Embedded Systems

Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Embedded Systems

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Refer from below
EMBEDDED NETWORKING Refer from below
EMBEDDED FIRMWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
Refer from below
RTOS BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN Refer from
below
EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT Refer
from below
Embedded Systems Design Second edition by Steve Heath
1 What is an embedded system
1. What is an embedded system? - Answer (click here)
2. Inside the embedded system - Answer (click here)

2 Embedded processors
1. Embedded processors - Answer (click here)
2. 8 bit accumulator processors - Answer (click here)
3. Example 8 bit architectures: Z80, Z80 programming model, MC6800 -
Answer (click here)
4. Microcontrollers: MC68HC05, MC68HC11 - Architecture - Answer (click
here)
5. Data processors: Complex instructions, microcode and nanocode -
Answer (click here)
6. INTEL 80286 - Answer (click here)
7. INTEL 80386DX - Answer (click here)
 8. INTEL 80486 - Answer (click here)
9. Intel Pentium - Answer (click here)
10. Motorola MC68000 and its hardware - Answer (click here)
11. Motorola MC68020 - Answer (click here)
12. Motorola MC68030 - Answer (click here)
13. The MC68040 - Answer (click here)
14. Integrated processors - Answer (click here)
15. RISC processors - Answer (click here)
16. The Berkeley RISC model - Answer (click here)
17. Sun SPARC RISC processor - Answer (click here)
18. The Stanford RISC model - Answer (click here)
19. The MPC603 block diagram - Answer (click here)
20. The ARM RISC architecture - Answer (click here)
21. Digital signal processors - Answer (click here)
22. DSP basic architecture - Answer (click here)
23. Choosing a processor - Answer (click here)

3 Memory systems
1. Memory systems and Memory technologies - Answer (click here)

4 Basic peripherals
1. Parallel ports - Answer (click here)
2. Timer/counters - Answer (click here)
3. 8253 timer modes - Answer (click here)
4. MC68230 modes - Answer (click here)
5. Timer processors - Answer (click here)
6. Real-time clocks - Answer (click here)
7. Serial ports - Answer (click here)
8. Serial peripheral interface - Answer (click here)
9. I2C bus - Answer (click here)
10. What is an RS232 serial port? - Answer (click here)
11. Asynchronous flow control - Answer (click here)
12. UART implementations - Answer (click here)
13. DMA controllers - Answer (click here)
14. A generic DMA controller - Answer (click here)
15. DMA controller models - Answer (click here)
16. Channels and control blocks - Answer (click here)
17. Sharing bus bandwidth - Answer (click here)
18. DMA implementations - Answer (click here)
5 Interfacing to the analogue world
1. Analogue to digital conversion techniques - Answer (click here)
2. Sample rates and size: Irregular sampling errors, Nyquist’s theorem -
Answer (click here)
3. Codecs: Linear, A-law and Inf-law, DPCM and ADPCM - Answer (click
here)
4. Power control in Interfacing to the analogue - Answer (click here)

6 Interrupts and exceptions

1. What is an interrupt? - Answer (click here)
2. Interrupt sources - Answer (click here)
3. Recognising an interrupt - Answer (click here)
4. The interrupt mechanism - Answer (click here)
5. MC68000 interrupts - Answer (click here)
6. RISC exceptions - Answer (click here)
7. Fast interrupts - Answer (click here)
8. Interrupt controllers - Answer (click here)
9. Instruction restart and continuation - Answer (click here)
10. Interrupt latency - Answer (click here)
11. Do’s and Don’ts - Interrupts and exceptions - Answer (click here)

7 Real
1. What are operating systems? - Answer (click here)
2. Operating system internals - Answer (click here)
3. Multitasking operating systems - Answer (click here)
4. What is a real-time operating system? - Answer (click here)
5. Task swapping methods - Answer (click here)
6. Scheduler algorithms - Answer (click here)
7. Priority inversion - Answer (click here)
8. Tasks, threads and processes - Answer (click here)
9. Exceptions - Answer (click here)
10. Memory model - Answer (click here)
11. Memory management address translation - Answer (click here)
12. Choosing an operating system - Answer (click here)
13. Commercial operating systems - Answer (click here)
14. Windows NT characteristics - Answer (click here)
15. Resource protection - Answer (click here)
16. Linux - Answer (click here)
17. Disk partitioning - Answer (click here)
 18. The Linux disk partitioning - Answer (click here)
19. Linux software structure, Physical and Memory management - Answer
(click here)
20. Linux limitations - Answer (click here)
21. eLinux - Answer (click here)

8 Writing software for embedded systems

1. Writing software for embedded systems - Answer (click here)
2. The compilation process - Answer (click here)
3. Native versus cross-compilers - Answer (click here)
4. Run-time libraries - Answer (click here)
5. Writing a library - Answer (click here)
6. Using alternative libraries - Answer (click here)
7. Using a standard library - Answer (click here)
8. Porting kernels - Answer (click here)
9. C extensions for embedded systems - Answer (click here)
10. Downloading- Writing software for embedded systems - Answer (click
here)

