Sewer V6.3: Reference Manual

SEWER V6.
3
Reference Manual
Copyright 2004
KNOWLEDGE BASE
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Table of Contents
WELCOME
Where do I go from here? 1-1
Typefaces in this manual 1-2
Conventions used in this manual 1-2
How to get support 1-3
On-line help 1-3
BASIC THEORY
Unit Flow Method 2-2
Unit Flow Example 2-3
Harmon Formula Method 2-4
Flow resistance in pipelines 2-5
The Manning Equation 2-5
The D'Arcy-Weisbach formulation 2-5
TUTORIAL - SEWER DESIGN

Create a new data file 3-2
Import coordinate data from an ASCII file 3-4
Display the nodes and links 3-7
Display additional link data 3-10
Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model 3-12
Set node and link parameters 3-14
Input inflow data 3-16
Analyze the network 3-19
Display link sizes and slopes 3-22
Calculate Quantities 3-23
Printing input data and results 3-24
Creating the final layout plan 3-25
Ploting Sewer Longsections 3-28
FILE MENU
New Project 4-2
Drawing File 4-3
Terrain File 4-3
Sewer File 4-4
Storm File 4-4
Locale 4-4
Open Project 4-7
Edit Project 4-8
Save Project 4-9
Save Project As 4-9
i
Close Project 4-9
Import 4-10
ASCII File 4-10
Version 3 Data 4-13
MAP Theme 4-14
Inflow Hydrograph 4-15
Convert Drawing Entities 4-16
Export 4-17
MAP Theme 4-17
ASCII FILE 4-18
Print 4-19
Output Manager 4-22
Spool Output 4-24
Option Settings 4-25
General 4-26
Survey 4-29
Terrain 4-30
Roads 4-34
Plot 4-37
Output Window 4-38
Security 4-39
Authorize 4-39
Check Network Dongles 4-40
Exit 4-40
EDIT MENU
Default Settings 5-2
Design Parameters 5-3
Inflow Calculation Method 5-3
Friction Loss Formula 5-3
Geometric Controls 5-4
Flow Controls 5-4
Unit Flow Parameters 5-5
Inflow Classes 5-5
Attenuation Curve Dialog 5-6
Harmon Parameters 5-7
Inflow Hydrograph Parameters 5-8
Name List 5-8
Hydrograph Array 5-9
Pumps 5-10
Name Page 5-11
Sump Page 5-12
Pumps Page 5-13
Depth Increments 5-14
Bedding Classes 5-15
ii
Link Tables 5-17
Name 5-18
Sizes 5-19
Pipe Culverts 5-19
Box Culverts 5-20
Portal Culverts 5-21
Custom Culverts 5-22
Link Flow Curve Dialog 5-23
Node Data 5-24
Node 5-25
Link 5-26
Inflow 5-27
Control 5-30
Results 5-31
Delete/Recall 5-31
Find 5-31
Show 5-31
Node Data &Spreadsheet 5-32
ANALYSIS MENU
Network 6-2
Analysis options 6-5
Quantities 6-7
VIEW MENU
Input Data 7-2
Node Data 7-2
Link Data 7-2
Inflow Data 7-3
Results 7-4
Summary 7-4
Inflow 7-4
Flow 7-5
Overflow 7-6
Layout 7-6
Hydraulic Grade 7-7
Quantities 7-8
Excavation Lengths 7-8
Excavation Volumes 7-8
Culvert Lengths 7-9
Bedding and Backfill Volumes 7-9
Manhole Depths 7-10
Link Hydrograph 7-11
Array 7-11
iii
Graph 7-12
Multiple Hydrographs 7-13
Links 7-13
Graph 7-14
GRAPHICAL MENU
Classify Nodes and Links 8-2
Edit Node and Link Data 8-4
Select 8-5
Single 8-5
Branch 8-5
Upstream 8-6
All 8-6
Clear 8-6
Toggle Show Selected 8-7
Add Node 8-8
Delete Node 8-9
Insert Node 8-10
Connect Node 8-11
Move Node 8-12
Cover Levels 8-13
Set Parameters 8-14
Clashes 8-15
Rename 8-17
Renumber Branches 8-18
Create Subnetwork 8-19
Vertical Alignment 8-20
SETTINGS MENU
Index Order 9-2
Rebuild Index 9-3
DTM Surface 9-4
Display Settings 9-5
iv
Welcome
Welcome to Civil Designer, the design system created by civil engineers
for civil engineers, to save you time, effort and money. Now you can
work faster, smarter and accomplish more.
This manual introduces you to Civil Designer and gets you up and
running without delay. It shows you how to accomplish the most
common tasks and provides tips on the exciting and innovative new
features to be found in Civil Designer.
The easy-to-follow tutorial will help you gain hands-on experience with
the program.
Where do I go from here?

After reading this manual you should know the following:
• How to get Civil Designer up and running
• How to use the menus and the on-line help system
• How to input and edit data files
• How to start an analysis
• How to view and output the results of the calculations
For more detail simply refer to the on-line help file: it contains detailed
information on each function.
Welcome 1-1
Typefaces in this manual
The different typefaces in this manual are used as follows:
Monospace This typeface represents text as it appears onscreen
such as prompts.
Italics Italics are used for emphasis and to introduce new
terms.
[Enter] This indicates a key on your keyboard or a button on
the screen.
For example:
“Press [Enter] to complete the entry.”
or
“Click on the [OK] button.”
Command This typeface indicates a menu option or a command.
For example:
“Click on the Open icon to load a drawing.”
Menu commands appear with the path separated by an arrow. The
instruction Draw ► Ellipses ► Ellipse refers to the command you choose by
opening the Draw menu, the Ellipses sub-menu, and by choosing the
Ellipse option.
Conventions used in this manual

In this manual, clicking refers to clicking with your left mouse button
unless otherwise specified. When a click with your right mouse button is
required, the terms right click or right clicking are used.
Clicking means to press and release a mouse button quickly.
1-2 Sewer Reference

How to get support
Technical support is available from 08.00 to 17.00 Mondays to Fridays
excluding public holidays from our Customer Support Centre at
support@knowbase.co.za.
You can also call our Customer Support Centre at:
South Africa 086 0101 999
International +27 21 7011850
On-line help
The Civil Designer on-line help system is far easier to use and more
comprehensive than those typically found in other software programs.
It contains about 10 times as much information as this manual and
provides complete answers to virtually any question you may have about
features or how to use Civil Designer.
Access on-line Help from the Help menu option at any time, or by
pressing F1 during the display of any of the dialogs in the program. The
help items can be printed using the Print icon on the toolbar.
Welcome 1-3
Notes:
1-4 Sewer Reference

Basic Theory
The Sewer Analysis and Design module is a complete tool for the design
of foul water or sewerage networks. It will calculate the invert levels,
slopes and diameters of the culverts as well as the design flow, capacity
and the flow velocity of each culvert.
The program will model a network consisting of both existing and new
culverts. Any culverts which do not have a size, invert level and/or slope
will automatically be designed according to the design parameters.
In most cases multiple inflows may be specified at each node. Inflows
may be user-defined in the inflow parameters tables.
The program will simulate a complex system of local storage (surge
tanks) and overflows thereby enabling you to model the intricate
networks that are typical of modern cities. The network size is only
limited to your hard drive capacity.
Each model may have multiple sub networks and outfalls. You may specify
the outfall levels if you wish to connect to existing systems. Alternatively,
the program will determine the best possible outfall level in accordance
with the design parameters.
The Guidelines for the Provision of Engineering Services in Residential
Townships published by the Department of Community Development
have been followed in the calculation of unit flows.
In addition the design flows may also be calculated according to the
Harmon formula or using unit inflow hydrographs. A brief discussion on
each method of flow determination is included.
The design is controlled by a number of parameters which are set by the
user. This facility enables the design to be tailored to your own
requirements or that of the local authorities or councils.
Basic Theory 2-1

Unit Flow Method
The Unit Flow method is an empirical method that assigns an inflow
class to each type of contributing unit.
The number of contributing units of each class is specified at each node.
The Sewer module calculates the peak design inflow from the
information in the Unit Flow Class table according to the following
formula.
(ADF x PF)
C = (1 + EF)
(24 x 60 x 60)
where
C = Unit design flow rate in liters/second/unit
EF = Extraneous Flow factor (infiltration) as a decimal ie. 0.15
ADF = Average Daily Flow in liters/unit/day
PF = Peak Flow factor
During the data input you may assign up to 5 classes or types of inflow to
any node, ie. you may allocate say 45 low income dwelling units and 16
medium income units to a node.
A point source inflow (in liters/second) may also be allocated to the node
as well as the 5 inflow classes described above. The point source inflow is
not attenuated.
The design module will calculate the attenuation for the 5 inflow types
and then the design flow in liters per second for each class or type. These
flows will then be added as well as the point source inflow (if any).
The result will be an inflow in liters per second which is representative of
all the contributing units at that node.
During the network analysis the program will keep a total of all the units
of each inflow class. At each node in the network it will calculate the total
design flow as described above, as well as the total contributing
population.
The design flow is attenuated according to the attenuation curve for the
total contributing population at that point.
2-2 Sewer Reference

Unit Flow Example
Let us look at a manhole which has 322 low income dwelling units
contributing to the inflow. Each low income dwelling unit has a average
daily flow of 500 liters per dwelling unit per day and an average total
persons per dwelling unit of 7 as specified in the Inflow Class Table.
If we had specified the peak factor to be 2,5 and the percentage
extraneous flow to be 15% the following design inflow would be
calculated as:
500
Avg Daily Flow = 24 x 60 x 60
= 0.00579 l/s
Peak Flow Rate = avg daily flow x peak factor

= 0.00579 x 2.5
= 0.01447
Design Flow Rate = Peak flow + extraneous flow

= 0.01447 x (1.0 + 0.15)
= 0.01664 l/sec per unit
Therefore, for 322 units

Design Flow = 0.01664 x 322
= 5.358 l/s
This figure has to be attenuated as the population equivalent is 2254 (that
is 322 x 7). The attenuation factor is determined from the attenuation
curve, in our case 1.80 / 2.50 = 0.860.
Attenuation factor = 0.860
Design Flow = 0.860 x 5.358
= 4.608 l/s
Basic Theory 2-3

Harmon Formula Method
In this option the peak design flow is determined according to the
Harmon formula which is:
14
Design Flow = 1+
4+ n
where
n = number of contributors in thousands
The number of contributing dwelling units may be input for each
manhole. During the design process the cumulative number of
contributing units is determined at each node and from that the design
flow is calculated as described above.
2-4 Sewer Reference

Flow resistance in pipelines
Various formulae for head losses in pipes are recognized in theory.
Hydraulic engineers favour two of them:
• Manning equation
• D'Arcy-Weisbach with Colebrook-White friction co-efficient.
The Manning Equation

2 1
R 3S 2
v=
n
Where:
v = velocity (m/s)
R = wetted perimeter (m)
S = slope (m/m)
n = Manning roughness coefficient
The advantage of this formula is that it is easy to implement.
The D'Arcy-Weisbach formulation

The head loss due to pipe resistance is related to the flow through the
pipe by the equation
λLV 2
H=
2gD
Where:
H = head loss (m)
L = length of pipe (m)
D = pipe diameter (m)
V = velocity (m/s)
g = gravitational acceleration
λ = friction coefficient
Basic Theory 2-5

The Colebrook-White friction factor
The most suitable formulation for the friction factor required by the
D'Arcy-Weisbach equation is generally regarded as being the Colebrook-
White equation. This equation provides an implicit definition for the
friction factor as follows:
1  2.51 k 
= −2.0 log  + 
λ  R λ 3 . 7D 
where:
λ = friction coefficient
D = the pipe diameter
k = the mean height of roughness in the pipe
Re = Reynold's number defined as:
Re =  V D / Φ
where:
 = the liquid density
v = the velocity of flow
D = pipe diameter
Φ= the dynamic viscosity
The D'Arcy-Weisbach formula, with friction coefficient calculated from
the Colebrook-White equation is accurate for any pipe diameter or fluid
velocity.
2-6 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design
In order to familiarize yourself with Civil Designer it is advisable to
complete the following tutorial that will teach you how to import manhole
data from an ASCII file and build up the data set in preparation for
analysis. Thereafter you will generate contract drawings. You will be
shown how to:
• add a sewer data file to the project or create a new sewer data file
• import coordinate data containing node names, Y and X coordinates
from an ASCII file
• generate a manhole layout plan from the coordinate data
• connect the nodes by means of links
• edit and set the link parameters
• input inflow data
• change the display settings
• run the analysis and view the results
• generate and view long sections
• calculate quantities according to SABS 1200
• generate a layout drawing with manhole names and a link schedule
Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-1

Create a new data file
The first step is to create a new data file into which the manhole data will
be imported. This file is added to the project file.
Open the Tutor project using File ► Open Project.
Add the sewer file to the project using File ► Edit Project. Check the Sewer
option and specify the name of the sewer file by clicking on the [Browse]
button on the right as shown below.
The standard Windows File Open dialog will be displayed. Select the
directory where the file must be and specify the file name as
TUTOR.SEW.
3-2 Sewer Reference

If the file does not exist it will be created.
Close the Project dialog and change into Sewer mode with Mode ► Sewer
Mode.
Data may be input in a number of ways:-
• use the Edit ► Node Data menu option
• import an ASCII list of node coordinates
• import an ASCII file which includes the next node name and link
types and sizes
• load an existing layout drawing and classify it
• convert drawing entities from an existing layout drawing.
In this example you will import the manhole data from an ASCII file
containing the manhole name, the next manhole name, Y coordinate and
X coordinate for each manhole. The data items may be separated
commas, spaces or tabs.

