TRANSPORTATION

Transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location
to another. In ancient times, new places were explored and also nowadays, space is
being discovered through transportation. If nothing moves, nothing happens. So,
Transport is important because it enables trade between people, which is essential for
the development of civilizations.

Many things are invented for transportation until now, The wheel was invented
in 3000 BC. In the Industrial Revolution, the first steamboats and later diesel-powered
ships were developed. Modern rail transport system first appeared in England in the
1820s. During the 17th and 18th century, when gases such as hydrogen were
discovered which is turn led to the invention of hydrogen balloons. And now, we can
see the innovation of transportation, like autonomous vehicle and etc.

According to their places, transportation can be divided into three groups which
are land, air and water transportation.

The first group is land transportation. Car, motorcycle, bike, trucks are the
example of this group. These vehicles move on wheels and they can go everywhere
on land. Land transportation is the most common way in the world. It is always
preferred for short distances. Most of us use this way every day. Modes of land
transportation are Rail, Road and Cable.

Rail transport is part of this group. Rail transport is where a train runs along a
set of two parallel steel trails, known as railway or railroad. Alternative methods include
monorail and maglev. The train can be powered by steam, diesel, or by electricity
supplied by trackside systems. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than
rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more energy efficient. Modern high-speed
rail is capable of speeds up to 350km/h, but this requires specially built track.
Nowadays, many Developed countries use this modes of transportation.

Road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. Roads
are typically smoothed, paved or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel. In urban
areas, roads may pass through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a
dual function as urban space easement and route. The common road vehicle is the
automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Other users of
roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians. As of 2002, there
were 590 million automobiles worldwide. Automobiles have caused air pollution which
results to people getting Asthma.

Road transportation offers a complete freedom to road users to transfer the

vehicle from one lane to the other and from one road to another according to the need
and convenience. This flexibility of changes location, direction, speed, and timings of
travel is not available to other modes of transport. It is possible to provide door to door
service only by road transportation.

Automobiles offer high flexibility and with low capacity, but are deemed with
high energy and area use, and the main source of noise and air pollution in cities;
buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility.

Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of
internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions
include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts.

The second group is water transportation. This group includes ships, boats,
ferries and yachts. This way is used since ancient times. Water or sea way is the
slowest way. However, sea vehicles can be very big. Therefore, they can transport
huge amounts. Due to its weight, the transportation of water is very energy intensive
and more efficient than rail transportation. The importance of sea travel for passengers
has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises.
Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air.

The major waterways of the world, including many canals are still very important
and integral parts of worldwide economies. Virtually, any material can be moved by
water; however, water transportation becomes impractical when material delivery is
highly time-critical such as various types of perishable produce.

However, water transport is highly cost effective with regular pipeline of

schedulable cargoes, such as trans-oceanic shipping of consumer products—and
especially for heavy loads or bulk cargos, such as coal, coke, ores and grains.
Arguably, the industrial revolution took place best where cheap water transport by
canal, navigations, or shipping by all types of water craft on natural waterways
supported cost effective bulk transport.
 And the last is Air Transportation. Airplanes, helicopters, cargo planes and
jumbo jets are the member of this group. Although this way was used for wars,
nowadays it is mostly used for passenger transportation. Since it is the fastest way
and there so many airlines that offer low-budget tickets, it became very common way.
People can go to another country in a few hours by using this way.

Transportation is already in our daily life and we need to use it. So it is the one
of indispensable thing in our life. We always need to go from somewhere to another
and goods needs to be transported. For all these, there are different modes of
transportations. We always use land to go home, school or anywhere else. So we can
reach land vehicles everywhere. Goods are always transported by ships. It is slower,
but it is cheap and it can take huge amounts. For long distances we always use
airlines, as it is so fast we can reach everywhere we ike. Namely, transportation is part
of our life.