Why is specific speed of Pelton turbine less than Francis and

Kalpan Turbine?
Sanjeev Khadka, ,mechanical engineering student
Answered Aug 22, 2013
Turbines are installed according to the head and flow available at the location of the installation.
Pelton turbines are for high head, Francis turbines are for medium head and Kaplan Turbines are for
lower head.

The Formula of Specific speed for turbine is as:

Above formula implies that for higher head the specific speed gets lower. Thus Pelton turbine with
higher head has lower specific speed than Francis and Kaplan turbines which are meant to operate on
lower head than the Pelton Turbine.
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Your response is private.

Sergi Vega
Answered Feb 14, 2016
Also bear in mind the construction of the Pelton turbine. To generate torque (higher in this case) the
jet of water calls for a longer lever arm. As you may know, mass further out from the center of rotation
generates more momentum of inertia, which is why ice skaters spin faster when they align their arms
along the center of rotation. In general, you will see that reaction turbines have shorter blades that
allow for higher spinning.

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Ab Timilsina, M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering & Renewable Energy Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuwan
University...
Answered Jan 15, 2017
By specific speed we understand the speed of geometrically similar turbine which would develop 1 kW
power when operated under 1 m head.

We know there are differences between how pelton turbine, francis turbine and Kaplan turbine
generate power.

As you said pelton turbine is a high head turbine, which means it is applicable to harness power from
water falling from greater height. This type of turbine generates power by converting the energy of
falling water to kinetic energy by using a nozzle and striking the turbine by thus formed jet. Farther
the jet strikes, more moment the exerts on bucket arm thus effective harnessing of power (it is easier
to open doors with effort applied farther from hinge) . However we cannot make very large runners
just to ease power harnessing as it will have very high inertia. Now, for geometrically similar turbine,
the diameter of runner will be much larger compared to other counterparts thus lowering the speed of
runner hence lower specific of turbine.

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 What is the minimum grade of concrete used for road
construction in India?
4 Answers

Priyabrata Pal, Assistant Engineer at Simplex Infrastructure Limited (2015-present)

Answered Sep 7
IRC 44: 2008 recommends, minimum M40 grade of concrete (flexural strength 4.5 MPa) for
construction of normal concrete pavements.

For rural roads minimum M30 grade of concrete (flexural strength 3.8 MPa) is recommended to be
used.

For white-topping, high performance concrete of grade M50 is recommended.

Thanks for asking.

1.4k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Ashish Tiwari

Related QuestionsMore Answers Below

 How is a concrete road constructed? How do you prepare an estimate of a concrete road?
 What are the grades of concrete used in India?
 What is the highest grade of concrete that is used?
 What do you mean by grade of concrete?
 What are the rules specified by Government of India for concrete road construction? Like is it necessary
to use steep/iron cage?
Ask New Question

Prakash NM., Jr.Engineer (2015-present)

Answered Mar 22, 2017
Hi..

I have some experience in road construction & i have worked as a jr QC engineer for one project (SH
136)

For concrete work we use following grade

For retaining wall & box culverts

PCC = Min grade M10 sometimes M15

Foundation work =

 M15 for mass concreteRCC

 M20 for RCC wall
Side kerb / wall = M20 grade concrete
Slab/deck work = M25 grade concrete

So..min grade is M10 concrete for structures

This grades varies according to structure as per CPWD dept. Suggestions.

Pwd dept. suggestions are according to MORTH & IRC specifications

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Jigar Saiya, Studying BE Civil Engineering at Thakur College of Engineering and Technology (2014-present)
Answered Jan 13
For concrete road ,minimum grade of concrete use is M40 and it varies depends on traffic volume per
hour.

In case of national highways M45 - M50 grade of concrete is common.

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Er Harshal, M. E. Civil Engineering & Structural Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur (2012)
Answered Oct 13, 2016
M10 is minimum while M15 or higher is preferred due to temerature stress, wear n tear and
maintenance….