Import coordinate data from an ASCII file
Select the File ► Import menu option. The Import ASCII Data dialog will
be displayed.
Click on the [Browse] button just to the right of the top edit control and
select the ASCII file SEWER.YXZ from the TUTOR sub-directory. The
first lines of the import file will now be displayed on the dialog.
Select the Comma delimited option under the File Type section and click
on the [Next] button. The following view will be displayed.
3-4 Sewer Reference

Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for
each column of data as shown below.
Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the
columns:
Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data
file.

If you import data into an existing data file the program will search the
existing data for matching node names, and if it finds an existing record,
it will update the fields in the record with the imported data.
3-6 Sewer Reference

Display the nodes and links
Civil Designer has many graphical functions to simplify the definition of
nodes and links in the network. Obviously these functions can only be
used if your data includes coordinates for the nodes.
Activate the display of the newly imported data by clicking on the Display
Settings icon or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.
The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. This dialog allows you to
specify how the data must be displayed (and plotted). Set up the Sewer
page as shown below:
The Show sewer layout check box specifies that the Design Centre must
display the sewer node and link data during redraws.
The Annotation Font dropdown box allows you to select the font that will
be used to label the nodes and links.
Now click on the Nodes sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Node
settings allow you to define the pen, symbol size and line type for the
node, the text pen and text size in points for the node annotations as well
as which annotations must be displayed.
The dialog will display the following:

In the Node text box simply right click and select the {NAME} option
from the displayed list. You can also add a pre- or post-script to this text.
Now click on the Links sub-item and the following will be displayed:
The Link settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm and
line type of the link display as well as the text pen and size in points.
Adjust the settings to conform to the pictures above and click on the [OK]
button.
The Design Centre display will be updated to display the sewer nodes
and links.
3-8 Sewer Reference

Position your cursor near a node and zoom in using the [Z] key to display
the zoom menu or the [M] key to magnify. The node name is displayed
next to a circle representing the manhole.

Display additional link data
You are going to change the display settings to show the link type and
length at the midpoint between nodes. You may use the Settings ► Display
Settings Sewer page option to specify the text items to be displayed
above and below the link in the Text above link and Text below link edit
controls.
To define the text to be placed above the

link, position the cursor in the edit
control and click on the right mouse
button. A list of available items will be
displayed. Select the {TYPE} option.
The edit control will be updated to display

{TYPE}
In a similar manner add the following text to the Text below link edit
control by selecting the {LENGTH} option and adding ‘m’.
{LENGTH}m
Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated as follows:
3-10 Sewer Reference

If you want to add a box behind the link annotation simply click on the
Box option in the Link display settings.
You can vary the distance the link annotation is displayed from the link
line by changing the Offset distance from link setting.

Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model
You will now extract node cover levels from the digital terrain model.
Select the Graphical ► Cover Levels option. The following dialog is
displayed.
Here you specify from which terrain surface the cover levels must be
interpolated. You may select any one of the 128 surfaces that contains
valid data. The Intermediate and Hard Material settings are only used for
quantity calculations and the graphical long sections. Click on the [OK]
button.
Civil Designer will interpolate the cover level from the specified surface
and replace the current value.

To check the results, let us update the display settings to show the cover
level next to each node. Select the Settings ► Display Settings option, go to
the Sewer Node settings and add the ‘CL={COVER}m’ option to the
node annotation.
Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated to display the node
names as well as the cover level at the node with the ‘CL=’ subscript.

Set node and link parameters
At this stage you have node data and connections but have not yet
specified link types and sizes. The easiest way to do this is to select all the
links graphically and then to set the link parameters.
Alternatively you may set up each link using the Edit ► Node Data option.
We will specify the link types, minimum cover and bedding class for the
links. You may also specify the diameter or allow Civil Designer to
calculate the appropriate size.
Select the Graphical ► Select ► All option to select the entire network. The
selected links are displayed as a dotted line.
Now select the Graphical ► Set Parameters option. This will display the Set
Parameters dialog. Set the following values:
These settings will set all links to be a ‘Vitro Clay’ pipe on a ‘Class B’
bedding with a minimum cover of 1.2 m. At the same time the nodes will
be set to have the inverts of the pipes common. Click on the OK button to
change the parameters.
Refresh the display with the [S] key. Notice that the link type text has
been updated to ‘Vitro Clay’.

You may also change the link data of a selected branch only. To do this
first select a branch by using the Graphical ► Select ► Upstream option.
This function will select a specific branch and all the incoming or
upstream branches connected to it. Thereafter follow the steps above
with your required settings.
You may change a single link by using the Graphical ► Edit Node and Link
data option. Click on the node or link you want to edit to display the Node
Data dialog with the data for the selected node and link.

Input inflow data
The inflow data must now be input for each node. The Sewer program
makes provision for Unit Flow, Harmon or Inflow Hydrograph inflows.
This example uses Unit Flows.
Up to 5 unit flow classes may be input at a node. These classes are
defined in the Edit ► Unit Flow Parameters menu option.
Activate the Node Data dialog using the Edit ► Node Data menu option or
graphically using Graphical ► Edit Node and Link data. Click on the Inflow
tab to display the inflow data page.
Select the required inflow class from the list boxes and specify the
number of units that contribute to this node and link.
Input the following Unit Flow inflows:
Node Name Number of Units Inflow Class
001 2 Low Income
002 0 None
003 0 None
004 0 None
005 0 None
006 0 None
007 2 High Income
008 1 Middle Income
009 1 Middle Income

010 2 Middle Income
011 4 Middle Income
012 0 None
013 4 Middle Income
014 3 Middle Income
015 0 None
016 1 Middle Income
017 2 Middle Income
018 2 Middle Income
019 0 None
020 4 Middle Income
021 0 None
031 0 None
032 0 None
033 5 High Income
034 7 High Income
035 8 High Income
041 0 None
042 0 None
043 0 None
051 3 Low Income
052 2 Middle Income
053 4 Middle Income
054 7 Middle Income
061 0 None
071 6 Middle Income
072 5 Middle Income
073 4 Middle Income
074 0 None
075 5 Middle Income
076 5 Middle Income
077 1 Middle Income
078 5 Middle Income
081 8 Middle Income
082 3 Middle Income
083 2 Middle Income
091 6 Middle Income
101 5 Middle Income
111 4 Middle Income
121 3 Middle Income

201 5 Middle Income
202 2 Middle Income
203 3 Middle Income
204 5 Middle Income
205 6 Middle Income
206 5 Middle Income
207 5 Middle Income
208 5 Middle Income
209 3 Middle Income
210 5 Middle Income
211 3 Middle Income
212 4 Middle Income
213 0 None
221 2 Middle Income
222 2 Middle Income
223 3 Middle Income
231 2 Middle Income
232 2 Middle Income
301 3 Middle Income
302 0 None
303 3 Middle Income
304 5 Middle Income
305 3 Middle Income
306 4 Middle Income
307 1 Middle Income
308 1 Middle Income
309 3 Middle Income
311 2 Middle Income
312 4 Middle Income
313 3 Middle Income
314 0 None
315 3 Middle Income
316 1 Middle Income
321 5 Middle Income
322 3 Middle Income
331 5 Middle Income
332 0 None
Outfall 2 Low Income

Analyze the network
At this stage you may analyze the network. During the analysis you will
be informed by means of a progress dialog.
Select the Analysis ► Network menu option. The Analysis Wizard will be
displayed.
The Level Tolerance option determines the accuracy that will be applied
in calculating the incoming and outgoing link levels in each node.
Sometimes when you are evaluating an existing network with the links at
fixed slopes the rounding off of the slopes will result in an incoming pipe
which is, say 2mm, lower than the outgoing link which has been given a
fixed inlet level.
Normally Civil Designer will display an error message and then adjust
the inlet level of the outgoing link to be lower then the incoming link.
This setting prevents the level adjustment if the difference is within the
tolerance.
The Proportional Flow Depth determines the maximum flow depth that
will be allowed in the links. Usually a value of 80% is used.
The Infiltration defines the percentage extra inflow due to storm water
infiltration.
The Peak Factor is used in conjunction with the attenuation curve to
calculate the attenuation at every node in the network.

Click on the Next button. The following page is displayed. You may
return to the previous page by clicking on the Back button.
This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes
by clicking the All option or just the selected nodes by clicking the
Selected option. This allows you to select only a branch using Graphical
► Select ► Upstream and then analyze just that portion of the network.
If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must
select the Renumber branches and links option. The Recalculate link
lengths from coordinates option calculates the length of each link from the
coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.
Set up the page as shown above and click on Finish.

The Print Manager dialog will be displayed. This allows you to specify the
destination of the log that will be generated during the analysis. In this
instance direct the log to the Output Window by checking the Screen
output option.
After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be
displayed. Each window displays certain aspects of the results such as
flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the hydraulic gradient.

Display link sizes and slopes
You may now update the display settings to show the calculated link sizes
and slopes.
Select Settings ► Display Settings and set up the sewer page as shown
below. Take particular note of the Text above link and Text below link
settings.
Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH} and {RATIOSLOPE} by right-

clicking as previously and insert ‘mm’ and ‘m @ 1 :’ manually. Then click
on OK to update the display.

Calculate Quantities
Quantities are calculated according to the parameters specified in the
Bedding Class and Depth Increment dialogs. These parameters can be
changed from the Edit menu.
Select the Analysis ► Quantities option.
You may calculate the quantities of the entire network or just the
selected links. Specify All.
After the analysis the quantities will be displayed in a series of windows.
Each window contains the results of a particular quantity calculation.

Printing input data and results
At this stage you may want to produce a hard copy of the design. This is
done with the Print Control Panel that will output selected data items to
a printer or an ASCII file.
Select the File ► Print option.
The Print Control Panel will be displayed. Select the data items that you
want and the output device as shown below.
Click on the [OK] button to start printing.

Creating the final layout plan
Now that the design is complete it is time to update the original cadastral
drawing with the sewer layout along with a coordinate list and a link
schedule.
Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Wizard dialog box appears.
Select the “:\CivDes63\Examples\SheetFiles\Plan.sht” sheet file. Click on

[Next]

You now have the option to edit the sheet file. Click on the [Sheet File
Editor] Button
Click on [Next]. The Plan Plotting Setup dialog box will appear.

If the spreadsheet is empty click on the [Add New] button.
Click at the center of the drawing.
You can now position the paper.
Click again to indicate the desired position. Select [No] to keep the same
rotation
Right click on any unwanted plots to change the plot column to [No].
The [Key Plan] option can now be selected if you have multiple sheets for
your plan drawing and you would like to plot a key plan. Select scale and
rotation of key plan as normal.
Click on [Finish] to generate the plan drawings.
Input a file name to save the drawings.
If you are plotting more than one plan drawing Civil Designer will save
them sequentially i.e. “Filename1”, ”Filename2” ect.
To toggle between drawings and the Design Centre – choose the desired
visible window from the Windows menu bar.
All additional changes can now be made in the CAD mode.

Ploting Sewer Longsections
Select Plot ► Generate.
The following menu will appear:
Select the Sewer Longsection sheet and set the sheet size to A0.
Click on [Next].

Specify the Horizontal and Vertical scales, what must be plotted, where
the levels must be labeled as well as whether the program must scroll to
next page or not. Click on the [Next] button.

You have the option to Edit Long Section Data if required. If selected, the
Long Section Editor will be displayed and you will be able to edit any data
item.
Once the data is to your liking, Click the [Finish] button, give the drawing
a name and the long section/s will be generated.

File Menu
The File Menu contains all the functions to create,
load and save projects as well as import and export
survey data. In addition it also includes options to
set up the program authorization.
File Menu 4-1

New Project
Create a new project
Icon Button Toolbar Shortcut Command

ProjectNew
This option allows you to set up a new project and specify the data files
that must be used.
Procedure
The Project dialog is displayed.
To add a drawing to the project simply click in the check box next to
Drawing, click on Browse on the right of the dialog, and select the
drawing using the standard Window file open dialog. The drawing name
will be displayed as shown above.
To add a drawing to the project simply click in the check box next to
Drawing, click on Browse on the right of the dialog, and select the
drawing using the Window's standard open dialog. The drawing name
will be displayed as shown above.
4-2 Sewer Reference

Similarly, to add a data file to the project click in the check box next to
the required data type and select the file to use with the [Browse] button.
If the file does not exist it will be created.
To use the Survey, Terrain or Roads functions, you must select or create
a Terrain data file.
Drawing File
You may only use an existing drawing file. The drawing may be an
AllyCAD DRG, AutoCAD DWG, Caddie CEX or a DXF file.
Terrain File
If you select a terrain file that does not exist, the following dialog will be
displayed:
Click on Yes to create the DTM file.

