of petroleum and
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars the fifth largest of natural gas. Its
Transportation 415 cars per 1,000 people economy is based on the export of
petroleum.
Literacy Rate 94.7%
Environmental Concerns Industrial pollution of water is a
Climate The climate is very hot in the major concern. There has been
summer, and cool in the winter. little environmental control until
Only the far south receives sufficient recently, when the government
rainfall. has begun trying to limit industrial
Electricity Generation Fossil Fuels 100% development to specific areas. Lack
of available fresh water is also a
problem.

COUNTRY PROFILE
Kuwait
Slightly smaller than New Jersey 576.07 million Btu/capita
Government Constitutional emirate Energy Balance Exports 75.7 percent of the energy it
produces, all petroleum.
Language Arabic
Resources Kuwait has large reserves of
Gross Domestic Product $71,000 petroleum and natural gas. Demand
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars for electricity has grown faster than
Transportation 282 cars per 1,000 people supply, and rolling blackouts are
common.
Literacy Rate 96.3%
Environmental Concerns Lack of fresh water is a major
Climate Arid desert with extremely hot concern, but sophisticated
summers, cooler winters. desalination plants provide most
of the water. Desertification and
air and water pollution are also
concerns.
Oman
Slightly smaller than Kansas 318.97 million Btu/capita
Government Monarchy Energy Balance Exports 66.2 percent of the energy it
produces, mostly petroleum.
Language Arabic
Resources Oman has large deposits of
Gross Domestic Product $44,100 petroleum and natural gas.
Environmental Concerns Water is scarce. Coastal pollution
Transportation 174 cars per 1,000 people from oil spills and an increase in soil
salinity are also concerns.
Literacy Rate 91.1%
Climate Oman’s climate is dry and desert-
like along the coast and it is hot and
dry in the interior.
COUNTRY PROFILE
Pakistan
California
38.3% Urban 61.7% Rural Energy Balance Imports 31.6 percent of the energy it
consumes, mostly petroleum.
Resources Pakistan has petroleum, coal, natural
Language Urdu, Panjabi, and English gas, and hydropower resources.
Exploration for oil and gas has
begun. Pakistan recently expanded
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars its nuclear power capacity.
Environmental Concerns As most of the population does not
Literacy Rate 57.9% have access to safe drinking water,
pollution from industry, agriculture,
Climate Most of the country is hot desert
and untreated sewage is a major
with a mountainous region to the
north. concern. Deforestation, soil erosion,
and desertification are also concerns.
Fossil Fuels 68.0%
Nuclear 3.3%
Republic of Korea (South Korea)

Slightly larger than Indiana 234.91 million Btu/capita
Government Republic Energy Balance Imports 86.5 percent of the energy
it consumes, mostly petroleum and
Language Korean and English
natural gas.
Resources South Korea has few energy
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars resources. It depends on nuclear
Transportation 300 cars per 1,000 people power for much of its electricity
production and imports coal,
Literacy Rate 97.9%
petroleum, and natural gas.
Climate South Korea has four seasons, with
Environmental Concerns Industrial and urban pollution is a
winters being dry and cold, and problem. Acid rain is also a concern.
summers that are hot and humid.
Fossil Fuels 72.4%
Nuclear 23.4%

