PES UNIVERSITY

SPECIMEN OF INTERNSHIP REPORT

TITLE: Observation and learning of Activities relating to company’s

Mission , vision , human resource , marketing and finance .

INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE

REQUIREMENTS OF BBA COURSE OF PES UNIVERSITY.

BY

JOSHITHA NAGARAJ

(Student name)

01FB14MBM056

(USN)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MADHUKUMAR

(Faculty name)

P.E.S UNIVERSITY
BANGALORE – 560 085

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LIST OF CONTENTS
1.1 CHAPTER 1
 General introduction
 Company profile
 Industry profile

2.1 CHAPTER 2

 Current status and achievements

 Missions
 Visions
 Organization Structure
 Organization Chart
 Organization Outlook
 Duties and Responsibilities of Dept. Heads

3.1 CHAPTER 3

 Organization Structure and Departmental Structure

 HUMAN RESOURCE
 Definition
 Process of investment casting
 Process capability
 Headhunting
 Outsourcing
 Research and Development
 Recruitment and Selection
 MARKETING
 Definition
 Cloud marketing
 Database marketing
 Directing marketing
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 FINANCE
 Meaning
 Features
 Financial statements
 Accounting cycle
 Finance and accounting

4.1 CHAPTER 4

 SWOT Analysis
 Conclusion
 Biblography

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INTRODUCTON

COMPANY PROFILE
Established in 2013 , MURAS TECHNO CASTS aims to manufacture
high quality investment castings . Managed by a group of well trained
professional with decades of experience renowned technical experts ,
they excel in the field of creating precise investment castings . To them
, quality does not just mean perfection in every step of the process , but
creating a product of long – standing durability as well .

Muras Techno Casts is located in the Harohalli Industrial

Area , created by the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board
(KIADB) . As one of the country’s largest industrial areas , it is an ideal
setting for them to realize their vision of creating the best investment
castings with full passion .

 INDUSTRY PROFILE

The company is all about “INVESTMENT CASTINGS” .

Investment castings , also referred to as “precision casting “ or “lost
wax casting” is one of the oldest and most well known techniques of
metal forming . It allows for the forming of the precise components
through the creation of castings which are created especially for the
manufacture of the specific component .
Castings aid in the production of multiple components of the same
exact shape and versatility , no matter how complex the structure of the
component may be . This allows for greater control in the production
process , and reduced machining allowances . For today’s technological
advancements , a plethora of materials can be used for the process of
investment casting , depending on the requirement of the component.
Investment casting , thus , is the most cost-effective solution for
the creation of specialized components of similar shape, no matter how
intricate , to suit the conditions of their usage . This allows for the

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establishment of the most appropriate component that guarantees a most
efficient process.

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2.1 CURRENT STATUS

 MISSION

The company’s mission is to use the best machinery , on par with

global standards , in order to produce castings that are durable and
long lasting .

 VISION

The vision of Muras is to capture the global market through a

spotless reputation among our clients , and in the industry .

ADVANTAGES OF INVESTMENT CASTINGS

1) Allows for the easy creation of complex components which are difficult to
achieve through other means .
2) Casting of intricate forms with undercuts is possible .
3) Almost any metal can be casted to suit various requirements and the usage
of the component .
4) Durable and long lasting , as it is especially made to carry out a particular
task .
5) High level of dimensional accuracy is achievable .
6) Obtains a smooth surface finish , with no parting lines .
7) Ready for use with little or no matching required.
8) Certain “un-machinable” parts can be casted to pre-planned shape .

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Their structural castings business manufactures the largest diameter stainless steel,
nickel-based super alloy and titanium investment castings in the world, as well as a
variety of smaller structural castings. These castings are stationary components that form
portions of the fan, compressor, combustor and turbine sections of a jet aircraft engine,
where strength and structural integrity are critical. Structural investment castings are sold
primarily as original equipment to jet aircraft engine manufacturers.

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They believe that trends in the manufacturing of aircraft jet engines will continue to
increase our revenue per engine. As the design of new generation aircraft engines has
emphasized increased thrust, higher fuel efficiency and reduction of noise and exhaust
emissions, engine operating temperatures and pressures have increased. These conditions
require the use of engine parts made of alloys that are able to withstand extreme operating
conditions and provide an optimum strength-to-weight ratio. Many of these alloys are
particularly suited for use in the investment castings we manufacture. In addition,
titanium, a metal with a lower melting temperature than stainless steel or super alloys, is
used in all but the hottest parts of the engine because of its considerable weight savings.
Titanium is an exceptionally difficult metal to cast because of its reaction with other
elements. However, we have developed the advanced technology and manufacturing
processes to cast large,complex investment castings in titanium alloys. Many new
generation engines, which are expected to be built through the next decade and beyond,
make significantly greater use of our products than did previous engine designs.

