Physics Gutka XI (Pmtcorner)

Iliiil PHYSICS GUTKA1
( Serial / "S
Page
C O N T E N T S
l No' No.
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r /
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1. Special Notes 1
, 2. Basic Mathematics , Vectors 5
3. Mechanics 9
4. FBD Technique (NLM) 10
5. Dynamics of Motion 11
6 Relative Motion , Calculus approach 12
7. Graph related problems 13
8. Projectile Motion 14
9 Concept of Pseudo Force 17
10 . Spring Balance 18
PHYSICS 11. Dependent Motion of connected bodies 20
GUTKA 12. Friction 21

13. Work, Energy and Power 25
14. Circular Motion 28
15. Collision , Centre of mass 32
16 . Motion of two body system , 35
system of particles
17 . Rotational Motion 36
18. Pure rolling 37
19. Rolling motion on inclined plane 39
20. Hydraulics Level question , Elasticity 40
21 . Simple Harmonic Motion 41
22. Representation of SHM by Phasor 43
23. Doppler's Effect in sound & Light 45
24 . 50
'
pk
0?
- 25 .
26 .
Thermal Physics
Question solving techniques in Physics
MCQ's for practice Questions
52
56
27 . Hints for practice Questions 83
M 28. Some common questions in Physics 93

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PHYSICS GUTKA 1?
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ALLEN I PHYSICS GUTKA
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cBasic Mathematics
solutions (Sef ) x
-b± yjb2 - 4ac
Quadratic equation (f TRT « Ml + < ui) ax +bx+c= 0
2
m 2a
Note : b2 - 4ac < 0 <Tt roots imaginary ('friers Pi «fr ) TFt

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b2-4ac eft roots equal ?Ft I

Sum of roots = x } + x2 = -b/a, Product of roots = x 2 x2 = c/a
Exercise : Solve : 10x2 27 x + 5 0 Ans. x = 5/2, x = 1/5
- Rem cm b er 'A'lwaysT ~
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Binomial Theorem (f TK TPfa)

72=J 1.41 >/3= 1.73 .>/5= 2.23
,
(1 + x)" = 1 + nx + ;
n (n 1)
2
x2 + ! 13
n ( n ~ ) fn ~
- x3 + ... ?
2 = 1.26
/3
, 3
,a
:*
41 = 1.59. 5 = 1.71
1.44 . -
if x «< 1 [x, 1 «fipl t
15ter ] eTt (1 + x) n » 1 + nx
Trignometry (5l «fr ) ulMa) Ex .
a 1 3
sin 0 5
sin20 + cos20 = 1
la
\
2
+ b2 cosec 0 Ja 2 2
+b . 3
a
b 1 37
1 +Ltan20 = secz0 COS0
Va 2
+b
2 sec 0 0 Be *2 4
1 + cot20 = cosec20 ianO
sin 20 = 2 sin 0 cos 0; cos20 = cos20 - sin20

-| sin 0
COS 0 cot 0
1
= 1 - 2 sin20 = 2cos20 - 1
b 4 - Bass - 37 °
3 - Base - 53°
7i radian = 180° => 1 rad « 57° & 1° = 60' (Pro) ; 90° = TT/2 rad .
sin(-0) - sinG
-
sin (-0) = sin0 ; cos (-0) = +cos 0 tan ( 0) =
cos(-0) = -tan0
cos 6
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B
sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B -

cos (A B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
Vectors
Electric current (fejef *TRT) is not a vector
[Although it has both magnitude and direction but it does not follow triangle rule of addition ]
Addition of vectors > T qtn)
m
"
H " R - lA Bl
+ = VA2 + B2 + 2A.B = VA2 + B2 + 2ABcos 0 B
R = A+ B
Bsin6
Hf < ull 41 (Resultant) A (Angle ) tan a Sin 0

= A + BcosO All
Asin 0 Bcoso
MRUIIHI (Resultant) 1 131*1 SFrirri (Angle) tan
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p
'
B + Acos 0
.
Bl J?| |?| " 2ACOS0/2 ft*# if tan a = tan p = tan 0/2 [or a = - p = 0/2]
5

1
PHYSICS GUTKA
Subtraction of vectors ( ttfeiT MdHI)
R = A - B = A + (-B)
H = VA 2
+ B2 + 2ABcos( 7r - 0) = >/A2 + B2 - 2ABcosO
| i = 2A sin| tan a = tan p. |[ or

cot ct = p = --- j
forft TifeT (vector) nl positive scalar (tHlcH 4> 3lfel) 3Tjqi W.fen Tint magnitude ( MR.HI «I )
*n TTT 1 it 3A , -fHeb| fell ANFTFEN 3 It D ftmagnitude , A magnitudenTFcfR jmt I
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Negative scalar it multiply n?TlnR direction opposite It niTflt11 TCt ( 4) A

* - = -4A $ 1+1 fell A nftfen *
MR.H|U| A -qftTiTDj T 47p nT |
Dot (Scalar) product ( 3{feT) Tpmhd]
A.B = ABcosG s Tjcp aifer (a scalar)

A = Axi + Ay j + Az k B = BXI + By j + Bzk It A.B = AXBX + AyBy + AZBZ
Cross (Vector) product [cTS ( TlfeT )
A xB = ABsinGn 55 feT (a vector)

n > unit vector perpendicular to both A and B ( A n B #if cdHetri Tj rf TTfel)
It j
Ax Ay Az = i [AB - ] ] [
AxB ByA - ABrBxAl
2 + k|ABy-B AJ
Bx By Bz
A x B = i (A B - B y A ) + j (A B - B A ) + k (A By - B A )
y '
l
A x B = i (ABx - B y A ) + y (A B - B A ) + i (A B y - B A )
Ex. If A = 2i - 3j -
+ 4 k and B *= 3 i + 6 k then calculate
AxB
Sol. A x B = i [( 3X6) -(0)(4)] + j [(4) ( 3H6)( 2)]+ k [( 2)(0)-(-3)(-3)]
- = -18 i 24 j - 9 k -
Right hand thumb rule
vector A ( fei) n>t cHLh fingers ( jTd Ml)

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vector B nft TITO T5tl angle n>t

felT 3 MMl l m thumb (sljl)
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nft direction AxB
n t direction felt I
R
Note : B x A =
C tnt nrt direction
- AxB
opposite feft )

. . .
ALLEN PHYSICS GUTKA

CARFF-RtNSTITUTE
s
Important Conversions
1/360 revolution
Plane angle 1 degree = 60 minute = 3600 second = 2n /360 radian -
radian
(UHdd 1 radian = 57.3°, 1 revolution (1 4<raR) = 360° = 2rt
cm
100 centimeter = 1 metre = 1000mm ; 1 inch = 2.54
Length
-10 , 1 fermi 10-»sm
1 foot =30.48 cm , 1 mile (1 4ta) =1609 m , lA = 10 m -
11 nautical mile (1 4td)=1852 m, (Note : 1 knot=1.852 km/hr), 1 yard 1 4%=3ft
(
<V, .
1 light year (1 44TRT M ft) = 9.46 x 1012 km
1 parsec
'•
> 1 light year 1 parsec (1 HK 4> ) = 3.26 light year
> 1 AU 1AU (astronomical unit) = 1.496 x 10 um 1.5 x 10 m9
1 bohr radius = 0.529 A , 1 mil = 10 inch , 1 nm = 10 m
3 "
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tfW * - * **
1 urn = lQ %1, 1 mm = 10 3m , 1 pm = 10 m' 12 "
fcpTS)
1 cm2 = 10 1 m 2 , 1 barn = 10~28 m 2, 1 hectare = 104 m = 2.47 acres
2
Area ( U'+JVt)
Speed (4Id) 1 km / hr = 5/18 m /s, 1 mile/hr = 0.45 m /s
1 m3 = 106 cm3 = 106 cc = 1000 litre = 35.31 ft ( +Td)
3
Volume (STRcH)
1 atomic mass unit (a m.u.) = 1.66 x 10- kg = lu
. 27
Mass ( St HM)
1 pound = 453.6 g , 1 ounce = 28.35 g
1 slug = 14.6 kg , 1 ton = 907.2 kg , 1 metric ton = 1000 kg
Chandra shekhar limit = 1.4 where M,. = Mass of sun
Force 105 dyne = 1 newton = 0.225 lb (1 lb = 4.45 N )
(Sid) 1 gram-force = 980 dyne , 1 kilogram force ( lkgf ) = 9.8 N
2
=
Acceleration ( rq < ul ) g = 9.8 m /sec2 (MKS unit) 980 cm /sec (CGS unit) 32 feet /sec (FPS unit )
2
1 atm (1 gN) = 1.013 x 10( dyne /cmM .013 x 10 r> N / m 2

Pressure
(414) = 1.013 x 105 pascal = 76 cm Hg == 760mm Hg ( •.• 1pascal 1newton/m )
1 bar = 105 N /m 2 = 10f> dyne /cm 2 ; 1 torr = 1 mm Hg
2
-
Time (TO )
-
Density ( FR4 ) ; 1 kg /m 3 10-3 g /cm 3
1 day = 86 ,400 second , 1 year * 365 - days *» 3.16 x 107 second
Energy & Power 1 Btu (British thermal unit ) » 1055 joule; 1 joule 107 erg
( 3> *rf tT «TT wfad ) 1 eV 1.6 x 10 19 J , 1 horsepower ( hp) «* 746 watt
'
- , 1 cal ** 4.18 J
Electric charge =
1 coulomb < > 2.998 x 109 statcoulombs (or esu) of charge ~ 3 x 109 stC
3TI TT ) o 0.1 abcoulomb (or emu of charge)
: -
(Note : esu electrostatic unit , emu - electromagnetic unit )
; Electric current 1 ampere o 2.998 x 109 statampcrc (or esu of current)
r
4RI ) o 0.1 abampere (or emu of current )
Electric potential .
1 volt o 3.336 x 10 * statvolt o 1 x 10s nbvolts
( ftreja fa T4 ) 1 slalvolt •• 300 volts
'
1 volt per meter o 3.336 x 10 s statvolt /cm o 1 x 10 abvolt /cm
* Electric field
( fa-gn itYsr )
Magnetic field
( 4 itta )
1 T - 104 G , 1 Wb - 10" maxwell , IT 1 Wb/ m \ 1 G - 1 maxwell /cm 2
Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in V

PHYSICS GUTKA
Gravity (STT W TT r°l )

Relative Density or Specific
Density of substance icq ) ML 3 No dimension (faRTtfo)
M°L°T0
Density of water ( TTFTt Mr l ) ML-3
Mechanical Equivalent of heat (3>W FTT rpr TRi)
j
_ Mechanical Work done ( kifach qERf ) ML2T~2 _ OLOJO No dimension
ML2T 2
"
HEAT produced (3FFT RT )
Compressibility (5 = - M LT2 [M LT2]
Avogadro Number ( 3tiqViis) R TT ) (NA )= [mol 1] or [p.-1]

*
'
NA/mole
PV MI -lT ~2 x I 3
Gas Constant (%I Pi 'Mdidi ) R = ~ = ML2T~20 1 mol 1
_ [ML2 2
© 1 mol 1]
*
=
*
pi 0 x mol
_
20 1 mol 1
R (GasConstant ) ML2T "
n Boltzmann's Constant k
N Avogadro number )
( 1
[ML2T 20~'] *
mol
(V - 11 3) FRT
Vander Waal's Constants v IV P + TTT
V y ' V
= Pressure
(dimensionally )
PV*~2 ML-1T~*2
1
2 volume L3
(/ )\
,
x L3 = ML5t
T-2 mo1I -2 [ML+ 5T 2mol 2]
»
=>a H
md 2
* *
and b s [L3 y ']
Entropy ( H IH1)=
Amount of Heat ( n TJM ) _ ML2T 2 "
_
Temperature [WJ ) = ML2T~20 1 [ML2T 20 1] * *
0
L/R or RC » Time constant of L-R/R-C circuit ( HH M Pdiiclich ) = dimension of time = T - m
_ _I 1 100 1 -
Power of Lens *iRti ) P
f = f metre f cm L [L M*
(Note : for lens P = 1/f and for mirrors P = - 1/f )
Magnification (3TT4ER) (for lens m = v

& for mirrors m =- u ( No dimension)
Enthalpy H= U + PV = Total heat content = ML2T 2 [ML2T 2]
*
*
Cofficient of Viscosity ( Mdi : r| = F/6nrv [ML-'T 1] *
UftkiFt
Use n2 = nx [j J*
where MaLbTc is the dimensional formula of physical
quantity
[ v nu = constant yteMIrHcb "
RH x = TTFT = fr ld ]
Ex. F s MLT-2 FT force RT Si (MKS) cf *IT CGS system value compare I
100cm
105
lcm

m
ALLEM
CAREER INSTITUTE
PHYSICS GUTKA
vm
Mechanics
. « : For- Mechanics
o»nulge GIVEN BY Mechanics and almost 85%
gV
| Physics given by Newton
ft RHMI TT 2TT chHvsllc ,
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Nature of physics
.Rest-
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fiR 3PT% 3TPT #TT PEN jF r
Physics is <x>ntain. If you maintain,
-
'Motion Relative Selection is certain
Special Note : Physics it fiRtt it motion ( rfa ) it R) Kinematics it *nrit I
Kinematics IriMI 1 = % < TTfeT- i:rfeT oFTr eiien en (Tuning between motion & mind)
« ti ( i '
PARTICLE KINEMATICS
l S* ll question 3 involved ( ) directions mutually perpendiculai O \JJU
( RFR vP e ) iteft f
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independent iteftI Tramerm cRrit *rit ftrrit rit
STif freeitift Cl itfreeT il ilfey,)© kinematics questions
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1tfTT afh t,
(In one time think in single direction only) < ?t question «Pt in 11
wt lit mrwT writ ?mti
-
1 direction M Right conclusion
at known unknown
Simultaneously all direction = Definite confusion ara connector fr i
I Vector «bH scalar Ipraft EZfH i T7i
1 Question tzur?t Mts ilfiy, 3?fT 04 TJ 7 ( Patience Jfj PRrqif | q; I
-
L * -QoFi f TT i Analysis*> <*< > f*R < 0 direction R 3TI ( f TT reverse RT wtH T# )
U Check the nature ol question - - -

Rest equilibrium (IF 0 & I? 0)
Motion - RR direction if unbalanced force use ( F = ma )
9

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PHYSICS GUTKA
Nomm
FBD Technique (NLM)

SF= 0
Equilibrium-
PM r-KQuestion of Rest - Sx =0
£jr c,ee 1 **
ft u of Motion
Question
© cV-
,
forces involved in
the given question G
Telbn
Contact *-
-
- Normal force
force
Spring force:
•Thurst
[
Frictional </
1
force (f )
v <
*
(f )rmiUng
i force
XU • w.r.t. Ground > No concept of pseudo
=
p
{Inertial frame) .
/• M dS ndfo =
U w.r.t. accelerated frame > Apply concept
(non-inertial frame) of pseudo force
observers position)
Horizontal & Vertical

Parallel to inclined plane & normal to I.P.
Radial (normal) & tangential.
NEWS (N1E, W1S)
(xly), tylz) (zlx)
In drawing FBD firstly show that force which appear as
© Action-Reaction pair between the bodies.f ra force it body,

system it Oft free body
* t, rit i
ww.pmtcorner.in
Downloaded From w
m
85
PHYSICS GUTKA
<Dynamics of Motion (Cause of motion)

3 ft ft Rt 1m class 3
TOTCT ( qW / 'bK ) 3 <si *ft
External Force t+ jc( e1 Tpft <HH I 'ft
Two
Agents (Linear Vector)
For translation motion
cftcfcT FPTlft HIT ,
3TR 3FFTT HT 3FR «uf|q
'ft _
of
TR ¥*? discuss/interact ft HRt '
motion „ External Torque
(Axial Vector)
For Rotational Motion
3TW TfF? HT Set Tim uttczact 'ft HR!
NEWTON MECHANICS
. .
Pt tN *tst no
= =
Basically five forces in Newton Mechanics : Field > Force > Acceleration > Kinematics =
O Weight ( HR) : 4 ( fttftnft 3TR ) Due to gravity of Earth
Living ( llqci)
© Tension ( IHKO : Always away from body -
(Due to stretching) Nonliving (srsflfarl)
© Tension tsftYIT Hftftf iftn HlfinT I
Contact Force Normal Contact Force "

|
© ( HH )
(Perpendicular to contact surface towards the body) I Electromagnetic nature
(due to pressing) Tangential contact force : Frictional force J
chKul ) (Parallel to contact surfaces)
- irmr* Press Push

( )
O Spring Force ( fWh HcT ) -nmnmr
Af.
»
Pull
sr F» u=
\
© Thrust Force (Bouyant Force) ( <ir<niqi HcT ) Always in upward direction
[Magnitude = Vpg where V =Volume of body , p = Density of medium ].

U
PHYSICS GUTKA
cggCative Motion
H
S„= S « , + . where
.
.M. fft 'fa9v .
* K55£~
best approach 1 ) k
V
W IRT
feTCsHT ( answer nftcRI )
( R fawai relative) ( Wtf iT ) ({tf FRI ) dition irule
\ vector addition
© © xAB T
lei 'll )
XBA © © E£ 7 ©
-
Relative quantity = Actual quantity Reference quantity (Actual = Re f + Re lative)
1W 11
>W & -> f fr describe f TT W 11 xrdcrcnce -» respect 3describe
S (displacement)
V (velocity)
a (acceleration)
E*
- VAB = VA - VB => VA = VB + VAB
I CaCcuCus Approach
Field Force v 5 (or r )
(Boss of force) (Source of physics)
x-direction Fx ax * Vx X
y-direction _L A. y
z-direction Fz az Vz
In space F = Fxi + Fy j + Fzk In x-y plane F = Fxi + Fyj
In space a = axi + ayj + azk In x-y plane a = axi + ay]
In space v = vxi + vyj + vzk In x-y plane v = vxi + vyj
In space r = xi + yj + zk In x-y plane ? = xl + yj
Ex. If x = ut + |axt 2;
|aytz ; z=u,t|
y= uyt + + at then r = xi + yj + zk = |
2
+ at Qt 2
Ex. The coordinates of a particle moving in YZ plane are given by y=4cos6t and z =6 sin6t Find •
(i) The equation of the path (ii) Velocity (iii) Acceleration (iv) The relation between and
s r
yz z2 1 (
.
Sol (i) y = 4 cos 6t & z =6sin6t fg + 35 = equation of ellipse)
(ii) v = =- j+ = -24 sin 6t j + 36 cos 6t k
(Hi) a = - = -144 cos 6t j - 216sin6t k

dt
(iv) a = -144 cos 6 t ] - 216 sin 6 t k = - 36 (4cos6t j+6sin 6t k) = -36? > a
= = - 36 r

PHYSICS GUTKA
.
7>ati r
EBHa
IKOTA RAJASTHANlI
(
g rap ft Rdatetf Questions

( fog
Nature of slope(S)
(Case) y y
„ d (case) tly
_ SlODG = 0 slope = 0 ve slope = oc
i „
slope -
" 3!GSSr dT $lope = +ve
-*(basex -) S„
4
- 0 »x
Variation of slope(S)
>x >x
y
A slope
y nstant
increasing slope
slope increa
decreasing
-> x >x
V
slope= 0 IP In this diagram 'p
-2 ]1 Numerical values p
¥&
+2
> | indicate slope at j
%V +1 -1 (L that point
4 45 V 0 x
di
Relation -> Function [y =f (x) j -> Graph talk'll IdHMl if Slope (dy/dx) 3tMi > physical quantity Tl fFcTTI
(T)
*• In Kinematics
t
1 Acceleration-t
.
Velocity-t
- d ,
Speed-t
'
„ .
Displacement-t
„
Distance-t
[ „,, , » < JU w. . :s ..
, A. . (
r In Mechanics
, X . - X- .
* Formula oX,,
- si
Time {
'
.
) Displacement (faWR) Velocity (%!) v= §dt V »v =V
time
:
Time ( m)
* Velocity ( 7)
Acceleration
(raR T) a *
dt Sav time
Time ( HH -M ) - Momentum Force ( R?1)

