Lect4B PDF

Other Trigonometry Functions
sin x
tan x   2 n  1
Tangent: cos x Undefined if cos x  0 , or x   
 2 
cos x
Cotangent: cot x  Undefined if sin x  0 , or x  n 
sin x
1
sec x   2 n  1
Secant: cos x Like Tangent, undefined for x   
 2 
1
Cosecant: csc x  Like Cotangent, undefined for x  n 
sin x
In all the above expressions, n  0,  1,  2, 
In terms of the sides of a right triangle,
OPP ADJ HYP HYP

tan x  cot x  sec x  csc x 
ADJ OPP ADJ OPP
92.131 Lecture 4B 1 of 12
Ronald Brent © 20013 All rights reserved.
Graphs of Other Trigonometry Functions
y
y = tan x
5
4
3
2
5 3 
0  3 5
x
        
2 2 2 2 2 2
 -1
-2
-3
-4
-5
y
y = sec x
4
3
2
5 3  0  3 5
x
        
2 2 2 2 2 2
 -1
-2
-3
-4
-5
y = cot x
y
4
3
0 x

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
y = csc x
y
4
3
0 x

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Solving Right Triangles:
Example: Solve:
o
32
8

We know that the side adjacent to the 32 angle is ADJ = 8.
To get OPP, the side opposite the angle, consider that in this case
OPP
 tan 32  ,
ADJ
and so
OPP  ADJ tan32  (8)  (.624869352)  4.998954815 .
Given the opposite side, OPP, you can get the hypotenuse, HYP, from the Pythagorean theorem, or
by using
HYP
 sec32 ,
ADJ
to obtain HYP = ADJ  sec 32   (8)  (1.179178403)  9.433427227 .

Of course, the last angle is 58 .
Non-Right Angle Triangles
Given the triangle show below with sides of length a, b, and c, and opposite angles A, B, and C,
we have:
b C a
A B
Law of Sines c
sin A sin B sin C

 
a b c
Law of Cosines
c 2  a 2  b 2  2 a b cos C
also b 2  a 2  c 2  2 a c cos B
and a 2  b 2  c 2  2 b c cos A
Example: Solve:
o
60 25o
15
Using the Law of Sines
A b
c
o o
B = 60 a = 15 C = 25

Notice that A = 95 , so
sin 95 sin 60 sin 25
  .
15 b c
You can solve for b and c as
15 sin 60 15 sin 25
b and c  .
sin 95 sin 95
Using a calculator, you can get decimal equivalents:
b  13.04 and c  6.36
Example: Solve 4
o
75
5
First, label the triangle:

A
c = 4 b
C
B = 75 o a = 5
b 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cosB  25  16  40 cos 75  38.32  b  6.19 .
Now you can find the angle C from the Law of Sines:
sin B sin C sin 75 sin C sin 75

 , so  and sin C  4   0.624
b c 6.19 4 6.19
 C = angle, between 0 and 90, whose sine is .624.

Using a calculator we find out that C  38.6 A  66.4 .
 
Trigonometric Identities y
(cos  , sin  )

x
 (1,0)
(cos  , sin  )
sin(  )   sin  cos(  )  cos  tan(  )   tan 
   
sin   cos     cos  sin   
 2  2
92.131 Lecture 4B 10 of 12
Given
sin 2   cos 2   1 ,
if we divide both sides of this equation by cos  we get

2
sin 2   cos 2  1

cos 2  cos 2 
sin 2  cos 2  1
 
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  ,
tan 2   1  sec 2  .
Similarly if we divide by sin  , we can derive

2
1  cot 2   csc 2  .
92.131 Lecture 4B 11 of 12
Sum and Difference Formulas:
sin( A  B )  sin A cos B  sin B cos A sin( A  B )  sin A cos B  sin B cos A
cos( A  B )  cos A cos B  sin A sin B cos( A  B )  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
Double Angle Formulas
sin 2   2 sin  cos  cos 2   cos 2   sin 2 
Half Angle Formulas
1  cos  1  cos 
sin 2 12   cos 2 12  
2 2
1  cos ( 2 ) 1  cos ( 2 )
sin 2   cos 2  
2 2
92.131 Lecture 4B 12 of 12

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Other Trigonometry Functions

In all the above expressions, n  0,  1,  2, 

In terms of the sides of a right triangle,

OPP ADJ HYP HYP

sin A sin B sin C

First, label the triangle:

sin B sin C sin 75 sin C sin 75

 C = angle, between 0 and 90, whose sine is .624.

sin(  )   sin  cos(  )  cos  tan(  )   tan 

if we divide both sides of this equation by cos  we get

Similarly if we divide by sin  , we can derive

Double Angle Formulas

sin 2   2 sin  cos  cos 2   cos 2   sin 2 

Half Angle Formulas

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