They have also expanded into the structural airframes market through the
production of components manufactured primarily from titanium and aluminum alloys.
Aircraft manufacturers have shown substantial interest in using investment castings for
airframe applications such as titanium aileron and flap hinges, pylons (engine mounts),
wing spars and wing ribs, as well as aluminum alloy nacelle segments (thrust reversers),
cascades, aircraft access doors, electronic boxes and pump housings for hydraulic and
fuel systems.

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ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

ORGANIZATIONAL OULOOK

The Global Aluminum Wire Rods Consumption 2016 Market Research Report is a
professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Aluminum Wire Rods market.

First, the report provides a basic overview of the Aluminum Wire Rods industry including
definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. And development
policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and cost structures.

Secondly, the report states the global Aluminum Wire Rods market size (volume and value),
and the segment markets by regions, types, applications and companies are also discussed.

Third, the Aluminum Wire Rods market analysis is provided for major regions including USA,

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Europe, China and Japan, and other regions can be added. For each region, market size and
end users are analyzed as well as segment markets by types, applications and companies.

Then, the report focuses on global major leading industry players with information such as
company profiles, product picture and specifications, sales, market share and contact
information. Whats more, the Aluminum Wire Rods industry development trends and
marketing channels are analyzed.

Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed, and overall research
conclusions are offered.
In a word, the report provides major statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable
source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF DEPARTMENTAL HEADS

JOB RESPONSIBILITIES
Their Materials & Processes Engineering organization is seeking a senior investment
casting product engineer to develop advanced tooling and casting mold designs for the
production of advanced commercial and military turbine engine components. The
selected candidate will also partner with the appropriate quality lead to ensure
dimensional conformance of cast products and will serve as the technical interface with
internal and external customers and suppliers to effectively support the Materials &
Processes Engineering casting facility (Rapid Prototype Casting Laboratory (RPCL)).

Duties and Responsibilities

o To ensure the site operates in a safe and environmentally responsible manner ensuring
compliance to, and reinforces processes in line with local and international Health &
Safety standards.
o To develop and meet the expectations of all employees on site through production
management systems and key performance indicators.
o To ensure the finished product is supplied on time in line with customer expectations
and the customer is supported through technical support.
o To comply with all on site company financial aspects in line with company budgetary
requirements.
Experience: 10+ years
Job Type: Permanent/Full-Time
Relocation: Yes
Education: Bachelor's Degree

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3.1 CHAPTER 3

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE & DEPT STRUCTURE

HUMAN RESOURCE

DEFINITION: Human Resource Management (HRM) is the term used to describe

formal systems devised for the management of people within an organization. The
responsibilities of a human resource manager fall into three major areas: staffing,
employee compensation and benefits, and defining/designing work.

PROCESS OF INVESTMENT CASTINGS

 Produce master pattern
 Mould making
 Injection (produce wax pattern)
 Assemble wax pattern
 Shelling process / Investment
 De-wax
 Burnout & pre-heating
 Pouring
 Fettlings
Produce master pattern : In this step, the mould maker creates an original pattern from
wax , clay, wood , plastic etc.

Mould making : Mould is also known as a master die is made of the master pattern may
be of the low melting point metal , steel , or wood .

Injection(produce wax pattern) : Wax patterns may be produced in of the two ways :

Process 1- Wax is poured into mould until even coating usually about 3 mm.

Process 2- Filling entire mould with molten wax and let it cool until thickness.

Assemble wax pattern : Then the wax is removed from the mould. Multiple wax pattern
may be created and then assembled into one complex pattern.

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Shelling process / Investment : Ceramic mould , also known as investment is produced by
3 repeating steps : Coating , Stuccoing , Hardening

Coating- Dipping the cluster into re-factory material and letting any excess drain off .

Stuccoing- This is nothing but the plaster made from Portland cement and sand. The
cluster is stuccoed with coarse ceramic particle by dipping it into a fluidisied bed.

Hardening- Then the coating is allowed to harden.

De-wax: The investment is then allowed to completely dry, which can take 16 to 48
hours, and can be dried applying a vacuum or minimizing the environmental humidity.

