203 Cau (2)

51 C use
verbal oral, spoken, unwritten
Opposite non-verbal, unspoken, written
use utilize, make use of, employ
52 D 53 D 54 C 55 D 56 D
rough adj difficult and unpleasant
SYNONYM TOUGH, difficult, hard, arduous
He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems).
We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work).
demanding adj (of a piece of work) needing a lot of skill, patience, effort, etc. /
difficult, challenging, tough, hard
The work is physically demanding.
the most demanding challenge I have ever faced
tender adj (of food) easy to bite through and cut
This meat is extremely tender.
Boil the beans until they are tender.
Opposite tough
57 A
can’t make head nor tail of something to be unable to understand something
I couldn't make head nor tail of what he was saying.
leaflet a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free to advertise
or give information about something
SYNONYM BOOKLET, PAMPHLET, brochure, flyer, handout
a leaflet on local places of interest
Pick up a free leaflet from your local post office.
58 D
lastly adv (sentence adverb) used when telling someone the last thing at the end of
a list or a series of statements
Opposite firstly
Lastly, could I ask all of you to keep this information secret.
eventually adv at the end of a period of time or a series of events
Our flight eventually left five hours late.
She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and eventually work for ‘The
Times’.
finally adv after a long time, especially when there has been some difficulty or delay
SYNONYM EVENTUALLY
The performance finally started half an hour late.
The law was finally passed in May 2009.
59 A 60 C
modify something (grammar) a word, such as an adjective or adverb,
that modifies another word or group of words describes it or restricts its meaning in
some way
 In ‘walk slowly’, the adverb ‘slowly’ modifies the verb ‘walk’.
61 D
compliment [countable] a remark that expresses praise or admiration of somebody /
commendation, praise, alaimcc
to pay somebody a compliment (= to praise them for something)
‘You understand the problem because you're so much older.’ ‘I'll take that as a
compliment!’
compliment somebody (on something)
praise somebody/something for something/for doing something He praised his
team for their performance.
praise somebody/something as something Critics praised the work as highly
original.
commend somebody (for something/for doing something) | commend somebody
(on something/on doing something) to praise somebody/something, especially
publicly
She was commended on her handling of the situation.
acclaim somebody/something as something
The work was acclaimed as a masterpiece.
not at all used as a polite reply to an expression of thanks
‘Thanks very much for your help.’ ‘Not at all, it was a pleasure.’
don’t mention it (informal) used as a polite answer when somebody has thanked you
for something
SYNONYM you’re welcome
‘Thanks for all your help.’ ‘Don't mention it.’
62 D
I take (a) pride in my work.
pride yourself on something/on doing something
63 A 64 C 65 A
gather assemble, get together
66 A
effort (to do something) The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save
money.
diffuse to make a bad feeling or situation less strong or serious
an attempt to diffuse his anger
67 D 68 B 69 A
workload the amount of work that has to be done by a particular person or
organization
a heavy workload
We have taken on extra staff to cope with the increased workload.
the burden (of something) | a burden (on/to somebody) a duty, responsibility, etc.
that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden
the heavy tax burden on working people
70 B
 suspicious (of somebody/something) not willing or able to trust
somebody/something
SYNONYM SCEPTICAL, , sceptical, distrustful, mistrustful
I was suspicious of his motives.
Many were suspicious of reform.
He was arrested on suspicion of murder.
trust have faith in, place one's trust in, put one's trust in, have confidence in,
have every confidence in, believe in, rely on, depend on, bank on, count on,
confide in
71 B
look after take care of, care for, attend to, tend
look into investigate, explore, research
72 B 73 C
busy occupied, occupied in, engaged in, involved in
74 B 75 C 76 B
knock at/on something Somebody was knocking on the window.
sofa couch
77 C 78 D 79 D 80 A
effort (to do something) The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save
money.
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
81 C 82 B
dependable a reliable, trustworthy
Opposite unreliable
83 A
close-knit adj (also less frequent closely-knit) (of a group of people) having strong
relationships with each other and taking a close, friendly interest in each other’s
activities and problems
the close-knit community of a small village
feeling sensation, sentiment, emotion
come up arise, occur, happen, come about
frankly candidly, directly, straightforwardly, openly, honestly, truthfully
84 C
willing ready, prepared, disposed
afford [no passive] (usually used with can or could, especially in negative sentences
and questions) if you say that you can’t afford to do something, you mean that you
should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do
afford to do something We cannot afford to ignore this warning.
afford something We cannot afford any more delays.
risk danger, peril, jeopardy, hazard
85 B
protect safeguard, shield, defend, guard
decay the process or result of being destroyed by natural causes or by not being cared
for (= of decaying) /
 tooth decay
The landlord had let the building fall into decay.
86 B
argument quarrel, disagreement, fight, dispute, row
87 B
caring adj kind, helpful, and showing that you care about other people / kind, kind-
hearted, warm-hearted, soft-hearted
He's a very caring person.caring parents
Children need a caring environment.
a caring profession (= a job that involves taking care of or helping other
people)
88 D
under the weather (informal) if you are or feel under the weather, you feel slightly
sick and not as well as usual
89 B
effort (to do something) The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save
money.
Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
90 C
accept, bear, shoulder, assume, take (on/over) responsibility
91 A
elder [only before noun] (old-fashioned or formal) (of people, especially two
members of the same family)older
my elder brotherhis elder sister
the elder (old-fashioned or formal) used without a noun immediately after it to show
who is the older of two people
the elder of their two sons
92 C 93 D
put pressure on somebody (to do something) to force or to try to persuade someone
to do something
Advertisements put pressure on girls to be thin.
workload C the amount of work that a person or organization has to do
She’s struggling to cope with the heavy workload.
increase/reduce/add to etc somebody’s workload We’ve got to find ways of
reducing Gail’s workload next year.
the burden (of something) | a burden (on/to somebody) a duty, responsibility, etc.
that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden
the heavy tax burden on working people
94 B 95 A
base foundation, basis
96 D
willing ready, prepared, disposed
pleased happy, glad, delighted,
97 D 98 B
confidence self-assurance, self-confidence, self-reliance
99 A
caring adj kind, helpful, and showing that you care about other people / kind, kind-
hearted, warm-hearted, soft-hearted
He's a very caring person.caring parents
Children need a caring environment.
a caring profession (= a job that involves taking care of or helping other
people)
boring tedious, dull, monotonous
100 A