M.

A
Paper-VI Module 2

Q, Describe the development and role of various statutory

enactments in curbing environmental pollution in India
Or/inclusive of/Part of the question
Discuss briefly the development of legislation in British India to
curb pollution
Short note/Part of the question: Different legal procedure to curb
water pollution/Statutory Acts to curb air pollution/noise pollution

f¢lhn c§oel r¢aL¡lL fËi¡h bL lr¡ f¡Ju¡l EŸnÉ BCel fËu¡S

¢eua¡ i¡lahoÑ hý¢ce BNC Ae¤d¡he Ll¢Rm, Hhw p A¢ij¤M
L¡SJ quR kbø, ¢L¿¹¥ pjul p¡b p¡b f¢lhn c¤oel pw‰¡ J hÉ
¢çl hcm quRz haÑj¡eL¡ml fËr¡fV BNl plm BCeL Bl¡ n
¢š²n¡m£ Ll a¡m¡l fËQø¡ Bjl¡ cMa f¡C 70 Hl cnLl fËbj bLz
CwlS Bjm fËbj p¡bÑL i¡h ¢LR¥ f¢lhn c§oe ¢eu¿»e BCel
fËeue Ll¡ qu¢Rmz fËd¡ea Sm c§oe J h¡u¤ c§o el ¢hl¦Ü
ü¡d£ea¡l BN J fl Be¡ EõMk¡NÉ HC ph BCe…¢m pðå e£Q pw
¢rç Bm¡Lf¡a Ll¡ qmz

Sm c§oe: Sm c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ BCe…¢m Q¢lœ Ae¤k¡u£ ¢ae

dlel qu b¡Lz kb¡ L) fË¡b¢jL BCe AbÑ¡v 1882 p¡ ml Indian
Easements Actz M) f§hÑl ¢h¢iæ cäj¤mL(Penal) J Public
nuisance Actsz N) haÑj¡el L¾cÊ£u plL¡ll ¢h¢iæ fËn¡o¢eL
¢h¢dhÜ BC¢e hÉhÙÛ¡z fËbj 1882 p¡ ml S¢jüšÄ BCe h¡
Indian Easement Act H Sm¡S¡uN¡l f¡nÄhšÑ£ S¢jl j¡¢mL cl
Sm¡i¨¢jl Efl A¢dL¡l h¡ a¡l c§o el Efl ¢h¢d¢eod Bl¡f Ll¢Rmz f
¢lhn c§oel ¢hl¦Ü HC BCe¢V ¢Rm fËbj fËaÉr fc rfz k¢cJ HlJ
f§hÑ 1860 p¡m Indian Penal Code Hl NWel pjuC fl¡ri¡h f¢l-
hn c¤oe ¢eu¿»L ¢LR¥ fËQø¡ A¢eh¡kÑ i¡h Hp flz 277, 269 J
290 IPC d¡l¡…¢m Sm c§oe ¢eu¿»e EõMk¡NÉ i¨¢jL¡ ¢eu
¢Rmz HlJ fl hšÑ£L¡m 1897 p¡ml Indian Fisheries Act h¡ 1927
p¡ml Indian Forest Act H Smc¤oel ¢hl¦Ü p¢WL BC¢e ¢ecÑn
cJu¡ qu¢Rmz HC c¤¢V BCeC BCe i‰L¡¢lcl n¡¢Ù¹l EõM
Ll¡ luRz HC ¢hno BCe…¢m R¡s¡ ec£l Smc§oe ¢eu¿»e
hÉhÙÛ¡ CwlS Bjm J ü¡d£e¡šl i¡la eJu¡ qu¢Rm …l¦aÆf§eÑ
i¡hz 1873 p¡ml Northern Indian Canal and Drainage Act, 1948
1
p¡ml Damodar Valley Corporation Act J 1956 p¡ml River
Boards Act fËh¡¢qa Smc§oeL Ls¡ q¡a ¢eu¿»e Ll¡l Qø¡ Ll¡ q-
uRz 1948 p¡ml Indian Factories Act H LmL¡lM¡e¡ La«L c§¢oa
Sm J ¢ho¡š² fc¡bÑ ¢eNÑjel Efl fËbj ¢h¢d¢eod Bl¡f Ll¢Rmz
ah öd¤ cnl AiÉ¿¹ll ec£ h¡ AeÉ¡eÉ Sm¡S¡uN¡l c§oe l¡d Ll¡C
HLj¡œ mrÉ ¢qph eJu¡ qu¢ez B¿¹ÑS¡¢aL pj¤â
Paper VI/Module 2/Continued