®
4
F= P
dt
Fw P.. -P
time
:-
•
.
& Energy (3 5(f ) Power fRf d) P =:
dE
Pav
dt time
Time ( T*TC) *
dW W
W0M Work (sppf ) Power( tfiRn) P«
dt time
Angular Momentum Torque

Time CFTTPT) FfrNq #1) time

EfrqAjLUtC
PHYSICS GUTKA
a
dt
F
-4 dt fad,
J Ax = 3 Jvdt l = Ap = jFdt
acceieraecn
t
acceleration
i
-t
Velodty/Speed
Ex. 1 -t Ex. 2 SpecdAfelodty ZN

distance/displacement X -t
« t
Distance/DispUcerncnl
t
Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5
2
X X
•
1
Force Veto. -
{ ) M
X t
2' V
Momentum disp. -
( )
*(V t)
- -
w
> (disp. t) Similar -
to (F t) > (momentum t) -
t
s
mammanaiim
'
O (Known)
, Details MT 3 fFFTT (Connector)
-'
O '
X % T (Unknown)
Upward Vertical Projectile Motion ( 1-D)

u
= g
_ u±
i v= 0, a*0
*
m ax
H
I
H
1 =a .
H
9 ai 9
Ui= UA i
,, uz _ K ) ,
'2
2g2ax 77 7 7 /77 7777 GrOUnd

*r Motion under gravity (MUG)
Time interval at TOP
GL -» T = XX
different levels 9
FL 2v "> TF =
7= t 4 - tl
H
lrsuel W
v 4 it ,-
W 9
I Free
fall
= , -,
P Leool V4
-
SL » T5 = 3 2
(FL)
V t4
V
Time of journey or total time of flight
T " *i + t 4 = t 2 + t
v
Ground
Level (GU
•
. Plane of Projection
XXuWvWVwVvVvW W \W \Y \V \ (POP)
\ \ \
3

PHYSICS GUTKA
ALLEM
cagegg
mrm/Tg
I Projectile Motion (2-D)
, ux = usma
usinG _ ucosa u
(A t
H=
ir
2u
r, _
g
2 usin 0 2ucosa
u, = usinQ
a H
at =g
T = 2tH =
aT
"
| 9 9 6
>x
H til _ 2
u2 sin 6 2
u 2 cos a 7777/7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
u = u cos 0
2a , 2g = 2g <
- x U J-
f 2uyl
( 2u 2uxuy
R = (ucos0)T = uM x u g
Maximum Range (3?ftp?i?f*T WR) ux = uy or 0 = 45° g
m - Max. range acceleration vector line Range angle bisector ( 3T r) TR 5) til %I

4 tt projectiles Range WT tPft projection angle
W (speed) $
complementary t 3T*rfc( 0 < RT 9O°-0 tfaT tl Angle 45°+0 45°- 0 horizontal range
i same tteft tl
Projectile motion on inclined plane ( 2-D) Up motion -
u, usin (0 - a ) 2u 2 usin (0 - a ) ; ,, u 2 sin2 (0 - a )
,=
a gcosa
. 1 - ztH - a ± ,- gcosa
: H =- 2 gcosa
a =gcosa
,
*OA = Range on inclined plane t =T =

Here OB =OAcosa = ( ucos0)T H |
u 3s f|
2
(ucos 0) T 2u cos 0 sin (0 - a ) IK
cfl
g|a\9cosa a
2
cosa geos a t =0 « B ground
TI a u2 (ucos0 )T > t =T
For maximum Range 0 = R
g (l + sina)
Projectile motion on inclined plane (2-D) - Down motion (a =F> t «PTF - a Ril )
u, usin (0 + a )
: u
a, gcosa
T
2ux
= a,
_ 2usin (0 + a ) inclined plane O
8
gcosa "Ft dd [ l
' CV H
horizontal '
u 2 u 2 sin 2 (0 + a ) a =0
H
2a, 2 gcosa
R
, u„
= .
OA = Range on inclined plane
T +
1 2 2
g1[ T
_ uzcos 0 sin (0 + a )
3co$ a
2
_ ( uCOS 0) uT
.
( ucos0 ) T
a A
or R cosa = (ucos 0) T > R = cosa

T if 0= 0 > R =
cosa =
For maximum range 0 = ||
- , Rm n = -
u
.2
f y
Rlt
Special Note : Incline plane RT RTt cRRJ motion ( formulae) 3a RR? -a R
cRR> motion R*fl RTRT tl RTtl f I

PHYSICS GUTKA
[g
Ex. A football is kicked with a velocity of 20m/s at an angle of 45 with the horizontal
,
$f?R 3 45° 4 20 m/s 5Tefl *JIcft tI)

(a) Find the time taken by the football to strike the ground .
(b) Find the maximum height it reaches. (504>1 STf icW *41 jffld
(c) How far away from the kick does it hit the ground ?
( <it9Kri fai d -A
'
RT 4? 'Jitffa 4*) Ff?f
'
tA fl )
<
Sol. (a) We have u* = ucosG = 20xcos45° » 10-J2 m / s
u„ = usinG - 20 xsin45° = 10 2 m / s
V
\
Here a* = 0 and a , = -g
When the football reaches the ground y = 0
S
3
/
O ucos6
\
\
B
-x
4yiqici qr % I)
y - Uyt -| => 0 - 10 /2 -|xl0xtz => - 2V2
gt2 > t t 2.8 sec
2usin 0 2 x 20 1
[ Direct T =
9
= 10 * /2 = 2- 8 secl
(b) At maximum height vertical component of velocity becomes zero.
(3#l3> dM glMI )
100 x 2
Vy = u2- 2gy => 0 = (10V2)2- 2x lOxy > y = H = 10 m
20
u2 sin2 0 20 x 20 x 1
WrectH - - 2 x l 0 x (V2)2' 10m
]
(c) Horizontal distance ! 0 ) [Range( tTCR0! : x = R = u,T« 10V2 x 2V2

- 40m
u 2 sin 20 20 x 20
[ Direct R = !
40 m]
9 10
Ex . Two graphs of same projectile motion projected from origin at t 0 are shown . Find u & u ( -
Take g= 10 m/s2)
vv
1 t
time (sec)
*" v ? . 0) x(m)
( 1/2, o
\
Ans- Here
J |& f = 2 =
if "
Therefore uy = 5ms 1 & '
= 4ms- ,

PHYSICS GUTKA
lasssmsi
Ex. Two projectiles A and B are projected simultaneously in a
'i
vertical plane as shown in figure. Write down necessary collision
conditions for collision to take place. 1/
Sol. For relative motion along horizontal (UJCOSGJ + u2cos02) t =d -|
t
L
t 0
A
H2
For relative motion along vertical (UjSinGj - u sin02) t = H -HJ

2 2
t 'l d - iNWWWWW W .
OR
u, sin 0t - u 2 sin 02 H2 -
Relative velocity must be along AB i.e. d
UjCosGj + u 2 cos 02
Case 1 :
Wire-cage (open cage) : tTR TT [ H*KI [Air of cage is not bound with the cage]
-
bird (parrot ) 3sdl (Flies away) ft spring balance
( reading decrease shfl I
Note : Bird 353T Rcft t, ctt STO (for a moment) reading increase Icft tl
Case II :
case bird fftRft ft cR? cPf reading decrease sfFft I
Air tight cage : [Air of cage is bound with the cage]

A
bird constant velocity -
3Sdl % eft spring balance reading
-T?f sft 4 ll I
bird 37 3TR acceleration $ 3531 start
"
<M( ll % vT) reading increase
*
#it C*IT % fwi WPTI ) -
Concept of (Pseudo (Force

I Not a real force
l Exist only in non-inertial frame (Accelerated frames or rotating frames)
Inertial frame d H) -
Frames at rest or moving with uniform velocity
-
Non-lnertial frame ( 3i 'Jtsrql J d si ) -* All the three Newton's laws are not valid.
% cfidd
'Rotating frames centrifugal force ( c f c T ) d ' ldl t
% Pseudo force % I Pseudo force 3
observer reference frame acceleration R Pi qRcTltl
'
inertial frame t ft pseudo force ( I
1. A refrence frame attached to the earth :
(a) Is an inertial frame .
(b) Cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is revolving around the sun .
(c) Cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is rotating about its axis.
(d) Is an inertial frame because newton's laws are applicable in this frame .
17

PHYSICS GUTKA
jUr
2 - A particle of mass m is observed from an inertial frame of reference and is found to move inaci
r with a uniform speed v. The centrifugal force on it is rdeoT dh7s
( \ mvZ
~
mv 2
w towards the centre ( b) away from the centre
r
mv 2 '
(c) - along the tangent through the particle (d) Zero
3. A particle of mass m rotates in a circle of radius a with a uniform angular speed ra. It is viewed
rotating with a uniform angular speed . The centrifugal force on the particle is:-
from a frame
coQ
2
(a) mo) 2a (b) mco a (c) m ( )a (d) m©co 0a
4. A particle of mass m rotates in a circle of radius a with a uniform angular speed co. It is
viewed from a fraiime
rotating with a uniform angular speed to.
The centrifugal force on the particle is
(a) ma> 2a (b) mco 2a
,
(c) m ( ° 2 °) a
)
'"
(d) mo)(o 0a
I . J
s
o
T2
> Spring balance
.
Mic lch (reading) = I
f 2T T2 )1
Jg
"
j +T
reading ( f + Q ilyiH -'TTC) (kg-wtAg-f) 3 I)

Ex.
H-
y/ / ./ / / / / / // / // / // // / // / // / /// // /,
Ex . \\\\\\\\\\\\
T>
T2 1
I|} | Reading = 15 kg-wt = R ,
£x
50kg
Reading = 50 kg-wt
\\\\\ \\\\\
Ex.
_
= R vT,=T2 = 50 xg
50kg
Ex.
2
I
1
s
Reading = 15 kg-wt = R2
15 kg
R = 20 kg-wt R , =10 R 2=10

3
rth R= £[ .
4mim2
9 nrij + m 2
20kg
10kg 10kg
rni
18

Ex.
mu Ex.
PHYSICS GUTKA
.7;!
Xi
•
a(acceleration ) a(acceleration)
s
v |? >
4m , m; (g - a)
K=
R
-
(g » a)
kgwt
,-
m m2 g kgwt
mj + m2 g
m2
rrij m2 m,
Ex. Given Reading of Sj 90 kg , .

Reading of S2 = 30 kg (g = 10 m /s2)
S,
4l - 10m/V
If the mass is stationary w.r.t. lift then determine the mass of block.
. . i .ir- ft
m m(g + a ) S
Sol . 90
9
+ 30 => m = 30 kg
Qiiestions 6 asecf on Newton's Laws
•
> ic
'
« -
- r djvA . t hodtnW
Ex. If Xj, x2 & x3 be the extensions in the spring in shown cases. / / / / / ///
Write down mathematicsl relation between x,, & x3. xz

x , _ 5X 2 _ 3X3
Ans.
2 12 4
g 12 k k k
Hint : In (A) T = kx,= 2g ; In (B) : T = kx2 =3g -3 x 7- = | -g- g; TQ
g 4 n
In (C) T = kx3 = 2g - |= 2 x g 2kg 2kg
(A)
3kg
( B)
2kg 1kg
(C)
2kg
Ex : Monkey (10 kg) 2 m /sec2 ccHul rope tR <vHtl immmmmw

A
(8kg) uniform velocity 2m /sec. $ ScR T?T 11 Fixed support
'W
'
2 m/sec2
B
9T tension TT el 'i) I [ <Htl =
mass 0] [g=10ms ] ~2
10 kg
xb (uniform
acceleration)
Sol. 8 kg. qicl Monkey
=> T, = 8g
10 kg 4 iel Monkey
'
feiy, FBD
ftrHJ FBD
r8g
C
8kg
D
%o > 2 m/sec
(uniform
velocity)
T2 9-T , = 10 x 2 (y F = ma) 2m/sec2

10g
=> Tz = 18 g + 20 = 200 N
Note : (rope *f ) part AB 3 tension T , Part BC 3 tension T, TfSTT part CD 3 tension zero I
2

PHYSICS GUTKA
the rope is pulled
Ex. For given situaUon, determine the force with which
Weight bf person « w
Weight of chair » W ,
t
2T
.
Sol (Chair + Person) 5T system
t
TR 333 FBD
( W + W) (w + W)(g + a) ILxJi
3T - w - W =
Ja => T 3g
Ex. system steady state system

CM
TJIMUW /I / JM
acceleration 3TRT I {g = 10 ms2} B 2 kg
|. a , 39
S„
-t 2g - (2g)
=
59 - 0.5 x 2g = 4g e u -2
3+ 2 + 2 7 7 7
Note : ZTSf spring force internal force «i> t 3T? behave I
Dependent Motion of Connected <Bodies

'
(
Method I : Method of constraint equations (Ex, •= constant)

«• faddl moving bodies tPft $ xr xz,... I
«• faddl strings Fft 3cpft constraint equations I
UUIU1IUUL UllUlUlUllllilllllllllllUllUL
acceleration a, % cTt Rfa relation W ORdlJ I
Ex. l Tfe adlCl a2
A
Sol. Here xt + xz + x 2 = constant
*1 X2
time RI2T differentiate FT XI + 2 X2 = 0
But xi
R3F cfR sfft
=a and
time RT*T differentiate FFTT TR XI + 2 X 2
£2 = -a 2 Therefore a,-2az = 0 => a, = 2a

=0 Ei ' - llta ,
Ex. 2 If block A is moving with uniform veloicty vA upwards then find out
velocity of block B.
Sol. For string (1) : 2xA + d-xp= £, => 2 XA - XP = 0

For string (2) xp + xp-xB= z => 2 XP - XB = 0
z
4 xA - xB
But xA = - 4VA SO XB = - 4VA

Therefore velocity of block B will be 4vA down the incline pla

PHYSICS GUTKA
Method II : Method of virtual work
(The sum of scalar products of forces applied by connecting links of constant length and displacement of
corresponding contact points equal to zero. , - 5? = 0 => ]Ft - Vj - O -

F a. - 0
Ex. l ///////////// /////// // ///////////// / ////

Ex. 2
2T
2T
T T
T
T &
T v„ I 4T
z [A | tv
4 El El ta
«
a >
WUWVUuuvuuuUhUwwivuuuuwwwuiuwuu
* 5, = 0 => 2Ta2 Ta; = 0 > a1= 2a. - = F, . v1 = 0 => (4T)VA-TVB = 0 => VB=4VA
Friction
fpt J ;
.. w . v.
O Rough surface RTaft TT rf % surface rough t ai smooth]

fr = 0 t Limiting
© Check \ u
"
fr * 0 Static factory T
£ force /
1o
/ Normal rest > fr = Applied force Kinetic
frictional force
© Nature of friction / N Limiting rest > fr = ysN £
\ -> fr = nKN
K ,
O Direction of fr [fr = frictional force] i
0 Draw FBD
/
Ex
t
Ex . system fal* F aft value aai fWl fa motion start I

N
iF
mmg
F f t FsinO
ililliiillllliilllllllhlllliiliiiiiiiiiililiiiliiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii f. *
M
=
Jg
n -» FcosO
F
Mg

PHYSICS GUTKA - === MSS
surrounding (isolate)
* ope tens,on
Note Mass M FBD W
consider TT
(Normal reaction)
tsft % F equal fcl Pulley <T) mass M 3 attached TRT *
(rope) isolate
* W *
N + Fsin0 = Mg ; " F = F + FcosG = F(1 + cosG)
pMg
Motion start 3 '
fcT v Fr = pN 3T? : F(1 + cos0) = p(Mg - FsinG) F = i COsG+psinG
+
N ,F
Ex. Body pulled up along a rough inclined plane surface
(tJ°F 8 TcT THTcTeT ld £ dndt <sllql 'Jlldl I)

mgsinO mgcosft
Normal reaction N = mgcosG JJN
\0
Fmln = mgsinG + pmgcosG
(Minimum force condition speed constant
Ex. Body pulled down along a rough inclined plane surface
mV7'
'
SRfir Sflcft 11)
Fm n = pmgcosG - mgsinG
| 9
(constant velocity block F -
dlq ll ijPTT)
Ex. Block
,Hebi FBD
pull fcT
FsinO
minimum force fouFTT qileHI ( f
N = mg - FsinG
iZ
ijiiiiwiiniwiuiiimtuuiifiiminittt
N
FcosG = p(mg - FsinG) .
Fcos0
fiN e- - mg F
pmg
cosG + psinG
pmg
(cosG + psinG) maximum ftfal I maximum value
-Jl + pz % l 37?T: Fmin =
Ex. Find the maximum value of F so that both move together.
(There is no relative motion b/w A & B)
P
Sol. ajyjlwi ( Acceleration of m + M) = M F

+
Smooth
N, ///7777777777777777777
" a
FBD of pN ,* pmg = m m:
F
= p(m + M) g
m + M = Fmax
mass m >
mg
Ex.
N .
Find the maximum value of F so that both move together.
P m F
Sol. FBDof pNz Here N2 = mg M

mass M
;;rv Smooth
////777777777777777777
Mg
,
asys em
m+M M •
max p
M)

PHYSICS GUTKA
Two and Three Blocks

Problem in Friction
r
• The block on which a net force is applied to pull or
push , friction on both of its surfaces direction
| Decide
direction
offriction
forces
•
opposite to the force .
Friction between two surfaces in contact makes
action reaction pair, these forces act in opposite
,
direction with equal magnitude .
• If coefficients of static and kinetic friction are

Decide range of different
friction forces
fs <ftsN fk = pkN •
between each pair of

• If coefficients of static and kinetic friction are
surfaces in contact.
same f pN
Decide maximum possible acceleration
II each of those blocks, which accelerate

only due to friction.
If friction in zero anywhere below the block on which
y Sequence
of
Slipping
force is applied , slipping first starts there .
Out of the blocks (accelerating due to friction forces
only) which has least maximum possible acceleration
start slipping next . It starts slipping with respect to that
block which has next higher maximum possible
acceleration .
Solve
§§ the
Questions
NO
J
Ex. Block B is pulled horizontally by a force F, which increases gradually .

(i) Find maximum friction between each pair of surface .
(ii ) Decide sequence of sliding between various surfaces in contact .
ti - 0.2
Also calcualte minimum value of F for that .
(iii) Express accelerations of various block as function of F.
(iv) Draw a -t graph if F= 10 t where t is time in second . (g = 10 ms 2)

I
PHYSICS GUTKA a
A
S K (i) 20kg
° L -
= (0 1) (20g) = 20 N
• %
f 2 max ~ (0.2) (50g) = 100 N [ 3

M
f3 max = (0.1) (90g) = 90N
A
(ii) Block A and C moves due to frictional forces.
20 . _2 _ jma.
_ 100 - 90 _ ims-z
aA
1 max
= 2o = lms & ac 40 4mc
< aAmax so slipping between B & C starts before slipping between A & .
B
acm ax
Also as f 2 ma,, > f 3 so slipping starts first between ground and C.
Calculation of Fmhi
• Between ground and C : Fm n = 90 N |
A'
20kg
B 30kg
Between B and C : aFi> = 112.5N 'J°- C
MOO
90 40kg
A
20kg
D a.
, _ 20 F - 20 -100 20
• Betwe en AA and B :
20 30 => F = 150N 20 <
G
B 30kg I F,.,
100*
(iii) For 0 < F < 9 0 N aA = aB = ac = 0
F - 90
For 90 < F < 112.5N aA = an = ac 90
For 112.5 <; F <:150N aA = a>
For F 150N a < = lms-! a . , = FC 2, ac = lms.r

4
(iv) For 0 < t < 9s aA = aB = ac =0 J
a»
For 9 < t 11.25s aA = aB = ac = i- l
For 11.25s t 15s aA = aB = vo - 2, ac = Ims-z T

4
For t 15s aA = ims 2 , aB = iO - 4

'
_I ms -2
Aaa „=a,.= Q
4A
U . 25 15

Wor Energy ancf (Poxyer
Work Energy Theorem ( «hl 4 yi) ) of Physics)
Work done by all type of forces W = AKE = Change in kinetic energy.

