Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ICEI 2017
Prof. Bhosale V. B.
Faculty: Electrical Engineering Dept.,
NK ORCHID College of Engg. And Tech., Solapur
Solapur, India
virajbhosale@orchidengg.ac.in
Abstract- This paper proposes energy efficient of smart street electricity. In December 2014, Government of India proposed
lighting system using low cost microcontroller based Arduino. and started to use LED luminaire in streetlights. If all existing
The main objective is to design energy efficient smart streetlight streetlight replaced with LED lights then India will be
for energy conservation in existing streetlights of rural area, benefited by 5,500 crore of rupees every year and reduction in
urban area and exclusively for smart cities. The system consists
CO2 emission. This is beneficial by many aspects like
of LED luminaire, LED driver, PV panel, charge controller light
sensor, motion sensor, Arduino. The smart streetlight is economic, environmental, lighting performance, reduction in
controlled on the basis of traffic on road and day/night time [8]. road accidents, thief and crime. According to statistical data,
The system is programmed to automatically turn off during the for residential lighting, every year in India 77 crore of
hours of daylight and only operate during the night and heavy incandescent, fluorescent bulb and 40 crore of CFL bulb are
raining or bad weather. Many times we see that street lights are purchased, which consumes around 60 to 100 Watts and 30 to
remain switched ON even during day time, this is total of wastes 40 Watts of power respectively, which lasts for one to
of electricity while India is facing lack of electricity. Another maximum four years only. Therefore use of efficient, long
problem is the traditional street lamp e.g. Sodium vapour, Metal lasting 10 to 15 year LED lights would be wise decision. LED
halide, Incandescent, Fluorescent lamps consumes more power as
is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting
compared to new advanced Led Lights. Streetlights can be
operated free of cost by using automatic controlled, self-powered, system due to it is behavior and advantages as emphasized in
efficient solar LED street light. [1]-[3]. apart from that, the advantages of LED are likely to
replace the traditional street lamp such as the incandescent
lamp, fluorescent lamp and High Pressure Sodium Lamp in
Keywords—Smart LED street light; Solar; Energy efficient; Street
future but LED technology is an extremely difficult process
Lighting, Illumination.
that requires a combination of advanced production lines, top
quality materials and high-precision manufacturing process.
I. INTRODUCTION Therefore, this paper highlights the energy efficient street
In entire world there are more than 300 million of street lights, lighting design using LED lamps through intelligent sensor
which emits 100 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. interface for controlling intensity of light [10].
40% of energy is wasted which costs around 20 billion dollars. Still today almost all street lights are switched manually and
Therefore for economical operation of street lights and thus due to manual error they are not switched at proper time,
reduction of carbon footprints, High efficient LED luminaire sometimes streetlights are remains ON during daytime.
with smart control of illumination level is the demand and Therefore time based streetlights are also used to turn on and
need of time. About India, India consumes 18% of electricity off on preset time, but still this method has disadvantage due
for street lighting and residential lighting in which street to seasonal differences in time of sunset and sunrise.
lighting takes major part, while India is facing shortage of
The above problems of switching can be avoided using light B. Hardware Specification:
sensor based streetlights in addition with to turn on in heavy 1) Arduino:
rain and cloudy environment. In addition of this use of motion Arduino Uno R3[4] specifications are ATmega328
sensor allows controlling light intensity which ensures energy microcontroller, operating voltage at 5v, input voltage 7 to
saving and economical. 12v, input voltage limit up to 20v, digital I/O pins 14, analog
The proposed smart solar LED streetlight can be operated free pins 6, DC current 40mA, flash memory 32KB including
of cost with sufficient solar charging. The system can be made 0.5KB used by boot loader. SRAM of 2KB, EEPROM of 1KB
more reliable by using auto changeover technique; in which and clock speed of 16 MHz some of the Features of Arduino
streetlight is automatically switched to utility supply if there is UNO are power: can be USB connection or external power
insufficient charge in battery storage. supply, with 7 to 12 volts recommended. The Arduino UNO
The battery starts charging in daytime via PV solar panel. provides power pins for other devices, the variants are 5v, 3.3v
With the help of light sensor (LDR), in dusk, streetlight and Vin IOREF pin for optional power.
automatically turns on with 30% of intensity and battery starts 2) Solar panel:
discharging. If there is any movement of vehicle or person As the name implies, these are cells that are grown from a
then intensity of light will increase from 30% to 100% for single crystal. The Monocrystalline solar PV panel is more
preset time period. After this preset delay intensity will efficient than polycrystalline panel. Efficiency is about 18%.
gradually reduce to 30%. In-between this if any movement is High Efficient Monocrystalline solar panel generates
detected then again intensity will increase to its maximum. electricity during day time and it is stored in battery.
This ensures optimum lighting as well as energy saving. With 3) Battery:
this automation technique, capacity (Ah) of battery required is It is a type of rechargeable battery, which uses lithium ion
much less a compared to conventional solar LED streetlight.
Phosphate as a cathode material. Li ion Ph batteries have
The Arduino microcontroller receives command signal from
LDR light sensor, motion sensor and charge controller and somewhat high energy density, light weight offer longer
controls streetlight according to program loaded into it. lifetime. Inherently safer hence lithium ion Phosphate is
popular among all storage batteries.
