Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DE LOS SUELOS
• Movimiento/ Effecto Sísmico
COMPORTAMIENTO DE DEPOSITOS • Cercano vs. lejano a la falla
GRANULARES PROFUNDOS BAJO • Determinístico vs. probabilístico
CARGAS SISMICAS Y SU EFECTO EN • Efecto de las condiciones locales del suelo
LAS DEMANDAS ESTRUCTURALES • Comportamiento no-lineal del suelo
Juan M. Pestana • Evaluación de la interacción suelo-
Universidad de California, Berkeley estructura:
• Codigo vs. modelaje numérico.
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE VALPARAISO. Viña del Mar, Chile. 17 de Mayo de 2006
Edif. Mobil
Los Palos Grandes
EFECTO DE CONDICIONES LOCALES
OBSERVACIONES GEOTECNICAS
TERREMOTO DE CARACAS
29 de Julio de 1967
Cypress Gardens
Los Palos Grandes
Mene Grande
Los Palos Grandes Edif. Bosco TERREMOTO DE CARACAS 1967
Los Palos Grandes
• La aceleración
máxima en roca para
la región de Caracas
fué de solo 0.03g
• Daño significativo a
estructuras
relativamente nuevas
de mediana altura
ESPECTRO DE RESPUESTA
para Analisis Estructurales.
EVALUACION DEL COMPORTAMIENTO
DEL ESTADO DEL ARTE A LA PRACTICA RESPUESTA SISMICA DEL PERFIL
EL ANALISIS NUMERICO ES Free-field motion
• Movimiento/ Effecto Sísmico RELATIVAMENTE ESTANDARD u ff(z)
at
r
/p
m ax
Power Law
F2(p/pat) = (p/pat) n = where p is mean effective stress
1500
1500 0.50 0.50
Hokksund Sa nd Tic ino Sand
0.40 0.40
R esona nt Colum nTests R esona nt Column Tests
1000 (Ca rriglio, 1989) 0.33 ( Lo Pr esti, 1987) 0.33
1 .3 900 G ~ 550, n ~ 0.5 G ~ 600, n ~0.45
800 = G Formulation, G / e b b
P owe r Law
b b 800
1300 Power Law Exponent, n
600 700 Exponent, n
1.3
600
/p ) . e
Empirical Equ ation 500
at
2
900 (2.17-e ) /(1+e)
max
1100 400
400
(G
0 .5
r r
300
at
Ve ry De nse > 85
M edium D ense 65-85
Loose <65
900 200 Ve ry loose
at
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10
Volumetrico 1500
(G
0.50
Montere y No. 0 Sa nd Sa cram ento R iver Sa nd
700 R esona nt Colum nTests Be nder Elem ent Tests
(i.e., relacion 1000 ( Chung e t al., 1984,
0.40
0.33
(Salvati & Pe stana , 2001)
0.50
0.33
700
Expone nt, n
1.3
Expone nt, n
500
0.9 < p/p < 1.1
at
at
max
400
(G
Void Ratio, e
Symbol Sand
0.75
Otta wa 20 -30
8 Otta wa 50-70 0.70
Hokksund
Iruma
7 0.65
Monterey
Rigidez al corte para
/p )/[G *(p/p ) ]
Quiou
n
0.60
at
Rockfill 0.1 1 10 100
6 Ticino
Toyoura
grandes esfuerzos 5000
0.50
Comportamiento de Mortar Sand
b
Arenas y Gravas 5
Dog's Bay
Ham Rive r confinantes 4000 R esona nt C olumnT ests
(Laird & Stokoe, 1993)
0.40
3000
0.33
at
G ~ 650, n ~ 0.45
b
1.3
m ax
4 2000
/p ) . e
Symbol Gravel
(G
Power La w
at
Oroville grave l Expone nt, n
3 Pyramid gravel
m ax
Venado gra vel 1000
(G
900
Livermore gra ve l 800
700 Sym bol T est
2
600 RS1
RS2
500
RS3
1 400 RS4
RS5
20% Error ba rs shown 300 RS6
1. 0 2. 0
35000
Co mp ression Mod el Parameters
0. 9 Compres sio n Model Parameters
ρ = 0.3 0; p' /p = 3 5; θ = 0.3 0 O tta wa 40 /100 sa nd. (Baig et al., 199 7)
ρ = 0 .36 ; p' /p = 45 ; θ = 0.30 1. 8 c ref at
0. 8 c ref at D = 50 %
Ben der Ele ment T ests. r
at
0. 7 30000 at
Vo id R at io, e
/p
m ax
0. 6 10% E rror bars shown
1. 4
Rigidez al 0. 4 Measured Data: Ham River Sand Measu red Data: Dog's Bay San d