Note : W = Wc + Wnc + Wext
Wc
_ W,r = -AU = (U,-Uf )
W = -AU =(U -U,.U
where Wc -» Work done by Conservative force = -AU =(UrU,)
W,*. -* Work done by Nonconservative forces Wetoros alic = -AU =(U,-Uf )
!
Won. -» Work done by external agent
••
7
(Mjprai.
Initial Final
Beginning Asking cfxT ST#
|WET - W„+ W, + (U,-U,U+ W + W . .- , K - K,| ST#
Ex. In Shown figure , initially the spring is unstretched when the system is released from
rest. Assuming no friction in the pulley , find the maximum elongation of the spring.
(Slcfftfa 3 fTSFT t cfa TJ3TT 3TSRSIT $ #5T WT % I TfHT ffepcft
ETsfaT T%?T % I fWT *1 srf TcPT iTRi I)
Sol. Maximum elongation condition 3 velocity zero I
1 2mg
By work energy theorem AKE = W; 0 = (mg) (x) - kx2 => x
K
(Note : 2 iff forces % I gravitational force cf TT FRI spring force.)
Ex. The spring has a force constant of 24 N/m . The mass of the block attached to $ 4kg
s k
the spring is 4kg. Initially the block is at rest and spring is unstretched. The
horizontal surface is frictionless. If a constant horizontal force of ION is applied
oooo iirB ION
/ / / / / / / / / //// / // // /////
on the block then it has been moved through a distance of 0.5m . Find the
velocity of block.
fern qFT fH 4dk 24 t I fePT 3 35T sT HH 4 %T1T. 11 m»T 3 t feFT
% l $frFSJ ycifj fui 5ld Is I MR ®criT«+> TT 10 4)T Pi d
"
criMNl 'Jiidi % eft sdRi 0.5 Mtnni %I
«dT=b 3*1 TTcT cblfay, I
Sol . By Work Energy Theorem AKE = W
Here|mv - 0 = Wex, + Wsprin = Fexls - AU = (10) (0.5) - ~ kx

2
3
2
=|
> - x 4 xv = 5|
- x 24 x (0.5) =>
2 2 v = lm /s
25

n
PHYSICS GUTKA
Ex. Figure shows a spring fixed at the bottom end of an incline of inclination 37°. A
away
small block of mass 2kg starts slipping down the incline from a point 4.8m
from the spring The block compresses the spring by 20cm stops momentarily
.
and then rebounds through a distance of lm up the incline. Find (a) friction
coefficient between the plane and block and (b) the spring constant of spring.
37° 3TRri I 3TPm I 2 fen.
(b) feFT T fePT PlMflfo

Sol. (a) Apply work energy theorem for initial & final positions
'
Si frlH R frl RnU. « 14
Change in KE = 0 = Work done by frictional force + work done by gravitational force
=> 0 = - (p mg cos 37°) (5+1) + (mg sin 37°) (5-1) => p = 1/2
(b) Now apply work energy theorem for shown positions
s<
Initial Position
37°
Final Position
-
u fl
'/ / / / ///// / / / // / ///

0- 0 - (mg Sin37 (5) - (p mg cos37°) (5) - kx2 => k = 1000 Ntrr1
Ex. The blocks have equal masses. The surface of A is smooth but that of B has
10m/s
A
a friction coefficient 0.1 with the floor. Block A is moving at a speed
of lOm/s J J
*->
.
towards B which is kept at rest. Find the distance travelled by B if (a)
the collision
is perfectly elastic (b) the collision is perfectly inelastic.
Take g=10m/s2.
fern B st «Sluo +/$. ++T &

* w t <it B SKI <ra _
(a) (b) Z TjufcT: 3rarqRSiti (g=10 ms'2 )
Sol. (a) Conservation of linear momentum
mux + mu2 = mvx + mv2 => 10 = Vj + v2 (i)
v 2 ~ Vl
for elastic collision ( yrHi Z bt)
Ui - U2
=1 =>v2 - Vl = 10...(ii)
Solving eqn (i) and (ii)
vi ~ 0 > v2 = lOm/s
Work-energy theorem
.
W + w„+ W„ KE - KE ., , =. 0 + 0 + m <-a)x - 0 - KE,
Herea - Mg so - mM9x . -1 | .
0 mv x 50 m
(b) For inelastic collision (arSffifFSTZ ) 2v = 10 => v - 5 m/s
According to work energy theorem ± (2m) x 25 = m(pg) x ;

=> x = 25m
1
PHYSICS GUTKA
Conservative force ( TCSft 4d)
|F.dr = 0 [®('<A MR.M 4 4» STjjf TT f 4 4T TFTT 'hlU

) f$ldl
• * or W! (constant and uniform) *Td T$4 11 ( . F.dr = Fcf dr = o)

*r (gravitational), ft*R dld (Electrostatic) cT TT cdlW (elastic) ®fd «Id (central forces) t dt
1% d (conservative force) 11
2
*» For a conservative field W = Jp.dr = U, - U 2 = - AU, (W = - change in PE)
v W = AKE => AKE = - AU => A(KE + U) =0 => KE + U = fw

law of conservation of mechanical energy (COME)
.
Ex 2 s - STT Tad aqN -qraaTTTtf ritCOME
(COME = Conservation Of Mechanical Energy)
If gravitaional potential energy U = Ax + By then |a| =?? (wW fdiddl Si' ll )
. ,
5U ?
F = - 5x 1 "
5U
5y J => F = - Ai -Bj
A D
= > a - VA 2 + B2
( f . dU - ~ 5U - SU .-Y
If electrostatic potential energy U = - 5x + 4y - 3z = qV |v F- j kj
then F = 5i - 4 j + 3k
V5Z + 42 + 32 5>/2 • 'A r •? . * v* ~•
m m
Ex. particle U = U0 - Ax + Bx 2 3 motion plftl) 4R[ TST t (dST A,B positive fd 4dPfi % fdtr force cT4T
force-constant value ?ild I dd fYd point 4T zero (vanish) ftflT t ? 44T WTf H dH (stable equilibrium)
4iT I? "
dU
Sol . F - = A - 2Bx [4t?f A , B constants ] t
=
F = 0 > x0 = A /2B > F = - 2B (x - xQ)
- = k(x - x0)
v Force - k (displacement from equilibrium position) > k = 2B
-- =
Stable equilibrium fd U minimum
l min => Stable fdy, =0 cr*TT -
2
~
= @ ve 44T Umax => unstableei m fd*)
|
=0
* dj? = -vt l
>
m: ~
2 = 2B % 3TcT : X = A /2 B vm\ Tfijdd 44 f 4RJ % \
27

PHYSICS GUTKA BSifi
Radial
=> RAT I Axial
Tangential
,
1 magnitude ( MRRI I)
Uniform circular motion linear vector 3 change
|AX| = 2xsin rf T x may be s, v, a, p, F, acp

Method 1
mv 2
WT> net real force fd *t
mC0
[Circular motion questions 3 centre r
Real forces acting towards centre
Do component of Mg
v Role of Mg so Don't do component
T- mg cos0 = r V
!
. of tension or normal
reaction which is along
u
radial direction
Method 2 (Non inertial frame)
Particle Wi observer fR method 3 FBD RWf I W observer

2
cct 3
respect
•a
TNI 4 rr 2/r
mv
mv > 100 it54 mgcosO
particle equilibrium [net force =013#TT I particle 4T centrifugal force I 1 ]
r
FBD of m
vc = A/v1 - 2gR = -v/ v - 4gR
vB = - 2gR HEltj
A, B C points TR Tension TR .
D B
TB=T-3mg 3mg R decrease WTT TJ t
R velocity factor 2gR TtlRT 11
vD = M - 2SR
Ta =T
Critical condition particle just circle complete 4RcIT condition ifThighest point
_ ' U/
I =u
-
T 3mg < p R point
J, . T 3mg GOLDEN RESULT
always
l» - T„. = 6mg
n
w pom - Thislhraliic.ni = 6mg
T= 6mg
T 5
Ex . Vertical circular motion 4R p a r t i c l e r - .
T » = 4 nl Lowest point gf
"' tension I
Sol. Lowest points tension maximum wtcTm highest point 47; .
tension
3W ~ T n = 6m9 ~~ - T '
6m9
=>!t »« . 8mg

if
* •<
- • ic N
Ex . For shown situation calculate
(i ) Speed at D , (ii) Normal reaction at D (ui) Height H
Sol . (i) Speed at D = yjSqR H
R >C
V >
• U '' •.
(ii) Normal reaction at C = Nc = = 7 mg
rB§S => Normal reaction at D = 7mg - 3mg = 4mg
(iii) Speedat B =
=> H = 4.5 R
Ex . massless rod attached mass m vertical circular motion T?T % ftrtH critical speed
calculate I A , B, C & D point 41 tension calculate I
Sol. For critical speed at A, at C speed of mass : vc = 0
3TcT: energy conservation law $ mv = mg (2 i ) => vA = -y/4g? C
_ __
TA - i + m9 = 5n,g ; TB . 2
2
-f [in,vJ - m ]=2 mg
D o
c mg
Tc = mg TD = Tb = 2mg
;
-» VA
Here : -ve sign indicate that tension is away from the rod.
Circular Motion (In Horizontal(Plane) ;
V . Don L do component
LJKJi 1 t
. c
* / of Mg
No Role of Mg so /
Ex
mg Do component of tension
or normal reaction
mv2
Centre *bl <U 4> real force T = mo) 2r
r
Ex . Death well (*fld 3ff )
iflcT 4 nkt "
fWid R3TT wooden wi
N=
mv2
» mrco2 & f = pN = mg > p =
mv 2
= mg v2 £9 NP:
r r
2
mv IE
( Note: - mg = f & f pN => mg < p
r
s > v2 > = )
Ex , Conical pendulum ( IddldiK cilct'ti )

T cosO = mg
T sinO *
r => tan = rg
T
Time period
- v
- -- 2nr - . 2no sinO
. 2n_ jKcosO
o
I
29

PHYSICS GUTKA
i Non-uniform Cum Motto

far
*!
f <Wdv/dt = + (f )' (Speed of particle Is not constant)
*
g= = l (5 x r ) = x r + e5 x - - = a x r + © x v = at + acp
Ex. T& particle 2m radius circle -

speed v = (4t 2) ms 13 revolve' fclHt - 1 seconds total
acceleration calculate Vilfacf I
Sol. t = l acp = . = (4 xi ~ 2)
2
2
= i 2!. = 2 ms- ,
| 2
-
t 1 a, = = 4 msr2
Therefore a = a + af = V22 + 42 = >/4 + 16 = >/20 ms- 2
Ex.
NisccCCancous Questions on Applications ofCircufar Notion M
Calculate radius of curvature ( <=( 9hai at highest point & at point of projection.
S
Sol. For a projectile.
At highest point A
„ U
3
A
>UCOS0
At highest point r mg
UCOS0
O -> X m (ucose)2 u2 cos2 e

mg :
\
Rl /
B R2 => R2
q
At point of projection (f O TR ) J. 0\
mgcos 0 = H
2
L
Ri Rl
uz
geos 6
mg
Ex. rotating smooth hemispherical bowl 3 particle (% rw
r mass m
*3 oo 3 r radius
posiUon respect 3 stationary 11 ( T % ground f R
circle rotate T? t)
Sol. Particle firPJ : N cosG
- mg
N sin0
- mco2r «= mo)2R sin0 [ •,• r = R sinGj

fev
if PHYSICS GUTKA
Ill
. •
Ex : particle
v2 2
hemispherical shape
_ v0 speed Wt t 1
cos 9 = 7~~ + surfaced

1 tfir
3rg 3
2
I
1 2
§81 r
= mg cos 0 & niVo + mgr (l cos 0) - = mv if
2
Wi .
= 3rg2-|
cose| +
3 vo = 0 <it cos 0 = -
Ex . particle r radius circular path 3 vertical motion 1ST %
T =0
v2 _2
TH3 T = o , cos 9 = 3 3 SFTTI
mvo = mgr(l + cos 0) + imv =>

2 cos 0 =
mgcosG =- -; - 3
Ex. Overturning and. skidding of a car
Mvz
Sol. R, + R 2 = Mg; F=
Fh Mv~2
Taking moments about G : Rja + Fh = R 2a > 2- =
R o
R , ~ =- = LR
f v2 hl ( v2 h
R .- frirJ
M
& - 2 rirJ
M
„, v2 h [ gar
Rj becomes zero. If g = ar or v= - - y
I gar
=> The vehicle will topple outwards if v > v~ ~
Here the centripetal force provided by frictional force (Horizontal Road ) so the condition for no skidding
v< yfi g
Ex. wnl c a r d r i v e r 'd' yiH -l brake CIMI *)

mv 2 v2
Reason : car turn CMCII t <Tl p mg > =
> P> . . .(i)
2
car cftft brake emmi % eft 0 = v2 -2( pg)d > p > = ... (ii)
Friction coefficient (ii) 'fcH I 37cT: braking Ft safer I
31

PHYSICS GUTKA
collision 3 ( momentum) (conserve) WT 11

"
ff f TT % cTt system momentum TTT )
t i
Inelastic (0 < e< l )
Elastic (e = 1) )
) ( KE ore collision * afteT colliskn
(KE iorjcoOiaon - after collision
usin©
Ex.
/V
ucosG u
u v = eu e
////////////////////////////////// /777777777/777777777777
V usin 0 tan ©
e = Note Here e = 1 tan0'=
u eucos 0 e
u'= Vu 2 sin 20 + e2u 2 cos2 0
V2
e= Q I - U
-V Collision
Collision
separation
approach velocity
%T
(onIy ior velocify comP° nent a on3 the common normal) ,
2
rcij m2 mi m2
Ex. /sec 2m /sec * •
•Before5mCollision 3m/sec • 4m /sec
After Collision
v2 - v i 4- 3 1
Coefficient of restitution (5Tr3T°R«rR j]uii <t> ) e : Uj - u2 5+ 2 7
bodies elastic head-on if maximum kinetic energy transfer bodies mass
same t (mA = mB) ( Tf T KE T 100% transfer ) WU maximum momentum ( T) transfer
Trt collision body Tmass . body collision t fini ( situation
momentum FU 200% transfer $ldi % )
2 9\ mjm ,
_ i
AKE = loss in kinetic energy = 2( mx + m 2 ) 1- 6 ' lQi Q
2 f = gp(l - e2)|urel|2
Example : (i)
•
m,
5m/sec
m2
2m/sec ( T case if I u , u21 = 5 - 2 = 3 )
(ii) # 5m /sec 2m/sec ( iR case if Kij - u2 l

m, = 5 + 2 = 7)
32
"
1 mi ,
mi
PHYSICS GUTKA
Ex. TT Frod ftRRFt density V&> end (M) 3 (distance) proportional 11 rod $ centre
of mass position 3R "
«idl ©I
Sol.
Jxdm Rs f dm , P R dx FT mass % T?T: dm = pAdx 3
Xcm = ?
Xcm =
Jx. xdx
v P ocx (A = Area of cross section); o
P
R
jx x Idx
i
x3
T 0_ 2
* cm
x2
£
ioxdx ~
Z 0
Ex. A spaceship travelling with speed v0 along the positive X-axis suddenly shots out one third of its part with
speed 2v0 along positive Y axis. Find out the velocity of the remaining part
Ans. By conservation of linear momentum RTSP3 )
mvj = y (2v0 j) + R v => v -

= 1 5 vQi -vc j
3 v0 speed (1 = 0.1
Ex. Diagram 3 fc <sn 3 two block system right side lkg
Tlcft % I system centre of mass acceleration calculate ® hU*tU. I

= 10 ms- ) 2kg = 0.2
2
(g
/77 77777777777777777777777777
Ans.
Fnc, (0.2) (3)g
2 ms 2
acm
'
total mass 3
Negative Mass (Charge) Concept

fR concept cavity ( 'jjb'frl ) related questions easily solve
A
-Hebei f I
(@ kr\ . = ©
I
Y
Ex. solid sphere t RRFT mass M radius R % 1 T > cavity figure Solid
spher
?
according |'l
«Hl *fl I centre of mass ( s HM
mar 3
Ft position origin
m - >x
respect I Note : In solid sphere Original
Sol. fRRcavity <bl M/8 m a s s r e p l a c e I [Originalsphered Mass= M
+ M/8 R -M/8 Rit neutralise ©' 1]
3 RXwn = miXt
+ m2x 2
M (0) + - f 2 : ~ 3 m: centreofmassO ( R /14) left lR x-axis -qi TTI
mj + m 2
M+ -S. 14

PHYSICS GUTKA
radius R d*Tl charge +Q %
, H**> cavity Solid
Ex * solid sphere sphere
( )
TPTt I Point P m Electric potential
Electric field calculate I
Initial
-> •?
Sol. system fTR equivalent ( $Jc *0 Charge Q -
- 3R
-
C>- K (-Q / 8) 41KQ
KQ KQ = 17KQ £P _ KQ2 [
vP = 3R + (K3R(--QR// 2))
KQ 8
; (3R) (3R - R / 2)
2
450R 2
3R 20R 60 R
Note : Tt Vke HM<M potential cT®TT field ®Ft calculation 11
Spring (Bfocf Questions (on Smooth surfaces)
a ,= 0 = constant
Key concept : If in horizontal direction =0
*p = constant - COLM in Hz. dir°.
Velocity of CM ( X HII at any elongation/ compression condition is equal to its initial value.
f»t 2R n R)
•- At maximum elongation/ compression condition. (
"
® ?
<
Velocity of each block = velocity of C.M. = Velocity of C.M. at t = 0
= v2 = vcommon = lvcm) = t t = (vj ,0