Burnout & pre-heating: The mould is subjected to burn out, which heat the mould
between 870 degree Celsius and 1095 degree Celsius to remove any moisture and residual
wax.

Pouring: The investment mould is placed upwards intoa tub filled with sand.

Fettlings : The shell is hammered, media blasted, vibrated, water-jected, or chemically

dissolved ( sometimes with liquid nitrogen to release the casting ).

PROCESS CAPABILITY
a. Castings in the weight range of 10gms to 150kgs
b. Thin walled casting….as low as 2mm ie; less than 50 pcs.
c. Near net shaped castings, eliminating or substantially reducing the need for
expensive machining operations.
d. Close dimensional tolerances.
e. Very good surface finishing.
f. Castings totally free from blow holes.
g. Castings of radiographic quality, meeting the demand of aerospace and nuclear
power industries.

HEADHUNTING

Headhunting is a form of recruitment and selection where the recruiter finds the contact
details of a specific candidate that has some specific skills and contacts him/her in order
to convince him/her to participate in the recruitment process. Headhunting doesn’t mean
that the recruiter is calling you to make an offer. Just to convince you to participate in the
process.

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Headhunting means that the recruiter has done some research concerning you and that
they are interested in your knowledge and experience. So, is them calling you a good
thing? Of course… if they are interested, it means you are able to have higher demands.

OUTSOURCING
The HR processes are being outsourced from more than a decade now.

The outsourcing firms helps the organization by the initial screening of the candidates
according to the needs of the organization and creating a suitable pool of talent for the
final selection by the organization.

ADVANTAGES
 Value creation
 Company need not plan for HR much in advance
 Turning the management focus to strategic level process of HRM
 Saves lots of resources and time
DISADVANTAGES
 Loss of managerial control
 Hidden costs
 Threat to security and confidentiality
 Quality problems
 Tied to financial well-being of another company
 Bad publicity and ill-will

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

As technology leads in industry , the company attaches the importance of deserves
in R&D activities in the company.

The focus of R&D are:

 Development of new process

 Continuous improvement in existing manufacturing process
 New product development in co-operation with customers in their
import substitution programme in industry segment like aerospace,
nuclear, thermal power generation, automotive.

EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ORGANISATION

A. Code number BG/MRD/57776 is allotted to their establishment for the purpose of
making compliance with various provisions of EPF and miscellaneous Provision

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Act 1952. This code number should be invariably be quoted in all correspondence
with the office.
B. The contribution payable by the employer shall be at the rate of 12 % of the basic
wages, dearness allowance (including cash value of any food concessions and
retaining allowance. Each contribution shall be calculated to the nearest rupee ie;
50 paise or more.
C. Before paying the member’s wages, they shall deduct the contribution from his
wages which together with their own contribution and administration charges shall
be paid within 15 days.
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION

Recruitment can be defined as searching for and obtaining a pool of potential candidates
with the desired knowledge, skills and experience to allow an organisation to select the
most appropriate people to fill job vacancies against defined position descriptions and
specifications.

STRATEGY

Having an effective recruitment strategy is paramount to the success of any

organization. The recruitment and selection function can become a costly and inefficient
process if not approached in a systematic and proactive manner. A recruitment and
selection strategy:

 Ensures the organization has the necessary skills, knowledge and attributes to meet
current and future strategic and operational requirements
 Ensures supply meets demand requirements
 Increases the pool of potential applicants
 Improves the selection process by ensuring that only those applicants that meet the
requirements of the position are selected for further investigation
 Can impact on the likelihood that a suitable candidate will accept a job offer
 Increases organizational effectiveness.

TESTING PROCEDURES
Here the testing is known as “IN-HOUSE TESTING.

There are 3 processes namely------

 Chemical Testing Laboratory

 Physical Testing Laboratory
 Non-Destructive Testing

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CHEMICAL TESING LABORATORY:

Our chemical testing lab is equipped with Bruker spectrometers, of German make. They
work with all major metals bases, including Ni and Co. With the help of their dual optics
and clear sensor technology, we are able to scrutinize chemical composition with utmost
precision, which is indispensable to the process.

PHYSICAL TESTING LABORATORY:

 Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

 Harness Testing Machine (HTM)
 Immersion Pyrometer
 Metallurgical Microscope

Fusce euismod consequat ante. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Pellentesque sed dolor.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING:

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), radiography, and ultrasonic tests will be outsourced by

external agents in Bangalore. We also undertake liquid penetrant and magnetic particle
examination in our chemical laboratories.

