AN OVERVIEW OF DESIGN AIDS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. GENERAL STEEL STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
x
4. STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. SPECIALIZED STRUCTURAL DESIGN GUIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. ARCHITECTURAL AND DOMESTIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8. FABRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10. COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
11. COMPOSITE DESIGN SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12. SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
13. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
14. MEMBER / JOINT DESIGN CHECKING SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15. COSTING SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
16. STRUCTURAL MODELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
17. PURLINS AND GIRTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
18. CIDECT PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
19. MATERIAL & PRODUCT CATALOGUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
20. AS/NZS STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
21. HERA STRUCTURAL PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
22. STEEL CONSTRUCTION JOURNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
23. WEBSITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Please note that a number of the publications

contained in this summary were the result of
research and developmentcarried outby BHPand
the printed form may display the BHP logo. With
the spin off of Onesteel and subsequent BHP
restructuring, itislikely thatprinted bookletswith
the BHP logo may no longer be available. It is to
be hoped thatthe resultsof the valuable work will
still be available in alternate forms in the future.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 2

 An Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork
Peter Kneen
National Manager Technology
Australian Institute of Steel Construction
1. INTRODUCTION
The Australian Institute of Steel Construction was
formed in 1967 and is Australia’s premier technical
marketingorganizationrepresenting companiesand
individuals involved in steel manufacture,
fabrication, design, detailing and construction. Its
mission is to promote the efficient and economical
use of structural steel in the construction industry.
Part of its work is to conduct technical seminars,
educational lectures and to publish and market
technical design aids.
The AISC is also actively involved with Standards
Australia on numerouscode committeesin areasthat
impacton steelstructures. The engineering designof
steel structures is driven by the appropriate design
code of the day. We have witnessed the transition
from a permissible or working stress design code to
the current limit states code AS 4100. Many of the
earlier AISC’s publications were published to assist
consultants and industry understand and utilize the
new code requirements. The AISC publications are
availablebypurchasing throughthe AISCBookshop
at a considerable discount to AISC members.
The AISC maintains a comprehensive
zvzxvzxvzlibrary at its
head office and thisresource isoften used to respond
to technical enquiries by its members. AISC
members are encouraged to visit the library.
The AISChasbeen supported in partbymembership
duesbutsignificantly by generous sustaining grants
from BHPand more recently both BHPandOneSteel
along with Ajax Fasteners, Bisalloy Steels, Palmer
Tube Mills and Fielders Steel Roofing. These
organizations have also published design related
material, some of which is available through the
AISC.Whereappropriate, theAISCpublicationcode
is given.
In this paper, the various publications of the AISC
and its sustaining members have been grouped as
follows:
! General steel structures
! Design capacity Tables
! Structural connections
! Specialized structural design guides
! Fire Engineering
3 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
! Architectural and domestic
! Fabrication and General references
! Composite construction
! Purlins and Girts
! Composite Software
! Commercial software
! CIDECT publications
! Technical papers in Steel Construction
! Australian and New Zealand Standards
! Websites
This paper is a snapshot at this point in time of the
main local design aids. This work will be placed on
the AISC website with a view to maintaining an up
to date reference source for itsmembers. The writer
apologizes for any omissions from this paper but
would be pleased to receive factual product
descriptions so that the future web version of this
publication can be maintained.
There has been a significant trend over the past two
years for major companies to turn to the internetfor
storing valuable product and design related data.
Several companies such as BHP, OneSteel, Ajax,
Palmer Tube Mills, The Graham Group and
Industrial Light Beams to produce CDROMS with
design aids and “printed” documentation included.
Most design aids available on CDROM are in the
form of spreadsheets compatible with Microsoft
Excel. Existing books are being puton CDin a form
that preserves the original formatting. The most
common method is to use PDF (Portable Document
Format) files. The PDF files can be viewed on any
computer (eg PC, Mac, Unix) using the Adobe
Acrobat Reader which is normally included on the
CD, or can be downloaded from the web. The reader
can be used to navigate through the documentsusing
pre-- established bookmarks, or by searching. Pages
can also be printed.
It is likely that all future books will be at least
available electronically and the AISC is gradually
moving in that direction as well.
Other software design aids may be more complex
than a spreadsheet and are available as a licensed
package.
2. GENERAL STEEL STRUCTURES
2.1. Economical Structural Steelwork
4th edition 1997
AISC
81 Pages
This publication aims
to supply the necessary
information on the
components thatmake
up the cost of fabri-
cated steel.
AISC Code 175
It also shows how the decisions made at the design
stage can influence these costs. It is not a design
manual but rather a guide that considersfrom a cost
point of view all the matters that a structural steel
designer should consider by taking into account
current fabrication practices and material/labour
relationships in the steel industry.
The fourth edition has substantially adopted the
rationalised approach to the costing of fabricating
steel by using a cost per metre for sections and cost
per square metre for platesdepending on the size, in
lieu of the cost per tonne method.
Adherence to the principles outlined in this
publication will do much to assist designers in
reaching decisions that will lead to effective and
economic structures.
Contents:1) Preliminary Considerations;2) General
Factors Affecting Economy; 3) Framing Concepts
and Connection Types; 4) Industrial Building; 5)
Commercial Buildings; 6) Bolting; 7) Welding; 8)
Detailing for Economy; 9) References & Further
Reading; 10) Standards, Index.
2.2. Australian Steel Detailers’ Handbook
AISC Code 430
AISC First Edition, Sec-
ond Printing 2001
The purpose of thisHand-
book is to provide suffi-
cient information for a
trainee structural steel de-
tailer to learn the funda-
mentals of how to detail
most members and con-
nections in a simple steel--
framed building.
zxvzxvzxv
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
The textincludesageneralsectionon computeraided
drafting butisbasicallywritten fromthe viewpointof
traditional manual drafting. The reader is assumed
not to be an engineer and some engineering
fundamentals are included to help in understanding
the procedures.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Structural Steel; 3)
Drafting Equipment and Drafting Practices; 4)
Arrangementand DetailDrawings;5)Fundamentals
of StructuralEngineering;6) Bolting;7) Welding;8)
Standardised Structural Connections;9) Beamsand
Girders;10) Columns;11) Trusses;12) Bracing;13)
Purlins, Girts and Eaves Struts; 14) Portal Frames;
15) Stairways; 16) Detailing for Economy; 17)
References; Appendix A - Fabrication of structural
steelwork; Appendix B - Sample project drawings.
2.3. The Behaviour & Design of Steel
Structures to AS4100
3rd edition 1998
N.S. Trahair and
M.A. Bradford
455 Pages
AISC Code 230
This reference book will prove to be invaluable for
practicing structural engineers and undergraduate/
graduate engineering studentsinvolved instructural
steelrelated subjects. Topicspresented include:loads
on structures;materialpropertiesof structuralsteels;
behaviour of members subject to tension,
compression,in-- planebendingandtorsion;in-- plane
behaviour; lateral buckling; biaxial bending of
members subject to both transverse and axialloads;
rigid-- jointed frames; and the behaviour of
connections.
The updated third edition provides an excellent
background to understanding the behaviour of steel
structures and the relationship to the design
provisions of AS 4100-- 1990. Previous editions of
thepublicationhad alsoincorporated informationon
the relevant British and American Standards which
have nowbeen replaced with further material on the
Australian designStandard. Thiswillprovidegreater
clarity and further helpful material.
Worked and unworked (ie solutions only) examples
are provided and a comprehensive subject index is
included.
4
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Tension Members; 3)
Compression Members; 4) Local Buckling of Thin
Plate Elements; 5) In-- plane Bending of Beams; 6)
Lateral Buckling of Beams; 7) Beam-- columns; 8)
Frames; 9) Connections; 10) Torsion Members;
Index.
2.4. Worked Examples for Steel
Structures 3rd edition 1997
Bradford M.A.,
Bridge R.Q.,
Trahair N.S.
88 Pages
AISC Code 200
The first two editions of Worked Examples to AS
4100 have established it as a fundamental teaching
tool for both students and designers of steel
structures. Thisthird edition retainsthe same format
and content of the last edition updated for current
steel grades and Standards. Worked Examples is
written by prominent members of the Standards
Australia committee which prepared AS 4100 and
provides an extensive series of worked examples
whichdemonstratetheapplicationofthe memberand
the connector design rules. Each example makes
reference to relevantAS4100 clause numbers, other
publications where appropriate, cross references to
other worked examples in the publication, and
inclusion of data from the AISC Design Capacity
Tables for Structural Steel, 2nd edition, Volume 1 -
Open Sections to showthe typicalapplication of the
tables to steel design.
The newedition incorporatesAmendments1,2 and3
to AS 4100 as well as changesto the base steelgrade
of OneSteel, formerly BHP, hot-- rolled steelsections
to a base Grade 300. Worked Examples for Steel
Structures will continue to be a current and
comprehensive teaching tool for the limit states
design of steel structures to AS 4100, and will
continue to assist both designers and students alike.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) General
Design Requirements; 4) Methods of Structural
Analysis; 5) Members Subject to Bending; 6)
Members subjects to Compression; 7) Members
subjectto Tension;8) Memberssubjectto Combined
Actions; 9) Connectors; References.
5 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
2.5. Steel Designers’ Handbook 6th
edition 1996
Gorenc B., Tinyou R.,
Syam A.
Published by
University of New
South Wales Press
334 Pages
AISC Code 220
The Previous five editions of the publication have
generally been considered a valuable and practical
text on the permissible stress design of steel
structures. The sixth edition sees a major revision in
design philosophy to embrace the limit statesdesign
method of Australian Standard AS 4100-- 1990. The
publication continues the theme of providing a
practical insight to the theoretical background,
Standard requirementsand techniquesfor thedesign
of structural elements for a wide range of steel
structures - in this instance to AS 4100. Significant
coverage isgiven to member and connection design
to Section 4 to 9 of AS 4100 with also some
consideration given to the other limit states of the
Standard. A large range of numerical examplesand
illustrations are included to assist the student and
practising engineer.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Material & Design
Requirements; 3) Design Loads; 4) Structural
Analysis; 5) Beams & Girders; 6) Compression
Members; 7) Tension Members; 8) Connections;9)
Plastic Design; 10) Structural Framing;APPENDIX
2.6. Design of Portal Frame Buildings
S Woolcock,
S Kitipornchai,
M Bradford.
3rd Edition 1999
320 Pages
AISC Code 180
In the Australian context, thispublication isregarded
asone of the mostpracticalpublicationson thedesign
of steel portal framed buildings. The genesis of this
work wasnoted ina non-- technicalpaper presentedin 2.7. Portal Frame Design Charts
October 1985 which considered some grey areason
the topic. This wasthen followed by the publication 1st edition 1991
ofadesignhandbookon steelportalframedbuildings 111 Pages
initially based on a permissible stress design
approach and subsequently three limit statesdesign S. Kitipornchai,
editions were published. L.W. Blinco,
zxvzxv S.E. Grummitt
The limit states editions are based on AS 4100.
Through an evolving process, the recently released
third edition hasbeen completely rewritten to reflect
zxvzxvzxvzxv
changes that have occurred in the industry as wellas
in associated Standards and design aids. These
include: AISC Code 190
! the change in basic steel grade from 250
MPa to 300 MPa This publication will be a useful design aid for
! changes in loading Standards - e.g. changes structuralengineersand studentsalike. It assistssteel
in roof wind loads in Amendment No.2 to designers in arriving at a cost-- effective structural
AS 1170 solution to satisfy functionalrequirementsfor portal
frame buildings. The publication complementsthe
! reflecting on the change in the design code
AISC book Limit State Design of Portal Frame
for cold-- formed steel structures to limit
Buildings by providing easy-- to-- use charts for the
states principles (i.e. from AS 1538 to
preliminary selection of Universal Beams (grade
AS/NZS 4600)
250) andWelded Beams(grade 300)for columnsand
! reference to, and use of, the recently released raftersof pinned base steelportalframes. The bookis
limit states purlin and girt design tables from notintended for use in finaldesign butrather tostudy
Lysaght and Stramit the effectof variationsin frame spacing, section size,
! a new chapter on design of portal framed eavesheight, rafter pitch and haunching of the rafter
buildings with overhead travelling cranes and for rapidly checking existing designs.
(including crane runway girders and A proforma portal frame design sheet is supplied in
monorail beams) table format. Worked examples are provided to
! design of footings and slab-- on-- ground for illustrate the typical application of the design charts
foundationsfor steelportal framed buildings. and the use of the proforma.
Design capacity tables provided in the third edition Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Portal Frame
(and not released elsewhere) include: Parameters; 3) Loading; 4) Strength and
! top flange and above top flange loading of Serviceability Limit States; 5) Analysis; 6)
crane runway girders (composed of standard Procedure for Using Design Charts; 7) Design
combinations of UBs and WBs with PFC top Examples; APPENDICES: A) Design Charts, B)
flange channels) Worked Examples, C) Preliminary Portal Frame
! monorail beams (UB and WB) Design Sheet
! CHS and SHS roof and wall bracing struts
(e.g. which account for the effect of
self-- weight bending and axialcompression).
As with the popular previous editions, the third
edition considers all aspects of the design of portal
framed buildings - ie limitstates design philosophy,
load evaluation, structural analysis, cladding,
purlin/girt systems, primary structure - rafter,
columns and bracing, connections, materials
handling structure and foundations. Based on these
issues, a substantial worked example is developed
through publication.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 6

3. DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES
3.1. Design Capacity Tables for Structural
Steel
1st Edition 1991
AISC 424 Pages
The first edition of the
Design Capacity Tables
for StructuralSteel isstill
an important reference
book for steel users of
today. It contains limit
states design capacities
to AS4100 in similar for-
mat to that of the second
edition.
AISC Code 110
This edition contains steel grades and section sizes
not included in Volume 1 of the second edition,
including Grade 250 and 350 for all the hot-- rolled
sections, and the discontinued large universalbeams
and columns. An essential publication for those
checking steel in existing structures.
Contents: 1) Section Properties; 2) Design Action
Effects;3) MemberssubjecttoBending;4)Members
zxvzxvzxvzxvzxv
subjectto AxialCompression;5) Memberssubjectto
Axial Tension; 6) Members subject to combined
Actions;7) Connections;8) Detailing parameters;9)
Floor Plates; 10) Rails; 11) Gantry Girder
3.2. Design Capacity Tables for Structural
Steel 3rd Edition 1999
Volume 1:
Open Sections
AISC - 298 Pages
Regarded as a ”must
have”designaid forengi-
neers, designers,fabrica-
tors and other specifiers
of structural steel.
AISC Code 122
The Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel,
(DCT) provides information for the design and
detailing of structural steel members and
connections. Data is presented in the limit states
format of AS 4100.
Thisvolume of the DCT containsinformation on the
readily available range of ”open” structural steel
sections (WB,WC, UB, UC, PFC, TFC, TFB, EA &
7 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
UA). Also included are Grade 300PLUSt , the new
”Lean Beams”, and incorporation of Amendments1
and 2 to AS 4100. Significant enhancements have
beenmade tothe secondedition, includingimproved
table layout and easy to read design curves.
Data in the DCT includes: dimensions and section
properties; design section capacities; values for fire
design;and design capacitiesfor members subjectto
bending, shear, bearing, axial compression, axial
tension and combined actions. Also included are
design capacities for bolts, welds and floor plates;
elastic buckling loads;detailing parameters;section
properties for gantry girders and rails; and useful
tables for angles subjects to flexural loadings about
their rectangular axes (restrained and unrestrained)
and angles in trusses.
Sections are colour coded for quick and easy
reference.Informativetextisincludedin eachsection
explaining the use of the tables, the relevantclauses
of AS 4100, the method used to generate the tables
and worked examples on the tables.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) Section
Properties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5)
Members subject to Bending 6) Members subjectto
Axial Compression 7) Members subject to Axial
Tension 8) Memberssubjectto combined Actions9)
Connections 10) Detailing Parameters 11) Floor
Plates 12) Rails 13) Gantry Girders
3.3. Design Capacity Tables for Structural
Steel 2nd edition 1999
Volume 2: Hollow
Sections. AISC 238 Pages
An invaluable tool for
structural designers, the
2nd edition of Design Ca-
pacity TablesforStructural
Steel, Volume 2: Hollow
Sections (DCTv2ed2) is
the most comprehensive
set of member design aids
for structural steel hollow
sections (CHS, RHS SHS).
AISC Code 140
The publication is in limit states format to AS
4100-- 1998: Steel Structuresand iscomplementary
to Volume 1: Open Sections in the AISC DCT
publication series.
Due to the growing popularity of hollow section
construction there been a significant increase in the
range and associated gradesof thissection type. The
DCTv2ed2 providesup-- to-- date information on the
full range of Australian manufactured hollow
sectionscomplying with AS1163. Additionally, the
1998 version of AS 4100 included some significant
changes to the hollow section design provisions.
These changes have also been incorporated in
DCTv2ed2.
Other features of DCTv2ed2 include tables
associated with section properties, surface areas,
telescoping sections, maximum design loads for
simply supported beams with full lateral restraint,
design section moment (including torsion) and web
capacities, design moment capacities for members
without full lateral restraint and design member
capacities in axial compression/tension. The text
includesdata used to generatethe tables,information
relevant to common applications, useful examples
and notingof clauses/equationsin AS4100 whichare
specific to hollow sections.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) Section
Properties; 4) Methods of Structural Analysis; 5)
MembersSubjectto Bending;6)MembersSubjectto
AxialCompression;7) MembersSubjectto Tension;
8) Members Subject to Combined Actions; 9)
Connections.
4. STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS
zxvzxvzxv
4.1. Bolting of Steel Structures
3rd edition 1990
Firkins A., Hogan T.J.
56 Pages.
Bolts are widely used
for connections in steel
structures due to their
efficiency and economy.
AISC Code 100
Described as a publication that ”gives you the good
oilon boltsby a couple of nuts”, thisbook coversthe
many aspects of the bolting of steel structures.
Information on the design, detailing and
specification of bolts, nuts and washers ispresented.
Now in its third edition, Bolting of Steel Structures
providesdesign information based on the limitstates
format of AS 4100.
Using easy to follow tables and diagrams, the topics
covered included:( i) commonlyspecified bolttypes
and their characteristics; ( ii ) methods of
identification; ( iii ) design capacities for bolts in
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
shear, tension, and combined shear and tension;( iv )
detailing information (e.g. nominal bolt lengths,
thread lengths, thread runs outs, etc.) ; ( v ) methods
of installation; and ( vi ) methodsand guidance for
selecting corrosion prevention systems. A subject
index is included.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Scope; 3)
Characteristics of Structural Bolts; 4) Bolting
Categories; 5) Design of Bolts; 6) Bolt Length
Selection; 7) Detailing; 8) Installation of Bolts; 9)
Corrosion Protection; 10) Economical Design and
Detailing; 11) Summary of Bolt Usage; 12)
References;APPENDICES:A)Detailsofcommonly
used bolts nuts and washers, B) Details of special
bolts nuts and washers, C) Design capacities -
strength limit state, D) Design Capacities -
Serviceability limit state, E) Design Capacities -
fatigue limit state.
4.2. Standardised Base Plate and Holding
Down Bolt System - Speedibolt
“Footipak”
Footipak is a joint initiative between AISC and
Speedibolt (Geebung, Qld) for a standardised
basplate and holting down system for the Australian
market. The concept involves pre-- manufactured
items as stock items in a kit form. Each kit has base
plate, HD bolts, WebLok cage, nuts, washers and a
timber template. The WebLok cage is a galvanised
strip which may be easily wrapped around the HD
boltsinsitu and readily adjusted to avoid reinforcing
or other services.
The design modelisbased on the AISC Column Base
Plate - Pinned Type Connection using the yoeld line
method. Kits are available for hollow steel sections
as well as for open sections.
Details of the Footipak system will be incorporated
in the next edition of the AISC Standard
Connections. Current details can be found from the
website www.speedibolt.com
4.3. Standardized Plate Components
A potential source for these is at
www.e-- steel.com.au
8
4.4. Design of Structural Connections Theirsmoothcleanlinesand engineeringefficiencies
provide great appeal.
4th edition 1994 339Pages
However, despite the increased use of SSHSinrecent
Hogan T.J., Thomas I.R.
years and significant research undertaken (e.g. for
See also corrigenda on
welded joints in trusses), little attention has been
AISC website.
AISC Code 160 given to the design of SSHS connections in
”non-- architectural” structures - particularly in the
Codes for design of steel Australian context.
structures primarily deal In recognising this situation, AISC has published
with member design and Design of Structural Steel Hollow Section
provide only the basic in- Connections (DHSC), Volume 1: Design Models.
formation for fastener and The types of connections considered in the DHSC
overallconnection design. include:base plate;side plate;bracing cleat;flattened
This publication supplements these codes by end; welded tee end; slotted end plate; mitred knee;
providing rational design models for a range of the Y & T welded; X welded; K & N gap; and K & N
commonly specified connections in structural overlap. The DHSC is a specialist publication for
steelwork that are presently used in Australia. SSHSconnections which reflects the current state of
Edition 4 is to the limit states Standard AS 4100, knowledge of such connection behaviour.
maintaining a similar format to previous working
stresseditions. Mostconnectionsrelate tohot-- rolled The publication contains information on general
I and channel sections. design and detailing parameters, referenced
Standardsand design models. The generalformatof
Flexible connections (angle seat, bearing pad, each design model includes diagrams and notation
flexible end plate, angle cleat, web side plate, stiff defining the joint, listing ofvariousreferenceswhich
seat, bracing cleat), rigid connections (welded developed the design model, additionalnotes on the
moment and bolted moment end plate), splices application of the model, a description of various
(welded and bolted) and base plates (pinned) are design action effects acting on the connection, the
considered. The publication has an accompanying design model and substantial worked examples to
commentary which detailszxvzxvzxv
the research and basisof illustrate the use of the design model. It is believed
each connection’s models. that the DHSC will fill a real need in the design
Contents:1) Introduction;2) Notation;3) Design of community for practical connections for SSHS.
Connection Elements; 4) Design Models for Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Design parameters;3)
Connections; 5) Commentary; 6) References; Base Plate; 4) Cap Plate; 5) Side Plate; 6) Bracing
APPENDICES: A) Design Aids - Bolts and Bolt Cleat;7) Flattened End-- CHS;8) Welded Tee End;9)
Groups; B) Design Aids - Welds and Weld Groups; Slotted End Plate; 10) Mitred Knee; 11) Y & T
C) Gauge Lines for Sections; D) Formulae for Connections; 12) X Connections 13) K & N Gap
Section Propertiesof Single Web Coped I-- Sections; Connections; 14) K & N Overlap Connections; 15)
E) Design Aids for Recommended Design Models; Appendix A: Recommended Weld Details
F) Formulae for Section Properties of I-- Sections
with Holes;G) Projected Area of Overlapping Stress 4.6. Standardised Structural Connections
Cones for Anchor Bolt Groups; H) User’s Guide for
Computer Program ”LIMCON” 3rd edition 1985
AISC 68 Pages
4.5. Design of Structural Steel Hollow
Section Connections AISC Code 360
1stedition 1996 256Pages
Volume 1:Design Models One of the prime objec-
tives of the manual is to
Syam, A.A., minimise the possible de-
Chapman, B.G. tailconfigurationsofcon-
AISC Code 170 nections by providing
only one basic detailcon-
Structural Steel Hollow taining all essential ele-
Section (SSHS) have been mentsforeachconnection
used by designers for type.
many years.