i
mj + m2
Reduce Mass Concept ( W concept 1 two body mutual interaction ( t apzfpj f rm3gf ) *1 cTO
R f: 'd ® did) bodies motion fat* free1?! I
At maximum elongation/ compression condition
P.E. of spring = Initial KE of relative approach/separation
\ Kxmax - 2 PVrel
1
Vrel att = 0 and
n >i + m2
~~»vo Rest
at K
Ex . t= pj | ]
~~~ ooo
jnhj
Velocity of CM at maximum compression ( a#WcR '?T qg)= mivo + m9 x 0 _ n Vp
mi + ni2 rrij + m2
Velocity of each block maximum compression v = v2 = v
at n ,
Vo _
m
rr>i + m2
Maximum compression produced in spring

=x =
=
(J gg
| |
1
1 ALLEN
»» *
CAWEE IOTTTlfT
iMotion of Two 6ody system (on smooth surface

PHYSICS GUTKA
no external force)
Given > initially system at rest
s (displacement -
Ask Question on ! ~* v (velocity - ) -\
E
a (acceleration -
-
Key concept > conservation of linear momentum ( T&TTTTC8FI '3n 1wO
motion start <Mdl % > first body *Tt recoiled (TrftrfSRT eldl %) > second body
-
Let
Xj -> of first body ground respect X 2 -> of second body ground respect
Xre, > of first body w.r.t. second body

M2 1- - [ Mj ] -
then tMj + MzJ Xrel
M1 + M2 J XreP X2
(WEST)
Ex .
- ve dir 4 >c = < (EAST)
+ve dir
First body
(mass = m,) [Smooth
XWN.WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWVv xVx'WVvW
Displacement for first body = ( mi + mrf Displacement for second body =
System of Panic fes

Total kinetic energy of a system of n particles is equal to sum /
of KE of all particles. K = m, vf
/
Let vc = velocity of centre of mass (CM) then
v, = vic + vc > K =
= |
2 m,|vic + vc| =
2 2
mlvl|
+ £ rn ) vc + Zm lC c
1
' '
Since sum of mass moments ( s HM of all particles w. r.t. CM is zero so m|Vlc =0
=> KJ = K ' + 2 VC Where K = sum of KEs of particles w.r.t. centre of mass.
KE of a system of particles = KE of the system w.r.t. CM + KE of CM

A b s o I u 1 e = ( R e 1 at l v e ) + Reference)
Ex. Find the KE of system of two particles of masses nij and m having velocities
2 vx and v2 relative to the
CM of the system.
Sol . KE of the system w.r.t. centre of mass :
|
K = K - MV C2 where vc = |, |
, M = mi + m 2 & K = m v? + m 2 v*
•
•
At

F
Ex. Triangular lamina (f pTHFR moment of inertia

C TSTer sn jf ) respect 3 maximum #1T I
-
axis
(a) AB (b) AC (c) BC

Sol . questions side pass axis respect 3 mass distribution ( v fHH
t f PET IAB maximum qiTTq IAB > IAc > *BC
ITI Note : *
%
.
eft
circular path m 1.5 revolutions complete (1.5
Ex. particle 3m
angutar displacement qq tm ?
* '
1 5 x 2nr
1.5
Sol . Angular displacement («= 1 u f l f q i i m) = = 37i radian
Ex. Vector cT*JT scalar quantities I
1. Instantaneous angular velocity 2. Average angular velocity
3. Instantaneous angular acceleration 4.Average angular accelration
Sol. 1. ffl = => vector 2. < to >= => scalar 3. a = => vector 4. < a >= => vector
Conservation of Linear andAngular Momentum
IInd law : _ -dp
Linear momentum : p = mv Newton's Fext =
<m- 7lftT (Translational motion)
-* TRSFr (Linear momentum conservation) [F = 0 =» p = constant
For single particle conservation of linear momentum is equivalent to Newton's first law.
qrq facbiq [fqq*f 2 2 qq q $rq fwi * tl [for
qq
a system of particles, the conservation of linear momentum is equivalent to Newton's IIIrd law]
-> Newton Ist law [ p = constant] qfc specify q) 3TN Newton s IIIrd law 1 1
w - 7 jfa -qf (Rotational motion)

-» eh> n RTSjq (Angular momentum conservation) |icext = Q => L = constant
Impulse - Momentum theorem (Mq 3 - rpfr ) [Impulse Change in momenta
JF dt = mvf - mv . Note : Impulse -> A vector quantity ;

=
I = [Fdt => F = dt
F
?
AP,
-t
Ex. l or Ex. 2
I
-M

PHYSICS GUTKA
< ... jufi v

(Pure Rotting
On rough surface at point of contact rigid body must relative rest w. . . to surface.
rt
(a) Pure rolling on a stationary ground (or Base)
:M .
.&) . - 0 v
y
Condition of rolling
at point x net v„= vy
iiillliiill / llui 'litliulliiiiiiiiiilltillililllilliiillilliil V
7 >i:
IllllllllllilllilllillililUliflilltlllllllllUllilllllll
Vx Vy Vcm - R 0 =* Vcnr coR - '
$
'
(b) PQre rolling on a moving base 1 U'* '
® ID -ID
______ _
MflSmwfimmmmmUmBRfa
vx " vv Vem wR
- vb
.* v
at point x => v, = vcnl - w R
at point y => v = vb„
1 .
(c) Pure rolling on an inclined plane .C friction
the contact point is at rest relative to plane.

aIUAVS up
vn = 0 p
* Component of acceleration of P parallel to the plane =0
0
. Vk
I 4
• • Accleration of P, 1 to plane aPi «= tozr toward C.
Distance moved by the CM of the rigid body in one full rotation is 2nR (or horizontal distance moved by
any point situated on circumference in one full rotation = 2nR)
in forward slipping S > 2JIR ( y vcm>a)R ] In backward slipping S < 2nR
[ y v <a»R] (S - distance moved by CM in one rotation)
The path of a point on circumference is a cycloid & the distance moved by this point in one full rotation is 8R.
Cycloid( sF T )
A
nr TYUUTYYUYVUTT
2«iR
Dotted line -* path of a point on circumference : Length of path » 8R
Ex. 3TTC translational motion 'FT Tin f , oFI rough surface RT T5T5 ftr) f cfl
body time R?
pure rolling tFI condition ft 3TI Wi 11 "3 time 3TI calculate 'Fifat* I TR time ft frictional force SRI faft
to
RTl work «Ft ft calculate 'Flfjw l
'
Sol. v « v0 at ]
© <= 0 + ot
-
fH Ma, fH nMg
fK lu Mkz(i => I
-- -
-
MaUr / k*)
vo
(
mrfirmrTrmm
V
Rough Surface v - <oR
Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in J

PHYSICS GUTKA
by Work - Energy Theorem y» tF) AKE=W
{Note : F f W TTHt forces m form FFT work t} motion t %
Fricton
"
3 t retard F»TFT
k2
Wf = KEf - KEj =|
- MV 2 1+ 2 j |MVQ |MVQ
- = where X
V FFFiiF
FTt motion F Fff t
Ft start FiTFF
For pure rolling vcm vo
M9
Ex . STFTqm body Ft Ffa?j rotational motion FiTT tf , Fit rough surface FT t5tF t Ft time FIF FF pure
rolling Fit condition 3 3TT *M\ 11 3F time Fit calculate FTtfojirI 0 _ _ M
Sol . v = 0 + at
fR = Ma fR = pMg => or to
-> v
> t:
7 yffl = IT77i?
to = to 0 - at ng| i + '
fR = la = MK2a ¥ /// /////// //// //////// //

Rough Surface v = tor
Fafse (Bafance Questions
Ex : A false balance has equal arms. An object weights Wx when placed in one pan and W2 when placed
in the other pan. Then the weight (actual) of the object is W
Wt + W2
2
a >|< a >
I K -
' iAi VTC
AS,
A
s
2
} equal armT
(Weight of scale pan)
object Fit F# Felt (pan) t Wt FT (W + Sx)a = (Wx + S2)a =>- Wx = S2 - Sx W

object Fit <£til Felt (pan) t «9 FT W2 - W = S2 - Sx
(W2 + Sx)a = (W + S2)a >
=
W - Wx = W2 - W => w = M
Ex. A false balance is such that the beams remains horizontal when the pans are empty. An object weight
Wj when placed in one pan and W2 when placed in the other pan. then the weight (actual) of the object
is W = 7WIW2 (Assume weightless pans)
0bject 3 TFFt FT Wjb = Wa

|, unequal arrfts ] ( pan)
r g 1 object Fit |( pan) t Wt FT W a = Wb

FTT
2
/\ /\ W 2 = WjW2 => W = N W1 W2 /
Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in j

mm:
gf
|
moon
CARfJBWSTtTUTf
t*
_= EE PHYSICS GUTKA
-
/ - v;
jotting 9/lotion on Inc fined (Vfane
- " "
' '
7
w ' .
Inclined Plane dvl ) RoUing Motion Mw, Calculation

mgsinO - fR = ma m (linear motion )(
1 S’
f R R = la = mK2a (Rotational motion ) Cylinder di Rn pmin = 3 tan 0
for pure rolling a = aR
tan 0
fR < pN or fR < p mg cos0 => pmin - Solid sphere pmin = ytan 0
1+
r2
l i?J
(Special Point Smooth inclined plane pure rolling motion impossible % I )
Questions (Relatedwith Water LeveCs
> Constant velocity

or at rest Acceleration
( nW'l )
Smooth !?- -?1
Slab
= F Slab >F
/777777777777777777777777777777777777/777
(External force) (External force)

No change in Liquid level rises in No change in Liquid level rises
water level backward water level in
portion of beaker [Because in Horizontal backward
(Due to inertia of rest water direction the interaction force
level will rise in backward between beaker & slab
portion of beaker) is a absent]
Ex. We? HIJ ' ji'WM TR incbal /
Moving train Kota

Station
Water level = ?
JE
Ans. Liquid level rises in forward portion of beaker ( Note : Here train will retard )
3 CO Air bubble
/
Ex. tUbe filled With Water Here P < < > Pwaler & Pair bubble < Pwater
*
Metal ball
Metal ball moves away from the axis &. air bubble moves towards the axis ( fpfl Air bubble tHl )
air bubble Metal Ball

B «- Q mm 2r B « - - mo r(
2 Here B = Bouyant ( dcmidd) force = vpwaterg)
/ 90
r "*
Ex . Situation I constant velocity Acceleration
or at rest situation ( rufta 3TFt rri aitr )

1
PHYSICS GUTKA
Hydraulics Level Questions : I

I
melt f water level effect
(1) Floating ice cube in water (
Result of water level
ice cube 3
No change (->)
(a) Air Bubble
No change (->)
Floating piece (Exa. -* cork, plastic, Rubber etc.
(b) )
decreases (4)
(c) Sinking piece (Exa. » metal piece, stone etc.)
melt W t -> [pL (density of liquid)]
(2) Liquids cRdTfsn ice cube
Result of liquid level
No change (->)
(a) pL = pw (Liquid , TTFfT 1)
MRt # Increases (t)
'TRI (Hg))
"
(b) PL > Pw (Liquid ,
(c) 3 pL < pw (Liquid ,
"
Mid ) cr«hi it decreases [i )
(kerosene and oils etc.)
.
CriticalVelocity dC Reynold Num6er (
Critical velocity RT liquid flow streamline ( Wt? ) it turbulent ( y,HWK ) it TTdT % I
NR » Reynold number (Dimensionless)

NRH
VC pD q > Coefficient of viscosity
p > Density of liquid
D » Diameter of the tube
If 0 < NR < 1000' > flow of liquid streamline or laminar
If NR > 2000 » flow of liquid -> turbulent
If 1000 < NR < 2000 > flow of liquid is unstable, changing from stream line to turbulent.
Ex : Find the increase in its length due to its own weight 010
wr ct, Hui ewrf tWft )
Area of
( cross m l
Sol. Weight of x length = *
N w _, . section A -
Elongation in section dx = d £ = 7
- S_ j
xdx
AY UAY )
=> M - JfcU = Jo XJ AY 7
±
l
2AY
3TcI: W3 weight if
_ JIL9£

ALL EH PHYSICS GUTKA
Sitnpfe Harmonic Motion (SHM )

Time period of a simple pendulum
.Vs
T = 2n; r i«R If i is large then 2n j (1+ R 4
"
_
£ > oo T - 2n I
V9
= 84.6 minutes
fl TJ
Ex. Spring Mass System
k 1 m
vvvw [~ ]
Ex. mj s Hh citdl spring T = 2n

1 KJ K
(Wf Tt mass m y
Ex. Extension in spring ffeFT Ra N) = y
cT) F = ky f[ displace 'Mtl f )

=> Restoring force k
Tv
=*
d 2y
= - ky = > T = 2 (vT - ) [F -> Tension]
Ex. Extension in spring = y/2

k
2F Iy /2
'R mass m «F?t
" 3TK displace
Tension in spring = ky/2 RT spring y/2 displace sltil %)

v Acceleration x tension = constant
= (y) y = ( 4) y
=> Restoring force F | - F
V
=> displacement x tension = const
spring 3 displacement y/2 FFTI
=> T = 2n\l ( k / 4) 2?t

/ k
constant]
Ex. Extension in spring = 2y [Extension x tension =
F
=> F = k(2y)
=> Restoring force
2F = 2[k( 2y)] = (4k)y
2F
m
T" 2 n
14k

PHYSICS GUTKA
Two particles are in S.H.M. with the same amplitude and frequency along the same line and about the same
point. If the maximum separation between them is
3 times of their amplitude, what is the phase difference
between them ?$ tnTFT 3M R W1 TTRT&t WW i WsrjfelM StRiTijfg
/3 sennit ?HtT
Ans . ~ ; Use |xx - x 2| = 2a |

sin
Ex. Find the displacement equation of the simple harmonic motion obtained by combining the motions
Pi nnRaci -nlM <st -?rgsRT $ wa wi swti ifir FT w
Xj = 6 sin at, x2 = 4 sin ®
*+ and x3 = 6 sin ®1 + gj
Ans. (4 + 6 \/3) s n c t +
' ( j Hint : First combine x, & x3 C
r
A
0.
Ex. simple pendulum 7 angular amplitude 4T harmonic motion T
1
2
T - mg cos0 = y- = mac mg
pgQ B v
mg sin 0 = ma ,
Energy conservation law Tt mv 2 = mgr cos 0 => = 2gcos 0 c A

r
=> ac = 2gcos 0 ; at = gsinG aj
3,0« ,
,*
30
atotai = Vac + af = gV4 cos20 + sin 20 = gVl + 3cos20

1
B
angle tan 3 total acceleration
horizontal 3sinQcos0 J I direction TR) I
atotal > T horizontal angle 0° si ' ll 3cos20 - 1 = 0 3R: cos 0 = -j=

Ex. The coefficient of friction between the two blocks shown in the figure is p and the horizontal plane is smooth.
3 =dT=hl
< p t TR fi
(i) If the system is displaced slightly towards right or left and then released , find the time period of oscillation.
qfe Pl =hN 1 <ti 41 4l5T TJT fq lfnd <lci 1 Tf STToRfqiTcl 5M * |
(ii) Find the frictional force between the blocks when the displacement from mean position is x.
-3R -RT T ftsrftr 3 x ft?TT t, 1
(iii) What can be the maximum amplitude so that the upper block does not slip relative to
the lower
block? srfawr 37T4TF facRT cTTf T TPlST ?
mkx p ( M + m )g Basic approach
Ans. (i) 2n ® M+m (iii)
k
fr = ma H
mkx fr < pmg k
(ii) FBD of m : ma = OioOiRT M
+m m < pmg
mkxmay p (M + m ) g
0 ) ofm : m9 >= xmax = - - s
-R
«- If a rigid body rolls without slipping on the inside of a fixed r
fixed fixed
hemisphere of radius R .
I 7 KT
2n ( R r ) 1 +
Any where
Time period of oscillatory motion T= [ r2 j Only Translational motion Pure rollin

(R - r)

:
If
ill
md
m (Pfiasor Method : presentation of SJfM 6y (Phasor
(ONLY FOR IIT-JEE)
a simple harmonic motion with constant
If a particle moves on a circular path of radius equal to amplitude of , its projection on any of its diameter
motion
angular velocity equal to angular frequency of the simple harmonic
kinematically represents a simple harmonic motion.
in the SHM.
« Projection of the radius vector on a diameter represents position
represents velocity vector in the SHM .
Projection of velocity vector of the particle on the same diameter
vector in SHM.
Projection of acceleration vector of the particle in represents aceleration
y =-A
Ex. particle amplitude ( 3TRTTR )A cT«n time period ( 3tiqn =tiiei ) T SHM efR T?T % l f RTT instant ( ) PR
mean position Rtf A/2 distance R / Idl % cTl T T ifETT % I 1RT R*ifd TR Kl fa> d f time -
"
TT3TT I fR RRf ReT mean position tfrrie RK cross 3 717 I '
- A-
f A /2 &- Extreme
Sol. Equation Method : K
Mean
position
an
j =
2
position
x = A sinot RT = A sincot => cotx = & ©t2 = = - tx =

r- > t 2 = -~-
Mean position cot, = 7t > to =

= => t, - 1, = 2 - 1 2 = 1 2
2
Phasor Method
P, 3 P2 (RF PF1T
e
t = - _ 7C - 7i / 3 = T
w 2TC / T 2
7t 2n 7t
6 _1
+ + _ 5T
R? P3 7PFT RT TT qj ePTT RiR t = 6 ~
o
) 2n / T 12
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PHYSICS GUTKA
Ex- particles, same mean psoition about same angular
frequency trq amplitude A cT TT 2A RT2
"
straight
lineR SHM instants # opposite direction
Trf?T IF* mean position A /3 distance R f I FT l :s
SHM's phase difference fodKi<) W 'blfoy, I
Sol. 4 +- - sm 1 (|)- sin Q) "1
(Note : fR question FSt method clt 3R5F %)

Ex. obstacle % lit block, amplitude 4 cm time period
6s SHM 'Mcll %I obstacle «fft 3sfoifci «<rifo time
period foci'll #TT ?
tMOOttoIAW I
[\\u\H\uu\ \\ \\ tt\ ttw\umu\ \lwWuW\uWU\\ \ \ummuu\\
Sol. Equation Method : HMi SHM equation x=Asincot t eft
T
2 = 4 sincot =s> t = => t = particle mean position obstacle
mean position + = time HJ1MI 1 New time period = + = = = x 6 = 4s
New time period

Phasor Method :
i
to
- )|
Mf i 2*
2T
3 ' = 4s
Ex. particles A B 4l parallel straight lines R 40s 60s
time period SHM I 20s phase difference
foci'll gPiT I
'
Sol. |
c > = <DAt - o)Bt = |(20) -|(20) = 7t - y =|
Ex . particle, amplitude 4m time period 8s 3 SHM TF tl 4
particle foRtt time interval 2s 3 foci'll maximum ct «TT foci ll
' minimum
distance eT R4uil % I
Sol . Distance = Average speed x time cl IT average speed, mean position
*
3TRT-4TC? 3rf RF extreme position SlPT-RTFi
* |
max = 2Acos 450- = 2 x 4 x

JL = 4 >/2im
dmln = 2(A ~ cos 45°) = 2 x 'l l - JLj = (8 - 4 >/2) m
44

HI
'
ggSTSSIg PHYSICS GUTKA?
II (DoppCer's Effect in sound

(
P s > Vc WV v O
source ' '
Sound
wave
0
observer ( w )
W n' = observed freq.

speed of sound wave w.r.t observer _ v + v0 _
f v + Vp
n
observed wavelength f v - vs| V v - J vs
n
Rule : qfe source, observer move d> <dl % [Observer motion qft rKH> tPT (ft (v - vj Sill II cfSTT
case 3 (v + vs) Str TT I qfc observer, source qft cPTF move <+> <dl % [Source
"
motion q> t tWi
KqpT TTcT t] rTt (v + v ) SiT TT cT«IT
0 case (v v0) 31T%TT I -
« - source observer q?) TTTO move % cTt X decrease itdT % cT«TT
"
Tdl source observer I TTcTT t, cTl
X increase itdT % 3?R source stationary % eft X. change dlff "
TT I
s•
Ex. > 30 m/s Om/s n = ( |
|
| 5 ) xl 200 = 1080Hz
n= 1200Hz n* =?
S , n n
/ 33 - 3 '\ n
Ex. • > 60 m/s ¥ » 30 m/s n ' = - Q _
33 [ J x 1200 = 1333.33 Hz
n= 1200Hz n =?
Ex. 30 m/s < • 60 m

* nll ) xlZ00 = 900Hz
n= 1200Hz n =?
_0
U30 - P
+
Ex . • > 30 m/s 60 m/s n' = x 1200 = 1560 Hz
30 J
n = 1200Hz n' m?
Effect of wind (medium) velocity (vm)
- qri
medium (wind), sound propagation
use dR I