After you have clicked [OK] on the New Project Dialog the following
dialog will be displayed for a new DTM file.
Enter the Y and X coordinates of the centre of the site, or of the area of
principal interest, and a diameter that will encompass the site or, once
again, the area of principal interest. It is acceptable to leave the settings
at their default values, but you should then either import data from an
ASCII file which will offer a rescale that centres the site, or add data
manually and then use Tools ► Rescale Survey from the Terrain menu
which does the same thing.
File Menu 4-3

Sewer File
If you select a sewer file that does not exist, the following dialog will be
displayed:
Click on Yes to create the sewer database file.
Storm File
If you select a storm file that does not exist, the following dialog will be
displayed:
Click on Yes to create the storm database file.
Locale
You must make the settings that determine the manner in which the
stored coordinates are projected onto the display surface (the Design
Centre window).
Hemisphere
Select either the Southern Hemisphere or Northern Hemisphere options
to set the hemisphere in which the data is located.
Projection
Select the mapping projection to be used. Currently only three
projections are available, namely Local, Transverse Mercator and UTM
(Universal Transverse Mercator). Selecting Local will automatically set
the Datum to Cape and causes Civil Designer to treat the Terrain and
Road database coordinates in the same way as Stardust used to.
4-4 Sewer Reference

Datum
Select the datum on which the data is to be based. This determines the
ellipsoid on which the projection is based and therefore the constants
used for the mapping projection. Note that the Cape datum is the
equivalent datum for that used by Stardust.
Prime Longitude
Enter the central LO of the panel in which the data falls (actually the
longitude on which the 0 value of the horizontal ordinates of the
coordinate system falls) and also select whether this LO is East or West
of 0° longitude (Greenwich).
Origin Latitude
Enter the latitude on which the 0 value of the vertical ordinates of the
coordinate system falls and also select whether this latitude is North or
South of 0° latitude (the Equator). This should normally be set to 0°
(origin at the equator where North or South are immaterial) but could be
different for some projections.
Scale factor at prime longitude

Enter the factor by which coordinates are adjusted in order to fit the
projection. This should normally be set to 1.0 except if you are using
UTM coordinates (see Remarks below).
False Easting and False Northing

Enter the values to be subtracted/added to the LO coordinates during
projection conversion. These should normally be set to 0 except if you
are using UTM coordinates (see below).
DO NOT use the False Easting and False Northing settings to apply
some constant to the data coordinates, as the projection calculations
rely on full coordinates and will give incorrect values if these entries are
used incorrectly.
Remarks
In order to use a UTM system the following settings should be made for
Locale:
• Convert the UTM block number to LO using the formula
(BLOCKNUMBER x 6°) - 183°. This calculates the Longitude of the
central meridian in degrees.
File Menu 4-5

• Set the scale factor at the central meridian to 0.9996.
• Enter the correct False Easting and False Northing values of +500
000m Easting, and 0m Northing for Northern Hemisphere or +10 000
000m Northing for Southern Hemisphere.
4-6 Sewer Reference

Open Project
Load an existing project

ProjectOpen
You can select which project to open using the standard Windows Open
dialog.
Procedure
The Open dialog will be displayed.
Select the project file (.CDP) to open and click on [OK].

The existing project (if any) will be saved and the new project will be
opened. The associated data files will automatically be opened and
displayed in the Design Centre.
Only data that includes coordinates can be displayed in the Design

Centre.
File Menu 4-7

Edit Project
Edit the current project

ProjectEdit
This option allows you to add design elements to the project or to change
the data files associated with the project.
Procedure
The Project dialog is displayed.
To add a design element to the project simply set the check box of that
element and select the data file using the [Browse] button. The standard
Window Open dialog will be displayed. Select the file to add to the
project or type in a new file name to create a new data file.
You may not change the locale settings of an existing project as the
projection settings have already been applied to data files and may not
be changed.
Click on the [OK] button.
4-8 Sewer Reference

Save Project
Save the current project

ProjectSave
This option allows you to save the current project and the associated
data files.
Save Project As
Save the current project to another name

ProjectSaveAs
This option allows you to save the current project and the associated
data files to new file names. You may specify a new file name for the
project file and each of the active design files in turn.
Close Project
Close the current project

ProjectClose
This option allows you to close the active project and clear the Design
Centre. You will be given the option to save the associated data files.
File Menu 4-9

Import
These functions allow you to import data from ASCII text files, Sewer
V3.x data files and from a MAP spatial database.
ASCII File
Import ASCII space-delimited or comma-delimited file

SewerImportAscii
This option allows you to import the data in an ASCII or text file into an
existing data file. As you import the data the program will first see if the
data file includes a record with the imported node name. If it does the
program will update the data with the values in the imported file.
If the data file does not already include a record with the imported node
name then a new record will be appended to the data file and the
imported data copied into the record.
The ASCII file must contain all the data items to be added to a record in
one line of text. The data must include a node or manhole name. The
data items may be separated by commas (comma-delimited file) or
spaces (space-delimited file).
Procedure
The following dialog box will be displayed:

Click on the [Browse] button just below the top edit control and select the
ASCII file to import. The first lines of the import file will now be
displayed on the dialog.
Set the File Type option and click on the [Next] button. The following
view will be displayed.
Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for
each column of data as shown below.
File Menu 4-11

Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the
columns:
Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data
file.
The program will read the ASCII file and assign the data items according
to the sequence specified.

Version 3 Data
Import a sewer V3.x data file

SewerImportData3
All the sewer network information from the existing version 3.x data file
will be imported into the new Civil Designer Sewer file.
Procedure
The Open dialog will be displayed.
Select the storm version 3.x file (.sdt) to open and click on OK.
File Menu 4-13

MAP Theme
Import data from a MAP theme

SewerImportMap
This option allows you to import an existing MAP theme as Sewer

elements to a sewer network.
The MAP theme must be included in a MAP database that forms part of
the Civil Designer project.
Procedure
The Import dialog will be displayed.
Select the Theme from which to import the sewer network and match
the Map Fields with the appropriate Sewer Fields.
Click OK to import the sewer information from the map theme.

Inflow Hydrograph
Import ASCII Hydrograph files

SewerImportHydro
This option allows you to import the data for a hydrograph in an ASCII
or text format, which will then be converted to the Civil Designer
Hydrograph file (.hyd) format.
Procedure
The following dialog box will be displayed:
Type in the address for the ASCII files or browse to the drive and path
for the directory where the files are saved. Select the type of files that
must be listed. Choose the file or files that you want to convert and
browse to the destination directory.
Select the file format for the ASCII file that must be converted and click
Import.
File Menu 4-15

Convert Drawing Entities
Convert drawing entities to sewer database

SewerConvertEntities
This option allows you to convert CAD entities into an intelligent

Stormwater network. The CAD drawing may have been created in the
CAD module of Civil Designer or alternatively in other CAD software and
read into Civil Designer in the CAD module by importing a DXF, DWG,
or CEX file.
Procedure
The Convert drawing entities dialog will open.
The program will pick up all the named CAD layers. Select the cad layer
containing the required information and click on the OK button.
Outfalls The only entities on this layer must be circles indicating
the outfall nodes.
Node Names The manhole names must be on this layer close to the
line origins.
Links The lines indicating the stormwater network must be on
this layer. No circles indicating manholes must be on this
layer, since it will cause duplicate nodes. Ensure that the
lines are not pollylines and that the line length is not
more than 500m, which is the maximum length for
classification.
Diameters The diameters must be drawn in the middle of the line.
This item can be ignored if you want the stormwater
module to size the pipes during the analysis.

Export
The Export functions allow you to convert your sewer network into a GIS
theme and to export the network to an ASCII text file.
MAP Theme
Export data to a Map theme

SewerExportMap
This function exports all the sewer network information to a new theme
in an existing MAP database.
Procedure
The Export to MAP Project dialog will be displayed.
Enter a name for the new theme and change the Map Field names in the
table if required.
Click on OK to export.
File Menu 4-17

ASCII FILE
Export sewer data to an ASCII text file

SewerExportAscii
This function exports all the following sewer network information to an

ASCII file.
Design Parameters Manhole conditions, i.e. culvert inverts or soffits common,
drops, or a specified step in manholes.
Node Data The node, next node and overflow node names, branch
and link numbers, Y and X coordinates, cover level,
manhole bottom conditions, maximum inflow and
maximum storage.
Link Data Link type, sizes, bedding, number, length, fixed inlet level
and fixed slope / fixed outlet level.
Procedure
The Save As dialog will be displayed.
Select a file to which to export. The drive and path automatically default
to the last used drive and directory for this type of file.
Once you select the file the export is carried out.

Print
Output a selection of design parameters, input data and results to a printer or
ASCII file

SewerPrint
This option allows you to output data to a printer or to an ASCII file. You
can select which data types you want to print or export.
Procedure
The Print Control Panel is displayed.
Specify the destination of the output by clicking on the Printer or Ascii

File button.
Input Data
You may specify any combination of the following input data by checking
the box next to that item.
Design Parameters Inflow Method, manhole conditions, minimum cover
to culverts, minimum velocity in culverts, maximum
velocity in culverts
Node Data The node, next node and overflow node names,
branch and link numbers, Y and X coordinates, cover
level, manhole bottom conditions, maximum inflow
and maximum storage
File Menu 4-19

Link Data Link type, sizes, bedding, number, length, fixed inlet
level and fixed slope/fixed outlet level
Inflow Data Depending on the inflow method
Unit Flow Inflow classes and units, plus point source inflow
Harmon Contributing units and point source inflow
Hydrograph Inflow hydrograph names and units
Results
You may specify any combination of the following results by checking
Summary Active inflow method, number of nodes, outfall level
and outflow
Inflow Analysis Depending on the inflow method:
Unit Flow Total point source, total inflow, contributing
population, attenuation factor and design inflow
Harmon Total point source, contributing units, contributing
population, average flow, peak factor and design
inflow
Hydrograph Design inflow
Flow Analysis Link name, next link name, number of links, link type,
calculated size, flow, capacity, velocity and
percentage flow depth
Overflow Analysis Link name, next link name, inflow, point source
inflow, design flow, actual flow, capacity and
overflow.
Layout Analysis Link name, next link name, number of culverts, link
type, calculated size, length, slope, inlet level, outlet
level and cover to link.
Hydraulic Grade Link name, hydraulic grade level, cover level, soffit
level, velocity and flow depth
Quantities
You may specify any combination of the following quantities by checking
Excavation Lengths Length of excavation in depth increments for each

culvert type and diameter for soft, medium and hard
materials.
Excavation Volumes Excavation volumes in depth increments for each
culvert type and diameter for soft, medium and hard
materials.

Bedding Volumes Bedding and backfill volumes for each bedding class
Culvert Lengths Cumulative lengths of each culvert type and size
Manhole Depths Number of manholes in each depth increment
Click on OK to print the data or create the output file.
File Menu 4-21

Output Manager
Set output defaults

OutputManager
This function allows you to set up the Output Window's printing and file
export capabilities. If you select to send output to the screen and the
Output Window is not visible, use Window | Toggle Output Window to
display the window.
Procedure
The Output Manager is displayed.
Screen output Check this option to have output directed to the Output
Window. If this window is not visible then select Window |
Toggle Output Window
Printer output Check this option to have output directed to a selected
printer. If this option was selected and you now turn it off,
any output previously directed to the printer will be spooled.
If this option was not selected and you now turn it on, you
will be asked to select the required printer.
File output Check this option to have output directed to a file. If this
option was selected and you now turn it off, the output file
will be closed. If this option was not selected and you now
turn it on, the selected output file will be created.
Don't show this dialog Check this option to retain the current settings for all future
in future output. You will no longer be prompted to make settings. In
order to adjust the settings, or to turn off this option, use File
| Output Manager.
Page Heading Enter the heading to be printed at the top of each page. Only
available if the Printer output option is selected.

Output filename Enter the path and name of the output file to be created.
Only available if the File output option is selected.
Browse Button (...) Click this button to browse for the output file using the
standard Windows Save As dialog. Only available if the File
output option is selected.
Page Number Enter the page number to be printed at the top of the first
page. The number will increment automatically for
subsequent pages. Only available if the Printer output option
is selected.
Start printing on new Check this option to have any printer output still in the print
page queue spooled before printing starts. If this option is not
selected then printer output will be added to that currently in
the print queue. Only available if the Printer output option is
selected.
Append to existing file Check this option to have output appended to that which
already exists in the selected file. If the selected file does not
exist, it will be created. If this option is not selected then the
selected file will be deleted (if it already exists) and then
recreated. Only available if the File output option is selected.
Make the required settings and press [OK] to continue.

