Brain Computer Interface

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Brain Computer Interface - Presentation Transcript
Brain Computer Interface
by- MANEESH RANJAN MCA 4th Sem. SJCE,MYSORE
Overview
Introduction
Application
History
What is BCI
Structure and signals
Architecture/Logical structure
Brain waves
Functionality
Future Work
Conclusion
References
Introduction
It is the study of brain functions
BCI are system that provide translation of the electrical activity of the hu
man brain into command which can control device in real time.
An Electroencephalogram based Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) provides a new
communication channel between the human brain and a computer.
Applications
Bioengineering applications: assist devices for disabled people.
Human subject monitoring: sleep disorders, neurological diseases, attention
monitoring, and/or overall "mental state".
Neuroscience research: real-time methods for correlating observable behavior
with recorded neural signals.
Man – Machine Interaction: Interface devices between human and computers, mach
ines.
History- Discovering the Basics
1924: Hans Berger discovers the EEG
Analyses the interrelation of EEG and brain diseases.
1970: First developments to use brain waves as input
ARPA has vision of enhanced human
First step in the right direction
History-Monkey first
1990: First successful experiments with monkeys
Implanting electrode arrays into monkey brains
Recording of monkeys‘ brain waves
2000: Monkeys control robots by thoughts
History - … Humans follow
 More non-invasive than invasive approaches
Brain reading by eg. EEG, MEG or fMRI
2004: First human benefits from research
KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERS
RESEARCH DISCIPLINES
Engineering
Clinical ...
Psychological
Neuroscience
KEY ISSUES IN BCI RESEARCH AND USERS
Target users:
Researchers - clinical researchers, neuroscientists, signal processing e
xperts, etc.
Technical operators - caregivers, therapists who are in charge of traini
ng someone on BCI operation.
End-users -people with disabilities who rely on the system for communica
tion
Casual end-users -those who use a BCI as an alternative input for entert
ainment devices.
What is BCI
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI)
Interaction between the human neural system and machines
Goal
Enabling people (especially disabled) to communicate and control devices by
mere thinking.
BCI is a control system
Structure of a BCI
Structure of a BCI
1) Signal Acquisition: the EEG signals are obtained from the brain through i
nvasive or non-invasive methods (for example, electrodes). After, the signal is
amplified and sampled.
2) Signal Pre-Processing: once the signals are acquired, it is necessary to
clean them.
3) Signal Classification: once the signals are cleaned, they will be process
ed and classified to find out which kind of mental task the subject is performin
g.
4) Computer Interaction: once the signals are classified, they will be used
by an appropriate algorithm for the development of a certain application.
Signal Processing
Feature Extraction
The Translation Algorithm
Output Device
Any controllable machines
For answering yes/no questions
For word processing
Wheelchair
Virtual Reality
Usually, Computer screen and the output is the selection of targets or curso
r movement
Existing Solution
Successful Story, Wearable BCI
A successful transition of the whole BCI system to the portable device
No machine learning
Limited computational power (limited signal processing)
BCI2000
A general-purpose system for (BCI) research
Source Module (new device new driver)
Signal Processing Module (reusable, No Machine Learning)
User Application Module (UDP/IP support to be running in any machine)
Platform
 Microsoft Windows™ 2000/XP
C++ language
Wearable BCI
Mobility
Communication technologies
Bluetooth
802.11(wire less –WLAN)
GSM/GPRS
PDA instead of stationary computer
Dry Electrode instead of wet (reducing montage time)
Making the BCI transparent
No need to change electrodes for a reasonable long time
Architecture
Logical scheme of BCI
Increase of performance
appropriate feature extraction
Modification ofBrain Signals
Signal Features
computer training
user training
Psychological
Effort(Intention)
Classification
Of Intent
Environment
appropriate feedback strategy
Characteristics of Brainwaves
Theta waves [4, 7.5] associated with reverie, daydreaming, meditation, c
reative ideas
Delta waves [0,4] Hz associated with deep sleep and in the awake state w
ere thought to indicates physical defects in the brain.
Characteristics of Brainwaves
Alpha wave(8-13hz)-its indicates both a relaxed and attention mode of th
e brain.
Beta wave(13-30 hz)-it is the brain wave usually associated with activit
y thinking, active attention.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN WAVES
Gamma waves-within 35Hz-it reflect the mechanism of consciousness.
Mu wave(8-12)hz –associated with Motor activity,
Mu and alpha waves
Functionality of BCI
Steps for the function of BCI.
1.user wired to a multi-electrode EEG skin cap, which is connected to a pc r
unning BCI2000.
2.user of the signal asked to generate a series of signals.
3.EEG potential record and analyze the signal
4.the software attempt to match these signal to previous recorded signals.
5.at last identified words are wrapped on output devices like-screen or spee
ch synthesizer.
Risk factors and alternate solution
Undergone through hurdle brain surgery.
New surgery for each up gradation
Risky and complicated eyes surgery.
Use wearable computing devices.
External device is good option.
Glasses and Lasik operation is best options.
Current Projects
Berlin Brain-Computer-Interface
Joint Venture of several German research organisations
Supported by the Ministry of Education and Research
Graz Brain-Computer-Interface
Wide range of research topics
Impressive combination of BCI and FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation)
Future Work
Virtual Reality
Bluesense,Sniff mode
Bluesense, Security
Conclusions
Distributed framework
Controlling the Breakout video game through brain signals
BluesenseAD No ribbon cable
Acceptable delay, sampling frequency
Reliable
Robust
Game Server Application
TCP support
Simplicity
Video Game
Suitable for BCI experiment
Can be run on Java-enabled handsets
REFERENCES
[1] IEEE Xplorer Digital Library website(Through SJCE Server)
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore
[2] Wikipedia - internet encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface
Any Questions..…?
Thank You……