If Clauses / Conditionals

/ If you spend too much time in the sun/ , / you will get sunburned. /
If clause main clause
/ If it rains, / you will get wet./
/ You will get wet / if it rains. /

If Clause type 0: - to express something which is always true, the laws of nature.

If Clause Main Clause

If + Present Simple Present Simple
If you drop the ice in water it floats.
If you mix blue and yellow you get green.

If Clause type 1: - to express a possible situation in the present or the future

If Clause Main Clause

If + Present Simple Future Simple
Imperative
can / must / may + infinitive
If you go to Paris (Present Simple) you will see the Eiffel Tower. (Future Simple)
If the phone rings, (PresentSimple) answer it! (Imperative)
If you go to New York (Present Simple) you must / can see the Statue of Liberty.
(modal+infinitive)

If Clause type 2: - to express an imaginary or unlikely situation in the present or future

If Clause Main Clause

If + *Past Simple would+ infinitive
could / might +infinitive
If I had the time I would take a sport.
If John were here he would help us.
If I were you I would tell the truth.
If I learned a lot I could pass / I might pass the exam.

If Clause type 3: - to express an imaginary situation which is contrary to facts in the past; criticism / regret

If Clause Main Clause

If + *Past Perfect (had + 3rd form of verb)
If she had tried more
If she had called earlier
If Jane hadn’t overslept
would+ could / might +have + 3rd form of verb
she would have passed the exam.
I could have told /might have told her about the
meeting.
she wouldn’t have been late for work.

*in case- dupa in case ( in caz ca)- intotdeauna Present Simple sau Past Simple
I always take a bar of chocolate, in case I get hungry.
She took a sweater in case it got cold.
*unless- replaces if ... not in a conditional clause; dupa unless intotdeauna verbul este la forma afirmativa
If the weather doesn’t improve, we will cancel the game.
(negative form)
Unless the weather improves, we will cancel the game.
(affirmative form)