If [OK] is clicked and Printer output is not checked, but it was previously
checked, any output that has not yet been spooled to the printer will be
sent and the current document ended. If Printer output is now checked,
and it was not previously checked, you will be asked to select the printer
to which output should be directed and a new document will be started.
If [OK] is clicked and File output is not checked, but it was previously
checked, the specified file is closed. If File output is now checked, and it
was not previously checked, the specified file is opened and will
overwrite an existing file of the same name if the Append to existing file
option is not checked.
File Menu 4-23

Spool Output
Spool unprinted data to the printer

OutputSpool
Any output (print) data that has been sent to the printer but not yet
printed is spooled to the printer.
Windows tends to hold printed output in a spool file until the print job is
complete. In order to end a print job in Civil Designer you must deselect
the print option in the Output Manager, or exit the program.
Alternatively, this function will carry out the same procedure.

Option Settings
Set INI file defaults that are not set by the program

OptionSettings
The settings for various items in Civil Designer are stored in the file
CivDes6.ini which is located in your User directory. While most settings
in this file are manipulated from within the program itself, some settings
have no menu option or dialog associated with them.
In order to facilitate the changing of these settings, we have implemented
a dialog specifically for adjusting these settings. This saves you from
having to edit the INI file and making the changes by hand.
The left side of the dialog displays a tree list of available items. Click on
the top-level item to display the relevant page. Some of the top-level
items have further pages implemented as sub-items. Click on the + sign
to the left of any top-level item to display the sub-items. Click on a sub-
item to display the relevant page.
Certain settings are only read at program startup. These items are
marked with an asterisk (*). Changes to these settings will only be
implemented once the program has been exited and restarted. All other
settings are read at the start of relevant functions and changes to these
settings will therefore be available the next time the relevant function is
activated.
The possible top-level items and their respective sub-items are as

follows:
• General
• Southern Hemisphere
• Northern Hemisphere
• Survey
• Terrain
• Spreadsheets
• Pens
• View 3D
• Roads
• Spreadsheets
• Pens
• Plot
• Output Window
File Menu 4-25

General
Percentage RAM Enter the percentage of physical RAM (from 25 to 75

allocated to DTM percent) that must be allocated for DTM point caching.
The default value is 25. The more RAM allocated to
cache, the faster DTM point processing can be done but
the less RAM will be available for general operations in
Windows.
Permanent Road window Check this option to have the Road window permanently
displayed. If this option is not checked then the window
will be created and destroyed as needed. This can save
some screen space in tight situations.
Delimiter Enter the ASCII code of the delimiter to be used during
some DTM export functions. The default value (44) is a
comma and it is not recommended that this be changed.
You might however require tabs as delimiters. In this
case enter ASCII code 9 as the delimiter value.
Default pen Click this button to set the CAD pen colour for drawing
all design items that do not have an associated pen. This
setting is made available in order to compensate for the
fact that you can change the background colour of the
current drawing.

Southern Hemisphere
Short Axis labels Enter single character values to be used to label the
relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Southern
Hemisphere projects.
Long Axis labels Enter labels to be used to label the relevant axes in
dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Southern Hemisphere
projects.
File Menu 4-27

Northern Hemisphere
Short Axis labels Enter single character values to be used to label the
relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Northern
Hemisphere projects.
Long Axis labels Enter labels to be used to label the relevant axes in
dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Northern Hemisphere
projects.

Survey
Screening radius for Enter the radius (in metres) within which successive
ASCII Serial import coordinates in a Serial file import will be screened out.
Number of data columns Select the number of data columns to generated during
for MOSS export a MOSS file export. Your options here are 3 or 6.
Number of entries in Enter the limit of point names to be stored in the Names
names list list.
Include numerical names. Select whether you want numerical names to be
included in the Names list.
File Menu 4-29

Terrain
Separator between Enter the single character to be displayed between the

degrees, minutes and degree, minute and second portions of bearings when
seconds for printing printing. The default separator is a space.
Default point name suffix Enter the single character default to be added as a suffix
for Tache Reduction to point names during Tache Reduction.
Additional file extension Enter an extension to be used in addition to the standard
for Tache files DAT file extension when selecting Tache field books to
load.
Field number of Enter the number of the field that contains the orientation
orientation station name in station name in Booker tache files. This is normally 1 but
Booker files files with the name in the eighth field have been found.
Each field in a Booker file is separated by a tab with the
first field being number 1.
4 decimal places in Level Check this option to have levels displayed to 4 decimal
Reduction places rather than the standard 3 decimal places in
Level Reduction.
Percentage of screen size Enter the percentage of the current screen size to be
for polygon auto-close used as the separation between starting and current
snap indicated points in order to automatically close an
indicated polygon.
Rotation angle about eye Enter the angle (in degrees) by which to increment
position for Line of Sight rotation about the eye point when generating the visible
sweep boundary in Line of Sight calculations.
Display lines for terrace Check this option to display the lines of the selected
surface only during terrace surface only when selecting a terrace. Line
terrace selection display for all other surfaces will automatically be
switched off.

Display autosuffix Check this option to have any defined autosuffix appear
together with point name as part of the point name in the screen display. It will not
appear on a plot generation.
Spreadsheet
Minimum number of Enter the default number of spreadsheet rows to be

spreadsheet rows created when a blank spreadsheet is created during the
relevant function.
File Menu 4-31

Pens
Intelli-Lines Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
four Intelli-Lines processing passes.
Graphical Error Figure Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements in a Graphical Error Figure.
Banks Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements in banks during Terrace Banks
generation.
DTM Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements in DTM Grid generation.
Perimeter indication Click this button to set the indicator colour of the
perimeter polygon when selecting items such as
terraces.

View 3D
Depth buffer bits Select the number of bits available for depth buffering.
Your options here are 16, 24 and 32. Your setting will
depend on your video card and some experimentation
might be required.
Colour depth bits Select the number of colour bits available. Your options
here are 16,24 and 32. Your setting here should match
the colour depth of your Windows Desktop for optimal
results.
Field of view Enter the vertical field of view in degrees to generate the
correct perspective view. In order to calculate the
required field of view for your particular setting, measure
the distance from your normal seated eye position to the
screen and measure the height of the view area from top
to bottom. Divide the second measurement by the first
measurement, take the arc sin of the result, and round
that result to the nearest degree.
Contour separation Enter the value (in metres) to be added to contour
heights in order to prevent contours dissappearing
underneath the 3D View.
Enable mouse dragging Uncheck this option to prevent mouse dragging within
the 3D View from changing the view parameters. This
should normally be left checked, but some video cards
have problems with the rapid updates required.
Ignore video driver Check this option to have the OpenGL acceleration
acceleration capabilities of your graphics card ignored. This should
normally be left unchecked, but some video cards have
problems with the accelerated drivers.
File Menu 4-33

Roads
Maximum number of road Specify the maximum numbers of roads per project. The
files value must be between 100 and 150.
Use Interactive Roads Check this button to enable the Interactive Roads
Expert Expert. Before every roads operation the program will
check if there are any operations that still needs to be
done before the specified operation can commence. If
there are then the Roads Expert will appear with the
relative operations checked. Simply press OK to perform
all the necessary operations and display the dialog for
the specified operation.
Use TRH format when Check this option to use TRH format when slaving Edge
slaving Edge Control Control. If this option is checked then the distance given
for the development length of the superelevation will be
applied from the stage where the grade is 0 (flat) until it
is fully developed. The initial portion where the normal
crossfall is picked up (or reduced) to 0, is automatically
calculated and added to the specified development
length.
Use element entry for Check this option to enter horizontal alignments by
horizontal alignment element (straights and curves) rather than by PI (with
instead of PIs and radii associated curve radius).
Use element entry for Check this option to enter vertical alignments by element
vertical alignment instead (grades) rather than by VPI (with associated curve
of VPIs length).
Display VPI names when Check this option to have VPI names displayed during
editing a vertical graphical editing of vertical alignments.
alignment

Text size for Horizontal PI When Editing the Horizontal alignment, the PI names
Names and Warnings and Design Criteria warnings will be displayed using this
text size (points). A text size of 0 will cause the PI names
and warnings not to be displayed.
PI Names and Warnings Warnings will be displayed using this text size (points). A
text size of 0 will cause the PI names and warnings not
to be displayed.
Box out Check this option to box the Horizontal PI names and
warnings. The text will be drawn within a rectangular
frame, filled with the background colour.
Extension to use when Enter the default extension to be used when selecting
importing CARDS cross data files for CARDS cross section import.
section files
Spreadsheet
Maximum number of Enter the maximum number of spreadsheet rows to be

spreadsheet rows created when a blank spreadsheet is created during the
relevant function.
File Menu 4-35

Pens
Horizontal alignment Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements.
Vertical alignment Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements.
Pipeline Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements.
Intersection Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements.
Template Editor Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the
various elements.
Layerworks Note: The Layerworks pen will be used to draw the
layerwors in Graphical Edit mode as well.

Plot
Number of lines Enter the maximum number of lines that can be

plotted/labelled in a long generated when plotting a long- or cross section. The
section and cross section default is 20.
Interpolate long section If this option is set then, when plotting longsections and
level for 0 values a zero level is encountered for a chainage, the level at
that chainage will be interpolated from the nearest
chainages on either side that do have levels.
Split height labels into two If this option is set, then when generating a plot with
at the decimal point heights displayed, the height for a point will be shown as
two distinct text entities separated at the decimal point.
This is usefull for where the height is obscured by say a
symbol inserted at the point and you wish to move the
values apart for clarity.
File Menu 4-37

Output Window
Number of lines retained Enter the number of lines of output that should be
in memory retained at any time for the various output windows. This
will be the last x number of lines that have been sent to
the Output Window for display, enabling you to scroll
back to see lines that have dissappeared off the top of
the window.
Display/Print Font Enter the display/print font size (in points) and the
position at which a right margin marker should be
displayed in the Output Window.

Security
When you first install your copy of Civil Designer, it will allocate a 30-day
trial license, allowing you to run the full program for 30 days. During this
time you must contact Knowledge Base for a permanent authorization
code. Refer to the chapter on Security for more details.
Authorize
Authorize the program

cyAuthorize
This option allows you to obtain your user code and input the
authorisation code to activate the various modules in the program.
Procedure
The authorisation dialog box is displayed. Your User Code is displayed in
the centre of the dialog.
Call the contact number to obtain your authorisation code. Alternatively

click on Save to write the user code into a file which can be e-mailed to
Knowledge Base at support@knowbase.co.za. Click on the Authorise
button once you have input the confirmation code in the bottom edit
control. This code is stored in the security module.
File Menu 4-39

Check Network Dongles
Toggle network security on/off

CheckNetworkSecurity
This function switches the search for a network security module on or

off.
Exit
Quit Civil Designer

quit
This function closes down Civil Designer.

Edit Menu
This menu allows you to set the default
settings and edit the node data. Options are:
• Default settings
• Design parameters
• Unit Flow inflow classes and attenuation
curve
• Harmon Formula parameters
• Unit inflow hydrographs
• Pump combinations and specifications
• Depth increments for quantity
calculations
• Bedding classes
• Link types and specifications
• Node and link data in a easy to
understand dialog or in a spreadsheet
Edit Menu 5-1

Default Settings
Set node and link parameters

SewerEditDefaults
This function allows the designer to set certain parameters as default

settings for the network before it is created.
Procedure
The Defaults dialog is displayed.
To change one of the displayed items click on the arrow on the right of
the item and a list of the options will be displayed. Click on the required
option to select it. Click on OK once all the required parameters have
been set.
Manhole Conditions This may be one of the following settings:

Drop - links placed at minimum slope
Invert - incoming and outgoing invert levels common
Soffit - inside top of the culverts common
0.075 - an absolute step between the invert levels
Type The link type may be selected from a drop-down list.
Diameter The diameter of the link in millimeters.
Bedding Class The bedding class for this link.
Number of pipes The number of identical and parallel links between this
node and the downstream node, ie. 2 x 900 mm pipes.
Minimum Cover The minimum distance from the ground line to the top of
the culvert.
Fixed Slope The fixed slope as a percentage of the outgoing link
5-2 Sewer Reference

Design Parameters
Set the inflow method, minimum and maximum velocity, etc

SewerEditDesignParameters
The Design Parameters Dialog allows the designer to select the flow
calculation method and to establish guidelines for the design.
Procedure
The following dialog is displayed:
The following overall design parameters may be specified:
Inflow Calculation Method

The Sewer module supports three inflow calculation methods, viz.:
1. Unit Flow Method.
2. Harmon Formula
3. Inflow Hydrographs
Select from these the required inflow method. The option selected will
determine the input data required in the Edit Node data option.
Friction Loss Formula

You may use either the Manning or the Colebrook-White friction loss
coefficients.
Edit Menu 5-3