¢euj pwœ²¡¿¹ pÇjmel fb Ahmðe Ll cnl l¡S°e¢aL p£jl

A¿¹NÑa pj¤âl c§oe ¢eu¿»e Ll¡lJ Efk¤š² fË Qø¡ eJu¡ qu 1958
p¡ml Indian Merchant Shipping Act Hz Sm c§oe ¢eu¿»e
a«a£u Ù¹ll h¡ phÑ¡fr¡ Bd¤¢eL Ù¹ll L¡S öl¦ qu 1970 p¡ml flz
The Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 HC A
¢ij¤M phQu n¢š²n¡m£ J pÇf¥eÑ HL¢V BCe, kM¡e BNl ¢h
¢iæ BCe…¢ml c§hÑma¡ pwn¡de Ll ¢ecÑn cJu¡ quRz HlJ
fl hšÑ£L¡m 1986 p¡ml Environment(Protection) Act f¢lhnl Eæ
¢aLÒf eJu¡ phQu …l¦aÆf§eÑ BC¢e fcrf kM¡e Sm c§oe
¢eu¿»el ¢ecÑn cJu¡ quRz

h¡u¤ c§oe: h¡u¤ c§oe ¢eu¿»e pwœ²¡¿¹ BCe…¢m L pjuL¡m

Ae¤k¡u£ c¤i¡N cM¡ pñhz fËbja ü¡d£ea¡l BNl h¡u¤c§oe
pwœ²¡¿¹ BCe Hhw ü¡d£ea¡l fll Bl¡ Eæa Bd¤¢eL BC¢e
hÉhÙÛ¡z CwlS l¡SaÆ i¡lahoÑ plLj …l¦aÆl p¡b h¡u¤c§oeL
LMeC cM¡ qu ¢ez fl¡ri¡h h¡u¤c§oel p¡b pÇf¢LÑa BCel
fËeue Bjl¡ fËbj cMa f¡C 1857 p¡ml Oriental Gas Company
Act Hz 1860 p¡ml i¡la£u cäj¤mL e£¢a fËeu el fl HC
h¡u¤c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ rœ C¢ah¡QL f¢lhšÑe Bpz m Jh VVÑ
h¡ AeÉl L¡le L¡e¡ hÉ¢š² h¡ Sep¡d¡lel n¡l£¢lL, AbÑ°e¢aL
h¡ p¡j¡¢SL r¢al ¢hl¦Ü cäj¤mL hÉhÙÛ¡l BJa¡u ¢h¢iæ rœ HC
h¡u¤c§oel ja OVe¡L cM¡ öl¦ quz fl hšÑ£ AÜÑnaL ¢LR¥ BCe
fl¡ri¡h HC h¡u¤c¤oeL A¿¹Ñi¥š² Ll¡l fËQø¡ Bjl¡ cMa f¡Cz
Indian Explosive Act 1884, h¡ Indian Boiler's Act 1923 HC dlel
BCez ah h¡u¤c§oel rœ CwlS n¡oehÉhÙÛ¡ HL¢V …l¦aÆf¤eÑ
¢ecÑne lM NR 1905 p¡ml Bengal's Smoke Nuisance Act Hz
¢iƒ¡¢lu¡ jj¡¢luml nÄaöï Qq¡l¡ h¡y¢Qu l¡M¡l EŸnÉ HC BCe¢Vl
fËQme Ll¡ qu¢Rmz fl hšÑ£L¡m H¢VL HL¢V k¤N¡¿¹L¡l£ BCe
¢qph NeÉ Ll¡ quRz Hl fl hšÑ£L¡m 1939 p¡m fËhaÑe Ll¡ qu
Motor Vehicles Act, HC BCe fËd¡ea j¡Vl N¡s£ pwœ²¡¿¹
k¡ha£u ¢euj¡hm£ A¿¹Ñi¥š² Ll¡ q mJ j¡Vl N¡s£ La«L c§oeL -
pi¡h …l¦aÆ cJu¡ qu ¢ez ü¡d£ea¡l f l 1988 p¡m Q¡m¤