9 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

 zxvzxvzxvxzvzxv
This publication provides standard details for the
details for the commonly specified structural steel
connections. Information such as standardised
parameters, standard connection components and
their designations, bolting layouts, detail drawings
and safe load tablesof jointsare presented in an easy
to follow table and diagram format for each
connection. The safe load tables were calculated
using the design models in the AISC publication
Design of StructuralConnections(third edition) and
thus are based on the working stress design method.
Standard connections considered include: flexible
(angle seat, bearing pad, flexible end plate, angle
cleat, web side plate), rigid (fully welded, bolted
moment end plate) and splices (bolted, welded).
Some information is also provided on purlin cleats
and column base plates. The details provided have
beenacceptableto designers,fabricatorsanderectors
for a number of years.
Note This edition is based on the working stress
design method. Only photocopies are available.
Contents: 1) Preliminary Considerations; 2)
Standard Parameters; 3) Standard Connection
Components;4) Gauge Lines; 5) Coping; 6) Bolting
Layout; 9) Standard Connection Designations; 10)
Values of Vmin; 11) Brief Commentary on
Connection Types; 12) Standard Flexible
Connections; 13) Standard Rigid Connections; 14)
Splices; 15) Purlin Cleats; 16) Column Base Plates;
17) Additional Uses for Standard Components;18)
Connection Variants for RHS and CHS; 19) Further
Reading
NOTE: AISC expects to publish a Limit States
Version of Standardised Connections late in 2001
5. SPECIALIZED STRUCTURAL
DESIGN GUIDES
Please note that a number of the following
publications were the result of research and
developmentcarriedoutbyBHPandthe printedform
may display the BHP logo. With the spin off of
Onesteel and subsequent BHP restructuring, it is
likely that printed booklets with the BHP logo may
no longer be available. Itisto be hopedthattheresults
of the valuable work willstillbe available in alternate
forms in the future.
5.1. Crane Runway Girders 2001
Limit States Design
Gorenc B.E.
Approximate publication date - August 2001
For crane runway girdersthe designer mustconsider
the interaction of the mechanical (crane) and
structural (supporting) systems.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
xzvzxv VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
The aim of this publication is to gather some of the
relatively recent information on the subject and to
highlightthose areas of the design of crane runaway
girders(fortop runningcranes) whichdiffer fromthe
familiar design routinesof steelstructures. The main
emphasis is placed on the special nature and
combination of crane loads resulting from crane
operation, on analysis and detail design of the top
flange area, and on the design of those parts of the
building directly adjacentto cranerunway girders.A
section index is included.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Runway and Crane
System;3) Classification of Cranesand Runways;4)
Crane Loads; 5) Structural Analysis; 6) Design
Procedure; 7) Design for Fatigue Resistance; 8)
Deflection Limits; 9) Detail Design; 10) Rails and
Accessories; 11) Materials, Fabrication,
Workmanship and Tolerances; 13) Inspection and
Maintenance; Appendices: Glossary, References.
zxvzxv
5.2. Crane Runway Girders 1983
Gorenc B.E.
zxvzxv 54 Pages
AISC Code 340
For crane runwaygirders
thedesigner mustconsid-
er the interaction of the
mechanical (crane) and
structural (supporting)
systems. Working stress
design method.
The design of these members is notfully covered in
either the working stress Steel Structures Code (AS
3990/ AS 1250) or the Crane Code (AS 1418) -
although both codesprovide muchguidance onhow
to deal with individual design aspectsof the system.
This publication gathers information on the subject
and highlights those areas of the design of crane
runawaygirders(fortoprunningcranes)whichdiffer
from the familiar design routinesof steelstructures.
The main emphasisisplacedon thespecialnatureand
combination of crane loads resulting from crane
operation, on stress analysis and detaildesign of the
top flange area, and on the design of those partsofthe
building directly adjacentto cranerunway girders.A
section index is included.
Contents:1) Concepts; 2) Loads; 3) Design of Crane
Runaway Girders;4) Rails;5) Supporting Structure;
6)Fabricationand Maintenance;7) DesignExample;
8)References;APPENDICES:A) Enquiry/Orderfor
supply of crane, B) Survey results - crane girder and
rails
10
5.3. Design of Cold-- Formed Steel 5.4. Structural Design of Steel Bins for
Structures 3rd edition 1997 Bulk Solids - 1983
Trahair N.S.,
Hancock G.J.
Irvine H.M.,
240 Pages
Ansourian P.,
AISC Code 150
Rotter J.M., Abel A.
This book explainsthe
background to the de- 1983 - 30 Pages
AISC Code 370
sign rules of AS/NZS
4600:1996 - Cold--
This publication is con-
Formed Steel Struc-
tures which is in limit cerned with thestructural
behavior, analysis and
states format.
design of axisymmetric
steel bins for bulk solids.
As cold-- formed members are usually thinner than
Based on the working stress method of design, the
hot-- rolled members structural stability has to be topics considered in this publication include:
checked more thoroughly by the designer. Thebook suggestions for load determination; a discussion on
examines the buckling of cold-- formed membersin linear analysis of steel bins; the application of the
detail. results of linear analysis to design against yielding;
The third edition includes the latest developmentsin a summaryof bucklingbehavior ofsteelbinelements
cold-- formedsteeldesign.Though basedon the1996 under variousloading situations;and suggestionsfor
edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute designing against buckling and combined yielding
(AISI) Specification for the Design ofCold-- Formed and buckling.
Steel StructuralMembers, there are some additional Additionalinformation is also presented on analysis
rulesthathave been included in AS/NZS4600:1996 for earthquake loading (to AS 2121) and design
which are not contained in the AISI document. The againstfatigue andfracture. Extensive referencesare
new rules include unstiffened elements with stress provided for further reading.
gradient, distortional
zxvzxv buckling of beams and
Contents:1) Introduction;2) Materials;3) Loads;4)
columns, use of high strength steels (G450, G500,
Supporting Structures;5) StressDistribution in Steel
G550), earthquake provisions and blind riveted
Bins;6) Design Against Yielding;7) Design Against
connections.Furtherinformationisgivenon thelimit
Buckling;8) Design AgainstYielding and Buckling;
states design of rack systems. Detailed examples
9)AnalysisforEarthquake Loading;10) Fatigue;11)
consider practicaldesign situationsand arepresented
Brittle Fracture and Lamellar Tearing; 12)
in a simple format.
References; 13) Notation
Regardedasan authoritativecommentary toAS/NZS
Note: Spon Press have published (2001) a new
4600:1996, this publication will greatly assist
book by Prof Rotter, Guide for the Economic
practitioners and students in understanding the
Design of Circular Metal Silos. In addition to
behaviour and design of cold-- formed steel
structural design requirements (slanted towards
structures.
Eurocode requirements), the booklooksatloadings,
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials and Cold analysis and failures of silos.
Work of Forming; 3) Buckling Modes of zxvxzv
5.5. Floor Vibration in Buildings - Design
Thin-- Walled Members in Compression and
Bending;4) Stiffened and UnstiffenedCompression Methods - 1990
Elements; 5) Beams, Purlins and Bracing; 6) Webs; Murray T.M.
7) CompressionMembers;8)MembersinCombined 20 Pages
Axial Load and Bending; 9) Connections; 10) AISC Code 400
Frames; 11) Steel Storage Racking.
This publication provides
two paperswritten by Pro-
zxv fessor Thomas Murray.
Professor Murray is a
world expert on the phe-
nomenon of human in-
duced floor vibrations in
buildings.