direction move % eft sound velocity v qft '16 (v+vm )
» qfit wind , sound propagation opposite direction 3 move Wl Ttf ) % eft sound velocity v SPTF (v - vm)
'
q> I use wt I
Sound 9 doppler
"
d*tT light "*} Doppler effect symmetric ( tiHpid ) BtcTf
"
tl
?
r is

PHYSICS GUTKA
( PoyyCer's Effect in Light
)
(only two cases are possible
Case II
Case I
O (observer) S ( light
O (observer) S ( light
source ) source )
V
v
" (l/l vTcj n +

" n =
Violet shift Red shift
Characteristics of MusicalSoumf
( or Human Voice)
Loudness or intensity : mainly amplitude TR depend RtTT f |
'
( yidtll cftstdl )
Pitch => Frequency
Pitch ( <TRr3 ) : sound wave ft frequency m depend
Quality
=
Wave form
Loudness => Intensity (or AmpHtude)
Quality or timbre : sound wave 3 harmonics (overtones) presence R depend 3RcTT11
(
Reflectionand Transmission of Waves
(Rigid + flexible)
/\ (heavier suing) heavier 3

( . f Toncir n
Tension
(lighter string) l \ mass per unit lengthJ tl
reflected wave invert sPPft I
"
(lighter string)
(heavier string) if vwaue #ft I

3 :
'
reflected wave invert frrft I
Rule wave ftft region ft enter fRtft t wave ve|ocitu I A
ucue atftra wave velocity

wave region |, (it reflected,
reMeC ed Wa«
refleded wave inuert j
M 11 Transmitted wave S # fl
tftrft ,I
Ttft rfcft
'ft invert 'mS
1
Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in i

if?
& ALLEN CAREER XSTiTlITE PHYSICS GUTKA
Ex. / NT
H 2m -
'
f TJRK wall d < 4> 1 m /sec . i) move Iff % string shape 2 5 second draw I
Sol.
- 3m -
After 2 second i After 5 second i
8 i
Ex. Draw the curve traces by a particle when it is influenced simultaneously by two SHMs x = 3a sinrnt and y = a
coscot. [3*w3"qscfcBt g p -
TR T*J WT spftf x =3asincot <T*n y = acoscot WT T?t 11]
y
2 2
Sol. Eliminating 't' from x & y we get + y = 1 (ellipse) A
For direction put cot = 0 => x = 0, y = a (Point A) B
Put cot = 7 => x = 3a , y = 0 (point B)

Ex. 1$ red light signal - greencl tjls'ii I (Given : XR = 6300A, XG = 5400A)
c . , v l1 ~ v / c ri - v / cV / 2 ~ 5400 = 6 1- v / c 36 v 13
So
Yi + v / c • ll + v / cJ 6300 7 1 + v / c - 49 .c
~
85
39
= > v «* -ooz- x m/sec « 0.458 xlO8 m/sec.
Ex. Frequency ratio for different systems
String Rod Organ Pipes
N G A
N
A
Tied between ends Clamped at both ends Open organ pipe

1: 2 : 3 1:2:3 1: 2:3
(all harmonics) (all harmonics) (all harmonics)
§
5 I
N -A N A
A
Tied at one end Clamped at one end Closed organ pipe
1:3: 5 1: 3:5 1 : 3: 5
(Only odd harmonics) (Only odd harmonics) (Only odd harmonics)
Rod Rod
1: 2:3 1: 3:5
A A « A
A N
Free at both ends clamped at mid point
i3S§ Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

PHYSICS GUTKA
The repetition of the sound produced due to reflection by a distance extended surface like a cliff , hill , wall, building
etc. is called an echo. (3?d dSTSf , dtdRf d Htiqdd FTRUT tdfd dft viPdtqPi d cucfl % l)
Note: Human Ear (RRd ddd) d* sound dTT effect sec. TjRT tl dfd sound sec. $ dR? TRq 3 reflect
#fR 3TI ddt d echo I
-
« Echo dd Tjdl 3cft|dd obstacle (dfaR , nfd) dft distance 17 4k <. (56 ft.) $
3 Kl I
v » 340 m/sec t = J~ x
••
• **
1
10 170
x
= > x > 17 dta
f- 1
Ex : >1+ STIdd) 700 Hi it dft distance Rt fTdd dt parallel cliffs (RdTfedf ) di 41d ?tdR rifle 7) fire ct> <cll 1? I
fRdit H$dl echo IV2 second cf «TT TRl echo 2V2 second dTd dt %, dt sound df ) velocity ddT sl'fl ?
dd person df ) M $ifs 4l Tf distances ddT T dl ?
Sol : dt echo dfd% 3 RRT time = 1.5+ 2.5=4 sec. 52
C ,
2 /2 sec 11 sec
CliH 1
?R 4 seconds sound 700 x 2 = 1400 meter |C ,

d>1 distance travel dRcft % -(700-d )-
•
-d -
-700m-
3Td: 1400 = 4 x v. => VSOund=350 m/ seC .
Cliff 1 7) person d>t distance ( 2 ) = 350 x 43 !

= 350 x 262.5 m
Cliff 2 7) person df ) distance = 350 x { Tr ) = 350 x ~ 437.5 m

I
Ex : d) parallel cliffs dtd TddT ddT person gun Tl ddT fire dRdl 11 dd Is1 echo 2 second ddl IInd echo 5 second
did TJddI t dtdt dfdfedt # dtd distance fdddT fldt (velocity of sound in air is 350 m./sec.)
Sol : 2D distance travel dTFf cRTT time = 2+5=7 second a 5sec a
*
=> D= (350) |
x =1225 m.
Sound wave dft Intensity (tftddl)
W wave dRI transported (TdTdRffcl) power per unit area ifcfl %| (unit -> watt mz)
* -D -
- Decrease of intensity of sound wave with distance (*dfd dff cflddT 7

/
I2 = Ii *dfd Tdtrf dTt point source RPRf dt 1 QC -i- j
-
*
-
Minimum intensity fdddfl Human ear TJd TfdRT %
> 2.5 x 10~12 dlH/dfer2 ( « 4dB)
There is no upper limit for the audible intensity of sound , howerver
1 W/m2 ( » 120 dB) produces a painful sensation in the ear.
-
an intensity above
i
dl tdfd cftdcTl d d mtl TTtdT d# f d?7fd 120dB dft *dfd dddf 3 d diR) 3» |l)

PHYSICS GUTKA
LH , '
«- Intensity level of sound ( Decibel )
Ife;. '
(Intensity level In dB)
- 10 x (o Txlo
" 2'
WAn 2 ) Intensity level = lOlog
Sound Intensity (W /m2) Intensity level (dB )
m Loudest noise achieved in Laboratory
•
•
Repture of eardrum
Threshold of pain
Normal conversation
103
104
1
IQ~6
210
160
120
60
Threshold of hearing 2.5 xlO 12 ' 4
Ex. person 4 iffeT distance 4170 dB sound produce c+-» < dl % I 3T t g Ff leiy, threshold
sound level Xdt Rft TcR) 10 dB 14144 34 4) 3Tf 44RT4 ( maximum) distance T\Wi 444#
StT
"
%?
2
-
V
Sol. 70 = lOlogi- => I, = 107I
*0
0 , 10 = 101og -*j W 1, - 101, wry *. I, !* 10I„ - ioy(£
=> x 2
- 106 x 42 000m = 4 Km .
x = 103 x 4 = 4000
The speed of sound in air (4F[ Rf # 4T40 v = T~ => 1- 4
m Ex.
At STP (0°C, latm) : air pressure = P = 1.013 x 105 N/m2
air density = p , v = 330 m /sec.
Three tuning forks of frequencies 200, 203 and 207 Hzare sounded together. Find out the beat frequency.
2
AM.
I 3
, 200
rJ
Vi
03 2 7
4/°
D|v|de j seCond
into 3, 4 or 7 .
1 2 3 X / equal divisions
4 4 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 fl ) Ans.12
7 7 7 7 7 7. \7 )
Eliminate common time instants. Total Maxima in one second 3 + 3 + 6 = 12
Ex.
120 km/hr vs
300m C
Railway track
B'v e
' 400m
v = speed of sound in
air = 340 m/sec.
n«640 Hz j A Person
A 4* 3444t 4# train horn 4# frequency 44T #4t 44 train 44 engine B 41 horn «HldT t?
Sol . n' - v_v CQSOJN * velocity = vscosO = jl 20 x jxcos 0 = 120 x x = 20 m/sec .
340
=> n' 340 - 20 x 640 = 680 Hz.
M Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

1
i
PHYSICS GUTKA
i
TfiermaC Physics (
"* Gaseous Mixer fiT T T)
niCy, + n 2CVg niCPl + n2Cp nx |

•
. . >
Cv = nx + n2 CPmi«
x\i + n2
2
moles of moles 0f
gas A . gas B
T
-
In general
nlCp1 + n 2CPg
,
n CVi + n 2CVj
a±£k±ill1±
Vmix -
;
Note:
= Yl -1 L + _J
.
-+
o
Y2 1 Y 3
_IIi_
- +
Gaseous mixture of
gases A & B
- - Latent Heat ( T**Hl)

f-'lceto water
— 80 Cell / 2 , f-Water to vapor 540 Cal / g
-
Suppose you have an ice at 6°C and you want to convert it into steam at 100°C then,
3TPT 100°C f)
_go Q SlA8 Qo Q -
m tce to water
Q0 Q msgAB
QQo C Water to vapour
QQo C
Ice tempT temp=constant tempT
Ice Water Water « p= nstant
'" ° Steam
Water + Steam
10a
It can also be shown graphically TTFF 3 f)

-6 vjce Ice+water
Black Body Radiation (frffevr T J
*• fqf vr)
E.
Experimental ,
(Planck) {
\ Rayleigh Jeans law
x
•
•
Vander Waal 's Equation of state
(P \ )+ <v - b) = RT (for 1 mole]
(p +
i Fj (
Here b = 4 NVm
Critical Constants :
H- RT
Vc =
[ P + Fj (V - Mb) = pRT [for p mole]
or
N -> Number of molecules,
3b, Tc =
Vm -> Volume of one molecule
~,
Actual gas behaves as ideal gas most closely at low pressure & high temperature
Pc = |R
I
1
;
|Low density].

• •
mi
ALIEN PHYSICS GUTKA
-
Ex. Same quantity ( HHM Hl l ) He 02 °Ft same heat supply Weft % eft:-
(a) He WT temperature increase ifftTT I (b) 02 WT temperature
"
[T increase tftHT I
(c) He 02 RrUi, temperature ft increase same tfftTT I "
Sol. (a) v AU = pCvAT & Q = W + AU pTHT W = 0 => Q = AU]
AT %TT C HFR
'
ifaT I C (for He) = R , Cjfor Oz)|
= R
ti
Note %ft wt TFfH WW (same quantity) eft ift eft "

<JH 4I Hleri) TR TT HH et I
2P0t
Ex. 1 mole monoatomic ideal gas %tj; path B
m? A -> B feTTspecific heat (f % "

S RI) calculate chlf Ut, I
• Vri .
P
Sol . Specific heat - 7 ! TB - 4T« |vl»,V, - RTA ; (2P„) (2V0) - RTJ "
W „ - . \ -§ - §RTA
P V0 x P0V0 P0V0 ( v PV = pRT ) V0 2V0
4U« - - Ts - | TA - | - RTA
) 1x R(4 T)
&
=> Q - UAB - RTA RTA - RTA
W + 4
3
2
+
9
2
6 Specific heat - -6Jjr
RTA- R
OR For polytropic process ytn> Ml ) : PV*constant : C Cv +

=
R
-
.
. , .. ua. u««' i
R
> « s iciw ti
3 R
-
Here P « V so PV 1 = constant '
x= - _
1. Therefore C = Cv + Y( i) = 2 R + ~2 = 2R
Ex. 5g of steam at 100°C is mixed with 10 g of ice at 0°C. Choose correct alternative/s)
(Given swater = 1 cal/g°C, Lp = 80 cal/g , = 540 cal/g)
(A) Equilibrium temperature of mixture is 160°C (B) Equilibrium temperature of mixture is 100°C
1 2
(C) At equilibrium , mixture contain 13 g of water ( D) At equilibrium , mixture contain 1 g of steam
800 + 1000 10
Required heat Available heat Mass of heat condensed
Sol. 540 33
10 g ice (0° C) 5 g steam (100° C)
10 40 10 1
| 800 cal '
| 2700 cal Total mass of water = 10+ - g- = g = 13 3 g , '
10 g water (0° C) 5 g water (100°C)

| 1000 cal 10 5
Total mass of steam = 5 - g = 3 - 2
10 g water (100°) g - 1 g9
So available heat is more than required heat Ans. B , C, D
therefore final temperature will be 100°C.
Ex. At very low temperature the heat capacity (Tt+n tnftcn ) Qf crystals is given by C = aT3 where a is constant . In
this temperature range calculate entropy S of a crystal as a function of temperature T.
_
Ans. YdS
A Jc
- dQ
=c
>S JfdQ
-f - fCdT Jf aT3dT = Jal
J r dT
aT3-
3

PHYSICS GUTKA
© Question Solving Technique ui
< Physics > ©

Learning physics is similar to learning swimming- you have to learn by doing. You could read a book on swimming
and memorize every word in it , but when you jump into a pool the first time you are going to have problems.
Similarly, you could read a Physics book carefully , memorizing every formula in it , but when you finish , you still
haven t learnt Physics. To learn Physics you have to go beyond passive reading; you have to interact with Physics
and experience it by doing questions.
To develop a systematic approach in solving Physics questions, you should follow the following steps .
(E] Step I : Read the question carefully
Before you can solve a question you need to know exactly what information it gives and what it
asks you to determine. Some information is given explicitly, as when a question states that a
body has a speed of 5 ms-1. Other information is implicit, for example, saying that a ball is
dropped from rest means its initial speed is zero. Some informations are hidden informations
such as the block leaves the contact that means normal force N=0 at that time. You should
search for missing important links which are "intermediate quantities" required for solving the
questions but are neither given nor asked. These are links between known and unknown
quantities.
~
F 1 Step II : Sketch the system
A sketch helps you to acquire a physical feeling for the system.
H Step III : Visualize the Physical Process
Try to visualize what is happening in the system as if you were watching it in a movie. Your
sketch should help.
[~~| Step IV : Strategize
This may be the most difficult , but at the same time the most creative , part of the question
solving process. From your sketch and visualization , try to identify the physical processes at
work in the system. Then , develop a strategy- a game plan- for solving the question.
f~1 Step V : Identify appropriate equations
Once a strategy has been developed, find the specific equations that are needed to carry it out.
PI Step VI : Solve the equations
Use basic maths to solve the equations identified in the previous step.
i I Step VII : Check your answer
Once you have an answer, check to see if it makes sense:
(a) Does it has correct dimensions?
(b) Is the numerical value reasonable?
EH Step VIII : Explore Limits / Special Cases

You can learn a lot of Physics by checking various limits of your
answer. For example, if you
have two masses in your system of colliding bodies m , and
m 2 , you have to see what happens
in the special case when m, = 0 or m m or
1»> m 2? Check to see whether your answer
] = 2 m ;
and physical intuition agree.

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PHYSICS GUTKA
speed v0 at the bob of a pendulum. The bob has j
Ex.1 In a ballistic pendulum, an object of mass m is fired with an initial
a mass M, and is suspended by a rod of negligible mass. After the
collision, the object and the bob stick together and r
height h in terms of m, M, v0 and g. (ballistic)
swing through an arc, eventually gaining a height h. Find the
% l m, M, v0 ctzn g h Ttra «t1

> PsiHI )
Sketch the System (PfSFFT UT Alltel )
Initially only the object of mass m is moving with a speed v0 in the

positive x-direction. Immediately after the 1
is determined by momentum conservation.
collision, the bob and object move together with a new speed v„which
decreases to zero and it comes to rest at
Finally the pendulum continues to swing to the right untill its speed
1 dctctl <
the height h. ( m 3°44Filit Hg x-ffoll 3 v0 W 3
"3
eild 3%T Styiai % R rrafastfs)
iinl %)
* ci imK
'
did k 4) <
* lift % TfSTT h <£ 41$ Tl It; RKIHI4 **IT
\\ \\\\\\\ \\
- v= 0
m
>v0 E
\
&* v.
lllUllllUllUlllui
Strategy (Set 3 UT d <l4>i )

There is a completely inelastic collision between the bob and object. Momentum is conserved during this
collision, but kinetic energy is not. After the collision, the remaining kinetic energy is converted into gravitational
potential energy, which determines how high the bob and object will rise, jfM h 111 lig ZJHI '
' *
3iyr4 Hr4 c44 l. % I 1RT
) sltid '3 1
1» <6dl % HC-g ifcR 3wlf Hijt I 144 1
'
) g f, gipcdhl
Raid'd Iwrf HRqtrtn ?) Hcff t, fl lfltcT
* 1 % ft? < J) ci4> 1«IT fqiddl lh 4lj 1 4T g§f[ )
Sol. Linear momentum conservation (}<ata -H

'I ) mv0 = (m+M)v => v = ( -j v0
Kinetic energy just after collision (<t44ii gin "

3 ) K = -(M + mlv* = 1 mv f m
1
Kinetic energy after collision is equal to the gain in =( +M)gh
gravitational potential energy at the height h,
Solve for height h ( h Tl) h • (:mm+ M K2gJ)\
* A ballistic pendulum is often used to measure the speed of a rapidly moving object
such as a bullet .
54 1
i TUHI PHYSICS GUTKA
Ex . Z Two particles of masses mt and m2 are moving on a smooth horizontal plane in opposite direction, collide
.
MRSttgr '
elastically (head on) with velocity u, and u2 . Find their final velocities after collision fa '** ! &f <R Tt fq 'Kld f ?TI -
-
'•
jiffy. u1 3 u2 rTi) 7TfcT3 lT m ] m 2 Sotitii'i

' '
) tjlcitill Sif dH chT ITc? dflfoiii )
i&fe V
K • Sketch the system ( Pw> l *l « nAei «M|$ < 1)
m, m2
« (before collision) rjTIJ rnMmftnTMTnTlTTtM fa, X (after collision) mrmnn ,'
y-
4tsH,
wiiiiiiwiliiiiiiiiiiffllilliiwiwiiiii * x
mi Strategy ( jtcl cul 'tii )

Because there is no external force along the line of impact , the linear momentum of the system must be
conserved. In elastic collision , kinetic energy before collision must be equal to kinetic energy after collision or
by using definition of e = .
approach Speecj we can , solve this question. ( wll <ti
« cfft fel srgf T W
13TO: ftfNd $ RfVcT I Ur RSt ifiR 3Rf , FR W TifcR
gRf ftfVdd RPR #ff qi e f ) qftiRIT e

'
PttFTfFf « < 1 * H'hci 1? l )
Rt ati 1 Ret
Sol. By momentum conservation ( RlPT RSH $ ) m,u 1-m2u 2= m 1v,+m2v2
coefficient of restitution ( ilrtlNWH uli* ) v 2 - v,

e =1 ,
Ui + U
( m, - mA 2m 2 2m, fm, - mA
Solve for vt & v2 (v , v2 # R) V
*= UT ii + m2 /
,
JU 4
mj + m 2
- u2 , v2 =
' l
U + iUj
• Exploration of limits / special case ( tilHlit / faifH fetfirtit)

Case I : mt = m2 then Vj = - u2 , v2 = Uji.e. particles exchange their velocities (arof Rut |
RT HfmRTd )
Case II : mj>» m2 then v2 « Uj , v2 * 2u 2 + u2 Case III : m2 »> m, then v2 * -u 2 , v, » u, - 2u2
Ex.3 A lens produces a real image that is twice as large as the object and is located 15 cm from the lens. Find the focal
-
length of the lens, (bR <rfel =< i t-cif =i =t> yftifaH q iidi % Rt tR faR i)-% TTR i) 15 ihft t%®T?T % l Rt RIR 'H
rim I)
Sketch the system (ftRFT RI iAte) )
15cm
Because the image is real , the lens must be convex , and the object must be outside the focal point .
qqffR yfafaR dltdfclR t, 3RI: fR cIR RtRS 3 RR R) sift #TT I
• Strategy (W Rt'l RT dtlRi )
1 1 1
,
To find f , we have to solve two equations m = -v & -- -= y