2
qJu¡ ea¥e BCel 110 eðl pLne HC pwœ²¡¿¹ hÉf¡l p¢hno …
l¦aÆ fËc¡e Ll¡ quRz
ü¡d£ea¡l fl c§oe fË¢al¡d EõMk¡NÉ f¢lhšÑe Be 1948 p¡ml
Indian Factories Act J 1952 p¡ml The inflammable substance
Actz HC c¤¢V BCeC ¢ho¡š² fc¡bÑ La«L h¡u¤ c§o el rœ BC¢e
¢h¢d¢eod fËu¡Nl hÉhÙÛ¡ luRz HR¡s¡ ¢hwn naLl no AÜÑ -
aS¢ûu ¢h¢Lle S¡a c¤oe fË¡p¢‰L q u c¡s¡uz i¡lahoÑ Hl -
j¡L¡¢hm¡u 1962 p¡m Atomic Energy Act J 1971 p¡m
Radiation Protection Rule Q¡m¤ Llz ah Hk¡hv phL¢V BC¢e
hÉhÙÛ¡L fªbL fªbL i¡h fËu¡Nl rœC HLj¡œ Q¡m¤ ¢Rmz 1972
Hl ØVLq¡j pÇjmel fl ea¥e p¡j¢NËL i¡h f¢lhn L¢¾cÊL mrÉ
¢eu BCe fËeuel Lb¡ i¡h¡ öl¦ quz a¡lC gmpË¥¢a 1981 p¡ ml
Air(prevention and control)
Paper VI/Module 2/Continued

Actz phÑno 1986 p¡ml p¡j¢NËL f¢lhn L¢¾cÊL BCe(The

Environment protection Act) h¡u¤ c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ pLm fËL¡l
hÉhÙÛ¡l fË¢a ¢e¢ÕRâ j¡L¡¢hm¡l f¢lpl °al£ Ll¡ quRz

AeÉ¡eÉ f¢lhnc§oe fË¢al¡dL BCe: h¡u¤ c§oe J Sm c§o el

fl AeÉ¡eÉ rœJ ¢LR¥ f¢lhnc¤oL BCel fËeue i¡lahoÑ Ll¡ quRz
ü¡d£ea¡l BN j¤ma në c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ rœ HlLj HL¢V fcrf -
cM¡ k¡u 1866 p¡ml Calcutta Police Act Hl 43 ¢p J 43 ¢X
d¡l¡uz HR¡s¡ 1884 p¡ml Explosive Act Hl 6 6H d¡l¡u a£hË n-
ël c§oel hÉf¡l Bm¡Qe¡ J AbÑcäl EõM Ll¡ qu¢Rmz ü¡¢dea¡l
fl në c§oel ¢hl¦Ü hn ¢LR¥ BC¢e hÉhÙÛ¡ eJu¡ quz Hl jdÉ E-
õMk¡NÉ 1988 p¡ml Motor Vehicles Act, J i¡la£u cä¢h¢dl 290
d¡l¡ kM¡e nëc§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ AbÑc äl EõM luRz SS nË£k¤š²
iNha£ fËp¡c hÉ¡e¡SÑ£l E õ¢Ma ¢hl¡‰e¡ ¢l¢m¢Sup p¡p¡C
¢Vl ¢hl¦Ü në c¤oe pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢h¢d¢e od fËeue H hÉf¡l HL¢V
…l¦aÆf§eÑ cªø¡¿¹z Noise pollution (Regulation and Control)
Rules 2000 H ¢h¢d¢eodl hÉf¡l Bm¡Lf¡a Ll¡ quRz nëc§oe
R¡s¡J ¢ho¡š² l¡p¡u¢eL fÔ¡¢ØVL hSÑÉ J °Sh hSÑÉ pwœ²¡¿¹
c§oel rœJ i¡la n¢š²n¡m£ BCe fËeue Ll¡ quRz Hazardous
Waste(management and handling) Rules 1989, Manufacture
storage and import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989, Public
Liability Insurance Act 1991, Bio-medical Waste(Management
and handling) Rules 1998, Recycled Plastics Manufacture and
Usage Rules 1999 Ca¡É¢c BCe…¢m f¢lhn c§oel ¢hl¦Ü S¡s¡-
m¡ f¢lhšÑe Bea hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qµRz