11 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

A visiting AISC sponsored speaker in 1990, he
presented the following papers: Acceptability
Criterion for Occupant-- Induced Floor Vibrations
and Floor Vibration in Buildings-- State-- of-- the-- Art
Summary.
The papers primarily focus on composite
steel/concrete floor systems and contain analytical
procedures to determine the acceptability of
proposed floor systems supporting residential or
office type environments. Appendices include
design procedures for office and residential
environments and a worked example.
5.6. Economical Carparks A Design Guide
xzvxzv
Ken Watson, John Cottam and Spiros Dallas
Published by BHP Integrated Steel Marketing -
Construction & Engineering
FirstEdition, Oct. 1998, 2nd Ed July 2001 available
in PDF format from OneSteel.
This design guide was prepared to assist engineers,
architects, quantity surveyors, builders and
developersproduce and costpreliminary designsfor
steel carparks. The guide presents nine carpark
schemes which can be combined or modified to suit
the given layout.
The schemes utilise composite slabs with profiled
steel decking, composite steel beams and steel
columns. Extensive information is given for each
scheme for slab details, beam and column sizes,
number of shear studs, connection details and
corrosion protection systems.Costsarealso givenfor
each scheme.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Steel Carparks; 3)
Review of Existing Steel Carparks; 4) Layout of
Carparks-- column location,headroom, gradients;5)
Parking Modules - single and multiple schemes,
carpark efficiency; 6) Design Criteria - Building
regulations, design loads, structural system, beams,
decking, slabs, columns, lateral load resisting
systems, stairs; 7) Durability - slabs, decking,
structural steelwork, monitoring; 8) Costing -
Methodology, costs, sensitivity of costs, different
surface treatment systems, penetrations, column
splices; 9) Case Study - Deakin University Carpark;
10) Acknowledgements; 11) References;
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
Appendices - survey, fire resistance requirements,
designs and costing, design example, profiled steel
sheeting design, atmospheric classification, the
rational costing method.
5.7. DuraGal R Mezzanine Flooring
System
OneSteel
February 2001
20 pages
The DuraGal Mezza-
nine Flooring System
offers a high strength
lightweightsteelfloor-
ing system for new or
existing buildings.
Thispublication hasa descriptionof thestandardized
components; design charts for selecting bearersand
joists for single, cantilevered or continuous spans;
column capacity charts for 3 and 5kPa loadings;
assembly and bracing requirements; footings,
stairways and handrail components and
specifications. Brief notes on fire safety and
corrosion complete the document.
5.8. Industrial Light Beam
Industrial Light Beams (ILB) are a stiff, strong and
lightweightsteelsection fabricated from two RHSor
SHS chords with a trapezoidal folded plate web
weldedbetweenthechords. Thebeamsareapplicable
to a range of steel framing solutions providing
excellent strength and stiffness to weight ratios.
Severallarge portalframed structureshave beenbuilt
and the system permits the use of curved members.
ILBhave a 33 page design booklet“Design Capacity
Tables for ILBs” as well as software distributed by
CDROM.
For more information, contact ILB in Orange NSW
by email at ilbsteel@lisp.com.au
12
6. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN AIDS 6.2. Handbook of Fire Protection
BHP and OneSteel have spent considerable monies Materials for Structural Steel - 1990
in the area of fire engineering and have produced a Bennetts I.D.,
number of focused guidelines. It is likely that in the Thomas I.R., Proe D. J.,
near future, these bookletswill be published on CD. Szeto W.T.
71 Pages
6.1. Guidelines for Assessment of Fire AISC Code 420
Resistance of Structural Steel
Members - 1987 This handbook summa-
rises standard fire testdata
Bennetts I.D., Proe D.J., for specific fire protection
Thomas I.R. materials applied to steel
20 Pages members and composite
beams.
AISC Code
zxvxzvzx 410
It assesses the materials on a consistent basis to
This publication sets out enable the required thickness to be ascertained
the requirements for the without reference to individual test reports.
design of composite steel Values of Fire protection material thickness
beams(i.e. steelbeamcon- determinedinaccordancewith thishandbook maybe
nected to a concrete slab) deemed to satisfy AS4100 and the AISCdocument,
to resist the efforts of fire. Guidelines for Assessment of Fire Resistance of
The book also specifies the means of attaining the Structural Steel Members. All data been obtained
required fire resistance levels as well as presenting from testswhich satisfy the relevant requirementsof
background material on the subject. AS 1530: Part 4-- 1985.
(NOTE:for steelmembersand connections-- with or Contents: PartA: USE OF HANDBOOK-- 1) Scope;
withouta specific fire protectionmaterial-- reference 2) Nomenclature; 3) Definitions; 4) General
should now be made to Section 12 of AS 4100. Principles; 5) Procedure for Determination of
Additional information can also be found by Material Thickness; 6) References; APPENDICES:
referencing ” Design of Steel Structures for Fire 1) Basis for assessment of materials, 2) Influence of
Resistance in Accordance with AS 4100”, Steel slab characteristics on performance of three-- sided
Construction, Vol.26 No. 3, August 1992.) members. Part B: FIRE PROTECTION
MATERIAL DATA - Index to Material Data Sheets;
This publication is based on a report prepared by
Material Data Sheets.
BHP Research - Melbourne Laboratories.
Report No. MRL/PS69/87/003. 6.3. Economical Carparks A Guide to
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Definitions; 3) Methods of Fire Safety
Assessing Period of Structural Adequacy; 4)
Interpolation of ThermalPerformance from a Series Bennetts I.D.,
of Tests; 5) Calculation of Temperature Conditions Poh K.W.,
for Structural Adequacy; 6) Members with Web Thomas I.R.
Penetrations;7) Connections-- Commentary on 1)to
5); APPENDICES: 1) Worked examples, 2) Use of March 1999 30 Pages
simplifiedformula forobtaining criticaltemperature Ed 2 pub. by OneSteel
for beams, 3) Useof simplifiedformula forobtaining avail. in PDF Aug 2001
critical temperature for columns, 4) Behavior of
composite beams in fires, 5) Influence of concrete Many multi-- level
properties on beam temperatures. carparks have been built
in Australia and New
Zealand.
Steel columns and columns in conjunction with
reinforced, composite or precast floors have been
possible since changes to the Building Code of
Australia which permitsthe use of bare steel in many
situations.

zxv
13 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel carparks; 2) BCA and ownerswhich did notrelate to the riskto lifefrom
Deemed-- to-- satisfy provisions: what is a carpark? fire in these buildings.
what is Open-- deck? Sprinkler requirements, what
This publication is the result of a two year research
situations allow the use of bare steel; 3) Fire projectanditpresentsa modifieddesign approachthe
Engineering Approach: alternative solutions for
aim of which is to enable the designer to satisfy the
open-- deck or sprinklered carparks, carparks
fire safety objectives and relevant performance
adjoining or below other parts; 4) Experimental
requirements of the BCA for these classes of
Basis: open-- deck, closed and partially open
buildings.
carparks, carparks in multiclassified building,
research outcome; 5) References; 6) Appendix: Contents:1) Introduction;2) Background;3) Partsof
ESA/M of steel sections. Shopping Centre Building; 4) Building
Characteristics; 5) Fire Safety Aspects; 6) Occupant
6.4. Low-- Rise Office Construction Avoidance; 7) Smoke Development and
A Guide to Fire Safety Management;8) Fire Detection and Suppression;9)
Bennetts I.D., Fire Spread and Management; 10) Brigade
Goh, C.C., Communication and Response;11) Managementof
Thomas I.R. Fire Safety; 12) Conclusions and References; 13)
Appendices:Example, exposed area tomassratiosof
OneSteel steel sections.
6.6. Design of Sports Stand Buildings for
November 2000
63 Pages Fire Safety - June 1998
I.D. Bennets,
AISC Code 405 K.W. Poh, S.L. Poon,
I.R. Thomas
P. England, N. Kurban
Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel construction, G. Anderson - 32 pages
low-- rise office buildings; 2) BCA
Deemed-- to-- Satisfy Provisions: BCA terms and Ed 2 by OneSteel in PDF
concepts including rise in storeys and effective format, Aug. 2001
height, type of construction, fire compartments,
exits, travel distance, fire-- resistance levels. This publication applies
Overview of provisions, building elements - FRL’s; to sports stand buildings
3) Fire Safety Evaluation:Whatcanzxvzxvz
welearn fromthe in open stadia, of non--
fire record? What matters for fire safety? 4) combustible construc-
Alternative Solutions: BCA objectives and tion that fall outside
performance requirements, recommendations, clause C1.7 of the BCA.
detailed requirements, etc.; 5) References; 6)
Many impressive, multi-- level sports stadia have
Appendices:Sprinkleredandnon-- sprinkleredoffice
been builtin Australia recentlywhich containquality
fire tests, barriers to fire spread - walls and roof,
facilities. The purpose of thisbook isto consider the
ESA/M of steel sections.
fire safety of these complex buildingsand to present
6.5. Design of Sprinklered Shopping design principles and procedures which will allow
the fire safety objectives and relevant performance
Centre Buildings for Fire Safety
requirements of the BCA to be met.
Bennetts I.D., Contents: 1) Sports Stand Buildings; 2) Parts of
Thomas I.R. , Modern Sport Stands Buildings; 3) Historical
Poh K.W. Review; 4) Fire Safety Aspects - Occupant
avoidance, Smoke development and management,
OneSteel Fire detection and suppression - Brigade
Nov. 2000 41 Pages communication and response, Fire spread and
AISC Code 406 management; 5) References; Appendices: 1
Modelling of Fire Characteristics; 2 Application of
The construction and ex- BCAAccessand Egress Requirementsto a Building;
tension of large shopping 3 Calculation of Evacuation Times; 4 Exposed
centreshad involvedoner- Surface Area to Mass Ratios for Steel Sections; 5
ous costs on developers Checking of Steel Member Size for Fire Adequacy.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 14

7. ARCHITECTURAL AND DOMESTIC 7.2. BHP Structural Steel in Housing

7.1. The Use of Steel in Homes 1995 Span Tables and Con-
nection DetailsforLin-
AISC Code 440 tels, Roof and Floor
141 Pages Beams