-2 => -7.5 cm and 7I = V u == J15 -7.5 _ 15 15 = 5 f = 5 cm

- 1 1 1 _ 1 1+ 2 3 1 ,
Z =
Sol u=
m u=
Check your answer with your intuition. As expected for a convex lens, the focal length is positive.
(3TP) um Rt RRt SRf tq it fR TfRI t, Tf tRrCW t )

r MCQS FOR PRACTISE
Measurements, VnitsardOunenswm $
_,
The dimensions ML T 2 may correspond to (faFT ML
T2
1• '
*)
,
® inear omentum
(1) work done by a force fcjinw WT
** (4) energy per unit volume
(3 f 3ffo WP
(3) pressure foH *£)
2. Choose the correct statement (s) fm?t 0:

(1) All the quantities may be represented dimensionally in terms
of the base quantities.
(TP# Tlfofof foqfa TO if if gf ) *TT TOcft 10
( 2) A base quantity cannot be represented dimensionally in terms of the

rest of the base quantities.
11 )
Pfor 'p TT% mt foqfa TO 3 f
Tifrot '
(3) The dimension of a base quantity in other base quantities is always
zero.
(
( =
TTif?T nfmTi 3T qij?T uR> i 4! tO
(4) The dimension of a derived quantity is never zero in any base quantity.
g?FT Tlftr f f rl Jel TTftl 11)
-The form of the dependence of the lift force per unit wingspan F (wingspan is the total length of the wingsfop
) on
an aircraft of wing span L, moving with a velocity v through air of density p.is (Slfo TO $dM (TO ' , '
TOt fl cf TR 3F*TIWTO F tfo fmTmpFT TOgfi rTOlf L, p TO t <mg $ 3*[gft 7Tfo nvTrcfmfen
' ' '
foRTTO ffol ?)
(1) F = kLvzp (2) F = kv3p (3) F = kLVpz (4) F = kLvp2
( jr In a system of units called the star system we have 1 starkilogram = 1020 kg , 1 starmetre = 108 m,
1 starsecond = 103 second , then in this system 1 joule equals
-
TO H sfri £f
- cTRI TOfo (star system) «=necunl tl 1 TOT form = 1020 form , 1 -qta = 108 m,
1 1 foRmt «RTsrc TiT ?)
- (2) 10-*> starjoule
(1) 10 starjoule . (3) 10 starjoule “
(4) lO starjouk
(1) 18% (2) 6% (3) 3%

(4) 1%
nil . (?) 10s (3) 100s

s
7. The quantity - s0 E2 has dimensional formula same as (
nfor Ie E 2
mrforffo 1
(1) CV2
zCV ( 2) 77 LI 2 /0 , 1 B2
2
i Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

I
I nm
Let C = A + B .
(1)
Vectors and (Rotative Motion
|C| is always greater than |A| . (2) It is possible to have . C <

PHYSICS GUTKA
| | |A| and |c| < |B| .

(3) C is always equal to A + B. (4) C is never equal to A + B.
9. The magnitude of the vector product of two vectors A and B may be i
A B )
(1) greater than AB (2) equal to AB (3) less than AB (4) equal to zero
10. Which of the following group of forces may not accelerate a body ?
q?Hyi
U) 5N , ION, 12N (2) 5N , ION , 16N (3) 8N, ION, 20 N (4) 7 N, 5N, 15N
11 . 12 coplaner forces (all of equal magnitude) maintain a body in equilibrium , then the angle between any two
adjacent forces is(12 SFra#qq?f
qfa qq qjNnjhir
(1) 15° (2) 30° (3) 45° (4) 60° •
12. -
Wind is blowing from the south at 10ms but to a cyclist it appears.to be. blowing
1 frprn the east at lprns-1. The
cyclist has a velocity [Take x and y axes along east and north direction respected] sfa /fr 10 ms-1
10 ms-13 q <rlcil ydld ?tcTttl F R t I TT .Plx 3ffTy 3T «JT t
qqw: q Iqni srjfqqr ffei i])
(D iOi iOj - (2) lOi + ioj (3) -loi + 10] ;; •
-
(4) lOi - iojj
\$C Two particles A and B move with constant velocities vA and vB , Initially their radius vectors are rA and rB .
For the particles to collide the four vectors must be interrelated as (qt A afft B f TcT Tt vA afk ;vB Tf TTfcT
q tf I rA rB 11 TTqftcPm RrKl qI < j q f q#
' q W T #T T T f%T j; ?)
( 2) V A
- VB ?A ~ r B : f
vA vB 1 ?A + % v - W vB - VA
(D V A - V B = 7A - FB I A VBI |?A -%|.- |VA + VB| |rA + rB| |vB - vA| : |rA - rB|
1f s t
14. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock. In one hour
-U :
,
(xrcfrqst qf ) ftrc qirft •gf qft qfqt qft qfq q fqqR qqft f iqqrEp£ ij)
* IV,
(1) the displacement is zero fqWTqq qtqi I )
(2) the distance covered is zero ?KT cPT qft qf I)
V
(3) the average speed is zero sfRTrf Kn qtqt i )
(4) the average velocity is zero att'M sfraq
( WTT i )
15. -
A particle moves along the X-axis as x = u(t 2) + a (t - 2)2 .
(qq7 qrrrr X-37 -
qfh TOT 11% x = u(t 2) + a(t - 2)2 riq)
.»;*
(1) the initial velocity of the particle is u (qnq qq smfrqqi %q u #TT I ) >
(2) the acceleration of the particle is a (qror qq a ihTT I ) -:

f
.
(3) the acceleration of the particle is 2a ( qqq s Ft T
7 2a ?hTT I )
(4) at t = 2 particle is at the origin (t = 2 TT qr #q 1)
16 An object may have (q F qqg ni /qqmt fr 1 )
(1) varying speed without having varying velocity (f FTTqfWHVlltf 3q qt qftqcfaylfa !
(2) varying velocity without having varying speed (fqqi qfiqtRwIvI qiFT qt qlW tvlto -
(4) nonzero acceleration without having varying speed (faqi qftqthrvitel qiel qt 37Vpt rTP r)

PHYSICS GUTKA SIB
17.The velocity of a particle is zero at t = 0 (t F t = 0 41
l)
(1) The acceleration at t = 0 must be zero (t = 0 4 7414 £4 ¥RT
*
(2) The acceleration at t = 0 may be zero (t = 0 'TT H < ut
"
0
(3) If the acceleration is zero from t = 0 to t =10 s, the speed is also zero in this interval
(4fct = O t =10 s
(4) If the speed is zero from t = 0 to t =? 10 s, the acceleration is also zero in this interval
fqfct = OTtt = 10 S, cT t #TTl) v<m/s)
.
18 The velocity-time plot for a particle moving on a straight line is shown in the figure.
1C
(Wi Tf .
tjfr frU| fccsINi 441 t, 4t)
0.
(1) The particle has a constant acceleration (4T4 4JT f TcT 11) 30 t (s)
(2) The particle has never turned around (fr4 Hfrj 4# cfrZctT 11) - 10. .
(3) The particle has zero displacement (4P4 4iT 11) -20-1-
(4) The average speed in the interval 0 to 10s is the same a? the average speed in the interval 10s to 20s.
19.
(ttHfrTUM 0 10s frl afctcT -
Hfr tKlcrl 10s 20s 34i4 4f ) affect 4TeT
Figure shows the position of a particle moving on the X-axis as a function of time.
W4 11)
X-3t?J a lc i ' ifcwilci i cfj cf, u| qO
(1) The particle has come to rest 6 times
qTl 'ncrH fc;<ai -
X (m)
rcHIMN T 3 sm % l )
(t = 6s qt w 3rfb <+ dH .
(2) The maximum speed is at t = 6s
11)
(3) The velocity remains positive for t = 0 to t = 6s
20
10 i
--
(t = Ofet = 6 s 44TTWclT % l) -f- +
(4) The average velocity for the total period shown is negative 2 4 6 t (s)
(ft <9|
l 4f 4TeT 3f *w 3* 1 *4uilrH *> traitl)
| <
20. , The positions of a particle is given by r = acos(cot)i + asin(cot) j + btk where co = and T is time period for
one revolution of the particle following a helical path. The distance moved by the particle in one full turn of
the helix is (fefet 4TJTfrt f fij ? = acosfrat) + asin(cot) j + btk fe 4ctT4T t Tgt (0 = ~ cfqTTfru -
cfl flW
(Helical path) fcfe ijfr HRS I frn fr refold fl ?RI 5# tPT Ft rff ?)
(1)
co
Va2 + b2co 2 ( 2)
CO
-\/a2 o 2 + bz
( (3) -
CO
£2 + bV (4)
CO
VaV + b2
21. A point moves such that its displacement as a function of time is given by x2 = t 2 + 1. Its acceleration at
time t is
< U| y K f|ftl <Mfll tffr a frt 2
t 2
%
* ** X = + 1 RgI IcTI % I Wt 14r<mfr I ITI)
1 t2
m7 121 -7 «> H
<
3) ~
, ? *
22 Two bodies begin to fall freely from the same heigh but the second falls T second
after the first. The time
(after which the first body begins to fall) when the distance between the
bodies equals L is
% SiRWT 414 ) 44 4t4t 4 3Tf "
4fa L ?lcft t ? )
T L
121 2- + -gT <3»
- « T*Sf
'
23 If a particle takes t second less and acquires a velocity of v msr more in falling through the same distance on
A Planets where the accelerations due to gravity are 2g and 8g respectively then (
4 nwui W . 2g 8g % m cW t tos m % ?wi v m/s TO t cH •)
(1) v = 4gt (2) v 5gt
- (3) v 2gt
- (4) v 16gt
-
p! >
11, .muf f PHYSICS GUTKA

the wooden plate is 4 cm
1 24 . A target is made of two plates , one of wood and the other of iron . The thickness of es 1 cm into iron . A
and that of iron plate is 2cm . A bullet fired goes through the wood first and then penetrat
similar bullet fired with the same velocity from opposite directio n goes through iron first and the penetrates 2
6 cm into wood . If aj and a 2 be the retardations offered to the bullet wood by and iron plates respectively then
(RRTWRRt RRi R>t sfft etlrj «HMi JIRi % I dR> sl R »tRjteR >t Mld 4cm qfft 2cm tlRTRlRf
lcm Mi 3KT Rfl# 11 fcHdci ffolT RPft RHfr' R q '
R cftt ftRRicfch 'iifgcm
dR> UCTI % I Rfc Cldisl
' '
5RT 7Ttcfl TI PT
' '
R -vi shHJfi : at 3?R a2 ttfdt :)
(1) at = 2a2 ( 2) a2 = 2a j (3) a, = a2 (4) Data Insufficient
25. * An elevator whose floor to ceiling distance is t is ascending with uniform acceleration a . At some instant
(say t = 0) , a loose bolt drops from its ceiling . The time taken by the bolt to hit floor is
(R3> drRm <*> ( 0,RdddO fdRTRft Viifl %5d fl <*> (. «t» HHH rcKul a R>t 3TR dGcil fRR-lt StJR (t = 0) Rt t R>
«ldl <Hi =bj TSdif Pl <dl % I ftTCI RT icTRT RRT 4t ?)
(1)
rw (2)
[27 (3) (4) Jf
V 9 -a V7
Theforces andNewton's Laws of Motion !)
26. A proton exerts a force on a proton which is (tj t iiUH SRIRRT yldH RT ei ' iNi RRTRcT rfldT I )
(1) gravitational (ipRRtR) (2) electromagnetic dild)
(3) nuclear (dTfRRtfa) (4) weak (5*fa)
27. Mark the correct statements (Rtjf RTRd/RtRdf Rtt faf d RttfaR-) :
(1) The nuclear force between two protons is always greater than the electromagnetic force between them
,
( t RW=rf Sfol 3TfV ?tdl % I )
(2) The electromagnetic force between two protons is always greater than the gravitational force between them
(RtRtSfdf # R*RfRSJd 3HR>lRR , dd R rRlRR R 3TfRRt ?tTITtl)
(3) The gravitational force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force between them
(Rt ykTil R*R TJ CRIR R?T , 3-1 d> R*RRlfRRTtRR?T STfRRt H'tidl % l )
(4) Electromagnetic force between two protons may be greater than the nuclear force acting between them
( t ykTil R f f q d «< ci S'ldi R*R < > i 4<. ci RTfR' 1! RcT
* * ) STfRRTftt Rd> di % l )
28. If all matter were made of electrically neutral particles such as neutrons,
(qfc R T*f , R dld ddIWlH Rddf dt-)
( 1) there would be no force on friction (Riff Ret d# ?tdT 1)
(2) there would be no tension in the string fstft 3 ddTR dtjf fldt I )
(3) it would not be possible to sit on a chair (RtRf RT 3dt RRR d?f ltd
l)
4 ( ) the earth could not move around the sun OjsRt RRt 3RTd?f R Rd> dl l )
29. Action and reaction ( Isndl RRRfdfRtRT)
(1) act on two different objects (dt f'FT R sft R7 Rd4 Rtldf 11)
(2) have equal magnitude (RR RRTd MRMI I ?tdT 11)
(3) have opposite directions (Rtf fasdn ftTTrit ¥Tdt 11)
(4) have resultant zero (RR ?JfR ifdT 11)
30. A reference frame attached to the earth ( «Rt if RRt fd?YT R)
( 1 ) is an inertial frame by definition (RftRFRT R RRt R rRTR TfR 11)
(2) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is revolving around the sun
(T RTRSfRtR TRR dff tRcfun RqffR7 RTR 37R Rft'iRTn RRcft 11)
(3) is an inertial frame because Newton s laws are applicable in this frame
'
(RRt RRSTRIR 3&R % RRHR> RT fdRR TF] 1? l )

(4) cannot be an inertial frame because the earth is rotating about its axis .
(RRt RTSrRfR RTqd f dl RRTdl RdffRT 3FPfl 3R1 dt difrd : Tf"fd RRdl 11)
" gg r 59
PHYSICS GUTKA
31• A particle stays at rest as seen in a frame. Wecan conclu *at
-
(1) the frame is inertial (sfe Jisc4fa % l)
(2) resultant force on the particle is zero
.
(3) if the frame is inertial , then the resultant force on the particle is
(4 TirR WW 414fkfe 4<4 11)
(4) the frame is non inertial there is a nonzero resultant force.
(4ft:4k SRskkt <TtW44? 4
ffefemoving a constant velocity when seen
% 3R S2 T 4TFT 11)
(1) Both the frames may be inertial (4t4 !fe srel4 Fl
(2) Both the frames may be noninertial (Fk sfe '
0
(3) Sj is inertial and S is noninertial (S 4Fc4fa I 3?lT S
, 2
(4) S is noninertial and S„ is inertial (S.
1 2
J
13?R S2 4srql 411 ) , ,
33. If the tension in the cable supporting an elevator is equal to the weight e va or may be
C fe FWTW cffT4 , 3r4T44fe Wfe 4< l 4TFt <Tl, Fc4 N 47 ( yjcldc
!. .))
*
'
'
(1) going up with increasing speed (®TS?ft Tpf Wei 3T4I "4F TFT 6lJH 0
(2) going down with increasing speed
if id T( FtTT TFT 6lJH I)
(3) going up with uniform speed (4WTT4TF wd T <s < l elJll l )
(4) going down with uniform speed (4W WHH WCT T TOT TFT WIT l)
34. A person says that he had measured the acceleration of a particle to be nonzero while no force was acting on
the particle. (44? oqfkl WFFT % fe wt ferft 4?W 4?T c4T4 4T4T k fe 4T, WFfe 4TW 4T 4? 4cT pfTcT 4ft WI)
(1) He is a liar (4FFEBT % i ) (2) His clock might have run slow (3TfeT 4Ft T$ ft l)
(3) His meter scale might have been longer than the standard (3444 4T3T fecT HH 4t Tt FF4T TFT If I )
(4) He might have used non inertial frame (34 ai srqlM 4T44TT Wit1 few Ft l )'
35. The contact force exerted by a body A on another body B is equal to the normal force between the bodies. We
certainly conclude that A SKI ct*gBTII 3ii <l!Hci ®( c i ,
sflu «icT 4> ® ® d Ui K % l 5M PiRr
iff ffeid W'hcl1f 4> )
(1) the surfaces must be frictionless fedt uns ui Tferd t wfw I )
(2) the force of friction between the bodies is zero fedT 4Tg3Tt 4? TO4 wk
(3) the magnitude of normal force equals that of friction (3Tf4W44F Wd
%) ,
WT 4fkm wk <WT W WHt 11)
(4) the bodies may be rough but they don't slip on each other ( 4
36. Mark the correct statements about the friction between two bodies.
(Ff 4*53?!4i 4f4 4*k 4J TW4 4 Tiff 4T*FTT Wf fafecl 45 l)
(1) Static friction is always greater than the kinetic friction (kffe
wk ,
(2) Coefficient of static friction is always greater than the coefficient srfaar 11)
xpk iprfe, MRi =h 4 k 1414? 4 4 Slfq - tcfT of kinetic friction
11)
*,k * ,
(3) Limiting friction is always greater than the kinetic friction
ftforra , rfe %)
(4) Limiting friction is never less than static friction (TTfew wk ,
kfer? *f rt
3
37'
S rdtrS
(1) The graph is a straight line of slope 45° few 45° wk f
(2) The graph is a straight line parallel to the F-axis (WW F-
(3) The graph is a straight line of slope 45° for small F and a
i m
, . ,
sttaiohMhi
(ap F fe 4W 45° W 41# Tm gr M % FW F JL p p a
} 1 G l to the F-axis
foriFlcfl
| eF
'
:
There is a small kink on the graph (wkt 4T ikl w TTTKT? 44RR TT F TO 10|

ten
p- PHYSICS GUTKA
38. Consider a vehicle going on a horizontal road towards east. Neglect any force by the air. The factional force
B on the vehicle by the road
(1) is towards east if the vehicle is accelerating pjdi SET 3?R Wi r?fni % i)
MS& -
p ' :
.
( 2) is zero if the vehicle is accelerating ftp %, qft
(3) must be towards east FR qq 3TTT fPH l )
rqftft % I)
(4) must be towards west (ftfryrf Tt qfiRri qft 3?R "

i)
SSiSEMB
39 . The position vector of a particle in a circular motion about the origin sweeps out equal area in equal time. Its
(1) velocity remains constant ( 1 f RTcI TM11) =

(2) speed remains constant ( Tcl frat wt % I )
(3) acceleration remains constant (r riT f TOT TfcTT % l ) =
(4) tangential acceleration remains constant (TOf T Tf RtcfTFcTlfi )
40 . A car of mass M is moving on a horizontal circular path of radius r. At an instant its speed is v and is increasing
at a rate a.
(M =F> t o R K , r cjnlct K 'cfriTri ifnMH % l faRfl OTRt
) RIcT a % cTR) "
(1) The acceleration of the car is towards the centre of the path pTC RJT c ri3 RR R>13Tft % i )
mv2
( 2) The magnitude of the frictional force on the car is greater than .
r
f mv2")I
( K TTT MH 0! «ICI R>T MRHIVI I arfirer % i)
(3) The friction coefficient between the ground and the car is not less than a /g.
HHIH 3?K RTR Rfa qrfvi T a /g Tf RTR Rtrf % i ),
2
1v
(4) The friction coefficient between the ground and the car is HHII 3?R RHT fPIFF) P = tan r RTR
9
41 . A circular road of radius r is banked for a speed v = 40 km /hr. A car of mass m attempts to go on the circular
road. The friction coefficient between the tyre and the road is negligible.
(T2 =F rll 4 K
) r frqft fspRT r t, v = 40 cM =< <i Id *} I + K P»W «W £o<4 MH m rll + K y £ <*,
RT qn RRRI RR?rt 11 ZTRT afR R - Rtfcr ymqrRRJRti)
(1) The car cannot make a turn without skidding (°FR f TT fRRTcl 'SJR q# Rqnft I )
'
( 2 ) If the car turns at a speed less than 40 km /hr, it will slip down
(qfq R?R 40 RTR -qM t fit RF Rlrihft |)
mv 2
(3) If the car turns at the correct speed of 40 km /hr, the force by the road on the car is equal to
mv 2
(qfq RTR cjl <*i 40 I'EHI / S. R>t Kri Hdl % fit SKI 'bit Rt d ' lim qqi qci R> «UI ®K eldl % l )
(4) If the car turns at the correct speed of 40 km /hr, the force by the road on the car is greater than mg as well
2