Rigidez al
Hyd rostatic Compress ion Hy dros tatic Co mp res sio n D = 0%
corte para (J ovicic and Coo p, 1997 ) 1 .0 (Jovicic and Coop, 19 97) corte para 20000 r
grandes 0. 3
0. 1 1 10 100
0 .9
100 0 0. 1 1 10 10 0
suelos
esfuerzos cementados
at
Measu red Data: Ham River Sand Measu red Data: Dog's B ay San d 15000
/p
1 04 104
10000
Range o f
Predictio ns Ran ge of
Pred ictions Model Pred ic tions
5000 1.3 2 n
10
3
10
3
G /p = G /e {p/p + a .CC }
Mo del Parameters Model Parameters max at b at cc
e i = 0. 63 G = 18 00, n= 0. 50
G = 550 , n= 0.50
b e i = 1. 45 b G = 500, n ~ 0.50, a = 16
b cc
e i = 0. 75 G (variable) Gb (variable)
b e i = 1. 75
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0. 1 1 10 100 100 0 0. 1 1 10 10 0
Co nfin in g Pres su re, p'/ p
at
Co n fi nin g P ress ure, p '/p
at
Cement Content, CC (% weight)
5
10
Mode l Predictions (G ~ 500, n = 0.5, a ~ 1 6)
b cc
at
/p
D = 0% D = 50%
In cre asing r r
at
ma x
/p
C ementation C C
10
5%
2.0 %
Small Strain Shear Stiffness, G
1.5 %
1.0 %
Efecto del 10
4
2%
Effect of Confining
Esfuerzo 1% Stress on the
0.5 % Confinante Shear Stiffness
0.2 % Unce me nte d en el In cre asing 0%
of Cemented
Ma te rial modulo de C ementation Sands
CC
10
3
rigidez al 10
3
1 10
M odel Predictions: e ~ 0.54
0
corte Confining Pressure, p'/p
at
M easured Da ta : Ottawa 40/100 Sa nd
(G ~ 500, n = 0.5, a ~ 16)
b cc B ender Element T ests (Ba ig et a l., 1997)
R elative C ement Cont ent (%)
1 10 Density, D 1 2 5
r
2.0
max
max
sec
s
sec
Análisis de Análisis de
0
0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Single Amplitude Shear Strain, γ (%)
Single Amplitude Shear Strain, γ (%)
1.0 25 200
Mode l Pred ic tions
ma x
G = 500,
(M Pa)
b
/G
s a
10
150
Sh ear Modulus Reduction G
4
Damping Ratio (%)
se c
0.4
amortiguamiento 50
ma x
la relacion de vacios en 10
Me asu red Data:
/G
1.0 8 D ~ 60%
Damping Ratio (%)
0.4 10
2
Mode l Predictions 0.6
G = 500, p/p = 1.0 0.8 0
b at
0.2 1.0 5 0.0001 0.0 01 0.01 0.1 1
? = 2, ? = 0.5
Single Amplitude Shear Strain, ? (%)
s a
re f
re f
/G
/G
se c
0.8
se c
re f
la relacion de vacios en G = 4 90, p'= 100 kPa
la relacion de vacios en
/G
25 b
20
se c
0.8 ? = 1.25, ? ~ 3
el modulo de rigidez y el modulo de rigidez y
Single Amplitude Shear Strain, ?(%) Single Amplitude Shear Strain, ? (%)
1.0
re f
/G
se c
6.0
0.6
5.0
s
In cre asing
Nonlinearity Coefficient, ω
Confining
0.4
Pressure
Correlacion de Quiou
Mode l Predictions 4.0
BASE DE DATOS? G = 500, n = 0.7
b
400 los parametros del sand Rockfill
Ottawa s u
15 100
200 In cre asing 20/30
300 Confining
10
Pressure 0.0
400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5
Uniformity Coefficient, C (= D /D )
u 60 10
0
0.0 001 0.0 01 0.0 1 0.1 1
Single Amplitude Shear Strain, ?(%)
0
Based on Duke et al. 1971
Depth (m)
• Descripcion del Módulo de Rigidez Equivalente y Sylmar
Amortiguamiento. 60
Alluvium
• Formulació
Formulación Histeré
Histerética and
Older
• Validacion del Modelo 80 Alluvium
(Sand)
• Comportamiento Sísmico del Perfil
Bedrock
• Aná
Análisis de suelos granulares profundos 100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
• Evaluació
Evaluación del problema a multiples niveles de informació
información.
