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Dr/Faiz Al-khawlani
Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
MEDICAL HELMINTHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
�Intermediate host
�Carrier host
Reservoirs of parasites
or in the environment. Some can only persist and multiply inside human
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
beings, whereas others can survive in other animals, or for example in soil
or water.
Reservoir
The place where the parasitic stage is normally present before infecting a
not survive and hence could not be transmitted to other people. The most
□ Human
□ Water
□ Soil
□ Animals
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
reservoir.
Zoonosis
(singular, zoonosis).
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
Transmission
Transmission is a process in which several events happen one after the
transmission
Chain of transmission
figure below:
The The
susceptible infectious
host agent
Mode of
The reservoir
transmission
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
Mode of transmission
Important notes
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
of entry. The infective stage of parasitic helminthes can enter the host body
Egg of Ascaris
2-Water Polluted With Human Excreta
Larva of Schistomoma
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immediately infective.
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
The parasite can be transmitted from one person to other person without
outside human body (e.g.; Ascaris and Ancylostoma). The egg stage in such
(embryonated) egg.
The parasite life cycle involves two hosts; the first is human and the second
is non-human host. In contrast, direct life cycle involves only one host
(human). Schistosoma spp life cycle is for instance that involves human as
In this type, the parasite life cycle occurs in more than two hosts. For
example, three hosts are required for completing the life cycle of
Generally, parasitic life cycles range from simple to complex and there are
A mode of transmission
An infective stage
A diagnostic stage
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
Site of infection
Clinical symptoms and pathology
Proper diagnostic technique
Determining the appropriate medication
2. The route that a parasite follow outside the body:
Epidemiology
Prevention
Control
Classification
(Roundworms).
Trematodes (flatworms).
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Dr/ Faiz Alkhawlani Medical Helminthology Introduction
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