Geometric Controls
The geometric controls affect the placing of links relative to the natural
ground line and the calculation of node inverts.
Manhole Conditions
Specify whether incoming and outgoing culverts in the manhole should
have their inverts at a common level (Inverts) or soffits at a common level
(Soffits), be placed at the minimum depth possible given the other design
parameters (Drops), or be placed with a user-defined step through the
manhole. An entry of 0.075 will specify a step of 75 mm through each
node.
Minimum Cover
This is the minimum distance from the manhole cover level to the top of
the culvert.
Flow Controls
The flow controls set the hydraulic design parameters used in the
calculation of link slopes and sizes.
Minimum Velocity
Culverts will be placed at a slope with the objective to try and maintain
the minimum flow velocity specified here or the maximum slope
specified in the Link Tables, whichever is the least.
In practice this results in the first (upstream) culverts being placed at

the maximum link slope, typically 1 to 1.5%, and as the link flows
become significant down the line the link slopes start flattening to the
minimum slope specified in the Link Table.
Maximum Velocity
This setting will result in all links where the velocity exceeds the
specified value being flagged in the results with the “**” symbol.
5-4 Sewer Reference

Unit Flow Parameters
Set the inflow classes and attenuation curve for the Unit Flow method

SewerEditUnitFlowParameters
Here you may input the general parameters applied during a Unit Flow
analysis.
Procedure
The Unit Flow Parameters dialog will be displayed. It has two pages –
Classes and Attenuation.
Inflow Classes
Here you can input or modify up to 10 inflow classes. You are able to
specify the following data for each inflow class:
Class Name The name of the inflow class. This name will be
displayed in the inflow class combo box in the Edit Node
Data dialog.
Average Daily Inflow The average daily inflow expressed in terms of liters per
dwelling unit per day. This value is used to calculate the
inflow into the system.
Edit Menu 5-5

Population per Unit The equivalent population per unit. This value is used to
determine the total number of contributors and hence the
attenuation factor to apply to calculate the design flow.
Attenuation Curve Dialog

The attenuation curve dialog allows you to change the standard
attenuation curve to suit the characteristics of your particular region.
The attenuation curve is used to determine the adjusted peak factor at
any point in the network according to the total contributing population
at that point in the network.
Up to 10 points may be input into the attenuation curve table. The graph
will be updated as you input the curve coordinates.
Population (1000’s) Specify the population in 1000’s for a particular peak

factor.
Peak Factor Specify the Peak Factor to be applied for the contributing
population in the column on the left.
5-6 Sewer Reference

Harmon Parameters
Set the average daily inflow and equivalent population for the Harmon formula

SewerEditHarmonParameters
The parameters applied during a Harmon formula analysis may be input

in the Harmon Parameters dialog box.
Procedure
The Harmon Parameters dialog will be displayed:
Design Unit Flow The inflow expressed in liters per dwelling unit per day.
Contributors per Dwelling The equivalent population per dwelling unit. This value is
Unit used to determine the total number of contributors and
hence the Harmon peak factor used to calculate the
design flow.
Edit Menu 5-7

Inflow Hydrograph Parameters
Create and edit the inflow hydrographs

SewerEditInflowHydrograph
The Inflow Hydrograph method uses unit inflow hydrographs to

determine the flow in the network over a period of time. The inflow
hydrographs may be input with any time increment.
Procedure
The Inflow Hydrograph Parameters dialog will be displayed. There are
two pages:
Name List
Here you specify a short name that is associated with the full hydrograph
file name. If the hydrograph file does not exist it will be created.
Name Type in a short name, up to 15 characters, to identify the

hydrograph
File Name To enter the file name click on the […] button in the row
where the file's name must be placed. The standard
5-8 Sewer Reference

Windows Open dialog is displayed. Select the file you
want or type in a new file name and click on OK.
You may now view the hydrograph array and graph by clicking on the
Hydrograph tab at the top of the page.
Hydrograph Array
This page displays the hydrograph array that you can edit as well as a
graph of the hydrograph.
Time (min) Specify a time coordinate on the inflow hydrograph. The

first time increment must be 0.
Inflow Rate (l/s) Specify an inflow coordinate in l/s on the inflow
hydrograph.
The array table allows you to input and edit the inflow hydrograph. The
array may contain up to 5040 flow values. The time increments may be at
irregular intervals. As you change the hydrograph array the adjacent
graph will be updated.
The hydrograph may be printed using the [Print] button.
Edit Menu 5-9

Pumps
Create and edit pump data

SewerEditPumps
This dialog allows you to create and edit pump files, i.e. profiles that
define the pump station hydraulic characteristics.
How it works
The inlet and outlet levels are calculated based on the incoming and next
node levels. It is possible, but not necessary, to fix these levels. All sump
dimensions (i.e. sump depth, overflow depth, on and off levels) are then
set in relation to inlet level.
For each step of the analysis the water depth in the sump is obtained
using the previous water depth, inflow, outflow and sump depth to
volume curve. Water depth is used to automatically switch the pumps on
or off, depending on the user settings.
The pumping head is than calculated as a difference between outlet level
and water level in the sump (static head), and increased by friction
losses. The resulting flow is then calculated for each pump and pump
station as total.
After that the outflow hydrograph is passed on to the next node.
The capacity is calculated as the maximum flow with all the pumps
running on minimum head i.e. with the maximum water level in the
sump.
The following restrictions apply:
• If next node of the pump is the system outfall the invert level at the
outfall must be fixed.
• Each node must use a unique pump file. If you use the same pump
file on more than one node the results will be incorrect.

Name Page
Name Name of the pump

File Name To enter the pump file name click on the […] button in the
row where the file's name must be placed. The standard
Windows Open dialog is displayed. Select the file you
want or type in a new file name and click on OK.
Moving up and down in the table changes the active or selected pump.
The active pump name is displayed in the Pump Station Dialog title.
Suction Pipe and Delivery Pipe

Diameter Specify the desired diameter.
Roughness Specify the roughness of the pipe. Typical values are
around 0.4 to 1.0
Minor losses Specify a minor loss factor produced by valves, check
valves and bends.
For a pump station layout as seen on next page without a dry chamber
and suction pipe the Suction Pipe values should be zero
Edit Menu 5-11

Sump Page
The schematic layout on the right hand side explains the measurements.
It is not a design guideline.
Depth Always measured from the sump floor
Storage Corresponding volume of water in the sump / pond
Sump depth Distance from the floor to invert of the inlet pipe
Initial depth Depth of water in the sump at the beginning of the
analysis
Overflow depth Distance from the floor to bottom of the overflow
If an initial depth is not specified, or if the initial depth is below the

lowest pump’s OFF level, the analysis will start with the water depth
specified for the lowest pump’s OFF level.

Pumps Page
A pump station can contain up to 4 pumps, possibly of different

characteristics, each of them with separate set of control levels.
Add: Appends a new pump to the pump station
Remove: Removes a pump
Copy: Copy the pump characteristics
Paste: Paste previously copied characteristics to active pump
To change the active pump use the [Pump x] buttons at the top of the page
Pump model Optional
Switch-on level Water depth in the sump (see previous page) that
triggers a pump on
Switch-off level Water depth in the sump that triggers a pump off
Delivery Set in l/s for sewer or m3/s for storm
Head Pumping head in m
Efficiency Optional, for future energy consumption calculations
The pump’s delivery, head and efficiency are obtainable from pump
catalogues.
Edit Menu 5-13

Depth Increments
Set the depth increments for quantities

SewerEditDepthIncrement
This option allows you to specify the depth increments used in the
quantity calculations.
Procedure
The Excavation Depth Increment dialog will be displayed.
Increment x Depth of excavation in millimeters
In the illustration above the depth increments are from 0 to 0.5 meters,
0.5 to 1.0 meters, and so on.
Click on the [Print] button to output the depth increment list to a printer.

Bedding Classes
Define the bedding classes used in quantity calculations

SewerEditBeddingClass
Seven basic bedding classes are supported. They are:

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Flexible
Box
Portal
Custom
Procedure
The following data must be input for each class:

Bedding Class Select the class name you wish to view or edit.
Invert to Trench Floor The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the bottom of the
trench. May be specified in terms of the diameter or vertical
size, ie. D/2 or as an absolute value.
This distance is labeled A in the diagram.
Edit Menu 5-15

The minimum and maximum distances may be set for soft and hard
materials as described below.
Soft Material
Minimum Distance The minimum distance between the bottom of the culvert and
the bottom of the trench in soft material. This must be an
absolute value.
Maximum Distance The maximum distance between the bottom of the culvert and
the bottom of the trench in soft material. This must be an
absolute value.
Hard Material
Minimum Distance The minimum distance between the bottom of the culvert and
the bottom of the trench in hard material. This must be an
absolute value.
Maximum Distance The maximum distance between the bottom of the culvert and
the bottom of the trench in hard material. This must be an
absolute value.
Thereafter the following parameters may be specified:

Invert to Bedding Top The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the top of the
bedding specified in terms of the vertical size, ie. D+300, or as
an absolute.
This distance is labeled as B in the diagram.
The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the top of the
Invert to Fill Top selected backfill specified in terms of the vertical size, ie.
D+300, or as an absolute.
This distance must be greater than or equal to the invert to
bedding top or 0.
This distance is labeled as C in the diagram.
The bedding diagram will be updated as you change any of the main data
items. The [Default] button will reset the bedding parameters to the
SABS 1200 specification.

Link Tables
The Link Tables allow the designer to define up to 15 different link types
or culverts between nodes. These links may be circular (pipes),
rectangular (box culverts), portal/skew haunch, or custom link types.
Custom link types allow you to input the depth to proportional flow and
depth to proportional area curves, thus enabling the use of non-standard
culvert shapes such as egg-shaped pipes, portal culverts or even
parabolic channels.
Edit Menu 5-17

Name
This page allows you to set the link name, friction factors and link type.
The Link Name page functions in conjunction with the Link Sizes Dialog
and the Link Flow Curve Dialog. Every link type must have the following
characteristics:
Name Specify a link name in up to 15 alpha-numeric

characters. This name will be displayed on the Link
Table Menu as well is in the Edit Node Data dialog.
Manning Factor Specify the Manning Factor to be used in the hydraulic
calculations of all links of this type.
Colebrook-White Specify the Colebrook-White roughness coefficient in
Roughness mm
Type Specify the link type as one of the following:
Pipe
Standard round pipe.
Box
Rectangular box culvert.
Portal
Portal culvert with linked side walls.
Custom
Any other culvert or channel type. The flow
characteristics may be specified in the Link Flow Curve
dialog.

Sizes
The link size table allows you to specify your own range of link sizes. The
table will require the following data depending on the Link Type.
Pipe Culverts
Nominal Diameter The nominal size of the pipe as displayed in the combo
box in the Edit Node Data dialog and all views and
printouts.
Internal Diameter The actual internal diameter of the pipe. This value is
used for all of the hydraulic calculations.
Overall Diameter The outside diameter of the pipe. This value is used for
minimum cover and quantities calculations.
Minimum Slope The minimum slope at which the link will be placed in
normal circumstances.
Maximum Slope The maximum slope at which the link will be placed in
order to satisfy the minimum velocity requirement.
Side Clearance The space on either side of the link in an excavation.
This value is used in the excavation, bedding and backfill
volumes calculations.
Active A toggle to indicate whether this size is available during
the analysis.
Edit Menu 5-19

Box Culverts
Nominal Width The standard width of the box culvert (usually the
internal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit
Node Data dialog and all views and printouts. This value
is used in the hydraulic calculations.
Nominal Height The standard height of the box culvert (usually the
internal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit
Node Data dialog and all views and printouts. This value
Overall Width The outside width of the link. This value is used in the
quantities calculations
Overall Height The outside height of the link. This value is used in the
minimum cover and quantity calculations
the analysis.

Portal Culverts
Nominal Width The standard width of the portal culvert (usually the
internal horizontal dimension) which will be displayed in
the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.
Nominal Height The standard height of the portal culvert (usually the
internal vertical dimension) which will be displayed in the
Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.
minimum cover calculations
Knee Height The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the bend
point in the side.
Top Offset The horizontal offset from the knee to the top of the
culvert.
the analysis
Edit Menu 5-21

Custom Culverts
Nominal Width The standard width of the custom culvert (usually the
internal horizontal dimension) which will be displayed in
the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.
Nominal Height The standard height of the custom culvert (usually the
internal vertical dimension) which will be displayed in the
Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts. This value
minimum cover calculations
the analysis.