40 f 'bMl / y Rfl HCII % cTt sKI hu. RT
,
CIMHI liH RH mgTl srfqqi
as greater than itri

PHYSICS GUTKA 58
Work (power and Energyw
42. A heavy stone is thrown from a cliff of height h in a given direction. 9r0Und |
(1) must depend on the speed of projection
(2) must be larger than the speed of projection
(3) must be independent of the speed of projection
(4) may be smaller than the speed of projection fati
43. *
The total work done on a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy
cfiTTJ TR Tfqr cjqr} Rcffj Rfad 3wff 3 TfciT % l)
(1) always (d t) .
(2) only if the forces acting on it are conservative i4<d f TRSTT d 0
(3) only if gravitational force alone acts on it 0$4d 4ft, d4fa> 4T 4d 4d 0
(4) only if elastic force alone acts on it (4> =«n dft, 3d TT 4> qd TTc TTT T dd 4>fadT ft l)
44. Consider two observers moving with respect to each other at a speed v along a straight line. They observe a j
block of mass m moving a distance t on a rough surface. The following quantities will be same as observed by j
the two observers
71Tiftirfft I 3 ft «dT< > ftt trqt
i cm 4>dt ilfSRT 4*dt f I ftft
313
IKT WT iffiflcT ft
m
ift 41df dftfaf ftft l)
* j
(1) kinetic energy of the block at time t (t TTC4 41 ftt nfad <soft )
"
(2) work done by friction faftr1RT fftd 4 JT rpf)

*
(3) total work done on the block (®dlft 4T fft4T W 4£d 4 4) "
(4) acceleration of the block fadft 4iTdRd)

45. You lift a suitcase from the floor and keep it on a table. The work done by you on the suitcase does not
depend on(37NT ftt ptf it BdRT ftsrTRdfttfi draft HR ftRdTfftdTdqr rfafftkdft ifRmtl)
(1) the path taken by the suitcase ft ?RT cPT fft4 dR)
(2) the case taken by you in doing so (draft jjRT d>ft ft fftij "ftt ddd XR)
(3) the weight of the suitcase facftdft 4RXR-)
(4) your weight (draft dKdT)
46. No work is done by a force on an object if (fftdt _
(1) the force is always perpendicular to its velocity fad 3dft fty ft |)
(2) the force is always perpendicular to its acceleration fad 3dft dRd ft
dftr % t\
(3) the object is stationary but the point of application of the force moves
on the nhieef
J
fadj faddlWdTT ft ft ftfft4 4dJ XR d fftdT fft Trf% qRctlit |)
<4>
rr
(1) The tension in string becomes zero when the particle reaches its h\ nhFl .
,
2) The velocity of the particle becomes zero at the highest point
|)
9 stP int
°
(3) The kinetic energy of the bail in initial position was mv2 = mgf
(ddfidd) fdftf ft 4Td ftt ' iRi'Ji 3>df mv2 = mgf ft I]
?

PHYSICS GUTKA
jpf
IpV 48. The kinetic energy of a particle continuously increases with time.
jfe TlfcR 3TO WTTcTR %, rFf)
(1) The resultant force on the particle must have a component parallel to the velocity at all instants.
ftpft 8FTt fR qft'OTPft «IR -3 ry l)
{ 2 ) The resultant force on the particle must be at an angle less than 90° alt the time.
90o *f tt ?FT 'FWRT :3Tf i ) '
(3) Its height above the ground level must continuously decrease. HnTi cTcT ll ct lcIR Nidi TERT iPsv, I)
(4) The magnitude of its linear momentum is increasing continuously.
(3 tRsI* I 3WTTcTR M TScft 11)
(
/ . . y J V.
;T
'
,, .
49. A block of mass M is hanging over a smooth and light pulley through a light string. The other end of the string
is pulled by a constant force F. The kinetic energy of the block increases by 20 J in Is.
(M -qcp -qcjT srcr -q r f Fft far# §snt 1 M WPFR F
3 11 T[f ?R 1 ff 20 J IM-)
(1) The tension in the string is Mg Cstft 3TRF? Mg #TTtl )
(2) The tension in the string is F 3TFT3 Fttaltl)
(3) The work done by the tension on the block is 20 J in the. above Is
( <J 4 « w 1 if 'gRT
'R f Ftr
"
20 Jikntl)
(4) The work done by the force gravity is -20 J in the above Is
l £R T T P T F -2 0J )
Centre of Mass, Linear Momentum ana Collision

.50. In which of the following cases the centre of mass of a rod is certainly not at its centre ?
(PFT if feR ftstfipjf 3 ws rr SV TOPT Tt /T?f ?hn ?)
(1) The density continuously increases from left to right ( IFf 3 Ft 3 <njiidK tcft 11)®
(2) The density continuously decreases from left to right Ft R'Tfq cFMT nff ?tcft 11) '
(3) The density decreases from left to right up to the centre and then increases.
( ®tFf Ff , (R if C1MK1K
)
?kfl % afa f R cjfis l )
(4) The density increases from left to right up to the centre and then decreases.
cRi '
d lldK fe iMtsfKfR Ffh )
' '
51. If the external forces acting on a system have zero resultant , the centre of mass
(qfc Fh 'dl PldiN 41 <=t> l <T< Cl «( 154 ®leil iT 4 RUIIH1 Ypi tTf , <S'Hetil £°i|MM <£ -&)
"
(1) must not move (nf T Tfl I) (2) must not accelerate (c ftci I)
(3) may move C*TRT H XII 11) (4) may accelerate (T fttT TRnTT % l)
52 . A block moving in air breaks in two parts and the parts separate. In this event .
if RfilFR TRT *fPTf if cTT 13?R HR TJ*FF ft 11 W
(1) the total momentum must be conserved TFhTTRf RTT TI difgi', l )
( 2) the total kinetic energy must be conserved TfiR FTTf TcT "
l)
(3) the total momentum must change ( T S%IT nRqRla 5THT iPey, l ) '
(4) the total kinetic energy must change 7lftR 3ff qfeftfct #fl qiP H l )
53 . In an elastic collision {SFCTFT TO )
(1) the kinetic energy remains constant fflfTF!3wrf fTOT wl 11 )
(2) the linear momentum remains constant (FPo RFRT T??IT % I )
(3) the final kinetic energy is equal to the initial kinetic energy (3TfFTF iPcM 3 IKP-W RHT % l)
(4) the final linear momentum is equal to the initial linear momentum
( 3|PdH IPtaqi 4-i 11 STirf Rr) lP<a <+i FFF cldl % l )
i :
iiiL '
I
54 * A ball hits a floor and rebounds after an inelastic collision. Inthis case
* TcTtflafr 11 7 ugf -**
re the collision
ID the momentum of the ball just after the collision is same as that P* .
(2) the mechanical energy of the ball remains the same during the co isi
(4) the total, energy of the ball and the earth remains the same I ,
1
55 . A body moving towards a body of finite mass at rest collides withit. It pof ?* * .
is
qftfacTW T H # f a t ,$ 51 *
(1) both the bodies come to rest faFMFTT ff 3TT il )
(2) both the bodies move after collision (233JT l)
(3) the moving body comes to rest and the stationary body starts moving
did d ' lRmfa 1)
(4) the stationary body remains stationary , the moving body changes its velocity.
cn# afc MPditild grrn T HRqfcfa l)
56. In head on elastic collision of two bodies of equal masses (*wH R 4 HH yrt|lw dcw 4 )
(1) the velocities are interchanged (fa l) ( 2) the speeds are interchanged f 5 # WR dqraj | |)
(3) the momentum are interchanged pafa lFTr rfaltl)
(4) the faster body slows down and the slower body speed up (fal '' Id % 3?R rR ? lol f|)
57 . A particle moves on a straight line with a uniform velocity. Its angular momentum.
(Tfa TOT M 3T fa $ qffaFT 11 W faqfa jfa)
(1) is always zero Sldltl)
(2) is zero about a point on the straight line (mcT 3T ffaft ffa fatcT: fRTT % l )
(3) is not zero about a point away from the straight line (TO ffaft qt fatcT: Tfaf Ifa11)
(4) about any given point remains constant (ffalt ffa fa ffaj ffaq T n % i)
58. Let IA and IB be moments of inertia of a body about two axes A and B respectively. The axis A passes through
the centre of mass of the body but B does not.(TOT IAafo IBfa4 qt A%B
% i 3?$r A qftj s° 'i i S faTOT %,
qHi -
B Tiff ?ra) **
(2) If IA < IB, the axes are parallel (qft IA < IB , eft 3T$j WtTT | |)
(3) If the axes are parallel, IA < ffa TSJ WtKf
IB 3 y
JA <
-
(4) If the axes are not parallel, IA > IBffa -
arsj smRrcfaf.ffa, [)
59. Consider a wheel of a bicycle rolling on a level road at a linear speed v c
( Wdd
1 /fT'X
(1) the speed of the particle A iszero Afa qe pfai) (\
~ / .
«
(2) the speed of B, C and D are all equal tov0 ( B CafoD a v0 * V 7 \T
XJ
1
(3) the speed of C is 2v0 (C fa TOT 2v ) 011

(4) the speed of B is greater than the speed ofO (BfaTO?
60. Two uniform solid spheres having unequal masses and uneoual
TOfaTO?T £ *, *
(1) the heavier sphere reaches the bottom first (fat %T | I}

(2) the bigger sphere reaches the bottom first 0*5T fan | tI *
(3) the two spheres reach the bottom together (fait L
(4) the information given is not sufficient to tell which sphere will r
*
f? '
1
T
( Ofa j g m JhG
bott
°m first .

PHYSICS GUTKA
61. A hollow sphere and a solid sphere having same mass and same rads are rc&ed down a rough sadased plane.
(riBR WWH Zfa. PBH B> BBT B3 3?TT BBT TSM BB i B? TqJTP HB Brt * - frl)
{1} The hollow sphere reaches the bottom first (5 «5t3 B TT BFB #3 B£BTP j)
(2) The solid sphere reaches the bottom with greater speed (SB -=
wa B T 3 BTB v *|
AS »}
(3) The solid sphere reaches the bottom with greater kinetic energy (SB* >f«+: * "£ BT BTB AH ig**;10
(4) The two spheres will reach the bottom with same fcnear momercum (PrB £ £*)
BBTB tid* « 3:i BT TTB TB B B
62. A sphere cannot roll on 7TTB! Bp
*JP3T BBTfll I)
(1) a smooth horizontal surface fTOi $f ?TB B'TPBT) (2) a smooth inclined surface 0? =F fBB? BA BifFBT).
(3) a rough horizontal surface 0£F Tgppft TTBP BT) (4) a rough inclined surface rn B! BT}
-
63. In rear wheel drive cars, the engine rotates the rear wheels and the front wheels rotate only because the car
moves. If such a car accelerates on a horizontal road , the friction (faiirl BffBTB ci t - .
BtfjB fjRBBT B ' -TLH BipS
•
griBT afrt 3THB I Bfirtri tnFTTBT BIT TTSBT BT PB tftBBT) Brit I)
(1) on the rear wheels is in the forward direction (fT5H BfpBT xp 3TTJ fepuB )
( 2) on the front wheels is in the backward direction (3TB BfpBf BT BTB T77TI B )
(3) on the rear wheels has larger magnitude than the friction on the front wheels
(3TB& Bfpril spt B fcqj BfpBf tp 3TfaB BiTBIB Bt BBB)
(4) on the car is in the backward direction (BBT BT B7B fePUB )
64. A sphere can roll on a surface inclined at an angle 0 if the friction coefficient is mere than 2/7 g tanO .
Suppose the friction coefficient is 1/7 g tanO. If a sphere is released from rest on the incline.
.
(0 BIB p(37T £? T£B Bit BcTP BT T B BTBT gPB TTBcTt fc Bf; BBB 2/7g tanO B 3BBBpt I BBT BBB JBTB l /7g
n
tanO % 1 Bfe fBTTBTBTBT ft £B BITTT Bit BTTP BT T3TPT BI? 7TB
T ) -
(1) it will stay at rest (BP fBTTBTBTBl 3 BBt TpBT i )
( 2) it will make pure translational motion (BP (B JS TBHTBTB BfB Brin i)
(3) it will translate and rotate about the centre (Bp TBHmfffl pm sfrr BBt BrfrB: SJ B BTTBT I )
(4) the angular momentum of the sphere about its centre will remain constant.
(Bt< BT BT fTB TT BTTBi Bh? Bi BlffiT: fBBcl T BT)
.
65 Figure shows a smooth inclined plane fixed in a car accelerating on a horizontal road . The angle of incline 0
-
is related to the acceleration a of the car as a g tanO. If the sphere is set in pure rolling on the incline ,
(fBBTJTTTT fo i TTPB BT T BT rriRd BBT B, T B> fBBB BB BcT BH TTBT fcdlBI BBT % I BBT B?!B 0 BB BBT Bt TBTB a B a •» g
tanO TFBRBB fBBT BBT 11 Bfe BB BT T B BITB fB fS FB ri 3B TPT PI BI ) -
( 1 ) it will continue pure rolling (Bp fags P B TjjSBtBl BUT TTSfBT I )
(2) it will slip down the plane (BPBrT BT fBBTPT bill ' ll l )
(3) its linear velocity will increase (3B tfeB BB B *jfc PTBT I )
(4) its linear velocity will slowly decrease (BOB tfeBT BB *T Bet pm PTBT i )
gravitation and Satellites

66. Let V and E denote the gravitational potential and gravitational field at a point. It is possible to have
-
(BIBT V 3?IT E RIVHI fa BT 'J rqlq fBBB 3?TT B?l BTTTB % I BPPrBB % fBT)
(1) V = 0 and E = 0 ( 2) V = 0 and E * 0 (3) V * 0 and E = 0 (4) V * 0 and E * 0.
67. A uniform spherical shell gradually shrinks maintaining its shape. The gravitational potential at the centre.
( BjBTTTBIB BtcftB B>tpl 3TB 3TTBBT BBrit TTtr Vlf - BTf Ri Scll % I BTTBr i-5 BT fBVB- )
(1) increases (BSrIT % l) ( 2) decreases (BBBT 10
(3) remains constant (fBBB TPcTT % 1) (4) oscillates BTTcTT % 1)

68. Two satellites A and B move round the earth in the same orbit. The mass B is twice the mass of A.
(1) Speed of A and B are equal (A 3?K B Ici twH ?PT) I )

( 2) The potential energy of earth + A is same as that of earth + B
Opft +A Tjszft tl)
(3) The kinetic energy of A and B are equal. (A afrt B J i f c l « H H % l)
(4) The total energy of earth + A is same as that of earth + B
69. Which of the following quantities remain constant in a planetary motion (consider elliptical orbits) as seen
from the sun ? tl ( JT3ff #1 TR ) )
(1) Speed fate!) (2) Angular speed {ctDufiq Ici)
(3) Kinetic energy fqfirjf 3wlf ) (4) Angular momentum
70 . Consider an attractive central force of the form F(r )

= , k is a constant. For a stable circular orbit to exist.
p(r) = t, k frailR? 11 wft riFFR W $ 3Tfcpt $ f Fl :)
71 .
U) n 2 - ( 2) n < 3
r
(3) n > 3 (4) n = 1
Two bodies of masses m and M are placed a distance d apart . The gravitational potential at the position
-
where the gravitational field due to them is zero is V.
(m sfk M 'lqfa TqVtcTr
:)
i
'
(1) V = -S(m + M) B) V = -5p , -f
(3 V ,
4) V = -S ( ; + VMIF
72. A body of superdense material with mass twice the mass of earth but size very small compared to the size of
earth starts from rest from h « R above the earth's surface. It reaches earth in time t.
srfawT wf sozmpi WR ipn twg STFFK SF) cjcrn 3 airqfVns ifer ,1wnq«
)
«F K15
*H <. h « R lei'll STR T <Mfll IfI RT t TPT51? aTRTl % t?t :) '
(1 > vsf (2)

" if ,, il
<3 =
Simple Harmonic Motion
73. A particle moves in a circular path with a uniform speed . Its motion is
(1 TT«T Tiqr TTRPt sFWI , t n f i r % l)
'
(1) periodic (3?FffiT) ( 2) oscillatory

(3) simple harmonic (SRcT 3Trattf )
74. The motion of a torsional pendulum is ffcH did* git Rfo fjq
|) )
_
(4) angular simple harmonic (qiluftq tctf)
(1) periodic (straflf ) ( 2) oscillatory ( Id tl ) -

(3) linear simple harmonic flfisi* W srratff )
75. Which of the
(fFT 3 $
following quantities are
TTfif 3
always negative
(4) angular simple harmonic
in a simple harmonic motion ?
11)
-
WI an raf )
(l ) F.a ( 2) 0. ? (3) a. r (4) p. r

76. Which of the following quantities are always zero in a simple harmonic motion ?
( PiH < IR( HT tKd 3iiqd MRI qjjq $lcll % l )
0) F x a (2) vx ? (3) a x ? (4) Fx ?
66 BH
EjKKJ
.-Jl
PHYSICS GUTKA
115
|KOTA ( RflJA <nHi
. A particle is dropped from a point, a distance h

77. Suppose a tunnel is dug along a diameter of the earth
directly above the tunnel. The motion of the particle as seen from the earth f*
is TFTT
Will Tl F TOT TfinNtl)
(1) simple harmonic (TTCTT 3Mtff) (2) parabolic fcRTOTOTR)
(3) on a straight line (Wl 3TTR) (4) periodic (SlWcfT)
moves in the X-Y plane according to the equation r = ( T + 2 j) Acos © t . The

motion of the particle is
78. A particle
m (QMTOTX-YTOTTHITOI r = i + 2 j Acos wt
(1) on a straight line (TO RT)
( ) SF TR
(2) on an ellipse RT)

t I TOrqtf «iRi srPfl I )
(4) simple harmonic TTTeT STI cff)

(
(3) periodic (STTTOf)
is simple harmonic
A particle moves on the X-axis according to the equation x = x0 sin o)t. The motion
2
79.
(T3 TOT X-378? m TRfaTO X = x0 sin (0t £ SFjrTR TffcT TOTT 11 TOT TTfcT TO
2 «TT f RfcT t)
(1) with amplitude x0 (2) with amplitude 2x0
2n 7t
(3) with time period (4) with time period
co co
80. In a simple harmonic motion (q TRTT TOcf nfir 3)
"
(1) the potential energy is always equal to the kinetic energy (ferffR TOf TTftR * -4 TO) 11)
(2) the potential energy is never equal to the kinetic energy (ferfam TOlf mv *rt TfcTsT TOf nTFTC TOf TTcft 11
) )
(3) the average potential energy in any time interval is equal to the average kinetic energy in that time interval
( fotil *} 3?fecT ferffim Svsrf , 3?T) TPFTRRTTT 3ffecT TfcR
" " «KI«K % l)
(4) the average potential energy in one time period is equal to the average kinetic energy in this period.
( it ti Slicitfold Tf i'tfl 4> ld CtM Swtf KI«R fjlri l)
' ® )
' ff)
81 In simple harmonic motion about stationary mean position (feR RT T ferfcT TTT ST TO STTRcf
.
(1) the maximum change in potential energy equals the maximum kinetic energy
(frqfeji TOf 3 sTfaroR nfertfa, srfaquR nfira TOf
( 2) the minimum change in potential energy equals the minimum kinetic energy
sRqcRr , Jl (cH •S'Sif <sKl«R Ifli % |)
( felfrM 3 5ff if
"
(3) the minimum change in potential energy equals the maximum kinetic energy
(R*HRH -do 'siT - inH nRcidn , sTfaqror JIRI n) «HI«K % i)
(4) the maximum change in potential energy equals the minimum kinetic energy
(R fcl'JI 3?fi|cbclH nRqcf 'l , ' iRl'Jl * '3|t q) «Riq <. tcTT % l)