A simulation method will be designed by expert personnel through the use of simulation
software by an external agency. This will help devise the most efficient methodology.

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MARKETING

Definition: The management process through which goods and services move
from concept to the customer. It includes the coordination of four elements called the 4
P's of marketing:
(1) identification, selection and development of a product,
(2) determination of its price,
(3) selection of a distribution channel to reach the customer's place, and
(4) development and implementation of a promotional strategy.

CLOUD MARKETING
Cloud marketing is the process of an organizations efforts to market their goods and
services online through integrated digital experiences, by which they are specialized for
every single end user. The aim is to use advertising methods to target customers via
online applications through social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and various
online portals to target consumers. Cloud marketing platforms are supported with third
parties which maintain the platform.

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD MARKETING

 Cost effectiveness
 Customization
 Time
DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD MARKETING
 User experiences
 Fraudulent Material
 Digital divide (partition between given population)

PLAN STRATEGY OF CLOUD MARKETING

This company has 4 major key elements-------

Establishing the goals

The first steps into cloud marketing include finding the objective or goal for the
marketing project. The proposer would need to clearly state the objectives, which can be
retained in quantitative or qualitative data. By establishing the goal and objectives of the
marketing campaign, this limits the plan being deployed haphazardly.

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Development

The development stage is where the marketing team create the graphics and media
material. The web development team find a method to post the material onto the world
wide web or online source. The marketing add would need to meet its main objective and
purpose, the development team will need to develop and plan to make the material
visually appealing.
Maintenance

The maintenance step will require updating whilst the material is online. it will require
continuous upkeep. Cloud marketing techniques include regular updating to ensure they
are reaching their end user and have a valid subject. Marketing members are responsible
for moderating any discussion boards and keeping content updated increasing the validity.
Evaluation

Throughout the duration of the marketing material, the message would need to be
evaluated to determine how successful it has been to the end user. The outcome should be
established in the strategy allowing the marketer to adapt and increase the overall
efficiency of the cloud marketing method.

DATABASE MARKETING

"Database Marketing is an interactive approach to marketing, which uses the

individually addressable marketing media and channels (such as mail, telephone
and the sales force): to extend help to a company's target audience; to stimulate
their demand; and to stay close to them by recording and keeping an electronic
database memory of the customer, prospect and all commercial contacts, to help
improve all future contacts and to ensure more realistic of all marketing."

GROWTH AND EVOLUTION

The growth of database marketing is driven by a number of environmental issues. As per
my view , the MURAS Company classified these issues into four main categories:

1. Changing role of direct marketing

 The move to relationship marketing for competitive advantage.
 The decline in the effectiveness of traditional media.
 The overcrowding and myopia of existing sales channels.
2. Changing cost structures
 The decline in electronic processing costs.
 The increase in marketing costs.

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3. Changing technology
 The advent of new methods of shopping and paying.
 The development of economical methods for differentiating customer
communication.
4. Changing market conditions
 The desire to measure the impact of marketing efforts.
 The fragmentation of consumer and business markets.

ADVANCES IN DATABASE MARKETING

Today's Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems use the stored data not only
for direct marketing purposes but to manage the complete relationship with individual
customer contacts and to develop more customized product and service offerings.
However, a combination of CRM, content management and business intelligence
tools are making delivery of personalized information a reality.
Marketers trained in the use of these tools are able to carry out customer nurturing, which
is a tactic that attempts to communicate with each individual in an organization at the
right time, using the right information to meet that client's need to progress through the
process of identifying a problem, learning options available to resolve it, selecting the
right solution, and making the purchasing decision.
DIRECT MARKETING

Direct marketing is a form of advertising which allows businesses and nonprofit

organizations to communicate directly to customers through a variety of media
including cell phone text messaging, email, websites, online adverts, database marketing
fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters and targeted television, newspaper and
magazine advertisements as well as outdoor advertising. Among practitioners, it is also
known as direct response.
Direct marketing focuses on the customer, data ,and testing. Hence, besides the actual
communication, a direct marketing campaign will incorporate actionable segments and
use pre- and post-campaign analytics to measure results.

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FINANCE
Meaning: Finance is the science that describes the management, creation
and study of money, banking, credit, investments, assets and liabilities.
Finance consists of financial systems, which include the public, private
and government spaces, and the study of finance and financial instruments,
which can relate to countless assets and liabilities.

