1. What is the definition of culture?

A system of thoughts and behavior shared by a group of people. Our cultural

background have tremendous impact in our lives.
[Alexis Armenakis, Chrishe Kliefer. 2007. Social & Cultural Factors Related to Health
Part A: Recognizing the impact]
2. What is characteristic of culture?
 Refers to on integrated pattern on belrefs and behavior
 Varies from local group to group
 Coexist with member individual distintness
 Endures and evolve
[Alexis Armenakis, Chrishe Kliefer. 2007. Social & Cultural Factors Related to
Health Part A: Recognizing the impact]
3. What is elements of culture?
1. Symbol, every culture filled with symbol, if we nod our head up and down, then it
means “yes” and if we shake our head to left and right it means “no”
2. Language, our capacity for language in turn helps our complex culture possible.
3. Norm,
Formal norms(mores and laws)= refer to the standards of behavior considered the
most important in any society
Informal norms (folk wyas/customs)
4. Values
5. Artifacts
6. What are the socio cultural aspect that affect behavior?
 Educational attainment
 Income, higher incomes are associated with healthier behavior, purchase various
goods and service (nutrition)
 Occupational status, an individual choices of accupation may reflect their status
health
[Hernandez LM, Blazer Dei. 2006. Genes, Behavior and The Social Environment.
Moving Beyond the Nature]
7. How social and culture can influence society health ?
 Social scientist designate a difference between disease and illness
- Illness is athe personal, social and cultural influences on the experience of
impairment, pathology, and disease
- Disease is the physiological process of pathology
 The framework that focuse on illness is called the “sociocultural model”
 The sociocultural model
Socio cultural factors inevitably interact with biology in impact health. This
influence of factors determine
- A person’s experience and definition of health and illness
- Acces of health care
- Response to disease, pain, and disability
- Experience of pain and healing
 - Treatment expectations and options
- Health outcomes
[Alexis Armenakis, Chrishe Kliefer. 2007. Social & Cultural Factors Related to
Health Part A: Recognizing the impact]
8. What are characteristic of health life style?
- Good diet
- Moderate exercise
- Percentage of body fat (HDL and cholesterol normal)
- Being a non smoker
[Bergland, Christopher. 2016. How will do you score on Health Lifestyle
Charateristic?]
9. Why westernization can affect our health lifestyle?
In western countries, the frequency of eating food prepared outside the home is
increasing. This shift toward an increase in the frequency of eating meals and snacks
away from home and the proportion of food budget spent on away from home foods
has coincided with the increasing prevelance of obesity.
[BA Swinburn, Caterson, dc seidell et al. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of excess
weight gain obesity : Public health nutrition: 7(1A), 123-146]
10. How sedentary lifestyle can decreasing someone helath?
Based on research, sedentary lifestyle such as sitting and viewing TV are related to
premative mortality, chronic condition= obesity type 2, diabetes and CVD. Physical
activity helps prevent insulin resitence, the underlying cause of type 2 diabetes.
[James H. RImmer,Ph.D., Sedentary Lifestyle is Dangerous to Your Health]
11. What is the factor that caused obesity?
- Sedentary lifestyles
- High intake of energy dense food
- Heavy marketing of energy dense foods and fast food outlets
- Adverse social and economic conditions(developed countries, especially for
women)
- High sugar drink
- Large portion sizes
- High proportion of food prepared outside the home (western countries)
- Alcohol
[BA Swinburn, Caterson, dc seidell et al. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of excess
weight gain obesity : Public health nutrition: 7(1A), 123-146]
12. How socio economic difference influence obesity?
As population becomes more urban and incomes rise, diet high in sugar, fat and animal
product replace more traditional diets that were high in complex carbohydrate and fibre.
Ethnic cuisine and traditional food habits are being replaced by westernized fast foods,
soft drinck, and increased meat consumption. Homogenesisation and westernization of
the global diet has increased the energy density and this is particularly a problem for the
poor in all countries who are at risk of both obesity and micronutrient deficiencies.
[BA Swinburn, Caterson, dc seidell et al. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of excess
weight gain obesity : Public health nutrition: 7(1A), 123-146]