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M o n d a y, M a y 11 , 2 0 0 9

BIOLOGY SPM LEARNING

OBJECTIVE: FORM 5
CURRICULUM SPECIFICATIONS BIOLOGY
FORM 5

Learning Area
Learning Objectives
Learning outcomes

1 LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 1: TRANSPORT

1.1 Understanding the importance of
having a transport system in some
multicellular organisms
KB01/KB06
a) Identify the problems that could be
faced by multicellular organisms in
obtaining their cellular requirements and
getting rid of their waste products
b) Suggest how the problem is overcome
in multicellular organisms

1.2 Synthesising the concept of

circulatory system
KB04/KB06

a) State what a circulatory system is,

b) State the three components of
circulatory system in humans and
animals,
c) State the medium of transport in
humans and animals,
d) State the composition of human blood,
e) Explain the function of blood and
haemolymph in transport,
f) Describe the structure of human blood
vessels,
g) Explain how blood is propelled through
the human circulatory system,
h) Explain briefly how blood pressure is
regulated,
i) Compare and contrast the circulatory
systems in the following : humans, fish
and amphibians,
j) Conseptualise the circulatory system in
humans.

1.3 Understanding the mechanism of

blood clotting
KB01

a) Explain the necessity for blood

clotting at the site of damaged blood
vessels,
b) Explain the mechanism of blood
clotting,
c) Predict the consequences of impaired
blood clotting mechanism in an
individual.

1.4 Synthesising the concept of lymphatic

system
KB04

a) Describe the formation of interstitial

fluid,
b) State the composition of interstitial
fluid,
c) State the importance of interstitial
fluid
d) Describe the fate of interstitial fluid,
e) Describe the structure of lymphatic
system,
f) Explain how the lymphatic system
complements the circulatory system,
g) Compare the content of blood,
interstitial fluid and lymph,
h) Predict what will happen if interstitial
fluid fails to return to the circulatory
system,
i) Conceptualise the relationship
between the lymphatic system and
circulatory system

1.5 Understanding the role of the

circulatory system in body defence
mechanism
KB01

a) State another function of the

circulatory system besides transport
b) Identify the three lines of defence
mechanism of the body
c) Describe the process of phagocytosis
d) State the meaning of antigen and
antibody
e) State the meaning of immunity and
immunization
f) Relate antigen and antibody to
immunity
g) Name and give examples of various
types of immunity
h) State the effects of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the
body’s defence mechanism
i) Describe the transmission of
HIVSuggest ways to prevent the spread of
acquired AIDS

1.6 Appreciating a healthy cardiovascular

system
KB01

a) Select and practise suitable ways to

maintain a healthy cardiovascular
systems

1.7 Understanding the transport of

substances in plants
KB01/KB06

a) State the necessity for transport of

substances in plants,
b) Identify the vascular tissue in stem,
root and leaves
c) State the role of vascular tissue in the
transport of substances
d) Describe the structure of vascular
tissue
e) Relate the structure of xylem to
transport
f) Relate the structure of phloem to
transport
g) Predict the effect of removing a ring
of phloem
tissue from a plant

1.8 Synthesizing the concept of transport

of substances in plant
KB04/KB06

a) State what translocation is

b) Explain the importance of
translocation in plant
c) Describe the process of transpiration
d) Explain the importance of
transpiration
e) Describe the pathway of water from
the soil to the leaves
f) State external conditions affecting
transpiration
g) Design experiment to study factors
affecting the rate of transpiration
h) Explain the role of root pressure in the
movement of water in plant
i) Explain the rule of cohesion and
adhesion of water in the movement of
water in plant
j) Conceptualise the transport
mechanism in plant

2 LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 2:

LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT

2.1Understanding support and

locomotion in humans and animals
KB01/KB06

a) Explain the necessity for support and

locomotion in humans and animals
b) Describe problems that could be faced
by humans and animals in support and
locomotion
c) Explains how problems in support and
locomotion are overcome in humans and
animals
d) Name the bones that make up the
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
of the human body
e) Label the bones, the skeletal muscles
and tendons in diagram of the arm
f) Explain how movement is brought
about in a limb
g) State the function of cartilage and
synovial fluid at joints
h) Describe briefly the mechanism of
locomotion in an animal
i) State some consequences of impaired
musculoskeletal system on support and
locomotion