Produced with the assis-

tance of many experts in
the field, this publication
provides information that
will assist engineers and
owner builders alike.
Presented in a simple, easy to followformat, The use
of Steel in Homes (TUSH) includes informative text
on a wide variety of issues pertaining to steel in
housing. By referring to the main tablesin the book,
steel beam and column sizes can be quickly
determined for use in domestic construction. The
major advantage is that complex calculations and
knowledge of Design Standards are not necessary to
determine the correct steel member sizes. The beam
and column tables take into account any loads
transmitted from timber floors, concrete floors, steel
sheet roofs and tiles roofsand also take into account
wind loads. Trussed andpitched roofsare includedas
well as loads transmitted from the roof to the floor.
Tables are also included to enable users to quickly
determine suitable steel wallmullions, lintels, gates,
handrails, balustrades and stair stringers.
Contents:1) Scope and general;2) The use of steelto
enhance siting and building design;3) Floor beams;
4) Walls; 5) Roof beams; 6) Stairs; 7) Handrails and
balustrades; 8) Gate frames; 9) Removing columns
under dwellings; 10) Corrosion Protection; 11)
Determination of beam sizes; 12) Determination of
columns sizes; 13) Steel framed housing; 14)
xvzxvzxv
Composite steel/concrete floors; 15) Steel roof and
wall cladding; 16) References; APPENDICES: A)
Design Criteria; B) Worked Examples; C) Contact
addresses.
28 pages
July 1998
Contents:BHP (nowOneSteel) ProductDescription
& Range;Span Table Design Data;Bearers;Strutting
Beams; Strutting/Hanging Beams; Lintels
Supporting Roof; Lintels Supporting Roof and
Floor;LintelsSupporting Strutting Beam;Verandah
Beams; Steel Sheet Roofs in High Wind Areas;
LintelsSupportingMasonry;ConnectionExamples;
Surface Treatment; Steel Supply.
7.3. Architecture in Steel - 1987
Ogg A.
Published by RAIA
255 Pages
AISC Code 450
This award winning
publicationiselegantly
presented with quality
photographs and il-
lustrations.Theauthor,
Alan Ogg, highlights
the many facets of steel
in architecturaldesign.
Notonly isAustralian architecturein steelconsidered
but world case studies are also carefully highlighted
toillustrateconceptualideas,overallframingsystem,
connection details,relationship ofcladding toframe,
cladding details aswell asinteresting information of
historical significance. Commercial high rise
buildings, airports, steel-- framed houses, sporting
facilities and many other steel buildings and
structures are examined in detail.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Chronology and
History;3) Design in Steel;4) World Case Studies;5)
Australian Case Studies; 6) Guide to Australian
Buildings; 7) Bibliography; 8) Credits for
Illustrations and Photographs.

15 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

7.4. Lintels 8. FABRICATION
A number of design 8.1. Commentary on the Structural Steel
chartsexist for special- Welding Standard 1992
isedproductswhichare
available from differ- A. Syam Editor
ent product manufac- 72 Pages
turers. Examples are AISC Code 470
the Galintel range of
multi-- rib flat bar, the Jointly published by
solid base Galintels, the Welding Technolo-
the solid base Galintel gy Institute of Austra-
’T’ bars and the Galin- lia (WTIA) and AISC,
tel Rendabar. this Technical Note
(TN) provides a valu-
Refer to the Graham Group productbrochuresor the able commentary to
website at www.grahamgroup.com.au AS/NZS 1554: Struc-
Refer also to Industrial Galvanisers website at tural Steel Welding.
www.indgalv.com.au
Allfive partsof the Standard are considered-- i.e.Part
7.5. Steel Gratings and Floor Mesh 1: Welding of steel structures; Part 2: Stud welding
(Steel studs to steel); Part 3: Welding of reinforcing
Steelgratings and floor decks, both of open mesh or steel;Part4: Welding of high strength quenched and
solid plate are a common steel component in tempered steels, and; Part 5: Welding of structures
industrialplantsaswellasaccessto other mechanical subject to high levels of fatigue loading.
plant and mezzanine floors.
TN 11 is intended to complement the Standards by
For design information on Weldlok gratings and explaining its application to welded steel
drainage products, refer to the Weldlok website at construction. This is accomplished by providing
www.weldlok.com.au much background material,further interpretationof
clauses, and reflects on typical industry practice in
7.6. Stairs and Railings various areas. The publication is easily
cross-- referenced with the Standards by the use of a
A number of companies manufacture standard similar clause/heading numbering system.
stanchions and railing components. An example is Significantconsideration isalso given to the intentof
the Weldlok Balltube system, one of the productsof the related design Standards - AS 4100 Steel
the Graham Group (see above).xzvxzv
structures, AS 3990 Mechanical equipment
- Steelwork, AS/NZS Cold-- formed steel structures
7.7. Guardrails and NZS 3404 Steel structures standard.
zxvxzvzxv
Practitioners and students in the structural/
Design information on crash barriers are available
mechanical engineering and fabrication areas will
from Industrial Galvanisers -
find thispublication veryusefulandeasy tointerpret.
www.civilproducts.indgalv.com.au zxvxzv
Contents: Introduction; Scope; Terminology;
7.8. Lighting Poles Section A: Welding of Steel Structures; Section B:
Stud Welding (Steel Studs to Steel); Section C:
Design information on steel lighting poles are Welding of Reinforcing Steel;Section D: Welding of
available from Industrial Galvanisers - High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steels;
www.poles.indgalv.com.au zxvxzv Section E: Welding of Steel Structures Subject to
High Levels of Fatigue Loading;References; Listof
WTIA Technical Notes.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 16