3
Short Note: Discuss briefly the criminal procedure
section 144

CwlS Bjm i¡la£u cäj¤mL e£¢al fËhaÑ el rœ hn ¢LR¥ EõM-

k¡NÉ Ahc¡e lMRz k¡l jdÉ d¡l¡ 133 J d¡l¡ 144 ¢hno …
l¦aÆf¤eÑz d¡l¡ 144 pðå e£Q pw¢rç Bm¡Lf¡a Ll¡ qmz
1) k¢c L¡e Sm¡n¡oL, jýL¥j¡ n¡oL, h¡ AeÉ L¡e¡ c¡¢uaÆfË¡ç
jÉ¡¢SØVÊV, je Lle k L¡e¡ S¡uN¡u L¡e¡ HL¢V h¡ HL¡¢dL ¢e-
cÑnl j¡dÉj L¡e¡ hÉ¢š²L ¢hno ¢LR¥ dlel L¡S, h¡ a¡l A¢deÙÛ
h¡ a¡l hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡l A¿¹ÑNa S¢j pwœ²¡¿¹ L¡e¡ hÉf¡l bL ¢hla
Ll¡ E¢Qa Lee¡ a¡ p¡d¡le j¡e¤ol S£he, ü¡ÙÛÉ,
¢elfš¡ h¡ Sep¡d¡lel n¡¢¿¹l fË¢a A¿¹l¡u ül¦f, prœ pC n¡oL
d¡l¡ 133 Ae¤k¡u£ L¡e¡ ¢m¢Ma ¢ecÑnl j¡dÉj a¡ h¡Ù¹h¡¢ua
Lla f¡lez
Paper VI/Module 2/Continued