2.2 Appreciating a healthy

musculoskeletal
KB01

a) Practise ways to care for the

musculoskeletal system

2.3 Understanding support in plant

KB01/KB06

a) Explain the necessity for support in

plants
b) Explain how support is achieved in
aquatic plants
c) Explain how support in terrestrial
plants are achieved through tissue
modifications

3 LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 3:

COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

3.1 Understanding response and

coordination
KB01

a) List the changes in external and

internal environment faced by an
organism
b) State why organism have to be
sensitive to changes in internal and
external environment
c) Clarify through examples the meaning
of ‘stimulus’ and ‘response’
d) State the main component s and
pathways involved in detecting and
responding to changes in external
environment
e) State the main components and
pathways involved in detecting and
regulating changes in internal
environment
f) Clarify through examples the meaning
of ‘coordination’

3.2 Analysing the role of human nervous

system
KB03

a) State the role of nervous system

b) Draw and label a diagram to show
organisation of the nervous system
c) Name the main parts of the brain and
state their functions,
d) Draw and label the diagram of a cross
section of the spinal cord
e) State the main functions of the spinal
cord
f) Label the structure of an efferent
neurone
g) Identify the type of the neurone from
diagrams given
h) State the function of each type of
neurone
i) State the mode of transmission of
information along the neurone
j) Describe briefly the pathway of
transmission of information from
receptors to effectors
k) Draw and label a simple diagram of
synapse
l) Describe the transmission of
information across synapses
m) State the role of the synapse in
transmission
n) Give examples of voluntary action
o) Give examples of involuntary action
p) Outline the transmission of
information in voluntary action
q) Outline the transmission of
information in involuntary action
r) Draw a schematic diagram showing a
reflex arc
s) Give examples of nervous system
related diseases

3.3 Analysing the role of hormones in

humans
KB03

a) State what a hormones is

b) State what the endocrine system is
c) State why the endocrine system is
necessary
d) State physiological processes not
directly regulated by the nervous system
e) Describe how the endocrine system
complements the nervous systems
f) Label the main glands of the endocrine
systems
g) Name the main hormones produces by
each endocrine gland
h) State the functions of the hormones
involved in some physiological processes
i) Describe briefly how secretion of
hormone is regulated
j) Describe briefly coordination involving
both the nervous system and endocrine
system, in a ‘fight or flight’ situation
k) State the effects of hormonal
imbalance
l) State the use of hormone in medicine

3.4 Synthesising the concepts of

homeostasis in humans
KB04

a) Explain the necessity to maintain an

optimal physical and chemical condition
in the internal environment
b) State the meaning of homeostasis
c) Design an experiment to study the
effect of different quantities of water
intake on urine output
d) Relate changes in blood osmotic
pressure to urine output
e) Describe the formation of urine
f) Relate the formation of urine to
excretion
g) Describe briefly the mechanism of
osmoregulation
h) Predict the consequences of impaired
kidney function
i) Describe the regulation of blood sugar
level
j) Describe the regulation of body
temperature
k) Conceptualise homeostasis

3.5 Practising a healthy lifestyle

KB01

a) describe effects of drug and alcohol

abuse on humans,
b) explain the factors that can lead to
drug and alcohol abuse,
c) Practise a healthy lifestyle.

3.6 Understanding plant hormones

KB01/KB06

a) state what plant hormones are,

b) give some examples of plant
hormones,
c) infer the effects of auxins on growth
responses,
d) explain the role of auxins in tropism,
e) State the use of hormones in
agriculture.

LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 4:

REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

4.1 Analysing gamete formation

KB03

a) explain the necessity for organisms to

reproduce,
b) state types of reproduction,
c) explain the necessity for formation of
gametes,
d) describe formation of sperm in
human,
e) describe formation of ovum in human,
compare the formation of sperm with
that of ovum

4.2 Analysing the role of hormones in the

menstrual cycle
KB03

a) state what menstruation is,

b) relate menstruation to menstrual
cycle,
c) state the importance of the menstrual
cycle,
d) state the hormones involve in the
menstrual cycle,
e) relate hormonal levels to the
development of follicle, the process of
ovulation, and the formation of corpus
luteum,
f) relate hormonal levels to the changes
in thickness of the endometrium,
g) explain the role of hormone in
regulating the menstrual cycle,
h) state what premenstrual syndrome
(PMS) is,
state what menopause is.