 8.2. An Engineer’s Guide to Fabricating
Steel Structures.
Volume 1 - Fabrication Methods
First Edition August 2001
John Taylor
160 pages
Contents:1) Materialfor SteelStructures; 2) Cutting
and Forming Steel; 3) Heat Treatment; 4) Joining
Processes; 5) Arc Welding Processes; 6) Manual
Metal Arc Welding; 7) Submerged Arc Welding; 8)
Gas Metal Arc and Flux Cored Arc Welding; 9) Gas
Tungsten Arc Welding; 10) Arc Stud Welding; 11)
Mechanisation of Welding and Cutting; 12)
Weldability and Welding Defects; 13) Glossary.
8.3. An Engineer’s Guide to Fabricating
Steel Structures.
Volume 2 - Detailing for Fabrication
and Quality Management
First Edition expected late 2001
John Taylor
approx. 134 pages
8.4. Quality Assurance and the
Fabricator
Gregory R Goad, 1991
This publication (in photocopy version only) were
produced as partof a workshop held jointly with the
National Industry Extension Service to aid
fabricators in their endeavours to embrace the
principles of Quality Assurance.
The document has been designed to aid with the
interpretation of the requirements of the Australian
Standard AS3902 as they relate to quality and the
steel fabrication industry and may act asa catalystto
thedevelopmentofaquality manualand theadoption
of quality principles.
Contents: 1) Explanatory Notes for developing a
zxvzxv
Corporate Quality Manual;2) Explanatory Notesfor
developing an Operational Procedures Manual; 3)
ExplanatoryNotesfordevelopingaWorkInstruction
Manual.
zxvxzv
zxv
17
9. GENERAL
9.1. Roark’s Formula for Stress and
Strain 6th edition 1989
Young W.C.
Published by McGraw--
Hill
763 Pages
AISC Code 460
Note: 7th Edition
available later in 2001
This book is a tremendous time and cost saver for
engineers who design and analyse structural
elements, and need to quickly know whether these
components will withstand the physical and
environmental stresses to which they are subjected.
Formulae are given for stresses and deformation in
bars, beam, frames, plates, shells and vessels when
subjected to concentrated loads, moments and
deformations as well as various simple distributed
loadings. There are resultsfor natural frequenciesof
various loadings on beams.
This publication is an excellent reference book -
compact yet detailed - and gives a summary of
formulae, facts, and principles pertaining to the
strength and deformationsof materials. A name and
subject index are included.
Contents: 1) Definitions;2) The Behavior of Bodies
under Stress; 3) Principles and AnalyticalMethods;
4) Experimental Methods; 5) Properties of a Plane
Area; 6) Tension, Compression, Shear, and
Combined Stress; 7) Beams; Flexure of Straight
Bars; 8) Curved Beams; 9) Torsion; 10) Flat Plates;
11) Columnsand Other Compression Members;12)
Shells of Revolution; Pressure Vessels; Pipes; 13)
Bodies under Direct Bearing and Shear Stress; 14)
Elastic Stability; 15) Dynamic and Temperature
Stresses; APPENDIX.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
10. COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
Many of the OneSteel Composite Design Manuals
are available on CDROM from AISC (Code 515).
10.1. SAA HB91-- 1997 Composite Beam
Design Handbook 1997
Jointly published by
AISC and Standards
Australia Available
through Standards Aus-
tralia
The composite BeamDe-
sign Handbook has pri-
marily been written to as-
sist design engineers
perform calculations in
accordance with AS
2327.1-- 1996.
The new concepts introduced in AS 2327.1-- 1996
have been briefly explained and a limited
commentary on the important design clauses has
been given. A complete and detailed worked
example is progressively presented through several
chapters to outline the calculations necessary to
design a typicalcompositebeam. The handbookalso
contains design tables which primarily provide the
design moment capacities for a wide range of
practicalcomposite beam cross-- sections. The tables
may be used in conjunction with AS2327.1-- 1996to
improve the efficiency of the design process.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) Overall
Design Process; 4) Design Loads; 5) Effective
Sections; 6) Design for Strength; 7) Design for
Serviceability; 8) Design of Shear Connectors; 9)
Transfer of Longitudinal Shear in Concrete; 10)
Design for Fire Resistance;
Appendices: A) Design Tables; B) Tables for Shear
Connector and Longitudinal Shear Reinforcement
Design; C) Design Examples (using tables); D)
Design for Construction Stages
10.2. DB1.1 Design of Simply Supported
Composite Beams for Strength
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design Manual
Design Booklet DB1.1
Edition 2 Feb 2001
48 Pages on CDROM
AISC Code 515
Dr. Daya Dayawansa
Dr. Mark Patrick
Rodney White
zxvzxvzxv
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
A design booklet covering the strength design of
simply-- supported composite beams, which enables
significant construction cost savings which can be
consistently achieved, compared with previous
practice. This booklet does not cover design for
serviceability, shear connectors or fire resistance.
Contents:1) Scope and General;2) Terminology;3)
Design Concepts; 4) Design Models; 5) Design
Approach;6) Design Rules;7) Worked Examples;8)
References; Appendices - Design Tables, Notation.
10.3. DB1.2 Design of the Shear
Connection of Simply-- Supported
Composite Beams to AS 2327.1-- 1996
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design Manual
Design Booklet DB1.2
Edition 1 Feb 2001
97 Pages on CDROM
AISC Code 515
Dr. Qing Quan Liang
Dr. Mark Patrick
Centre for Construction
Technology and Research
This is the sixth booklet in the Composite series.
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) Design
Concepts: purpose of shear connectors, load-- slip
behaviour of shear connectorsand factorsaffecting
this behaviour, effects of profiled steel sheeting,
longitudinal shear surfaces and the role of
reinforcement (types 1-- 4); Design Models: ductile
shear connection model, simplified longitudinal
shear surfaces, connector shear capacity, ductile
shear force model, uniform shear flow model,
shear-- friction model; 5) Design Approach:
COMPSHEARt input data, detailing profiled steel
sheeting, placement of shear connectors, design of
concrete slab reinforcement and types 1-- 4 reo; 6)
Design Rules: design objectives, detailing
connectors perpendicular and parallel to the steel
beam, anchorage and spacing requirements; 7)
WorkedExamples:primaryinternalbeam,secondary
edge beam;8) References;9) Appendicesincluding
design charts.
18
10.4. DB1.3 Design of Simply Supported
Beams with Large Web Penetrations
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design Manual
Design Booklet DB1.3
Edition 2 Feb 2001
87 Pages on CDROM
AISC Code 515
Dr. Cameron Chick
Dr. Daya Dayawansa
Dr. Chong Chee Goh
Dr. Mark Patrick
Rodney White
A booklet covering the design of supported beams
with large web penetrations, which enables
significant construction cost savings which can be
consistently achieved, compared with previous
practice. Thisbooklet presentsthe additionaldesign
information necessary to allow large web
penetrationstobeincorporatedintosimplysupported
bare steel and composite beams.
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) Design
Concepts;4) DesignModels;5)Design Approach;6)
Design Rules; 7) Aids for Strength Design; 8)
Worked Examples; 9) References; Appendices -
Nominal moment capacities for composite beams,
bare steel beams, Design Capacity Tables, Notation.
10.5. DB2.1 Design of Continuous
Composite Beams with Rigid
Connections for Strength
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design
Manual
Design Booklet DB2.1
163 Pages on CDROM
Edition 1 Feb 2001
AISC Code 515
Dr. Paul Berry
Prof. Russell Bridge
Dr. Mark Patrick
The initialresearch and developmentwascarriedout
at the BHP Melbourne Research Labs and thiswork
has been completed at the University of Western
Sydney Centre for Construction Technology and
Research.
This is the fifth booklet to be published for the
Composite Design Manual which is being
maintained by OneSteel.
19
Continuous composite beams can offer significant
benefitsoversimplysupportedbeamswithimproved
strength, where reinforcement is present over the
supports, and improved serviceability in terms of
reduced deflections, improved vibration
performance and crack control of the concrete over
the supports.
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) Design
Concepts: general behaviour of continuous beams,
section behaviour of members and connections,
global analysis and behaviour; 4) Design Models:
ductileshearconnection,moment-- shearinteraction,
member cross-- sections in negative bending,
partial-- depth andflush endplate connections,lateral
torsionalbuckling;5) DesignApproach:designdata,
preliminary design, strength design forconstruction
stages 3 through 6 and the in-- service condition,
serviceability design;6) Design Rules: design loads,
construction, properties and classification of
cross-- sections, methods of analysis, positive and
negative moment member capacities, critical
sections, design and distribution of the shear
connectors, crack control; 7) Worked Examples:
secondaryandprimarybeamsinacarpark,secondary
beam in an office; 8) References; 9) Appendices:
elastic properties of members in negative bending,
elastic contraflexure analysis, negative moment
capacity of members and end plate connections,
design tables and charts parallel and perpendicular
cases.
10.6. DB3.1 Design of Composite Slabs for
Strength
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design Manual
Design Booklet DB3.1
Edition 2 Feb 2001
56 pages on CDROM
AISC Code 515
Dr. Chong Chee Goh
Dr. Mark Patrick
David Proe
Rodney White
A design booklet covering the strength design of
composite slabs, which enables significant
construction cost savings which can be consistently
achieved, compared with previous practice.
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) Design
Concepts;4) DesignModels;5)Design Approach;6)
Design Rules; 7) Worked Examples; 8) References;
Appendices-- Referenced AS,Notation, Strengthfor
Profiled Sheeting Products, Design Moment and
Vertical Shear Capacity Tables.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
10.7. DB5.1 Design of the Web-- side-- Plate
Steel Connection
OneSteel Composite
Structures Design Manual
Design Booklet DB5.1
Edition 1 November 2000
on CDROM
AISC Code 515
Dr. Paul Berry
Prof. Russell Bridge
Dr. Mark Patrick
Dr. Andrew Wheeler
Jamie Adams
The initialresearch and developmentwascarriedout
at the BHP Melbourne Research Labs and thiswork
has been completed at the University of Western
Sydney Centre for Construction Technology and
Research.
Partof a suite of design bookletscovering the design
of simply supported and continuous composite
beams, columns and slabs. The web-- side-- plate is a
common connection type and an improved design
method is presented based on the 1994 AISC limit
state design methodfor structuralconnectionsandan
extensive test program.
The support condition can be stiff or flexible which
can lead to improved efficiencies and smaller
connections. New work on design eccentricities,
weld detailing, cleat thicknesses and rotational
capacities are included.
Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) Design
Concepts - support conditions, moment-- rotation
behaviour, design action effects on connection
components, overload condition;4) Design Models
- general, support conditions, moment-- rotation
model, rotation modelling, design action effects,
component strengths; 5) Design Approach -
identification of support conditions, connection
design by detailed calculation, design using design
shear capacity tables,rotation andcapacity checksby
WSP-- STEEL; 6) Design Rules - limit state
requirements, design loads, rotational stiffness,
design eccentricities, avoiding contact; 7) Worked
Examples; 8) References; Appendices including
design shear capacity tables.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
10.8. Using Bondek:
Design & Construction
BHP Building
Products Research and
Development
February 2001
132 pages plus
Bondek 2000
Software CDROM
This new publication supersedes eight previously
published manuals of various titles. It tabulates the
propping, composite slab data and fire design for
various situations. New Bondek 2000 Software
enables quick and economical solutions.
Bondek profiled steel sheeting is the centre of a
formwork and reinforcement system for concrete
slab construction. This new publication embodies
limitstate design approach and isbased on extensive
testing on Bondek profiles along with severalmajor
new technical developments such as savings in
negative reinforcement due to moment
redistribution, partial shear connection strength
theory,reliablecontrolofflexuralcrackinginsupport
regions and new reinforcement grades D500N and
D500L.
Contents: 1) Introduction - design methods for
Bondek, general design parameters, materials
(sheeting,concrete,reinforcement), dimensionsand
properties,corrosionprotection,designflowchart;2)
Formwork Design - general, application, deflection
limits, formwork design loads; 3) Composite Slab
Design - crack control options, durability, design
loads, linear elastic analysis, strength design for
negative moments, positive moments, multiple
spans, serviceability design; 4) Fire Design - fire
resistanceperiods,designforinsulation andintegrity,
structural adequacy, reinforcement for fire design
etc.; 5) Construction - safety, installation,
reinforcement, concrete, finishing, suspended
ceilings and services; 6) Worked Examples; 7)
Design Tables - single spans and 8) continuous
spans;9)Bondek2000 Software;10) References;11)
Notation.
20
10.9. Fielders Kingflor Designer
The trapezoidal ribs of
KingFlor 70 provide great
strength and stiffness that
allowthe steeldeck to sup-
port large loads and span
greater distances during
construction. The L--
shaped lapping ribs pro-
vide an easy connection
between adjacent sheets
and in conjunction with
the dove-- tail ribs provide