2) Sl¦l£ AhÙÛ¡u h¡ k¢c cM¡ k¡u k pju kbø eC prœ HC ¢e-

cÑn ex parte AbÑ¡v JC hÉ¢š²l AhaÑj¡eJ cJu¡ ka f¡lz
3) HC ¢ecÑn L¡e¡ L¡e¡ HL¢V hÉ¢š²l fË¢a, L¡e¡ ÙÛ¡e
hph¡pL¡l£ Sep¡d¡lel fË¢a h¡ L¡e¡ S¡uN¡l ïjela p¡d¡le j¡e¤ ol
EŸnÉ cJu¡ ka f¡lz
4) HC d¡l¡ Ae¤k¡u£ L¡e¡ ¢ecÑnC c¤ j¡pl hn£ pju hmhv b¡L-
h e¡ k¢c e¡ l¡SÉ plL¡l j e Ll k Sep¡d¡lel S£he, p¡j¡¢SL
AhÙÛ¡ S£¢hL¡, h¡ ü¡ÙÛl fË¢a r¢aL¡lL qJu¡l L¡l e Hl ju¡c
h¡s¡e¡ ka f¡lz
5) n¡oL a¡l ¢eSü ¢Q¿¹¡i¡he¡ Ae¤k¡u£ ¢Lwh¡ AeÉ L¡e¡ Ap¤¤
¢hd¡NËÙÛ j¡e¤ol Bhce Ae¤k¡u£ p ¢eS, Abh¡ AdÙ¹e
h¡ EÜÑae L¡e¡ B¢dL¡¢lLl à¡l¡ Eš² ¢ecÑnl f¢lhšÑe Lla,
h¡ pÇf¥eÑ l©f lc Lla f¡lez
6) l¡SÉ plL¡l a¡l f¢lLÒfe¡ Ae¤k¡u£ h¡ AeÉ L¡e¡ Ap¤¤
¢hd¡NËÙÛ j¡e¤ol Bhce Ae¤k¡¢u Eš² ¢ecÑnl f¢lhšÑe Lla
h¡ pÇf¥eÑ l©f lc Lla f¡lz
7) k¢c p¡hpLne 5 J p¡hpLne 6 Ae¤k¡u£ ¢ecÑn pÇfÑ¢La L¡-
e¡ Bhce n¡oL h¡ l¡SÉ plL¡ll L¡R Ll¡ qu prœ n¡oL Hhw l¡SÉ
plL¡l JC BhceL¡l£L h¡ a¡l E¢LmL a¡l pÇj¥M Ef¢ÙÛa bL ja¡ja
S¡e¡e¡l SeÉ c¡¢uaÆhÜ b¡Lhz k¢c L¡e¡ L¡le JC Bhce e¡LQ
Ll¡ qu, ah JC e¡LQl L¡le ¢m¢fhÜ l¡Ma qhz
4
Q, Describe the various constitutional provision for control of
environmental pollution

ü¡d£ea¡l fË¡‚¡m Ne f¢loc f¢lhn c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ hÉf¡l L¡e¡ …

l¦aÆ Bl¡f Ll¢ez pl¡p¢l L¡e¡ ¢ecÑn e¡ b¡LmJ ¢ecÑn¡aÆL e£
¢a, h¡ j±¢mL A¢dL¡ll jdÉ f¢lhn pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢hou fl¡ri¡h
A¿¹Ñi¥š² qu k¡uz djÑ¡¢dLleLJ HC pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢ecÑn cJu¡ b¡Lz
C¢af§hÑ CwlS Bjm i¡la ¢LR¥ fl¡r f¢lhn c§oe ¢eu¿»e e£¢a
haÑj¡e ¢Rm, pC e£¢a …¢mLC f¡bu Ll ü¡d£e¡šl i¡la f¢lhn
c§oe ¢eu¿»e Q¡m¤ Ll¡ quz f¢l hn pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢hou pðå B-
m¡Qe¡l fËu¡Se pw¢hd¡el ¢hno ¢LR¥ Awnl ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢h-
nÔoe fËu¡Se£u kje L) l¡SÉ J L¾cÊl jdÉ rja¡l h¾Ve M) ¢e-
cÑn¡aÆL e£¢a J j±¢mL LaÑhÉ N) j±¢mL A¢dL¡l O) pw
¢hd¡el 42 aj pwn¡de£ J P) Ae¤µRc 253 J f¢lhn pwœ²¡¿¹
BCe

l¡SÉ J L¾cÊl jdÉ rja¡l h¾Ve: pw¢hd¡el pçj ¢p¢XEm -

L¾cÊ J l¡SÉl rja¡l h¾Ve ¢eu Bm¡Qe¡ Ll¡ quRz kqa¥ p¡j
¢NËL i¡h f¢lhn L L¡e ¢hou ¢qph pw¢hd¡e A¿¹Ñi¥š² Ll¡ qu
¢e, pqa¥ ¢h¢iæ ¢houl jdÉ ¢e¢qa luR f¢lhnl a¡vfkÑz p§¢Q
1 h¡ kM¡e L¾cÊl rja¡d£e ¢hou A¿¹Ñi¥š², pM¡e Ae¤n¢š², ¢h
¢iæ l¡SÉl jdÉ f¢lhqe, S¡q¡S, °am n¡de¡N¡l, M¢e, ¢Lwh¡ M
¢eS âhÉ
Paper VI/Module 2/Continued

