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Introduction Lab 4 Exp 8 Loss of Containment of Gas

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INTRODUCTION According to Krishnamurthy (2013), the release or escape of material (usually a gas or
liquid) is referred to as loss of containment. It can vary from small releases (minor emissions or leaks) to
very large release. Another term that associate to loss of containment is leak. Leaks are very dangerous
because a small leak may gradually build up an explosive concentration of gas (Kletz, 2001). In addition
to causing fire and explosion hazards, if the gas released are toxic, the leaks possesses harmful effect on
the environment as well as to us humans. In a chemical industry, loss of containment of gas means
possible lethal harm, especially to those in the working environment and most of all, loss of profit. In
order to ensure that no one is expose to harmful gases, preventive measures has to be taken. Based on
Krishnamurthy (2013), according to the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Council (Chemical
Industries) Committee, a compilation of local case studies was conducted by a group formed by the
WSH Council. The group has investigated and recorded a loss of containment related accident at an
elevated flare tower. It was found out that an incident where an overflow of hot liquid hydrocarbon
from the top of the flare tower had caused a small fire at the elevated platform and bottom of the flare
tower. Without proper management and knowledge on the problem of loss of containment, this kind of
incident might happen again in other places. That is one of the importance of studying this experiment.
For laminar flow in horizontal pipe, the pressure drop is directly is proportional to the flowrate (Kudela,
n.d.). However, in most engineering practices, it can be assumed that pressure drop or head loss due to
flow of fluids is in turbulent range. There are two parts in this experiment. This first part of this
experiment is to determine the effect of pressure head on maximum flow of gas for orifice having
different size but at same level. The second part of the experiment has the same objective, but it is
conducted for orifice having same size but at different levels.

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References

Kletz, T. A. (2001). Learning from Accidents. Retrieved October 29, 2017 Krishnamurthy, K. R. (2013,
June).

CASE STUDIES Chemical Industry

. Retrieved October 29, 2017, from

https://www.wshc.sg/files/wshc/upload/cms/file/2014/WSHC_Case_Studies_Chemical_Industry.pdf
Kudela, H. (n.d.). Viscous flow in pipe. Retrieved October 29, 2017, from
http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~znmp/dydaktyka/fundam_FM/Lecture13.pdf

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