Gender justice gender discrimination

undewual or unfair treatment based solely on sex

Basic assumptions
“this is not the war of the sexes”
“this is not anti-male”
“both women and men are victims
but women are more disadvantaged
both have a stake in the struggle for gender equality
pre colonial period
each brgy had their own leader women and men
relationship of men and women was more egalitarian
owndership of resources was communal and not private
daily sustenance and admin were joint responsibility

women struggles Spanish colonization

chastity belt Women were categorized with children and the imbecile
bride burning Women not cpable of independent and rational thinking
honor killing Two roles – mother and non
Not allowed to study except as nuns or mothers
sex Law gave power to men to become “kings” in their families
referes to the biological charac wc defines humans as Wife and children under the authority of father
either male or female Women could not engage in any economic, political or
cultural activites except with concept of husband
determinants of sex Properties controlled by husband
male, female Unfaithful wife – adultery
vag clit, penis Unfaithful husband – the extra marital affair should be
uterus, testes scandalous
xx, xt
estrogen progesterone, androgen, testosterone American colonization
Women had right to vote
gender Education was opened for all
economic, social and cultural attributes and opportnunies Divorce has two grounds – concubinage and adultery
associated with being male or female in a particular point Revised penal code
and time and the societal structure that supports them

sex gender Japanese period

what makes one male or female = what makes one mascule Comfort women
or feminine
biologically determined = social determined, culturall Republic
defined NCC – legal separation and annulment, rights and
constant across time = changed across time obligations of spouses, property relations
constant across diff societies and cultures = changes across National commission of the role of Filipino women
places and cultures (NCFRW)
biological = socially constructed
born with = not born with 1986- present
declaration of principles and policies
culture etc
set of peoples values, beliefs, behavior, language, and gender and det law
artifacts party list law
distinguishes a group of people from another group of anti sexual harassment law
people anti-rape law
it is transmitted from generation to generation
women in nation building law
anti mail order vride law
culture tells us repatriation law
what we ought to be non discrimination in labor code
what we ought to think
ought to be CEDAW
ought to expect of others Dec 18 1979
Came into force sept 1981
“don’t tell me how to dress, tell them not to rape” 185 countries

gender relations are power relations manifestations of gender bias

gender socialization is shaped by family school religion gender stereotyping
mass media state multiple burden
differential valuation of men and women
marginalization there is a man who is tired of appearing strong when he
subordination feels vulnerable
diminished sense of personhood
violence against women for every women who is tired of acting dumb, there is a
man who is burdened with the constant expectation of
salient features of RA 9262 anti violence against knowing everything
women and their children
march 8 2004 for every women who is tired of being called emotional
GMA female, there is a man who is denied the full right to weep
March 12 2004 and be gentle
March 27 2004
for every women who feels tired down by her children,
II. VAWC as a public crime there is a man who is denied the full pleasure of equal
Physical parenting
Psychological
Sexual gender sensitivity
Economic a perspective
Violence a way of thinking, manner of viewing things
conscious of the gender issue that the other half enjoys
life to the fullest because of gender bias
Victims:
Women and children

Perpetrators
Men, women

Jurisdiction
Any RTC where the crime was committed

9262, prosecution of VAWC acts a public crime or a

protection order

-provides immediate protection to a victim/survivor of

violence
-may be a separate relief of an indicental

brgy: BPO – prohibit respondent from threatening or

committing physical harm
court: TPO, PPO – removal or exclusion of the respondent
from respondent, custody, support, prohibit use of firearm

women vs men
civil case: legal separation art 36
crim case: anti VAWC
application for a protection order

battered women syndrome

an exempting circumstance
no civil/criminal
not a ground to deny custody

other features:
legally mandated paid leave 10 days
prohibition against conciliation/mediation
mandatory obligation of LGU/govt agencies
confidentiality provision
immunity from suit

“for every woman”

for every women who is tired of acting weak when she
knows she is strong