9 Emulation and debugging techniques

1. Debugging techniques - Answer (click here)
2. High level language simulation - Answer (click here)
3. Low level simulation - Answer (click here)
4. Onboard debugger - Answer (click here)
5. Task level debugging - Answer (click here)
6. Symbolic debug - Answer (click here)
7. Emulation - Answer (click here)
8. Optimisation problems in Emulation techniques - Answer (click here)
9. Xray - Emulation technique - Answer (click here)
10. The role of the development system: Floating point and memory
management functions - Answer (click here)
11. Emulation techniques: BDM, OnCE, JTAG - Answer (click here)

10 Buffering and other data structures

1. What is a buffer? - Answer (click here)
2. Linear buffers - Answer (click here)
3. Directional buffers - Answer (click here)
4. Double buffering - Answer (click here)
5. Buffer exchange - Answer (click here)
 6. Linked lists - Buffering - Answer (click here)
7. FIFOs and Circular buffers - Answer (click here)
8. Buffer underrun and overrun - Answer (click here)
9. Allocating buffer memory - Answer (click here)
10. Memory leakage in Buffering - Answer (click here)

11 Memory and performance trade

1. The effect of memory wait states - Answer (click here)
2. Single cycle processor with large external memory - Answer (click here)
3. Reducing the cost of memory access - Answer (click here)

12 Software examples
1. Benchmark example - Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
2. Creating software state machines - Answer (click here)

13 Design examples
1. Burglar alarm system - Answer (click here)
2. Burglar alarm system - Answer (click here)

14 Real time without a RTOS

1. Choosing the software environment - Answer (click here)
2. Deriving real-time performance from a non-real-time system - Answer
(click here)
3. Scheduling the data sampling - Answer (click here)
4. Sampling the data- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)
5. Controlling from an external switch - Answer (click here)
6. Problems- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)
7. Program listing- Real-time without a RTOS - Answer (click here)

EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

1. Embedded System : An Introduction - Answer (click here)
2. Elements of Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
3. Core of The Embedded System - Answer (click here)
4. Characteristics & Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems - Answer (click
here)
5. Program for Embedded Systems and Build Process - Answer (click here)
6. Debugging on Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
7. Embedded Hardware from Software Programmers Perspective - Answer
 (click here)
8. Embedded Systems: Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Embedded Systems: Memory Testing - Answer (click here)
10. Embedded Systems: Peripherals - Answer (click here)
11. Embedded Operating System - Answer (click here)
12. Embedded Systems: Integrated Development Environment - Answer (click
here)
13. Embedded Development Life Cycle - Answer (click here)
14. EDLC Models - Answer (click here)
15. Trends in Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
16. Case Study of an Embedded System for Smart Card - Answer (click here)

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and REAL TIME OPERATING

SYSTEMS
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
2. Devices and Buses for Devices Network - Answer (click here)
3. Bus communication Protocols: 12C, USB, CAN, PCI - Answer (click here)
4. Embedded Programming Concepts - Answer (click here)
5. Concepts and Embedded Programming in C, C++ - Answer (click here)
6. Real Time Operating Systems - Answer (click here)
7. Real Time Operating System Programming - Answer (click here)

EMBEDDED COMPUTING
1. Embedded Computing - Introduction - Answer (click here)
2. Challenges in Embedded Computing System Design - Answer (click here)
3. The Embedded System Design Process - Answer (click here)
4. 8051 Microcontroller - Answer (click here)
5. ARM processor - Answer (click here)
6. Important Short Questions and Answers: Embedded Computing - Answer
(click here)

MEMORY AND INPUT OUTPUT MANAGEMENT

1. Programming Input and Output in Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
2. Memory System Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
3. Memory Devices in Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
4. I/O Devices - Answer (click here)
5. Component Interfacing: Memory and Device Interfacing - Answer (click
here)
6. Interrupts in Embedded Systems - Answer (click here)
 7. Important Short Questions and Answers: Embedded Systems - Memory
and Input/Output Management - Answer (click here)

PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS

1. Multiple Tasks and Multiple Processes - Answer (click here)
2. Context Switching - Answer (click here)
3. Scheduling Policies - Answer (click here)
4. Interprocess Communication Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
5. Evaluating Operating System Performance - Answer (click here)
6. Telephone Answering Machine - Answer (click here)
7. Important Short Questions and Answers: Processes and Operating
Systems - Answer (click here)

EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
1. Programming Embedded Systems in Assembly And C - Answer (click here)
2. Embedded Software Development Tools - Answer (click here)
3. Embedded System Development Tools - Answer (click here)
4. Important Short Questions and Answers: Embedded Software - Answer
(click here)

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

1. Embedded System Development - Answer (click here)
2. Intruder Alarm System - Answer (click here)
3. Important Short Questions and Answers: Embedded System
Development - Answer (click here)