G /p
max atm
3.0
1
2.0 ω =2 (ω =1)
1 2
ω =4
1
Sylmar Site 1.5 Sylmar Site
Prediction Evaluation
1.0
with Previous
Work
0.5
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Period (sec)
0
1.0
50
Data source:
<http://geoinfo.usc.edu/rosrine>
0.8 Soil Classification: CL
100 Test Data from UCLA
UCLA S-3
Depth (m)
UCLA L1-1
0.6
Test Data From UT Austin
max
150
La Cienaga Site p=62 kPa, RC
G/G
La Cienaga Site p=62 kPa, TS first cycle
1.0 25
1.0 25
0.6 RC 15
Test Data from UT Austin, p=1726 kPa
G/G max
TS first cycle
TS tenth cycle
Damping (%)
0.6 RC 15
Predictions for G =800, ω =1, ω =2
G/G max
b 1 2
TS first cycle
0.4 10
TS tenth cycle
La Cienaga Site Data source: La Cienaga Site Predictions for G =800, ω =1,ω =2
<http://geoinfo.usc.edu/rosrine> b 1 2
0.4 10
Testing Information 0.2 5
Testing Information
Data source:
Depth = 28 m Depth = 125 m <http://geoinfo.usc.edu/rosrine>
0.2 5
0.0 0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
0.20
0.05
0.15
0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Period (sec) Period (sec) Period (sec) Period (sec)
Lotung Site
Soil Profile
0.20
Depth: Surface NS Depth: Suface EW
0 0.15
Predicted Predicted
Measured Measured
Frommeasured V values
s 0.10
0.00
20 0.15
Depth: 6 m NS Depth: 6 m EW
Depth (m)
0.10
Predicted
0.00
60 0.10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Depth: 47 m NS Depth: 47 m EW
G /p 0.05
max atm
0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0.5 0.7
Depth: Surface NS Depth: Surface EW Depth: Surface NS Depth: Surface EW
0.4 0.6
Predicted Predicted
Measured Measured Predicted Predicted
0.3 0.5
Measured Measured
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
Depth: 6 m NS Depth: 6 m EW
0.3 0.0
Predicted Predicted
Measured Measured 0.5
0.2
Depth: 6 m NS Depth: 6 m EW
Spectral Acceleration (g)
0.4
0.1 Predicted Predicted
0.3
Depth: 11 m NS Depth: 11 m EW
0.0 Predicted Predicted
0.3 Measured Measured
0.2
Depth: 17 m NS Depth: 17 m EW
0.2 0.1
Predicted Predicted
Measured Measured
0.1 0.0
0.0 0.3
0.3
Depth: 17 m NS Depth: 17 m EW
Depth: 47 m NS Depth: 47 m EW 0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 Period (sec)
Period (sec)
Period (sec) Period (sec)
COMPORTAMIENTO DE SUELOS RIGIDOS (~ 30 mts)
Análisis de Respuesta Sísmica
1.25 5
M otion at Rincon Hill BEDROCK Motion at Rincon Hill
• Caracteristicas del suelo Perfil del Suelo a = 0.1 g Surface (AM PLE) a
max
= 0.3 g
20m/(66ft)
similares a la arena de
Toyoura (Japon). 0.75 5
183m/(600ft)
• SHAKE91- Lineal Arena densa 0.50 0
Equivalente
0.25 5
• AMPLE2000- Analisis no
lineal 0.00 0
0.01 0.1 1 10.01 0.1 1 10
Roca Period (sec) Period (sec)
1.25
1.25
BEDROCK Motion at Gilroy
Motion at Gilroy BEDROCK Motion at Gilroy Deep soil profile
Spectral Acceleration (g)
Motion at Gilroy
Spectral Acceleration (g)
0.75
2.00 a = 0.3 g
max 0.75
0.50
1.50 0.50
0.25
1.00
0.25
0.00
0.01 0.1 1 10
0.50
Period (sec) 0.00
0.01 0.1 1 100.01 0.1 1 10
Periodo (segundos) Period (sec)
0.00
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
COMPORTAMIENTO DE SUELOS RIGIDOS PROFUNDOS Implicaciones para nuevos edificios en Caracas
6 .0 0 6. 00
Pr edom inant Per iod of P red omi nant P eri od o f
S tru ctur es of 1 0 to 16 stor ies hi gh EQ UIVAL EN T St ruct ures of 10 to 16 stor ies high N ONL INE AR
sig nifi cantly damaged dur ing t he LINE AR signi fican tly d am aged d uri ng th e ANAL YS ES -
C ar acas, 1967 Earthq uake AN ALY SE S- Car acas, 1 967 Ear thqu ake
1.25 AM PL E 2000
M otion at Rincon Hill BEDROCK M otion at Rincon Hill Deep soil profile
0 .3 0 g
a = 0.1 g Surface (AM PLE) a = 0.3 g H~ 600 ft
Spectral Acceleration (g)
max 0 . 3 0g 0 .1 0 g
1.00 max Surface (SHAKE)
4 .0 0 0 . 1 0g 4. 00 0 .0 5 g
(Surfac e/ Be drock)
0.75
3 .0 0 3. 00
0.50
2 .0 0 2. 00
0.25
1 .0 0 1. 00
0.00
0.01 0.1 1 10
0.01 0.1 1 10 0 .0 0 0. 00
Period (sec) Period (sec) 0 .5 0. 6 0 .7 0. 8 0 .9 1 2 3 4 0.5 0 .6 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9 1 2 3 4