4) Sensors:
II. METHODOLOGY OF SMART SOLAR LED
STREET LIGHT a) LDR(Light Dependent Resistor):
Light Dependent Resistor as the name suggests the
Four main parts have been discussed under this topic. Design
architecture is the main block function for the proposed design.
resistance is dependent upon the light incident on it. The LDR
While, the hardware specifications of each component is given resistance changes with intensity of light, with increase in
below. Flow of the system is also explained. light intensity the resistance offered by the sensor decreases.
LDR sensor gives analog input value to control circuit. This
A. Design Architecture: value can be used to automatically turn on/off the LED
streetlight.
b) PIR(Passive Infrared Sensor) Motion Sensor:
[6]
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in
order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor
can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared
radiation, rather than emitting it, that is called as a passive IR
sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate
some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor.
5) LED(Light Emmiting Diode):
With the technological advancement in semiconductor
materia, LED lamps produces light within visible range
spectrum, therefore it has highest efficiency than
incandescent, sodium vapour and other lamps.Therefore
LED lamps worldwidely accepted for many lighgting
applications along with for Streetlighting purpose. LED
lamps having highest lifespan from 50,000Hrs to 1,00,000
Hrs and efficiency of of 100 to 120 lm/w.
Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed system
C. Software Development:
The microcontroller required a program to operate and execute
the process associated with the proposed design. Arduino
programming has been used to construct the program which
much easy, user friendly, simple to understand and a person
knowing only C language can also program. In this software
development, sensors are integrated and the decision for every Figure 2: Flowchart of the proposed system
sensor will determine the process or operation of the system. It
starts with analyzing the dark sensor and followed by the
motion sensor and charge controller. III. WORKING OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system is start by determine the level of surrounding light,
x During day time solar panel produces electricity and it
Day light and night have been set as two surrounding light
stored in the battery.
level. During the day light as sufficient light falls on light
x In dusk to dawn time light sensor gives command to
sensor, LED light is switch off. During the night time the light
arduino controller.
start to operate with other sub conditions. If there is no motion
detected then lamp will ON with 30% of its maximum x As per program it executes command and turns LED ON
intensity. And after detecting the motion, light bright up 100% to 30% of max intensity when there is no motion below
intensity. Or the system can be programmed in such a way that streetlight.
light will be ON with 100% of intensity from dusk to preset x If any person or vehicle passes nearby streetlight, motion
time up to 11 p.m. or 12 p.m. and after this system depends sensor activates and gives command to arduino to
on motion sensor. At the time of dawn/morning output of the increase brightness to 100%.
light sensor can be used to turn off the light. In such way x After preset time and if there is no movement detected,
system can be programmed for efficient and optimum intensity reduces gradually to 30%.
utilization of energy. x At the time of morning LDR will send command to
arduino and hence street light will turn OFF.
x Normally streetlight will operate from electricity stored
D. IOT based Control: in the battery.
The system can be integrated as application of Internet of x If battery is not charged sufficiently due to cloudy
things (IOT) by using low cost ESP Wi-Fi module, so that weather condition then streetlight will automatically
brightness of the LED can be set to any required value. And switch to utility supply.
different parameters of street light can be monitored with the
IV. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Wi-Fi spot can be provided to area near IT park, Malls and
different institutes. The proposed streetlight can be integrated
Power consumption per month for existing SV, LED and with CC TV camera, water level monitoring, and air quality
Smart solar LED Street light monitoring systems. The above various parameters can be
1. Existing SV lamp: monitored and people of city, nearby area can be alerted for
(150W)*(12Hrs) *(30days) =54 kWhr any emergency condition.
[4] http://www.arduino.org/products/boards/arduino-uno
[5] https://www.elprocus.com/solar-powered-led-street-light-control-circuit
[6] Rohaida Husin; Syed Abdul Mutalib Al Junid; Zulkifli Abd Majid;,
“Automatic Street Lighting System for Energy Efficiency based on Low Cost
Microcontroller”, DOI 10.5013/IJSSST.a.13
[7] Alzubaidi, S.; Soori, P.K., "Study on energy efficient street lighting system
design," Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEDCO) Melaka,
Malaysia, 2012 Ieee International , vol., no., pp.291,295, 6-7 June 2012, doi:
10.1109/PEOCO.2012.62308
In this paper, the smart solar LED streetlight is presented. [10] Zeeshan Kaleem, Tae Min Yoon, Chankil Lee, "Energy Efficient
As a conclusion, around 70% to 85% of power consumption Outdoor Light Monitoring and Control Architecture Using Embedded
can be reduced by using this system as compared with existing System", Embedded Systems Letters IEEE, vol. 8, pp. 18-21, 2016, ISSN
sodium vapour streetlights. This is best solution to current 1943-0663.
street lighting system. Furthermore, the streetlight can be
[11] Abdelmoughni Toubal, Billel Bengherbia, Mohamed Ouldzmirli,
operated with free of cost providing efficient solar panel and Mohamed Maazouz, "Energy efficient street lighting control system using
battery. The smart solar LED streetlight system provides better wireless sensor networks", Modelling Identification and Control (ICMIC)
illumination, optimum usage of electricity with reducing 2016 8th International Conference on, pp. 919-924, 2016
operational and maintenance cost after installation compare to
high pressure sodium lamp and others. [12] Bruno A., Di Franco F., Rascona G. 2012. Smart street lighting. EE
Times http://www.eetimes.com/design/smart-energydesign/ 4375167/Smart-
Number of streetlights can controlled providing street-lighting
communication between them using wireless sensor [11] [12].
The streetlight can also be energized with footstep
generation system. Facilities such mobile charging point and