Link Flow Curve Dialog
This dialog allows you to specify the flow and area curves for each type of
link. By changing the flow and area curves it is possible to accommodate
non-standard link types, i.e. egg-shaped sewer pipes or parabolic
channels.
Prop Proportional depth increments from 0.05 to 1.00

Proportional Flow The proportional flow at the relevant depth increment
Proportional Area The proportional area at the relevant depth increment
The area and flow curves must be input for every depth increment. The
data is proportional to the full flow condition, i.e. values start at 0.0 and
increase to 1.0 for the proportional depth. Flow and area values must be
input accordingly.
The graph of the flow and area curves is continuously updated.
Edit Menu 5-23

Node Data
Edit the node data

SewerEditNodeData
The node data dialog allows you to input or edit node, link and inflow
data. It also includes a page which displays the results relating to the
node.
An overflow node is optional. If no overflow node is specified all
overflows will be taken into local storage.
Use the arrow buttons to page through the database or click on the
record number button to search for a particular node or record number.
Procedure
The Node Data dialog will be displayed. There are 5 data pages:

Node
The node data page describes the relationship between the nodes and
defines the direction of flow from the node to the next node.
Node Name The name or reference to this node and outgoing link in
up to 25 alpha-numeric characters.
Next Node The name of the downstream node.
Overflow Node The name of the node to which overflows must be
directed. If no overflow node is specified all overflows
will be taken into local storage.
Cover Level The level of the node (manhole) cover in meters.
Lock Option to lock the cover level to the specified level.
Freeboard Height that the manhole cover must be above the
extracted cover level.
Manhole Conditions The state of the node invert. This may be one of the
following settings:
Drop - links placed at minimum slope
Invert - incoming and outgoing invert levels common
Soffit - linside top of the culverts common
0.075 - an absolute step between the invert levels
Subnet/Branch /Link No These items are usually calculated by the analysis
module. However the designer may wish to specify that
a certain branch is the trunk or collector. In this instance
he would input his data and specify the branch number
of 1 for the main branch, 2 for the secondary, and so on.
Link numbering starts at 1 for the most upstream link in a
branch and increases towards the outfall.
Edit Menu 5-25

Link
The link data defines the link type, bedding and optional link controls
such as fixed invert, fixed slope and fixed sizes.
Type The link type may be selected from a drop-down list.

Diameter The diameter of the link in millimeters. The diameter is
selected from a drop-down list.
Height The optional height of a box, portal or custom culvert in
millimeters.
Width The optional width of a box, portal or custom culvert in
millimeters
Bedding The bedding class for this link. The class is selected
from a drop-down list.
Number The number of identical and parallel links between this
node and the downstream node, ie. 2 x 900 mm pipes.
Minimum Cover The minimum distance from the ground line to the top of
the link. This value is applied at each node only.
Length The length of the link, ie. the distance between this node
and the downstream node.
Fixed Invert The fixed invert level of the outgoing link
Fixed Slope The fixed slope as a percentage of the outgoing link
Fixed Ratio Slope The fixed slope as a ratio of the outgoing link

Inflow
The program will display a different Inflow data page for each inflow
method.
Unit Flow Method

Each node may have up to 5 inflow classes, each with it’s own number of
contributing units. This information is used to calculate the attenuation
factor.
The following data items are required for the Unit Flow method.
Inflow Units The number of contributing units of this particular class
of inflow.
Inflow Class The class of the contributing units as defined in the Unit
Flow Parameters. Click on the right of the control to
display a list of available classes.
Point Source A constant inflow expressed in terms of liters/second.
This item is to make provision for constant inflows that
cannot be defined by a particular inflow class.
Edit Menu 5-27

Harmon Formula Method
The following data items are required for Harmon Formula inflows:
Inflow Units The number of contributing units at this node.
Point Source A constant inflow expressed in terms of liters/second.
This item is to make provision for constant inflows which
cannot be defined by a particular inflow class.

Hydrograph Method
Each node may have up to 5 inflow hydrographs, each with it’s own
number of contributing units.
The following data items may be input for the Inflow Hydrograph
inflows:
Inflow Units The number of contributing units of this particular inflow
hydrograph.
Inflow Hydrograph Name The name of the inflow hydrograph may be selected
from the list displayed in the combo box. The path to the
inflow hydrograph files is specified in the Inflow
Hydrograph Parameters.
Edit Menu 5-29

Control
Each node may have certain flow and local storage restrictions placed on
it.
Maximum Inflow The flow into the link may be limited to a specific value
regardless of the capacity of the link. This may be
caused by the size of the inlet structure.
Maximum Flow The flow into the outgoing link may be limited to a
specific value regardless of the capacity of the link.
Maximum Storage If no overflow node is specified the analysis module will
assume that excess link flows will be taken up in some
form of local storage, ie. a surge tank.
In many instances one would wish to take a specified
volume of flow up in local storage and then pass the
excess flow on to an overflow node.
Node Y Coordinate The Y coordinate of the node or manhole.
Node X Coordinate The X coordinate of the node or manhole.

Results
Selected results are presented on this page for your information.
Delete/Recall
This button will mark the current record for deletion or if it has already
been deleted it will remove the deletion flag. Deleted records will only be
removed from the database when you close the project and answer Yes to
the question "Do you want to remove deleted records". Once the database
has been packed it is impossible to recover the deleted records.
Find
By clicking on the button that displays the current record number, ie the
button that displays "00001:00075", you may search for a specific record.
Show
Click on this button to zoom the view around the current link.
Edit Menu 5-31

Node Data &Spreadsheet
Edit the node data in a spreadsheet

SewerEditNodeSheet
This option allows you to edit the data in a spreadsheet format. You may
cut and paste between cells in the spreadsheet.
Procedure
The Node Data spreadsheet is displayed. You may change the size of the
dialog by clicking and dragging the bottom right corner.
On fields where the data is limited to a selection a dropdown list will be

displayed. Select the desired option from the list.
You may use the following shortcuts:
Cut Ctrl+X
Copy Ctrl+C
Paste Ctrl+V
Click on OK to save your changes.

Analysis Menu
This menu allows you to analyse or evaluate part or all the
network and calculate the quantities according to SABS
1200 standards.
Analysis Menu 6-1

Network
Analyse the network flows, sizes and grades

SewerAnalysisNetwork
This option allows you to analyze the network and calculate flows, link
sizes, levels and slopes. During the analysis you will be informed by
means of a progress dialog.
Procedure
The Analysis Wizard will be displayed. The first page will vary
depending on the inflow method specified in the Design Parameters.
Unit Flow
Level Tolerance Determines the tolerance that will be allowed when

comparing the incoming and outgoing link levels in each
node.
Proportional Flow Depth Determines the maximum flow depth that will be allowed
in the links.
Infiltration Defines the percentage extra inflow due to stormwater
infiltration.
Peak Flow Used in conjunction with the attenuation curve to
calculate the attenuation at every node in the network.
6-2 Sewer Reference

fixed inlet level.
tolerance.
The Proportional Flow Depth is usually set to 80%. The Infiltration factor
is added to the calculated flows.
Click on the Next button. The Analysis options page is displayed. You
may return to this page by clicking on the Back button.
Harmon

node.
in the links – usually set to 80%.
fixed inlet level.
Analysis Menu 6-3

tolerance.
The Proportional Flow Depth is usually set to 80%.
Hydrograph

node.
in the links. Usually this will be set to 80%.
Infiltration Defines the percentage extra inflow due to stormwater
infiltration. The calculated inflows are increased by this
factor.
Time Step Defines the time increments used in the routing and
analysis of flows.
Routing Method Determines the routing method. You may use the
Continuity Equation of the Time Shift method
6-4 Sewer Reference

fixed inlet level. Normally Civil Designer will display an error message
and then adjust the inlet level of the outgoing link to be lower then the
incoming link. This setting prevents the level adjustment if the difference
is within the tolerance.
Analysis options
This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the
nodes by clicking the All option or just the selected nodes by clicking the
Selected option. For example, if you had selected only a branch using
Graphical ► Select ►Upstream the program will only analyze that portion
of the network.
If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must
select the Renumber branches and links option.
The Keep existing subnetworks option locks the subnet numbering to the
previously calculated numbering.
The Recalulate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the length
of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node
coordinates.
Analysis Menu 6-5

The Keep previously calculated levels and link sizes option locks the levels
and link sizes to the previously calculated ones, although the inflow has
been changed.
Click on the Finish button to proceed. The Output Manager dialog will be
displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log that will be
generated during the analysis. To direct the log to the Output Window
check the Screen output option.
After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be
displayed. Each window displays certain aspects of the results such as
flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the hydraulic gradient. These
windows or views are discussed in the View Menu chapter.
6-6 Sewer Reference

Quantities
Calculate the quantities

SewerAnalysisQuantities
This option allows you to calculate the quantities of the selected links in
the network according to the parameters defined in the depth
increments and the Bedding Classes.
The Print Manager will be displayed. Specify where you want the output
to be directed. Click on OK.
A progress window will be displayed during the calculation. You may
terminate the quantity analysis at any time by clicking on the Cancel
button. Thereafter the results will be displayed in a series of windows or
views as discussed in the View Menu.
Analysis Menu 6-7

Notes:
6-8 Sewer Reference

View Menu
These functions allow you to view input data,
results, quantities and link hydrographs if you are
using the Inflow Hydrograph analysis method.
Graphical Menu 7-1

Input Data
The input data views display the data you have input in the following
three windows.
Node Data
Display node input data

SewerViewInputNodeData
This view includes the following data items:

• Node name
• Next node name
• Overflow node name
• Branch number
• Link number
• Inlet condition
• Cover level
• Y coordinate
• X coordinate
• Maximum inflow
• Maximum storage
Link Data
Display link input data

SewerViewInputLinkData
1. This view includes the following data items:

• Link name
• Number of links
• Link type
• Link size or description
• Bedding class
• Minimum cover
• Length
• Fixed inlet level
• Fixed slope
7-2 Sewer Reference

Inflow Data
Display inflow input data

SewerViewInputInflowData
The data displayed by this view is determined by the inflow method.
Unit Flow
• Node name
• Point source inflow in l/s
• Number of units and inflow classes
Harmon
• Node name
• Number of contributing units
Hydrograph
• Node name
• Number of units and hydrograph names
Graphical Menu 7-3

Results
The results views display the results of the last analysis in the following
five windows.
Summary
Display a summary of the analysis

SewerViewResultsSummary
This option displays a summary of the network analysis and includes the
outfall node data. The example below is generated for the Unit Flow
method.
Results Summary
---------------
File Name: C:\CivDes63\Examples\Tutor\sewer.sew
Inflow Calculation Method = Unit Flow

Number of Nodes analyzed = 87
Outfall Data
Outfall Node = Outfall
Outlet Level = 1548.8480 m
Design Flow = 7.9740 l/s
Total Point Inflow = 1.1250 l/s
Peak Flow = 8.2640 l/s
Attenuation Factor = 0.9590
Equivalent Population = 1659
Contributing Units
Low Income = 22
Middle Income = 10
High Income = 5
Townhouse = 1
Inflow
Display the results of the inflow analysis

SewerViewResultsInflowAnalysis
This option displays the results data generated during the inflow
analysis. The data displayed will vary according to the inflow method.
Unit Flow
The data includes:
7-4 Sewer Reference

• Node name
• Next node name
• Total point source inflow in l/s
• Total Inflow in l/s
• Contributing or equivalent population
• Attenuation factor
• Design inflow in l/s
Harmon
The data includes:
• Node name
• Next node name
• Total point source inflow in l/s
• Contributing units
• Contributing population
• Average flow in l/s
• Peak factor
Hydrograph
The data includes:
• Node name
• Next node name
Flow
Display the results of the flow analysis

SewerViewResultsFlowAnalysis
Displays the results generated by the flow or hydraulic analysis. Data

items include:
• Link name
• Next link name
• Number of Links
• Link type
• Calculated size of the link
• Flow in l/s
• Capacity of the link at the specified proportional flow depth in l/s
• Velocity at peak flow in m/s
Graphical Menu 7-5

• Flow depth expressed as a percentage of the link size
Overflow
Display the results of the overflow analysis

SewerViewResultsOverflowAnalysis
Displays the results generated by the overflow analysis. Data items

include:
• Link name
• Next link name
• Inflow from the contributing units
• Design flow in l/s which is the sum of the previous two columns
• Actual flow transported by the link in l/s
• Capacity of the link at the specified proportional depth in l/s
• Overflow from the link in l/s, i.e. the difference between the design
flow and the flow.
Layout
Display the results of the layout analysis

SewerViewResultsLayoutAnalysis
This option displays data relating to the geometric position of the link.
Data items include:
• Link name
• Next link name
• Number of links
• Link type
• Calculated size in mm or the link description
• Length in m
• Slope of the link expressed as a percentage
• Inlet level of the link in m
• Outlet level of the link in m
• Cover to the link in m
7-6 Sewer Reference

Hydraulic Grade
Display the results of the hydraulic grade analysis

SewerViewResultsHydraulicAnalysis
This option displays the elevation of the hydraulic grade line as well as
other hydraulic control data. Data items include:
• Link name
• Hydraulic grade in m
• Cover level of the node (manhole) in m
• Soffit level of the link in m
• Velocity of flow in m/s
• Flow depth in the link in m
Graphical Menu 7-7

Quantities
The quantities windows display the results of the SABS1200 quantity
calculations. You must have run Analysis ► Quantities before you access
these functions.
Excavation Lengths
Display the excavation lengths

SewerViewQuantityExcLength
This option collects and displays the excavation lengths generated by the
quantity analysis. The data is sorted by link type and size and includes
the excavation length in every depth increment.
Excavation Volumes
Display the excavation volumes

SewerViewQuantityExcVolume
This option collects and displays the excavation volumes generated by

the quantity analysis. The data is sorted by link type and size and
includes the excavation volume in every depth increment as well as extra
over items for intermediate and hard material.
7-8 Sewer Reference

The trench widths are calculated from the overall width of the culvert
plus the side clearance specified in the Link Tables.
Culvert Lengths
Display the summary of culvert lengths

SewerViewQuantityCulvertLength
This function displays a summary of culvert lengths sorted by culvert

type.
Bedding and Backfill Volumes

Display the bedding, selected backfill and general backfill volumes

SewerViewQuantityBeddingVolume
This option collects and displays the bedding volume, selected backfill
and general backfill volumes of the selected links. The data is sorted by
bedding class.
Graphical Menu 7-9

The bedding classes are defined in Edit ► Bedding Classes. The selected
backfill is the backfill defined in the Invert to Fill Top (C) edit box. The
general backfill is the fill on top of the selected backfill to the top of the
trench.
Manhole Depths
Display the summary of manhole depths

SewerViewQuantityManholeDepth
This function displays a summary of manhole depths in the depth
increments specified in Edit ► Depth Increments.