82. An object is released from rest. The time it takes to fall through a distance h and the speed of the object as it
falls through the distance are measured with a pendulum clock. The entire apparatus is taken on the moon
RKimq mTr t5l 4 l 'Jtmi 11 ST h ) TTRn3 q7T wi
and the experiment is repeated *
.
?RT TOT (IT 11 qft TTt -srgm 1 1 t- )
(1) the measured times are same fRl M TFFT TTTO l)
(2) the measured speeds are same (TOT TO) TTTO l)
(3) the actual times in the fall are equal (PKH nm*? TTCn TTTO Tth l)
(4) the actual speeds are equal fa*TT *f TO) TITO #T) l)
83. Which of the following will change the time period as they are taken to moon ?
(RTH $ fro qT sriPicfoM MRqfHri TR) qfq <r% TORTT nr TOTT mR) I)
"
(1) A simple pendulum ( q> TRcT cild«h) (2) A physical pendulum (TO Tftfciqr TTteFF)
(3) A torsional pendulum (t(3T dldq,) (4) A spring-mass system (qq> fern st°qHH ftTOT)
the
84. A particle of mass m is located in a one dimensional potential energy field where the potential energy of
The period
particle depends upon the co-ordinate x as U (x) = U() (1 - cos ax), where U0 and a are constants.
of small oscillations that the particle performs about the equilibrium position is
(m 5, HM mr TFFT TOT, IFF faror ferftR TOif tfa g frro % s?t TOI ferfcR U(X) = U0(l - cosax),
TO 3 ftuft qror t TU0 a fferafo 11 TOT SRI TO T feifn nr .iTtn-nra RTFT M 3TO nTrol
- nn aTmrlnro Tim ?)
(1, Tifc
12 2x m 2n
<2> Ti|u7
Im 27t [m
tofu ;,
(4) None of above
m Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

WT 67
PHYSICS GUTKA
k
85. A solid cylinder of mass M Is attached to a light spring of
T 3TRcf TcT ?)
, nM
7TT
% irof rrPtfTcT;T
(1) 2« [2M
VlT <2) 2 jl (3) 2
/
IT
86 . A body of mass m is suspended from two light springs of force constants k and k separately. The periods of ,
i4 2
vertical oscillations are T, and T2 respectively. Now the same body is suspended from the same two springs
which are first connected in series and then in parallel. The period of vertical oscillations are T and T
respectively.
3 fain
fakz W t rnt 'gRT aTeFT-<H <riM
3tracfancT s»rro: T, 3?KT fawaft
2
TOTH fenif sro £4 ww i f a f f c f t R T O T R r c s w i f
•S < cTZ FWr TTcTI % I STMchWeT sF TTT: T Tp t cW :)
(1) Tp < Tj < T2 < T for kj > k (2) = + (3) Ts2 = Tf +|

T (4) =/ +A V/
2 2
J2 J £
87 . A horizontal spring-mass system of mass M executes oscillatory motion of amplitude a and time period .
0 Tfl
When the mass M is passing through its equilibrium position another mass m is placed on it such that both
move together. If a and T be the new amplitude and time period respectively then,
I (M SWHII quni fi <niq a0 3WP73fKT0 ifii iJozrRHamf mwfMl
'
piTtiT % era m 3f K TOT t f ff 11 a 3fR T t

(1) a : ao (2) a :
88. Two pendulums of length lm and 16m are in phase at the mean position at a certain instant of time. If T is
the time period of shorter pendulum , the minimum time after which they will again be in phase is
(lm afo 16m M Pifc «H <H TO nm if tfc f i cjq sn lte T H
-
R? TdH TOPI ? TRT oFTl pM S
' MV Id <plTU TeTT if 3TI 3TT ff ?) '
(1) (2) 2T T
T T (3)
T (4)
3
5
89. Two simple pendulums have time periods T and T . They start vibrating
at the same instant from the mean
position In the same phase. The phase difference between them
when the bigger pendulum completes one
oscillation will f 2,
f TOW f n terror #n •sra CTST |
(1 ,f B)
f t « B)
90. A particle executes simple
,oiAisT, „omiA , ,sT Then. Wx..A x

andgo
- and x.. A. The
harmonic
motion between x -A
oA
A
M
faken by _+
+
time it to go If 0111 ?
t ?fli
|
|
* Awwtflft 'mwprT1 rfnlA * AwBSnit ftTOw
jraO
d ) T, < T, g) T > T, . (3) T, .

n
I fW :)
(4) T ,
r~ 68 = 2TZ

m Baa PHYSICS GUTKA
91. A solid floats in a liquid in a partially dipped position (33f> RT 33» 53 3 3 l|f) % 33-)
(1) The solid exerts a force equal to its weight on the liquid. $R 53 Ml MR 3TT3T 3ct 3TRtfq?f 3HCII 11)
(2) The liquid exerts a force of buoyancy on the solid which is equal to the weight of the solid.
(53 BRT Ml T§|R MR 3R31 33 133 3H 3RltfM3 3RRT % l)
(3) The weight of the displaced liquid equals the weight of the solid.
( fa llsci f3 RR 5333 MRRRT MR 3R315t3T 11)
(4) The weight of the dipped part of the solid is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.
( fq MlpHci f3Rt R*t 53 33 MR dIR 3i MPT 3 MR 3i 3R31 eldl % l)
)
92. The weight of an empty balloon on a spring balance is Wr The weight becomes W2 when the balloon is filled
with air. Let the weight of the air itself be w. Neglect the thickness of the balloon when it is filled with air. Also
neglect the difference in the densities of air inside and outside the balloon.
(fePT MT WTf ll55 MR Wj11 33 3Jt 3T3 MR T3T 13t 3R33 MR W2 11 MRT 3T3 33 MR w 11
3ft Mtelf 3?f ?I3 RFi Rf3 3? 3Tg TT MR 11 3) 3RI 3 3I?l3fl 3Tg Mt 3=331 3 3T?R 3ft Ml W3 RFl 33-)
(1) W2 = W1 (2) W2 = Wj + w (3) W2 < Wj + w (4) W 2 > WX
93. A solid is completely immersed in a liquid. If density of the liquid is uniform, the force exerted by the liquid on
the solid will
(TT3T 3RT 33T 53 3 SRl) 3T 3R f | Rft 53 33 M3T3 M3RTRR t, 3) 53 5RT RR? Ml cTRTRT R3T 3?T-)
(1) increase if it is pushed deeper inside the liquid (3%RT, 3f5 3$ 53 3P51 I6<I4 33> RTRt I)
(2) change if its orientation is changed (Mft3fif3 '?PTT 3f5 '3R33 STfMf FRTR nRqRPi f3 3T 3RT l)
(3) decrease if it is taken partially out of the liquid (3TM tflRT 3f5 RR 53 RT 3TTf3T3T RM f333cTT WPt I)
(4) be in the vertically upward direction (3£3fal 33R 33 f TT R 3PTT I)
94. A closed vessel is half filled with water. There is a hole near the top of the vessel and air is pumped out from
this hole. p£3T 3=5 MT3, MT3t it 3TT3T MR 3T3T 1TI MT3 flft MIR fl55 % fRR l) 3Tg 3it RPR f333cTT 3T3T %, 33-)
(1) The water level will rise up in the vessel (MT3 MF3 33 3cT 33R Rc TT |)
(2) The pressure at the surface of the water will decrease (MR) 3ft R3f MT 5i3 3RTIPTT l)
(3) The force by the water on the bottom of the vessel will decrease (MTRt 5RT MT3 3f Ml 3cT R PT I)
(4) The density of the liquid will decrease (53 33 R3?3 R PT 1)
95. In a streamline flow , (3RT tMRM3PT - )
(1) the speed of a particle always remains same (R3T 333 3ft 3TR R 3 RRT3 1?R) 11)
(2) the velocity of a particle always remains same (3 =3 333 33 R R 3 RRT3 T33T 11)
(3) the kinetic energies of all the particles arriving at a given point are the same
(TRT R*t tR Ml 3T RRIR 333) 3ft Rf?H ftcft % |)
(4) the momentum of all the particles arriving at a given point are same .
(TJ3T f53 R f3 Ml Mf3% 3Tet RRIR 33>fi 33 R R RRFT ?ftTT f |)
96. Water flows through two identical tubes A and B. A volume V0 of water passes through the tube A and 2V0
Rpft 3?3T 11
through B in a given time. Which of the following may be correct ? (5) R 4RRR=J3t A 3fti BR
R WTTS 3A MPft 33 V03RR3R 3 K33 B -cfir 2V0 RT33R 3?3T 11 f *FT R Rt 3?) 0
(1) Flow in both the tubes are steady (5t3f J3T M3WRRH 11)
(2) Row in both the tubes are turbulent (5RT J3T T| fqgsq wm % I )
(3) Row is steady in A but turbulent in B (A R M3T3 33? RRH % 33f% B R iRig T 11)
(4) Row is steady in B but may be turbulent in A (B 3 M3T? R37 RRH 3, A R fRupT TTRRTRi )
MM Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

PHYSICS GUTKA
97.
(1) The pressures at A and B are equal for any shape of the
tube
)
(fa# # STFfrfW fat fa ft# A 3fa B m J
(2) The pressures are never equal fa# #
(3) The pressures are equal if the tube has a uniform cross-section
fast mn -qft Tfa w 10
3T55TFI
(4) The pressures may be equal even if the tube has a nonuniform cross
se
speed of the water ejecteddoes

98. There is a small hole near the bottom of an open tank filled with a liquid. The
not depend on
(1) area of the hole (fes m) (2) density of the liquid fa? fa W* )
*
(3) height of the liquid from the hole (ft3£ $ sfq fat fafal 4*)
(4) acceleration due to gravity ( c#T R)
99. Two idential cylinderical vessels with their bases at the same level, each containing; a
liquid of density p are joined base to base as shown . The height of the liquid in one
vessel is hj and in other is h 2. The area of horizontal section of either vessel is A.
The work done by gravity to equalise water level in both is.
fa faFR %HT*FTC -qpTfafa 3TRJR Wi clc? ft f , STcfaF 3 pWTO I nttTmfafa
'
I
fa 3iraR 5ft f I Tfa Oft 'Sjq fat
"
' "
hj cTOT # ft h2 % I fafa ft yr*fa fa $Ri 4t i
'bli FT %5PT> cT A % I s[RI fafa ft tTTfa CTQT ># ft faRTT mn :)
' "
(1) ZERO |(hl - hf )pgA

(2) |(h - h ) pgA
(3) 2 1
2
(4) (h 2 - hjfpgA
100. A closed completely tank filled with a fluid of density p is mounted on a cart. The cart moves with an acceleration
a on a plane road. The value of pressure at a point at depth h and at a distance t from the front wall is
-
(p q in* fafa 'i#1'4
' cfa Mlsl 'R 7iqr %| Tils ) uqcKri
TR a fa cT# % I 3# Wlfatfa Rft
£ fat ?T*TT h ie < l TR fa# ffa
< | fa 451 RFT ft ! I )
7
)
(1 hpg ( 2 ) ( hg a) p (3) (hg + te) p (4) ap
101. A hole is made at the bottom of a law vessel open at the top. If water Is filled to a height h, it drains out
completely in time t. The time taken by the water column of height 2h to drain completely is
5 fa 2h fa TTHT RTt*T fat TJTT
'
-
ft fafl ll RR*T cfani ? )
"
va
Cl) (2) 2t (3) 2 2t V (4) 4t
102. A beaker containing water is kept on a spring balance B,. The weight of beaker and
water is 5kg. A piece of iron (specific gravity 7.5) weighing 1.5 kg
is hun f
spring balance B2. If the iron piece is lowered in water till it is fully
not touch the bottom of the beaker, the readings of B, and B
immerJH.IT 3
2 will be
(g = 10 ms-2] fara fa mi fa# B] TR W f , (
(fafa 7.5) m 1.5 kg tfm n B (
2
sifatcRTcT fafafaqi
B, B2 fa Ml lfa sFWT: fan ? ) [g = 10 ms-2]
'
•* ?, TR
( 2) 5.2 kg, 1.5

(3) 5.2 kg, 1.3 kg
kg
(4) 5.0 kg, 1.5
kg

1
i MechanicaC(properties of Matter
PHYSICS GTjTKA 1I
103. A student plots a graph from his readings on the determination of Young's modulus of a metal wire but forgets
to put the labels (Fig.) The quantities on X and Y-axes may be respectively
faursff £ 33 Rrcfe 33 ffefe 3fe eft foft qft
3lf 733 317 <
ft 1*3? 3 #q?TT f I ¥72 j ffeTfRR TTfmf
m
•• 1cFHT 11 X afa Y sryf ¥7 XJ rtT sFRH: rft I)
Ijjl 3fI3I
(1) weight hung and length increased (71233 31T 117 afa 7R3 ft < jfe)
f * Tf
(2) stress applied and length increased (aiiftfra sfiHcf ftk cTt ft
lf
Y
(3) stress applied and strain developed (snftffe yftRTT afk -33FT
feffft)
(4) length increased and the weight hung (7R3lf 3 afk 71233 f 3TT MR) 0 X
104. The properties of a surface are different from those of the bulk liquid because the surface
molecules
(WT gcrn w Tjqqrf f»FT %, -Rcif TR 3 )
(1) are smaller than other molecules (3T3
3333ft 3ft 37RT ftTJlftftftti )
(2) acquire charge due to collision from air molecules ( 3l
RFJ 3133ft ft 71323 3l 3tfeT ¥33 3R clft 11)
(3) find different type of molecules in their range of influence (3i¥ft ¥3T33ft 7l)3TftfeftRM 3?
3133ft 3ft ¥lftti)
(4) feel a net force in one direction (¥3 fen ft 37713rf
21333 377ft % )
|
105. The rise of a liquid in a capillary tube depends on (3lfft33 37ft ft ¥333 w fftftl 3773T 11)
(1) the material (33lft ¥7) (2) the length (R3 | T ¥7)
(3) the outer radius (3T?l Bt i ¥7) (4) the inner radius of the tube (3# 33 strafe? fftrai ¥7)
106. The contact angle between a solid and liquid is a property of (13? fef aft TTEF 3 #3 7¥?f gfe Tjuife fj
¥ )
(1) the material of the solid (3l71 ¥c[Tsf 33) . (2) the material of the liquid (¥3 ¥¥I3 33)
(3) the shape of the solid (fet 3ft strife 33) (4) the mass of the solid (fet 33)
107. A liquid is contained in a vertical tube of semicircular cross-section (Fig. ) The contact angle is
f N
zero. The forces of surface tension on the curved part and on the flat part are in ratio(Sf
<+iia qidft TJ37 27 31372 ft 7(37 ¥3 RRfsnti
cjnicfrK * 7¥ft 3ft I 33rai|l Tp57Rr3
' '
'hlt 'Jl 33? ¥FT 3ft 33dd MPT ¥7 373 33 StjMId 11)
(1) 1 : 1 ( 2) 1 : 2 (3) 7r : 2 (4) 2 : n
108. When a capillary tube is dipped into a liquid , the liquid neither rises nor falls in the capillary.
) )
-
(33 <* 3 f?T33 uni 31 ¥3 ft| ) l 3l3T " llrll % 3l 3> fft33 ft 33 3 3ccll % 3ft 3 lit acKfll ft 33)
(1) The surface tension of the liquid must be zero (33 33 33313 ftftTT Rife; 1)
(2) The contact angle must be 90° (7¥?f 3fe 90° ferT 3lfe |)
(3) The surface tension may be zero ((F333T3 7 3 II ¥33311)
(4) The contact angle may be 90° (3733: 37)3 tl 7133311)
109. A solid sphere moves at a terminal velocity of 20 m /s in air at a place where g = 9.8 m /s2. The sphere is
taken in a gravity free hall having air at the same pressure and pushed down at a speed of 20 m /s.
(ffeft 7313 37 g = 9.8m /s2 ft 3Tg 3 TT3? fel ftfe 20 m /s 7ferafe '7l 3f3 317311313 TM 3 ) TT3 5?33 g33 '
3t 37ftft '3Sf 71¥T3 ¥T3 ¥7 3T3 tl 20 m /s 7) fttft 3ft 3ft 3 33 3T3T 133-)
(1) Its initial acceleration will be 9.8 m /s2 downward (37733 3TT7fwi3T 7373 9.8m /s23l3 3?f 3ft fen I )
(2) Its initial acceleration will be 9.8 m /s2 upward (37133 aipfera 7373 9.8m /s227¥7 3ft 3ft feu 1)
(3) The magnitude of acceleration will decrease as the time passes (7373 ¥flMT'3 ft , 7l¥3237ft 73337ft) tftrl 1)
'
. (4) It will eventually stop (3133: 3F ¥?37 pRr 1 )

110. A cord of mass m , length L , area of cross-section A and Young 's modulus Y is hanging from a ceiling with the
help of a rigid support . The elongation developed in the wire due to its own weight is
(fe> 777l) P3 3 I <*oiM3 m , cF3T L , 3125173332 33 fe3?31 A 33T 33 ¥1317331|]ulid Y la , 133 TJ3
'
) ) ) 31J3R ft 7123 1
'
)
11 777ft ft 733 3l 3T7 T131 fecFl f 373 R 2733 fefl ? )

mgL mgL 2mgL
(1) ZERO ( 2) ( 2) ( 4)
AY 2 AY AY

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Iliiil PHYSICS GUTKA1

GUTKA 12. Friction 21

M 28. Some common questions in Physics 93

V Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

Always stait any work with smiling face .

rff# « 3# ntl ft (motto* t

>T ft) ciicil tjtt'l C1,ii 4 l i

Health is perfect (Physical & Mental health)

ft) 3TPT 'jf ) c|H ft 3t 4tftitrlcll °FF

© cfmfiTef ( Immediately ) © sferft *£ %tr

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

aqrav ttl T??ft 11

/ sfrc MentaCpressure ?t RN T / m md Tesrtft frfm

HGI tp 4-|<ricja trft % t qr f} tf ff T| f - §1 -5TJ ctidl 3 37Fr3

f RAPID REVISION FOR PHYSICSl

Jd Mow- the following otepa ,

Phase Papers,* Major time 3T*ft RFf I

ALLEN RT 3RT Career Entrance Exam cR7

Quarter Final 'Jr

So be prepared 100% for Major Tests

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

O ctoiO 'JTt T f 6lcfl - It's the part of study. ©

(For any objective pattern Exam)

?© I h. iAc&'\Adjusi /tfd : iptYTT did analysis +1( 1

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

ALLEN I PHYSICS GUTKA

Note : b2 - 4ac < 0 <Tt roots imaginary ('friers Pi «fr ) TFt

b2-4ac eft roots equal ?Ft I

Binomial Theorem (f TK TPfa)

1 + cot20 = cosec20 ianO

sin 20 = 2 sin 0 cos 0; cos20 = cos20 - sin20

sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B -

Hf < ull 41 (Resultant) A (Angle ) tan a Sin 0

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

| i = 2A sin| tan a = tan p. |[ or

Negative scalar it multiply n?TlnR direction opposite It niTflt11 TCt ( 4) A

A.B = ABcosG s Tjcp aifer (a scalar)

A xB = ABsinGn 55 feT (a vector)

vector A ( fei) n>t cHLh fingers ( jTd Ml)

vector B nft TITO T5tl angle n>t

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

ALLEN PHYSICS GUTKA

1 atm (1 gN) = 1.013 x 10( dyne /cmM .013 x 10 r> N / m 2

1 day = 86 ,400 second , 1 year * 365 - days *» 3.16 x 107 second

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in V

Gravity (STT W TT r°l )

Compressibility (5 = - M LT2 [M LT2]

Avogadro Number ( 3tiqViis) R TT ) (NA )= [mol 1] or [p.-1]

(Note : for lens P = 1/f and for mirrors P = - 1/f )

Magnification (3TT4ER) (for lens m = v

Cofficient of Viscosity ( Mdi : r| = F/6nrv [ML-'T 1] *

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

Especial Note : 3R : we % Rt mechanics «¥R almost 85% Physics

TT#t analysis W BRAIN *£

U Check the nature ol question - - -

Downloaded From www.pmtcorner.in

FBD Technique (NLM)

Horizontal & Vertical

In drawing FBD firstly show that force which appear as

© Action-Reaction pair between the bodies.f ra force it body,

<Dynamics of Motion (Cause of motion)

© Tension tsftYIT Hftftf iftn HlfinT I

Contact Force Normal Contact Force "