FEATURES OF FINANCE

Channelizing Funds: It is well established fact that financial system is a critical element of
any economy. Financial sector and financial markets perform the essential function of
channeling funds from people who have saved surplus funds by spending less than their
income to people who have a shortage of investible funds because their plans to spend
exceed their income.

Acquisition, Allocation & Utilization of Funds: Finance as a function deals with acquisition,
allocation and utilization of funds. A business must ensure that adequate funds are available
from the right sources at the right cost at the right time. It needs to decide the mode of raising
fund, whether it is to be through the issue of securities or lending from the bank. Once funds
are acquired the funds have to be allocated to various projects and services and finally the
objective of the business is to earn profits which on a very large extent depend upon how
effectively and efficiently allocated funds are utilized. Proper utilization of funds is based on
sound investment decisions, proper control and asset management policies and efficient
management of working capital.

Maximization of Shareholder’s Wealth: The objective of any business is to maximize and

create wealth for the investors, which is measured by the price of the share of the company.
The price of the share of any company is a function of its present and expected future
earnings. Finance helps in defining policies and ways to maximize the earnings.

Financial Management: Maximization of economic welfare of its owners is the accepted

financial objective of the firm. Hence, the objectives of finance are to ensure adequate and
regular supply of funds to the business and provide a fair rate of return to the suppliers of
capital. Finance helps by ensuring efficient utilization of capital and available resources
according to the principles of profitability, liquidity and safety. It provides a definite system for
internal investment, financing and internal controls. And finally attempts to minimize cost of
capital by developing a sound and economical combination of corporate securities.

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SL NO NAME OF SPECIFICATION NUMBERS

MACHINERY
1 Induction furnace 300 kg 1
2 Injection press - 13
3 Heat treatment Computerized 75kg 2
furnace of 30kw
4 Shot Blasting Model no(649) 1
machine 80kg
5 Glass bead - 1
blasting
6 Vertical Working area 1
machining center
7 Horizontal Working area 1
turning center

ALLOYS HANDLED
SS based WCB Cobalt Nickel based Duplex
Alloys based Alloys Steels
Alloys
CF8 WCB Satellite-6 CW2M CD4MCUN
CF8M WCC Satellite-4 CW6M A995 1B
CF3 IC1020 Satellite-3 CW12MW CA6NM, etc.
etc.
CF3M IC1040 CW6MC
CN7M IC1050 INCONEL600
HE etc. IC4130 etc. Monels etc.

SINTERING CYCLE
Sintering cycle here is also called as accounting cycle.

The time given for the procedure to happen is as follows:-

5:10 to 5:40 = 0kw

5:40 to 6:10 = 5kw
6:10 to 6:40 = 7.5kw
6:40 to 7:10 =10kw
7:10 to 7:40 = 12.5kw
7:40 to 8:10 = 15kw
8:10 to 8:40 = 17.5kw
8:40 to9:10 = 20kw
The ON-TIME for sintering cycle is 9:05 and OFF- TIME sintering cycle is 9:20
MELTING ON-TIME is 10:20am and OFF-TIME is 5:30pm.
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MACHINERY

Muras Techno Casts makes use of Indian made machinery that integrates the
renowned standards and quality of German technology. Our array of machines
include:

Machine Manufacturer

WAX HOLDING TANK MODTECH (AHMEDABAD)

WAX INJECTION MODTECH (AHMEDABAD)

MACHINE

WAX MELTING TANK MODTECH (AHMEDABAD)

WAX ASSEMBLY TABLE MODTECH (AHMEDABAD)

FLUIDIZED BED MAYUR

ENG(AHMEDABAD)

SLURRY TANK MAYUR ENG

(AHMEDABAD)

KNOCK OUT MAYUR ENG

(AHMEDABAD)

SLURRY MIXING DRUM MAYUR

ENG(AHMEDABAD)

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Machine Manufacturer

RAINFALL SANDER MAYUR

ENG(AHMEDABAD)

AUTOCLAVE BOILER ENERGY PACK (BOMBAY)

SHELL CINTRING XPERT THERMAL ENG

FURNACE (CHENNAI)

HEAT TREATMENT XPERT THERMAL ENG

FURNACE (CHENNAI)

MELTING FURNACE (175 INDUCTOTHERM

KGS) (AHMEDABAD)

ROLL OVER FURNACE (25 INDUCTOTHERM

KGS) (AHMEDABAD)

SHOT BLASTING PATEL FURNACE

(AHMEDABAD)