COUNTRY PROFILE
Russia
Continent Asia and Europe Energy Production Total 55.296 Q
Almost twice the size of the U.S. 221.25 million Btu/capita
CO2 Emissions 1,782 MMT (12.51 metric tons/
Government Federation Energy Balance Exports 43.0 percent of the energy
it produces, mostly natural gas, coal,
Language Russian
and petroleum.
Resources Russia has vast reserves of
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars petroleum, natural gas, hydropower,
Transportation 259 cars per 1,000 people and coal. It is a world leader in
production of electricity. Many
Literacy Rate 99.7%
resources have not been developed.
Climate The climate consists of mainly warm
Environmental Concerns Air pollution from heavy industry,
summers and very cold winters with power plants, and vehicle emissions
variations by region. is a concern. There is major
Electricity Generation Hydropower 20.2% radioactive pollution in the Barents
Fossil Fuels 69.2% Sea and many rivers have severe
Nuclear 10.6% damage from industrial pollution.
Deforestation and urban solid waste
management are also concerns.
Turkey
Continent Asia (Middle East)/ Europe Energy Production Total 1.381Q
Slightly larger than Texas 61.92 million Btu/capita
Government Republican parliamentary it consumes, mostly petroleum and
democracy natural gas.
Language Turkish Resources Turkey has reserves of petroleum,
coal, and natural gas, as well as
hydropower resources. Dam-
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars building projects on the Tigris and
Transportation 88 cars per 1,000 people Euphrates rivers are controversial.
Literacy Rate 95% Environmental Concerns Water pollution from poor waste
management practices is a concern.
Climate Turkey’s coastal areas have a
Deforestation and urban air
Mediterranean climate; the interior
has hot, dry summers and cold, pollution are also concerns.
snowy winters.
Fossil Fuels 62.8%
COUNTRY PROFILE
Vietnam
33% Urban 67% Rural
Government Communist state produces.
Language Vietnamese Resources Vietnam has reserves of petroleum
and natural gas, as well as coal. It has
greater hydropower potential. It is
Per Capita in U.S. Dollars an exporter of oil, and its resources
Transportation 13 cars per 1,000 people could make it a powerful country, if
wisely developed.
Literacy Rate 94.5%
Environmental Concerns Soil erosion caused by deforestation
Climate The climate in the south is warm
is a major concern. Water
year round, while the north has
pollution and overfishing are also
cool winters. There are periods of
problems. Urban centers have poor
drought and flood.
environments due to industry and
Electricity Generation* Hydropower 45.0% large populations.
Fossil Fuels 55.0%

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Energy Around The World Activity

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20

Science Social Studies

Math Language Arts

Teacher Advisory Board sided energy education programs.

Shelly Baumann Barbara Lazar Teacher Advisory Board Statement

Robert Griegoliet Tom Spencer

Printed on Recycled Paper

2 Energy Around the World

The information in this

Next Generation Science Standards

Common Core State Standards

Individual State Science Standards

4 Energy Around the World

& Background Grade Levels

6 Energy Around the World

8 Energy Around the World

North America and Central America

10 Energy Around the World

Asia and the Middle East

12 Energy Around the World

North and Central America

ST. PIERRE AND

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

HAITI PUERTO RICO

COSTA RICA PANAMA

14 Energy Around the World

16 Energy Around the World

FAROE ISLANDS FINLAND

ATLANTIC GERMANY POLAND

Asia and the Middle East

THAILAND PARACEL PHILIPPINES

SRI LANKA SPRATLY

INDIAN OCEAN SINGAPORE

Energy Around the World

Canada People in western states must

Continent North America Energy Production Total 19.139 Q

20 Energy Around the World

*Due to independent rounding, total does not add to 100%.

22 Energy Around the World

Electricity Generation Hydropower 64.3%

26 Energy Around the World

*Due to independent rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

30 Energy Around the World

32 Energy Around the World

34 Energy Around the World

36 Energy Around the World

Electricity Generation Hydropower 4.8%

38 Energy Around the World

Democratic People’s Rublic of Korea (North Korea)

40 Energy Around the World

Islamic Republic of Iran

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

42 Energy Around the World

Republic of Korea (South Korea)

44 Energy Around the World

46 Energy Around the World

1. Did you conduct the entire activity?  Yes  No

2. Were the instructions clear and easy to follow?  Yes  No

3. Did the activity meet your academic objectives?  Yes  No

4. Was the activity age appropriate?  Yes  No

5. Were the allotted times sufficient to conduct the activity?  Yes  No