a strong and ductile rib
shear connection after the
concrete has hardened.
FieldersKF70 isalready demonstrating it providesa
faster more costefficientsolution on projectsaround
the country. KF70.
For further information on the CDROM, contact
Fielders via the website at www.fielders.com.au
10.10. Stramit Condeck HP
Structural Steel Deck
Technical Design Manual
34 pages, August 1996
Published by Stramit
Metal Building Products
Condeck HP (High Performance) is part of the
Stramitrange of concrete floor systems. Thismanual
was updated following extensive testing at the
University of Sydney.
Contents: Introducing Condeck HP; Features;
Design Principles; Propping; Section Properties;
Negative Reinforcement; Composite Slab Capacity
Graphs; Design Examples; Installation;
Architectural Details; Fire Resistance Design
Information.
21
10.11. Composite Steel Road Bridges
Concepts and Design Charts
Frank Rapattoni (BHP)
DennisEastwood (Vicroads)
Mark Bennett (RTA)
Harry Cheung (RTA)
Published by
BHP Integrated Steel
November 1998
An increasingly popular bridge superstructure isthe
composite concrete deck and steelgirders (I, trough
or box types). Thispublication hasbeen prepared to
assistbridge designerswith thepreliminary designof
economical composite I-- girder steel bridges using
the 1996 Australian Bridge Design Code.
Design charts in the document for spans up to 60
metres enable sufficient accuracy for preliminary
cost estimating. Brief guidelines are given on a
number of aspectswhich influence the economicsof
steelbridges. Design live loadshave been assumedto
be the worst effect of T44 and HLP 400 for both
serviceability and ultimate strength limit states.
Contents: 1) General; 2) Preliminary Design; 3)
Design Charts for BHP Standard Beam Bridges; 4)
Design Charts for Multiple Plate Girder Bridges; 5)
Design Charts for Twin Plate Girder Bridges; 6)
Bridge Systems and Details for Economy; 7)
Specificationsfor Steelwork Fabrication;8) Surface
Protection; 9) Safety - Tips for Design and
Construction; 10) Estimating Bridge Construction
Costs; 11) References; 12) BHP Technical Support;
13) Steel Fabricators; 14) Steel Distributors.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
11. COMPOSITE DESIGN SOFTWARE
11.1. Lysaght Bondek 2000 - Version 1
This software is distributed on CDROM with the
BHP Lysaght design manualUsing Bondek: Design
& Construction. It requires Microsoft Excel 95 to
run.
The above mentioned manualiscontained on theCD
as a PDF (Portable Document Format) file. The
software wasused to generate the design tables in the
manual. There isa “readme” file of instructions. The
software is an Excel 95 5/7 spreadsheet which gives
solutions that conform to AS 3600 - 1994 Concrete
Structures. In addition to the standard cases, it
provides some additional options such as:
! interior spans thinner than end spans
! design of concrete-- frame buildings with
band beams
! all reinforcement grades and sizes
! lightweight concrete
! superimposed dead, storage and live loads
! fire ratings of 4 hours
! design with no crack control requirements
! design of formwork as continuous or
discontinuous over permanent supports
! A2 exposure classification.
11.2. COMPBEAM (TM) Version 1.1
For simply supported composite beams
11.3. WEBPEN (TM) Version 1.1
For web penetration in simply supported beams
11.4. WSP-- STEEL (TM) Version 1.0
For the design of web-- side-- plate connections
11.5. COMPSECT (TM)
Cross-- section strength design of composite beams
11.6. COMPSHEAR (TM)
For design of shear connectionsin compositebeams.
COMPBEAM, WEBPEN, WSP-- STEEL,
COMPSECT and COMPSHEAR are all available
on the OneSteel Composite Structures Design
Manual Version 1.1 CDROM issued July 2001
along with the Design Booklets DB1.1, DB1.2,
DB1.3, DB2.1, DB3.1, DB5.1 and SDB5.1.
Contact OneSteel Market Mills on 1800-- 1-- STEEL
or at www.onesteel.com.au
The Composite CD is also available from AISC.
AISC Code 515
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
12. SOFTWARE
There are a numberof softwarepackageswhichoffer
considerable design and documentation tools.
Because of the specialized nature and technical
supportassociated with these packages,the AISCcan
only draw attention to them.
The AISCis however of the opinion thatinvestment
in specialized software which permits closer
integration of the design, structural analysis,
steelwork modeling and documentation. To fully
benefitfromthesepackagesrequiresan investmentin
time for training and a commitment to utilize the
features in order to gain overall efficiencies in steel
construction.
12.1. Teaching
12.1.1. HB83 - 1996 Steel Structures made
Easy
Publishedby StandardsAustralia
asa studentguide to AS4100,this
CDROM has three levels of
AS4100:Novice - forfirstorsec-
ond year engineering students;
Advanced - for third or fourth
year students, or in fact for most
practicaldesign;and Expert-- for
all tiers in the code.
For the Novice and Advanced levels, there is a
running commentary and backgroundexplanations
given aimed at that level of student. The CD also
containsabout700 highdefinition colouredpictures
of steel topics. These are organized in two groups -
a learning fashion related to each of the seventeen
sections in the Code; and a Project album.
The CD also contains steel section properties for the
open, welded and hollow sections together with
design capacity graphsand two smallDOSprograms
for selecting members for bending and columns.
12.2. Capacity Tables
12.2.1. DCTplate - Design Capacity of
Structural Steel Plates
DCTplate extends the range of solutions found in
AISC’s Design Capacity Tables and most texts. It
covers all grades of steel plate manufactured to AS
3678 or AS 3597. Design is in accordance with AS
22
4100 or the American AISCWorking Stress rulesfor
plates whose yield stress exceeds 450 MPa.
DCTplate features:
! Simple design forms that act as wizards to
guide you. A drawing reflects your choices.
! Multiple forms for easy comparison of
different designs.
! The ability to apply linearly varying loads to
all or part of a rectangular plate.
! Automatic checks for strength and/or
serviceability.
With DCTplate you can:
! Change support conditions by clicking the
mouse on the drawing.
! Select cells from a grid for partial pad loads
on rectangular plates
! Select grades and preferred plate thicknesses
without consulting product literature.
! Finally, print the key parameters and a
drawing of your design.
12.2.2. DCTcomp - Design Capacity
Tables for Computers
DCTcompcovershotrolled, weldedand coldformed
sections plus welds and boltsthat can be designed to
AS4100-- 1998. DCTcomp ismuch more than justa
list of section properties. It also features:
! Information from FIVE (5) publications in
one package.
! Intelligent lists to let you quickly find
information. No longer do you have to
remember which hollow sections are
available in a particular steel grade.
! Simple buttons or menus to display all the
information about a section.
! All design capacities on a single screen for
the parameters you specify. No longer do
you have to interpolate for effective lengths
or combined actions.
! Browse buttons to see alternative sections in
the range. No longer do you have to flick
pages. The program remembers and
automatically updates as you change the
display.
! An interactive calculator for the full range of
bolt and ply combinations to help with
connection design.
! Finally, print any display or copy values to
the clipboard for use in other software.
If you use AISC’s Design Capacity Tables then
DCTcomp isthe software for you! Over 1,000 pages
23
ofextensivelyusedinformationhasbeencompressed
into one simple easy-- to-- use in other software.
DCTcomp (Windows Version) is available as partof
the OneSteel Product Catalogue CDROM issued in
July 2001.
For further information contactthe AISCbookshop:
e-- mail: bookshop@aisc.com.au
AISC Code 535
13. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE
13.1. Microstran - Analysis & Design of
Structures
Microstran is a comprehensive, easy-- to-- use
software package for the analysis and design of all
kinds of frame structures - beams, trusses, frames,
towers, and bridges. Structures may be
two-- dimensional or three-- dimensional, varying in
size from a few members to many thousands of
members. Microstran performs an automatic check
of all input data prior to analysis. The consistency
check will detect a range of modelling problems
related to geometry and loading.
Integrated LIMSTEEL is an optional modules that
permitsthe design and checking of steel membersin
accordance with AS 4100. Once the structure has
been analysed the members may be designed or
checked in accordance with the design code.
Microstran’suser interface makesit easy to inputthe
data necessary for steel design. Changes to the
structure or loads can be assessed quickly by
repeating the analysis/check cycle and then
inspecting a graphical display of design results that
shows inadequate members in red.
ACADInterface isan integralpartof Microstran that
offersthecapabilityof exchanging3-- Ddatabetween
a structural model and CAD systems. A Microstran
model may be created by importing a suitable CAD
DXF and conversely, a Microstran model may be
exported to a DXF that could become the basis for a
CAD drawing. Optional steel detailing modules are
available for StruCAD and Xsteel.
For further information, contact Engineering
Systems Pty Ltd or visit the website at
www.microstran.com
13.2. Space Gass
SPACE GASS is a general purpose structuralanaly-
sis and design program for 2D and 3D frames,
trusses, grillages and beams. It comes with a full
complement of features thatmake itsuitable for any
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
job from small beams, trusses and portal frames to
large high rise buildings, towers, cranesand bridges.
Itemssuch asgraphicalinput,polar coordinates,elas-
tic supports, pin-- ended members, tension-- only
members,rigidmemberoffsets,and non-- linearanal-
ysis are all standard features.
SPACE GASS for Windows has been designed so
thatyouhave everythingatyourfingertips. Themain
graphics display, which is visible almost all of the
time, isthe centralfocusof theprogram andconstant-
ly shows the current state of the model;you can dis-
play up to four viewports(windows), with different
views of the structure, at one time.
The standard features in SPACE GASS include:
! Intuitive graphical user interface.
! Simple and logical menu and toolbar button
system offering access to all program
features.
! Multiple viewports that allow you to display
up to four different views of the model at
once.
! SI-- Metric, Imperial or a user defined units
system.
! Graphical input and context sensitive menus.
! Datasheet input and text file input.
! A Structure Wizard that guides you through
the generation of standard structures.
! Full data generation facilities for linear and
curved structures.
! Rigid, sliding and pin-- ended members and
supports.
! Semi-- rigid joints.
! 3D member offsets.
! Tension-- only and compression-- only
members.
! Standard section, material, bolt, plate and
weld libraries.
! All types of node and member loads and
combinations.
! Load case enveloping.
! Linear and non-- linear analysis with
wavefront optimization.
! Highly customizable and previewable output
reports.
! Full node and member renumbering before
or after other data has been input.
! Loading and deformed geometry diagrams.
! Bending moment, shear force, and axial
force diagrams.
Forfurtherinformation,contactIntegratedTechnical
Software in Geelong, Victoria or visit the website at
www.spacegass.com
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
13.3. Strand7
Strand7 is fully-- integrated visual environment
combined with a suite of powerfulsolvers givesyou
unparalleled functionality in a single application.
Construct models, run analyses and investigate
results simultaneously using a seamless interface.
Advanced modelling at your fingertips - a flexible
working evironment lets you build modelsquickly.
Create, delete and manipulate elements with a
comprehensive setof tools, automated meshing and
unlimited undo. Organise a complicated modelinto
a simple set of parts using the Group Tree. Define
your own coordinate systems and beam
cross-- sections. Check mesh quality with aspectratio
and warping contours and free edge detection.
Strand7 harnesses the power of Windows. Open
multiple models at the same time. Cut-- and-- paste
elements in 3D - even between models - and copy
data to and from other Windows programs. Import
geometry data from ACIS and DXF files.
Strand7 also features
! an extensive element library: 1D: Beam,
truss, spring, damper, catenary cable and
contact elements (2D and 3D) 2D: Plane
stress, plane strain, plate/shell, 3D
membrane, shear panel and axisymmetric
elements 3D: Tetrahedral, wedge, pyramid
and hexahedral elements Constraints: Rigid
links, pinned links, master/slave links,
sector-- symmetry links, coupling links
! a range of solvers: Static: Linear, buckling
and non-- linear (geometric, material and
boundary non-- linearity) Dynamic: Natural
frequency, harmonic response and spectral
response, Transient: Linear and non-- linear
(geometric, material and boundary
non-- linearity) Heat transfer: Steady-- state
and transient (linear and non-- linear)
! standard and specialize structural materials.
! industry standard data libraries such as steel
section properties.
For further information contactG+D Computing in
Sydney, or visit the web-- site at
www.strand.aust.com
13.4. Multiframe Version 8
Formation Design Systems is a software develop-
mentcompany specializing in 3D modelling, analy-
sis and design software. Specialist areas of applica-
tionincludenavalarchitectureand shipconstruction,
structural engineering and industrial design.
24
Multiframe’s flexible construction capabilities will
dramatically reduce the time it takes you to set up
structural models. This means fewer errors, more
time for you to investigate design alternatives and a
