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1) Rationalism – the idea that people should use reason, or logical thought, to understand
the world.
2) Geocentric theory – the theory that Earth is at the center of the universe.
3) Harmony – the combining of elements to form a pleasing whole.
4) Anatomy – the scientific study of the shapes and structures of humans, plants, and
animals.
5) Dissection – the cutting open of plants and animals to study and investigate their parts.
6) Scientific Revolution – a period, beginning in the 1500 C.E., during which European
scholars began to question classical scientific ideas and Christian beliefs.
7) Heliocentric – having the sun as center.
8) Universal gravitation – Isaac Newton’s theory that gravity acts on all objects
throughout the universe.
9) Scientific method – an approach to scientific investigation that involves making
careful observations, forming and testing a hypothesis, and drawing a conclusion that
confirms or modifies the hypothesis.
10) Sponsor – a person who gives money in support of a person or project.
11) Caravel – a type of Portuguese sailing ship with both square and lateen sails,
developed for long voyages.
12) Astrolabe – an instrument used to measure the angles of stars above the
horizon, thus helping sailors determine their latitude.
13) Treaty of Tordesillas – an agreement between Spain and Portugal in 1494,
establishing an imaginary line from north to south around the world and allowing
Spain to claim lands west of the line and Portugal to claim lands to the east of it.
14) Circumnavigate – to make a voyage completely around the world.
15) Columbian Exchange – the movement of plants, animals, and other living
things between the eastern and western hemispheres after Columbus’ voyage to the
Americas in 1492 C.E.
16) Triangular trade – the exchange of goods and slaves across the Atlantic Ocean
between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
17) Capitalism – an economic system based on private ownership of economic
resources and the use of those resources to make a profit.
18) Mercantilism – an economic policy based on the idea that a nation’s power
depends on its wealth.
Capítulo 15
Revolución Científica y Era de Exploración
Palabras y definiciones de vocabulario