GRID BLASTING PATEL FURNACE

(AHMEDABAD)

COMPRESSOR CHICAGO
PNEUMATIC(PUNE)

BELT POLISHING QMT (BOMBAY)

MACHINE

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Machine Manufacturer

BENCH GRINDER BANGALORE

TIG WELDING MACHINE BANGALORE

SPECTROMETER BRUKER (GERMANY)

UTM FIE (BANGALORE)

HARDNESS TESTER FIE (BANGALORE)

METALLURGICAL METZER (BANGALORE)

MICROSCOPE

IMMERSION PYROMETER AJAY SYSCON (KOLKATA)

CONVEYOR SHELL VINAR ENG (KOLKATA)

PROCESS

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4.1 CHAPTER 4
SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:
 Due to industrial growth, Precision Castparts Companies (PCC) holds
strong prospects for growth.
 The annual growth rate of revenue of company is about 13.94%.
 The strategic acquisitions of different markets enhances the strength of the
company.
 PCC puts the great efforts in R&D activities to meet standard of industries.
 PCC has acquired 362 positions in unit of fortune 500 in the year 2009.
 PCC holds fair share markets in Europe, Asia and US.

WEAKNESS:
 PCC also exhibits decrease in market share.
 Due to economic recession all over the world, acquisitions become more
expensive and also increase in risk involved in it.
 PCC depends on limited number of available customers for its revenues.
 Due to world-wide economic downfall, company also has to face reduction
in number of orders from industries.

OPPORTUNITIES:
 Due to increase in prices of fuel, demand for industrial parts for alternative
transportation also increases.
 PCC can explore more opportunities with emerging market such as India
and China.
 With increase in defense budget in US, more orders are available for
company for defense industry.

THREATS:
 Reduced growth in markets of Europe and US also influence the company
revenues
 The unstable prices of raw materials also effect the production of PCC.
 Economic decline also affects the revenue of company as purchasing power
of the industry reduced with government policy.

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FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

As this is the Investment Casting Company, I observed and found only

about the “DEFORMATION“ during production process.

Investment castings are easy to be deformed during production process. We can divide
the deformation into self micro-deformation, flaring deformation and warping
deformation.

*Self micro-deformation: gray iron investment castings are most easy to trace the
deformation in alloy materials. Grey iron castings shake out after cleaning, existing
residual stress is mainly residual thermal stress. In addition to make castings cold
cracked, the residual stress is also the main reason causing self micro-deformation. Even
if no more than yield strength of material, but in the role of residual stress, gray iron
castings will slowly produce micro-plastic deformation by time flies.

*Flaring deformation: Forming reason is that sand core or sand mould in the opening
size hinders the contraction of investment castings, thus free structural part of castings
produce plastic deformation, resulting in a flaring deformation defect.

*Warping deformation: Investment castings after sand removal occurred warping

deformation at one end, both ends and even outer edges. Therefore the middle of
investment castings was dent, leading to uneven castings. We call such deformation as
warping deformation. Its forming reason is because when the casting is cooling, the wall
thickness of investment castings is uneven and for temperature difference, so each part of
the casting cooling speed is different, producing uneven plastic deformation. Then
warping deformation is formed.

Below are the suggestions to solve investment casting deformation:

1. Before inject wax into mould, put the mould in wax injection room to keep the mould
temperature is the same as that of wax injection room. After that we start to do wax
injection.

2. Test the wax pattern ourselves after wax patterns are finished to check whether there is
any problem. Wax pattern should be unified laid and avoid overlapping and dangling.

3. Coming out from furnace, when the temperature of module is still high, we should
avoid overlapping and do it regularly so that the deformation is in the same direction,

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which will be convenient for us to reform.

4. The material of collection fixture for castings should be hard material and wear
resistance.

Investment castings will have great influence on the deformation of mechanical products.
So the investment castings with bad quality will seriously affect the service life of
mechanical products. So once find any deformation, we should carry on timely
correction.

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CONCLUSION
Internship was started with the company’s vision, mission. Internship was
successfully completed with the observation and the learning activities of
human resources, marketing, and finance. This internship program was very
useful to know about the company and thanks for my guides who have
supported me to do this internship successfully.

BIBLOGRAPHY
Firstly, I would like to thank my guides Prof. Madhukumar Sir and Prof.
Dinesh Sir for giving me this great opportunity for doing this internship in
this company.
I would like to dedicate this project to my respective guides, parents for
their support and guidance throughout the project.

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