CaÉ¡¢c ¢houl hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡u f¢lhn c§oe ü¡i¡¢hL L¡leC Hp flz

HLC fËL¡l p§¢Q 2 AbÑ¡v l¡SÉl rja¡d£e ¢houl jdÉ Sep¡d¡elel
ü¡ÙÛ, L«¢o, Sm h¾Ve, pQ, fuxfËe¡m£ ¢h¢iæ i¡h f¢lhn
c§oel p¡b pÇfLÑk¤š²z p§Q£ 3 h¡ p¡d¡le ¢ho ul hý Awn kje
AleÉ, M¢eS Evf¡ce, h¡ SepwMÉ¡ f¢l hn c§oel ja ¢houl p‰
pÇfLÑ lM b¡Lz p¤¤al¡w Bjl¡ cMa f¡C f¢lhn c§oel ¢hl¦Ü -
L¾cÊ ab¡ ¢h¢iæ l¡SÉ hý BCel fËeue quRz ¢aJu¡l£ L¢j¢Vl
¢lf¡VÑ Ae¤k¡u£ haÑj¡e p¡l¡ i¡la fË¡u 500 ¢V f¢lhn pwœ²¡¿¹
BCe ¢hcÉj¡e k¡l jdÉ 17 ¢V BCe l¡SÉ BCez

5
M) ¢ecnÑ¡aÆL e£¢a J j±¢mL LaÑhÉ : i¡la£u pwÚ¢hd¡-
el Qa¥bÑ Awn heÑ£a l¡øÊ f¢lQ¡me¡u ¢e cÑn¡aÆL e£¢a pw
¢hd¡el AeÉaj °h¢nùÉz öd¤j¡œ hÉ¢š²l fËd¡e A¢dL¡l…¢m L
lr¡ Ll¡ eu, pj¡S f¢lhaÑel L¡kÑLl j¡dÉj ¢qph ¢ecÑn¡aÆL e£
¢a…¢m Ns EW¥L, HV¡C pw¢hd¡e fË ea¡l¡ Qu¢Rmez HC e£
¢a…¢m Bc¡ma ¢hQ¡lk¡NÉ e¡ qmJ HC e£¢apj¤q pwpc J
¢hd¡epi¡u p¡j¡¢SL J f¢l hn pwú¡lj¤mL BCe °a¢l Lla kbø
p¡q¡kÉ Ll b¡Lz ¢h¢iæ f¢lhn c§oe pwœ²¡¿¹ j¡jm¡u Bc¡ma
¢ecÑn¡aÆL e£¢a 48L, J J j±¢mL LaÑhÉ 51 L(R)
d¡l¡ hÉhq¡l Ll b¡Lz 48L ¢ecÑn¡aÆL e£¢a pðå pw¢hd¡e E-
õM Ll¡ BR k pjNË cnl f¢lhnl p¤¤lr¡ Hhw a¡l Eæ¢aL Òf, Hhw
HLC p¡b AleÉ, heÉS£h J heÉ E¢á cl pwlre l¡øÊ pQø b¡Lhz
¢ecÑn¡aÆL e£¢a kje l¡øÊl LjÑfËQø¡l A¿¹ÑNa plLj j±¢mL
LaÑhÉ qm fËaÉL e¡N¢lLl rœ fËk¡SÉz 51 L(R)-HC j±¢mL
LaÑhÉl ¢ecÑn hm¡ quR k fËaÉL e¡N¢lL fË¡L«¢aL f¢l hnl
AbÑ¡v AleÉ, qÊÊc, ecec£, J heÉ S£hS¿¹¥l p¤¤lr¡u J a¡l
p¡¢hÑL Eæ¢aL j±¢mL LaÑhÉ ¢qph NËqe Llhz