Link Hydrograph
Display a hydrograph of the flow through a link

SewerViewLinkHydrograph
This option displays the inflow, outflow, and overflow hydrographs as

well as the inlet inflow on a common set of axes. It is only available for
the Hydrograph inflow method.
Procedure
The Link Hydrograph dialog will be displayed. There are two pages:
Array
Select the link from the dropdown list. The hydrograph inflow array will
be displayed in the table.
To view the graph click on the [Graph] tab.
Graphical Menu 7-11

Graph
This page displays the link inflow, outflow and overflow hydrographs, as
well as the inlet hydrograph. The graphs are plotted on one set of axes as
shown below.
Print
Click on the [Print] button to output the array and graph to a printer.
You will be able to select the destination device before printing.
Export
Click on the [Export] button to create a hydrograph file with the data
from the outflow array. The file is stored in the industry standard dBase
IV file format that can then be imported on the Node Data Inflow page.
View OutFlow / View Inflow

Click on the [View Outflow] button to display the outflow array. The
button caption will change to [View Inflow].

Multiple Hydrographs
Display a hydrograph of the flow through a link

SewerViewMultipleHydrographs
This function displays up to 10 hydrographs on a common set of axes. It

is extremely useful to see how various flows interact with each other.
This option is only available for the Hydrograph inflow method.
Procedure
The Multiple Link Hydrographs dialog will be displayed.
Links
This page allows you to select which link hydrographs to display. Select
the links from the dropdown lists.
Graphical Menu 7-13

Graph
Displays the outflow hydrographs of the selected links on a common set
of axes.

Graphical Menu
The graphical functions allow you to create and
manipulate the sewer database graphically.
Graphical Menu 8-1

Classify Nodes and Links
Convert drawing entities in database records

SewerGraphicalNodeClassify
This function allows you to create database records by indicating

drawing entities. The program will add a record to the dataset and copy
selected data into the record.
The drawing must contain circles representing the nodes with associated
text near each circle representing the node name.
Procedure
For example, in the picture below there are two circles with the node
names as text items, MH 123 and MH 124 respectively.
The program will prompt:

Classify: Indicate upstream node
Click on or near the circle that represents node MH 123. The program
will extract the centre coordinates of the circle, search for nearby text to
8-2 Sewer Reference

use as the node name, and also extract a cover level for the node from the
DTM if one is included in the project.
Classify: Indicate the downstream node (right mouse button
to stop)
Click on or near the circle representing MH 124. The Node Data dialog
will be displayed. You may now input any additional information that is
required.
Click on the [Close] button to exit the node data dialog. The nodes and
link will be displayed. The program will continue to prompt:
Classify: Indicate the downstream node (right mouse button
to stop)
Continue indicating downstream nodes or press [ESC] or [Spacebar] to

terminate the function.
Alternatively, if you want to connect the new node (MH 123) to an
existing node in the dataset (042 in this example), then click on or near
the existing node. In this instance the program will prompt for an
upstream node after you have closed the Node Data dialog.
Graphical Menu 8-3

Edit Node and Link Data
Query and edit node and link data

SewerGraphicalNodeEdit
This function allows you to query and edit existing node and link data.
Procedure
Query: Indicate node or link to query
Click on a node or link. The Node Data dialog will be displayed with the
relevant data.
Press [ESC] or [Spacebar] to terminate the function.
8-4 Sewer Reference

Select
The select functions allow you to select nodes and links individually,
upstream from a specific point, or all the nodes and links. You can also
clear an existing selection.
The network analysis and the quantity calculations are only done on
selected records. In addition, the Cover Level and Set Parameters
functions only operate on selected records.
The display is updated when you activate the selection functions to
highlight all the selected nodes and links. Upon completion of the
selection functions the nodes and links will be re-drawn normally.
Single
Select a single node and link

SewerGraphicalSelectSingle
This function allows you to select or de-select a single node and link.
Procedure
Select: Indicate link to select
Click on the node or link you want to select or de-select. The display will
be updated to reflect the status of the node and link.
Branch
Select the nodes and links with the same Subnetwork and Branch numbers

SewerGraphicalSelectBranch
This function allows you to select all the nodes and links with the same
subnetwork and branch numbers by selecting one of the links in the
branch.
Procedure
Graphical Menu 8-5
Select Branch: Indicate link to start branch trace
Place the cursor on a link and click. All the nodes and links with the
same subnet and branch number as the indicated node or link will be
selected.
Upstream
Select the nodes and links upstream from a specified point

SewerGraphicalSelectUpstream
This function allows you to select all the nodes and links upstream from
a specified point. The program will clear the existing selection and then
track and select all nodes and links upstream of the indicated point.
Procedure
Select Upstream: Indicate link to start upstream trace
Place the cursor on a link and click. All the nodes and links upstream of
the indicated node or link will be selected.
All
Select all the nodes and links

SewerGraphicalSelectAll
This function allows you to select all the nodes and links in a data set.
Procedure
The program will redraw the network in selected mode.
Clear
Clear all the selected nodes and links

SewerGraphicalSelectClear
This function allows you to de-select all the nodes and links in a data set.
8-6 Sewer Reference

Procedure
The program will redraw the network in normal mode.
Toggle Show Selected

Toggle between showing the selection highlighted or normal.

SewerToggleShowSelected
This function allows you to switch the display of the selected node and
links on or off. The program will redraw the selected section of the
network in normal mode and on the next click back in selected mode.
Graphical Menu 8-7

Add Node
Add a node and link

SewerGraphicalNodeAdd
This function allows you to graphically add a node and link to the data
set.
Procedure
Add Node: Indicate position of new node
Indicate the position of the new node. You may use any of the snap
modes to do so. Once you have clicked with the mouse or pressed Enter
the program will prompt:
Add Node: Input New Node Name
Type in a new node name and click on . The node will be drawn and
the program will prompt:
Add Node: Indicate the next downstream node (right mouse
button to stop)
If you click on an existing node the program will insert the existing
node's name into the next node field and display the Node Data dialog. If
you click on a new node position the program will ask for the name of the
second new node before displaying the Node Data dialog.
The program will extract the Cover Level from the specified terrain
model surface and calculate the length of the link automatically. The
program will continue to prompt:
Add Node: Indicate position of new node
8-8 Sewer Reference

Delete Node
Delete an existing node

SewerGraphicalNodeDelete
This function allows you to graphically delete a node and it's associated
link from the data set.
Procedure
Delete Node: Indicate node to delete
Position the cursor on the node to be deleted and click with the left
mouse button. The node will be marked as deleted and the screen re-
drawn.
The node may be recalled by opening the Node Data dialog, displaying
the deleted record and clicking on the Recall button.
The program will continue to prompt:
Delete Node: Indicate node to delete
Indicate additional nodes or press [ESC] or the [Spacebar] to terminate

the function.
Graphical Menu 8-9

Insert Node
Insert a node into an existing link

SewerGraphicalNodeInsert
This function allows you to graphically insert a node into an existing link.
Procedure
Insert Node: Indicate link to insert new node
Position the cursor near to the existing link to be "cut" and click. The
cursor will snap onto the link and the program will prompt you for the
name of the inserted node:
Insert Node: Input New Node Name
Type in the name of the inserted node and click on ü. The Node Data
dialog will be displayed.
The program will extract the Cover Level from the specified terrain
model surface and calculate the length of the link automatically. It will
also adjust the length of the cut link.
Insert Node: Indicate link to insert new node
Indicate additional nodes or press ESC or the Spacebar to terminate the

function.

Connect Node
Define the connectivity between nodes

SewerGraphicalNodeConnect
This function allows you to graphically define or change the connectivity

between nodes. If you change the connectivity of an existing link it will
be removed.
Procedure
Connect Node: Indicate node
Position the cursor on the upstream node and click. The program will
remove the existing link (if any) and prompt:
Connect Node: Indicate downstream node to connect to (right
mouse button to stop)
Position the cursor on the downstream node and click. The link will be
drawn in the new position. The link from the downstream node will now
be erased from the display.
Connect Node: Indicate downstream node to connect to (right
mouse button to stop)
Continue to indicate additional downstream nodes or press [ESC] or the

[Spacebar] to terminate the function.
Graphical Menu 8-11

Move Node
Move an existing node

SewerGraphicalNodeMove
This function allows you to graphically move a node and it's incoming
and outgoing links. The program will automatically extract the Cover
Level from the specified terrain model surface and re-calculate the
lengths of all the links connected to the node.
Procedure
Move Node: Indicate node to move
Position the cursor close to the node to be moved and click. The cursor
will snap to the centre of the node and the program will prompt:
Move Node: Indicate new position of node
As you move the cursor the display is updated to show the position of the
node and it's attached links. Move the cursor to the new position and
click or press [Enter]. You may use the snap modes to place the node
accurately.

Cover Levels
Update node cover levels

SewerGraphicalNodeCoverLevels
This function will extract levels from the digital terrain model and
update the node cover levels of all the selected nodes.
Procedure
The DTM Surfaces dialog will be displayed.
Specify the surface to be used to interpolate the cover level and click on
[OK]. The program will scan the database and extract a cover level for
each selected node. If no nodes have been selected the following error
message will be displayed:
No nodes selected
Use the Graphical ► Select functions to select nodes.
Graphical Menu 8-13

Set Parameters
Update node and link parameters

SewerGraphicalSetParameters
This function allows you to set or change certain parameters of selected

nodes and links.
Procedure
The Set Parameters dialog is displayed.
To change one of the displayed items click on the check box. Thereafter
specify the value to set in the list or control on the right of the item. Once
you have set all the items you wish to change click on [OK]. All the
selected nodes and links will be updated.
If no nodes have been selected the following error message will be
displayed:
No nodes or links selected
Use the Graphical ► Select functions to select nodes.

Clashes
Check for clashes between two services

GraphicalClashes
This function checks for clashes between any two services such as sewer,
storm, water or roads. The second service must be part of the project.
See Edit Project for details on setting up a project.
Procedure
The Service Clashes dialog is displayed.
Select which two services to test for clashes in the dropdown lists and
specify the clearance required between the services. In the example
above the program will test the sewer and stormwater networks for a
clearance of 0.3m between links.
Click on the Check button to start the analysis. As a clash is found the
details are displayed on the table as shown below.
In the example above the sewer culvert from node 016 to node 015
clashes with the storm culvert between nodes 7 and 8. To view the
position of the clash right click on the table. The Design Centre display
will be changed to position the clash on the centre of the screen as shown
in the following illustration.
Graphical Menu 8-15

Click on the [Close] button to return to the Design Centre.

Rename
Rename existing node.

SewerGraphicalNodeRename
This option allows you to graphically change the node names.
Procedure
The program will prompt.
Rename : Indicate node to rename
Position the cursor on the node to rename and click. The program will
read and show the existing node name and prompt:
Rename : Input new node name
Type in the new name for the node and click on the tick. The program
will continue to prompt:
Rename : Indicate node to rename
Continue to change node names or press [ESC] to terminate the function.
Graphical Menu 8-17

Renumber Branches
Renumber existing branches.

SewerGraphicalBranchRenumber
This option allows you to graphically change the numbering of the

branches.
Procedure
Renumber branches : Indicate branch to renumber
Position the cursor on the branch to renumber and click. The program
will read and show the existing branch number and prompt:
Renumber : Input new branch number
Type in the new branch number for the branch and click on the tick. The
program will continue to prompt:
Renumber branches : Indicate branch to renumber
Continue to change branch numbers or press [ESC] to terminate the

function.

Create Subnetwork
Create new subnetworks from a selection in an existing network.