4.3 Understanding the early development

of a zygote in humans.
KB01

a) Describe what fertilisation is,

b) Describe in simple terms the early
development of a zygote,
c) Name the two main stages in
development of a zygote in preparation
for implantation,
d) Describe the formation of twins,
e) Compare identical twins with fraternal
twins,
f) State the functions of the placenta in
foetal development,
g) Explain the advantages of fetus having
a separate circulatory system from that
of the mother.

4.4 Appreciating the contribution of

science and technology to human
reproduction.
KB01

a) Explain the contribution of science

and technology to human reproduction,
b) Explain some morale issues related to
the application of science and technology
to human reproduction
c) What sexually transmitted diseases
are,
d) Give examples of sexually transmitted
diseases.

4.5 Synthesising the concept of sexual

reproduction in flowering plants
KB04/KB06

a) Identify male and female structures in

a flower,
b) Describe the formation of pollen
grains,
c) Describe the formation of the embryo
sac in the ovule,
d) Describe the formation of pollen tube,
e) Describe the formation of zygote,
f) Describe the formation of triploid
nucleus,
g) Conceptualise double fertilisation,
h) Relate the structure of a fruit to the
flower parts,
i) Explain the importance of double
fertilisation for the survival of flowering
plants.

4.6 Understanding growth in

multicellular organisms
KB01

a) Explain briefly the necessity for

growth in organisms
b) Explain what growth is,

4.7 Understanding the growth curve

KB01/KB06

a) Identify the parameters used in the

measurement of growth,
b) Describe the sigmoid growth curve of
an organism,
c) Relate the shape of the growth curve
to the growth phases of an organism,
d) Explain the shape of the growth curve
of an insect.

4.8 Understanding primary and secondary

growth in plants.
KB03

a) State the types of growth in plants

b) State what primary and secondary
growth are,
c) Name the tissue involved in primary
and secondary growth
d) State the location of the tissue
involved in primary and secondary
growth,
e) Explain the importance of the primary
growth,
f) Explain the importance of secondary
growth,
g) Compare and contrast plants that
undergo secondary growth with plants
that do not undergo secondary growth,
h) State the economic importance of
plants that undergo secondary growth

5 LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 5: INHERITANCE

5 .1 Synthesising the concept of

inheritance based on Mendel’s
experiment.
KB04/KB06

a) State what is meant by inheritance

b) Differentiate traits from characters
c) Identify characters and traits in
Mendel’s experiments
d) State that there is a hereditary factors
that determines a particular character
e) Identify dominant and recessive traits
f) Explain genes and alleles
g) Explain dominant alleles and recessive
alleles
h) State the meaning of phenotype
i) State the meaning of genotype
j) Relate allele combination to genotype
k) Relate phenotype to genotype
l) State the meaning of homozygote and
heterozygote
m) Determine the phenotypic ratio of the
first filial generation
n) Determine the genotypic ratio of the
first filial generation and second filial
generation
o) State the meaning of monohybrid
inheritance
p) Conceptualise Mendel’s First Law
q) State the meaning of “dihybird
inheritance”
r) Conceptualise Mendel’s Second Law

5.2 Understanding inheritance

KB01

a) State the blood groups in the ABO

systems and Rhesus factor in humans
b) Explain the inheritance of ABO blood
groups in humans
c) Differentiate autosomes from sex
chromosomes
d) Identify the different human
karyotypes
e) Explain sex determination in off-
springs
f) Explain sex-linked inheritance using
examples
g) Describe heredity disease

5.3 Understanding genes and

chromosomes
KB01

a) State the unit of inheritance

b) State the location of genes
c) Describe the structure of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
d) Describe in simple terms the
manifestation of a trait of an organism
from the basic unit of inheritance
e) Explain briefly the importance of
genetics to mankind
f) Describe the application and abuse of
knowledge in genetics
g) Argue on the need for ethics and
moral in the application of genetics

6LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 6: VARIATION

6.1 Understanding variation in organism.

KB01/KB06

a) state the important of variation in

organism
b) give example of variation in humans,
c) state the types of variation,
d) Compare continuous variation with
discontinuous variation

6.2 Undersatnding the caurses of

variation.
KB01/KB06

a) state the factors causing variation,

explain the effects of genetic factors on
variation
b) explain the effects of environmental
factors on variation,
c) explain the effects of the interaction
between genetic factor and
environmental factors on variation,
d) explain the mutation ,
e) Explain the important of variation in
the survival of a species.

6.3 Be respectful towards one another

this part variation
KB01/KB06

a) Accept that people are different,

b) Respect each other.

MOHD TAIB at 10:17 PM

1 comment:

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