N) j±¢mL A¢dL¡l: pw¢hd¡el a«a£u Awn HC j±¢mL A

¢dL¡l pðå hm¡ quRz e¡N¢lLl j±¢mL A¢dL¡ll H¢š²u¡l Ae¤-
µRc 21 p¢hno EõMk¡NÉz HC Ae¤µRc e¡N¢lLl S£he J hÉ
¢š²Na ü¡d£ea¡ lr¡l Lb¡ hm¡ B Rz k¢c L¡e¡ Eæuel fËQø¡u
h¡ AeÉ L¡e¡ L¡le L¡e¡ hÉ¢š²l p¤¤ùi¡h hyQ b¡Lh¡l A¢dL¡l
MhÑ Ll¡ qu ah pC hÉ¢š² HC Ae¤µRcl j¡dÉj a¡l A¢dL¡l ¢gl fa
f¡lez ¢V c¡j¡cl l¡J Hl j¡jm¡, cl¡c¤e M¡c¡e j¡jm¡, h¡ ¢LwL¢l -
ch£ he¡j ¢qj¡Qm fË cn l¡SÉ j¡jm¡u HC Ae¤ µRc 21 Hl hÉhq¡l
mrÉ Ll¡ k¡uz HC fËp ‰ djÑ¡¢dLle l¡uc¡e Ll k f¢lhn c§oe qm
A¢a d£l ¢hofËu¡N qaÉ¡l p¡b a¥me£u Hhw H¢V j±¢mL A
¢dL¡l 21 L m´Oe Llz

O) pw¢hd¡el 42 aj pwn¡de£: 1976 p¡m pw¢hd¡el 42 aj

pwn¡de£ f¢lhn p¤¤lr¡u M¤hC …l¦aÆf§eÑ f¢lhšÑe H e¢Rmz
pw¢hd¡el lQe¡L¡m f¢lhn c§oel j¡L¡¢hm¡u ¢hnoi¡h L¡-
e¡ Ae¤µRc mM¡ qu ¢ez pC O¡¢V¢a f¤le Ll¡l Qø¡ Ll¡ qu HC
pw¢hd¡e pwn¡de£az j¤max ¢ae dlel f¢lhšÑe HM¡e
Be¡ quz L) 48L Ae¤ µRcl A¿¹Ñi¨¢š² kM¡e hm¡ qu k The state
shall endevour to
Paper VI/Module 2/Continued

protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the

forest and wildlife of the country M) 51L(R) Ae¤µRc kM¡e EõM
6
Ll¡ qu It shall be duty of every citizen of India to protect and
improve the natural environment including forest, lakes and
wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures N) pçj ¢p
¢XEml p§Q£ 3 H 17L J 17M Ae¤ µRcl A¿¹Ñi¨¢š² kM¡e AleÉL
Hhw heÉ S£hS¿¹¥ J f¡M£l p¤¤lr¡ L k±b ¢houl jkÑ¡c¡ cJu¡ q-
uRz

P) Ae¤µRc 253 J f¢lhn pwœ²¡¿¹ BCe: pw¢hd¡el HC

Ae¤µRc¢V f¢lhn p¤¤lr¡l p¡b pl¡p¢l L¡e¡ pÇfLÑ l¡M e¡,
¢L¿¹¥ HC Ae¤µRc¢Vl hm l¡øÊ L¡e¡ B¿¹ÑS¡¢aL Q¥¢š² j¡dÉj
¢ÙÛl qJu¡ ¢houl Efl cn£u BCe fËeue Ll¡l rja¡ ASÑe L lRz
1972 p¡m ØVLq¡j ¢hnÄ pÇjme Ae¤¢ùa qJu¡l fl plL¡l ¢WL Ll
k HC A¢ij¤M i¡lahoÑ BCe fËeue Ll¡ k¤¢š²k¤š²z a¡lC gmpË¥
¢a ül¦f 1981 p¡m h¡u¤ c§oe ¢eu¿»e BCe Hhw 1986 p¡ m f
¢lhn p¤¤lr¡ BCe fËeue Ll¡ quz HC c¤¢V BC el fËÙ¹¡he¡u
ØVLq¡j ¢hnÄ pÇjme ¢ÙÛl qJu¡ ¢ecÑnl EõM luRz