SewerCreateSubnet
This option allows you to graphically select a section of an existing

network and create a new sub-network from it.
Procedure
Create subnetwork : Indicate link to start upstream trace
Position the cursor on the branch where upstream trace must start and
click. The program will trace all the branches and links upstream from
the link and highlight them. A confirmation window will be displayed
asking:
Create subnetwork from selection?
Click on the YES button if you are happy with the selection. The print
manager will open and you can select options for the output type. The
renumbering of the subnetwork will be spooled to the specified output
options. The program will continue to prompt:
Create subnetwork : Indicate link to start upstream trace
Continue to create another sub-network or press [ESC] to terminate the

function.
Graphical Menu 8-19

Vertical Alignment
Display or Edit link vertical alignment.

SewerQuickLongSection
This option allows the designer to view a quick vertical alignment of the
branches and links of the network and to edit the invert levels of the
manholes. The Soft material line will be displayed on the long section as
well as the Intermediate and Hard material lines if these surfaces are
available.
Procedure
The Longitudinal Section dialog will be displayed.
The vertical alignment of subnetwork 1, branch 1 will be shown. The

designer can scroll through the vertical alignment of the whole network
by changing the subnetwork and branch numbers.

Toolbar The toolbar on the left of the window allows the designer
to move the invert level of the manholes up or down.
There are also four zoom buttons for zoom functions in
the graphical display. (Zoom Window, Zoom In, Zoom
Out and Zoom All)
Display The designer can select the detail options that he want
displayed in the legend at the bottom of the graphical
presentation of the vertical alignment.
Select Change the Subnetwork and Branch numbers to view the
vertical alignment of different sections of the network.
Graphical Menu 8-21

Notes:

Settings Menu
The Settings Menu allows you to specify the index
order of the input data or results views, rebuild the
database index, specify the DTM surfaces from which
to extract cover and other levels, and change the
display settings.
Settings Menu 9-1

Index Order
To change to display order of dataset records

SewerDatabaseOrder
This function allows you to change the order of the records in the Node
Edit dialog and the various View options.
Procedure
The Node Data Index dialog is displayed.
Click on the arrow on the right to display a list of the available indexes.
Click on [OK] to set the order.
Any views (input data or results) that are currently open will be updated
to display the data in the selected order. The Node Data dialog will also
display the records in the active index order.
9-2 Sewer Reference

Rebuild Index
To re-create the index files

SewerReIndex
This function rebuilds the database index and re-calculates the

geographic index for each node and link.
You may sometimes have to run this function if the data is not being
displayed correctly or if the Zoom ► All function is not displaying the
entire network.
Procedure
The index will be rebuilt and the display refreshed to the extents of the
network data.
Settings Menu 9-3

DTM Surface
To specify which DTM surfaces must be used

SewerDTMSurface
This function allows you to specify which DTM surfaces must be used to
extract the soft, intermediate and hard ground lines.
Procedure
The DTM Surfaces dialog will be displayed.
Specify which surface must be used for each material type by clicking on
the arrow and selecting a surface from the dropdown list. Thereafter
specify the search distance for relevant DTM data. Usually a search
distance of 100m will be sufficient. On digital terrain models with very
sparse data you should increase the search distance to 2 x the average
distance between survey points.
Click on [OK] to store the settings.
9-4 Sewer Reference

Display Settings
Opens the Display Settings Dialog

DisplaySettings
This dialog allows you to specify the items that should shown in the
graphical display and the manner in which they should be displayed.
Procedure
The Display Settings dialog is displayed.
Show sewer layout Check this option to display the Sewer layout.
Annotation Font Select the font to be used for all annotations on the Stormwater
layout.
Settings Menu 9-5

Symbol - Pen The node is displayed as a circle in the specified colour. To
change the colour click the button and select a colour from the
Colour dialog.
Symbol - Size on Specify the size of the circle in millimeters on paper. Use the
paper arrows to step through a list of available sizes.
Symbol - Linetype Specify the line type the circle must be drawn in. Use the
arrows to step through a list of available line styles.
Annotations - Pen The node annotations are displayed in the specified colour. To
Colour dialog.
Annotations - Size Specify the node annotation text size in points.
Annotations - Box Check this option to have a box filled in the current drawing
background colour placed behind the annotation text. This is a
useful option if you wish to blank out portions of the underlying
data in order to highlight the text.
Annotations - Specify an offset in metres horizontally from the actual node
Horizontal offset position at which the annotation text origin should be placed.
Annotations - Specify an offset in metres vertically from the actual node
Vertical offset position at which the annotation text origin should be placed.
Annotations - Text Select one of the 8 available positions for the annotation text
label origin origin. The centre position is the actual node position.
Annotations - Node Enter the text to be written as annotation at each node. A
text number of variables are available. These are {NAME},
{COVER}, {INVERT} and {DEPTH}. Right click the relevant cell
to select from a menu.
9-6 Sewer Reference

Line - Default Pen The link is displayed as a line in the specified colour if Colour
Scheme (see below) is set to Default. To change the colour
click the button and select a colour from the Colour dialog.
Line - Width on Specify the width of the line in millimeters on paper. Use the
paper arrows to step through a list of available sizes.
Line - Linetype Specify the line style. Use the arrows to step through a list of
available line styles.
Line - Arrow Length Specify the length and width (in millimetres on paper) of the
and Width flow direction arrow. Use the arrows to step through a list of
available sizes.
Line - Colour Select the design item by which the link colours should be
Scheme determined. The options here are Default (which uses the
default line pen as specified previously), Size, Slope, Capacity,
Flow, Velocity and Depth of Flow.
Line - Range Start Enter the minimum value for the selected design item. Only
available when Colour Scheme is not set to Default.
Line - Increment Enter the increment value for each step in the range of values.
There are 20 steps in the range. Only available when Colour
Scheme is not set to Default.
Annotation - Pen The link annotations are displayed in the specified colour. To
Colour dialog.
Annotation - Size Specify the link annotation text size in points. Use the arrows to
step through a list of available sizes.
Annotation - Offset Enter the offset in metres from the annotation text to the link.
distance The text label origin will be moved away from the link by that
amount.
Settings Menu 9-7

Annotation - Box Check this option to have a box filled in the current drawing
background colour placed behind the annotation text. This is a
useful option if you wish to blank out portions of the underlying
data in order to highlight the text.
Annotation - Text Enter the text to be written as annotation for each link. A
above and below number of variables are available. These are {SIZE}, {TYPE},
link {LENGTH}, {BEDDING}, {SLOPE}, {RATIOSLOPE}, {FLOW},
{CAPACITY}, {VELOCITY}, {DEPTH}, {FIXEDSIZE},
{FIXEDSLOPE} and {FIXEDRATIOSLOPE}. Right click the
relevant cell to select from a menu. You may also define the
number of decimals for numeric items. For example, an item
"{LENGTH.1}" will display the length of the link to 1 decimal.
The default display is 3 decimals.
Colour Range Click the relevant button to change the colour assigned to that
particular range item.
Fill in the relevant data and click the [OK] button to continue.
9-8 Sewer Reference

Index
A
Add Node ........................................................................................................... 8-22
Analysis ............................................................................................. 7-8, 8-19, 8-29
ASCII .................................................................................................................. 4-19
ASCII file ........................................................................................................... 4-19
B
Backfill Volumes ................................................................................................ 7-8
Bedding.............................................................................................................. 4-19
Bedding Classes ................................................................................................. 7-8
Volumes.......................................................................................................... 4-19
C
Calculate ........................................................................................... 7-8, 8-22, 8-24
Clashes ............................................................................................................... 8-29
Classify Nodes................................................................................................... 8-16
Colebrook-White ................................................................................................ 2-6
Connect Node ................................................................................................... 8-25
Coordinate ..................................................................................................7-2, 8-16
Cover Level ................................................ 4-19, 7-2, 8-16, 8-19, 8-22, 8-24, 8-27
Culvert Lengths.........................................................................................4-19, 7-8
D
D'Arcy-Weisbach ................................................................................................ 2-5
DBase IV file ..................................................................................................... 7-11
Delete Node....................................................................................................... 8-23
Depth .................................................................................................................... 7-8
Depth Increments .....................................................................................4-19, 7-8
design
attenuation of unit flows ............................................................................... 2-2
harmon flows................................................................................................... 2-4
Design Centre ................................................................................................... 8-29
Design Parameters .......................................................................................... 4-19
DTM.............................................................................................................8-16, 9-4
DTM Surface....................................................................................................... 9-4
E
Edit Node........................................................................................................... 8-18
Excavation Lengths..................................................................................4-19, 7-8
Excavation Volumes .................................................................................4-19, 7-8
F
File Menu .............................................................................................................4-1
Flow
resistance..........................................................................................................2-5
G
Grade ..................................................................................................................4-19
Ground Lines ......................................................................................................9-4
H
Hard Material............................................................................................ 4-19, 7-8
Harmon....................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2
Hazen-Williams...................................................................................................2-5
Hydrograph ............................................................................ 4-19, 7-2, 7-11, 7-13
Hydrographs............................................................................................ 7-11, 7-13
I
inflow
Harmon.............................................................................................................2-4
unit flow
example ........................................................................................................2-3
formula .........................................................................................................2-2
Inflow ....................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2, 7-11, 7-13
Inflow Class ............................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2
Inflow Data ..........................................................................................................7-2
Input Data............................................................................................................7-2
Insert Node ........................................................................................................8-24
Interpolate .........................................................................................................8-27
Invert........................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-8
L
Link Data ..........................................................................................4-19, 7-2, 8-18
Link Type............................................................................................4-19, 7-2, 7-8
Links 7-2, 7-8, 7-11, 7-13, 8-16, 8-18, 8-19, 8-23, 8-24, 8-25, 8-26, 8-28, 8-29, 9-
3
M
Manhole Conditions.........................................................................................4-19
Manhole Depths........................................................................................ 4-19, 7-8
Maximum Storage.................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2
Maximum Velocity ...........................................................................................4-19
Minimum Cover........................................................................................ 4-19, 7-2
Minimum Velocity............................................................................................4-19
Move Node .........................................................................................................8-26
Multiple Hydrographs .....................................................................................7-13
N
Network ............................................................................................ 8-19, 8-29, 9-3
Node Data............................................4-19, 7-2, 8-16, 8-18, 8-22, 8-23, 8-24, 9-2
Node Name..............................................................................7-2, 8-16, 8-22, 8-24
O
Option settings.................................................................................................. 4-25
Output ................................................................................................................ 4-22
Overflow Node...........................................................................................4-19, 7-2
P
Plot ...................................................................................................................... 7-11
Point Source ..............................................................................................4-19, 7-2
Project
new .................................................................................................................... 4-2
open................................................................................................................... 4-7
save.................................................................................................................... 4-9
Q
Quantities ......................................................................................... 4-19, 7-8, 8-19
R
Results................................................................................................................ 4-19
Road.................................................................................................................... 8-29
S
SABS1200 ............................................................................................................ 7-8
Select .................................................................................................................. 8-19
Set Parameters ........................................................................................8-19, 8-28
Sewer.................................................................................................................. 8-29
Side Clearance.................................................................................................... 7-8
Spool ................................................................................................................... 4-24
Storm.................................................................................................................. 8-29
Stormwater ....................................................................................................... 8-29
U
Unit ....................................................................................................................... 7-2
Unit Flow ....................................................................................................4-19, 7-2
V
Volumes ......................................................................................................4-19, 7-8
Bedding .......................................................................................................... 4-19
W
Water .................................................................................................................. 8-29

Sewer V6.3: Reference Manual

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Sewer V6.3: Reference Manual

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SEWER V6.

TUTORIAL - SEWER DESIGN

Where do I go from here?

Conventions used in this manual

Clicking means to press and release a mouse button quickly.

1-2 Sewer Reference

1-4 Sewer Reference

Basic Theory 2-1

2-2 Sewer Reference

Peak Flow Rate = avg daily flow x peak factor

Design Flow Rate = Peak flow + extraneous flow

Therefore, for 322 units

Basic Theory 2-3

2-4 Sewer Reference

The Manning Equation

The D'Arcy-Weisbach formulation

Basic Theory 2-5

2-6 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-1

3-2 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-3

3-4 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-5

3-6 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-7

3-8 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-9

To define the text to be placed above the

The edit control will be updated to display

Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated as follows:

3-10 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-11

3-12 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-13

3-14 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-15

3-16 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-17

3-18 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-19

3-20 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-21

Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH} and {RATIOSLOPE} by right-

3-22 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-23

Click on the [OK] button to start printing.

3-24 Sewer Reference

Select the “:\CivDes63\Examples\SheetFiles\Plan.sht” sheet file. Click on

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-25

3-26 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-27

3-28 Sewer Reference

Tutorial - Sewer Design 3-29

3-30 Sewer Reference

File Menu 4-1

Icon Button Toolbar Shortcut Command

4-2 Sewer Reference

Click on Yes to create the DTM file.

File Menu 4-3

Click on Yes to create the sewer database file.

Click on Yes to create the storm database file.

4-4 Sewer Reference

Scale factor at prime longitude