more professionalresult.Other modulesallowyouto
draw section shapes and install them in the sections
library. A built-- in calculation sheet allows you to
prepare design calculations and apply them to any
partof any member. And an ever expanding rangeof
design add-- onsalso allowsyou tosimplify steel,tim-
ber and concrete code checking.
You can produce varying reportsto printoutarecord
of tables, diagrams or calculations for all or just a se-
lected range ofmembers. Youcan alsocopy andpaste
or save files of results for your own post-- processing
programs or reports.
For more information, contact Formation Design
Systems in Perth, or visit the website at www.form-
sys.com
13.5. e:Frame
3D framing design and analysis systems for steel
framed building through to numeric controlof plant
equipment. e:Frame covers floors, walls and roof
trusses of any configuration and to any design
standard both locally and internationally.
For further information see www.ess.com.au
14. MEMBER / JOINT DESIGN
CHECKING SOFTWARE
14.1. Limcon V2 - Checking & Design of
Steel Connections to AS 4100
Limcon, the companion program to the AISC
publication Design of Structural Connections,
permitschecking and design of allthe connectionsin
this book. Limcon also includes the OneSteel Web
Side Plate connection, described in Design Booklet
DB5.1 Design of the Web-- Side-- Plate Steel
Connection, published by OneSteel Market Mills
(November 2000).
Limcon shows a dimensioned detail diagram of the
connection atalltimesduring thedesign process.The
connection detailscan be saved to an AutoCADDXF
at the click of a button. Printed output contains a
detail diagram and full results of all design checks.
Limcon’s virtual reality viewer, in which different
colours are used for each type of component,
provides a useful visual check of arrangement and
clearances.
25
Further information on Limcon is available at
www.engsys.com.au. The program may be
purchased from AISC or Engineering Systems.
14.2. LIMSTEEL
LIMSTEEL isa computerprogram forthe limitstates
design of steelstructures according to the Australian
and New Zealand Steel Structures Standards AS
4100-- 1998 and NZS 3404:1997. LIMSTEEL can
also design DuraGal channelsand anglesaccording
to the Australian/New Zealand Cold-- Formed Steel
Structures Standard AS/NZS 4600-- 1996. The
program is available in three versions - standalone,
lite and integrated.
The standalone version providesthedesigner ofsteel
structures with a simple, rapid, and economical
methodto check,design orproportion steelmembers
and connectors. In the check mode, LIMSTEEL
checks the capacities of a specified member or
connector for the specified design actions. In the
design mode, LIMSTEEL choosesthe smallestfrom
a selected group of member sections or connector
sizes which is adequate for the specified design
actions. In the proportioning mode,the userinteracts
with LIMSTEEL to proportion a welded I or box
section member, or the stiffeners for such a member.
LIMSTEEL LITE is a reduced student version of
LIMSTEEL Standalone available free of charge.
LIMSTEEL LITE allows the user to check one AS
4100 member ata time. The other data inputscreens
for NZS3404 andAS/NZS4600members, plateweb
girders and welded box sections, stiffeners and
connectorshave been disabled, butremain visible to
theuser.LIMSTEELLITE canonly checkhot-- rolled
I-- sections and rectangular and square hollow
sections, and doesnotallowa reportto be generated.
The integrated version of LIMSTEEL is used in
conjunction with the two structural analysis
programs Microstran and SPACE GASS. These
programs allow an analysis and design of the
complete frame to be done. Visit the website at
www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/casesoft
14.3. ColdSteel/4600
ColdSteel/4600 isacomputer programfor thedesign
of cold-- formed steelstructural membersto the limit
states Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS
4600:1996. The program runs in a standalone
interactive mode under the Windows 95/98/NT
operating systems. ColdSteel/4600 isintended to be
used as a cold-- formed steel design calculator that
facilitates the semi-- automated design of
cold-- formed steelstructuralmembersby freeingthe
engineerfromthecomplex detailof effectivesection,
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
distortionalbuckling stressand other detaileddesign
computations.
ColdSteel/4600 performs all the relevant member
strength calculations for a range of commonly used
cold-- formedprofileshapesincludinganglesections,
channel sections, Z-- sections, hat sections,
rectangular hollow sections, and circular hollow
sections. The program can run in either a check or
design mode. For a given set of design actions and
other relevant parameters such as effective lengths,
running ColdSteel/4600 in check mode will
determine if the member issatisfactorily designed to
AS/NZS 4600:1996 with respect to all relevant
strength limit states. The load factor and
corresponding governing limitstate isalso reported.
In design mode, ColdSteel/4600 determines the
lightest section of a particular cross-- sectionalshape
for which the design with respect to the given set of
actionsand other relevantparameters issatisfactory.
www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/casesoft
14.4. STEELbeam
Formerly known as Beam for Windows,
STEELbeam hasbeen developed to include over 30
new features. Now, STEELbeam offers a
comprehensive beam analysisproduct thatis easy to
use, that provides clear visual and graphicalresults,
that presents high quality relevant reports, and that
can be used and understood byanyone fromstudents
to experienced engineers.
Simply define the beam member from the
comprehensiveSTEELcatcatalogue suppliedwhich
includes OneSteel sections, or, alternatively define
your own section to analyse.
Apply loads(point, moments,uniform ortriangular)
and supports (pinned, fixed and springed) at any
point along the member.
STEELbeam has all the tools needed to determine -
shear forces, bending moments, displacements and
stresses for simple supports through to continuous
beams. Multi-- segment beams can be handled with
tapered shaped sections.
For further information, contact Engineering
Software Solutions (www.ess.com.au)
14.5. MemDes Version 2
Developed with the support of BHP NZ Steel, this
member design checking program hasrecentlybeen
upgraded to include several newmember typesand
grades, additional design checking features such as
shear and bending interaction, sesismic capacity
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
checks (yielding and non-- yielding) as well as a
revamped user interface.
Member types from New Zealand included are
Steelpipe custom and standard spiral welded pipes,
Steltech custom and standard welded beams and
BHP NZS “Just Black” hollow sections.
For further information, contact BHP NewZealand
Steel by Email (bird.geoff.gd@bhp.com.au)
14.6. Steel41
Design of steel structural members to AS4100 limit
state design criteria is fast and accurate with
STEEL41. STEEL41 includes a comprehensive
report writer detailing all of the working out and
discussion made by stating the relevant clause in
AS4100.
STEEL41 is used by many Australian Universities
and Colleges. STEEL41 helpsoptimise your design
with little effort and even handles the difficult tasks
with a range of tier levels, fabrication sections,
various grades and much more. STEEL41 has a
comprehensive library of BHP and Tubemakers
section properties catalogues. It highlights unsafe
designs and helps you to enter correct and accurate
valuesthrough the useof interactivehelp. Forfurther
information, see www.ess.com.au
14.7. STEELcat
Comprehensive online electronic catalogue of steel
sections incorporating a section property calculator
for virtually any design requirement.
(www.ess.com.au).
15. COSTING SOFTWARE
15.1. STEELestimator
STEELestimator has been devel-
opedinresponse torequestsfromde-
signersand fabricatorsfor asoftware
package that would allow the Ratio-
nal Costing Method (RCM) to be
fully embraced. Asdistinct from the
old “rule of thumb” cost per tonne
method, the RCM divides costsinto
four maincomponents:steelsupply;
surface treatment; fabrication and
erection.
For any steel member, each of the component costs
can be determined from inbuiltor customizable data
tables. These tablesinclude all the common formsof
member end connections from simple cut and drill
through to attached welded end plates and
intermediate cleat or fin plates.
26
STEELestimator includes enhanced reporting
functions with component cost breakdowns, and
tools to produce and maintain user databases for
supply, fabrication, surface protection and erection
costs.
ATraining Tutorialon CDisavailableand forfurther
informationcontactEngineeringSoftwareSolutions
or inspect their website at www.ess.com.au.
15.2. SteelNest
Fabricators can now determin exactly what lengths
and sectionsneed to be purchased to minimise waste.
STEELnest provides an inventory manager to
optimise your off cut store and allows you to set up
multiple nesting rules that govern joints, cutting
widths, off cut/scrap control etc. For further
information, see www.ess.com.au
16. STRUCTURAL MODELING
16.1. Xsteel
Xsteel provides full integration of model, drawings
and reports, producing automatic general
arrangement and detail drawings together with
material lists and CNC files.
Xsteel can accommodate an unlimited number of
joints and members and is therefore very capable of
managing large structures without losing any of its
superb performance.
The use of Xsteel’s comprehensive yet easy to use
connection library shortensthe throughputtime and
thusliftsyour productivityto acompletely newlevel.
Using Xsteel the operator creates a complete, solid
3Dproductmodelof the steelstructure including all
the relevant information required for manufacture
and construction. Xsteel’s object oriented
functionality providesthe operator with allthe tools
to quickly create the structure’s geometry,
dimensions, member properties, connection types
and materials. The dynamic zoom and pan facility
allowsthe operator toexamine thestructure fromany
angle in close 3D detail.
The model of the structure is created by the operator
specifying interactively the layout of the elements
and associated connections. The elements appear on
the screen asrealsections, whichenablestheoperator
to dictate the necessary detailing requirements to
solve any practical problems whilst generating the
model, thereby eliminating any unnecessary
amendments. All elements are intelligent objects.
For example, when the size of a beam is altered,
27
dimensions of adjoining connections change
accordingly.
A team of operators can work on the same model at
the same time and Xsteel’s capabilities ensure the
consistency ofthe modeleven whenseveralusersedit
the same part of the model simultaneously.
There is no limit to the size of the structure that can
be modeled with Xsteel. The interactive true 3D
approach of Xsteel enables the model to be easily
amended with instant on-- screen display of changes
to the model and associated connections. This
completely removes the problem of the traditional
3D-- steelwork modeling systems which need to
re-- generateandupdatethescreenwhenever achange
or addition is made.
Xsteel has comprehensive full clash detection
facilities including specifying tolerances to
accommodate site problems, i.e., set clearances to
enable easy bolt fixing.
For further information from the Australian
distributor, see www.pacificcomputing.com or the
website of Tekla in Finland www.xsteel.com
16.2. StruCAD
StruCAD is a powerful 3-- D CAD system which
allowsthe creation of 3-- Dmodelsof steelstructures,
using either fast wireframe methods or modelling
directly in solid forms.
Member sizes can be selected from existing or
customer defined catalogues. Connections can be
applied from StruCAD’s extensive libraries or
createdinitspowerfulinteractiveenvironment.From
the 3-- D model the system can automatically
generate:
! fully detailed fabrication shop details
! fully detailed general arrangement and
erection drawings
! CNC manufacturing data
! customizable material lists
! bi-- directional links into various third party
analysis and design packages
StruCAD is available as a complete system, or as a
collection of modules including:
! StruCAD Lite - for steel detailing of smaller
structures
! StruCAD Engineer - for model and
connection design but without the facility to
produce shop drawings
! StruCAD Checker - for viewing the 3-- D
model but without any editing tools
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
 ! StruCam - to produce machine code to drive
NC machines.
! StruMac - the macro programming language
of StruCAD
! StruCut - bar nesting module
StruCADisproduced by AceCad Software of theUK
(www.acecad.co.uk) and distributed in Australia by
AceCad Software (Australia) Pty Ltd.
(Email: acecad@it.net.au).
16.3. Prosteel 3D
ProSteel 3D is an object-- oriented steelconstruction
application based on AutoCAD. Its use and
application are especially beneficial for various
sectors in the steel construction industry such as
structural engineering and steel-- framed building
construction, aswellasallshape-- based construction
tasks.
Typical Areas of Application are as follows:
! Steel Construction / Structural Engineering
! Hangar Construction
! Facility Construction
! Rack Construction
! Façade Construction
Asa practicalCADprogram based on AutoCAD, the
worldwide standard CADprogram,ProSteel3Drep-
resents the ideal solution for professional and com-
prehensive applications, which have to satisfy the
highest standards and requirements.
ProSteel3Dwillhelp you to turn the modelin the de-
signers mind into a visually accessible CAD-- based
model. ThisCADmodelwilldisplay and makeavail-
ablealltheinformation requiredfor constructionand
fabrication.
A variety of powerful 3D Tools are available to the
user for this purpose:
! Efficient, well-- thoughtout, and well-- proven
construction technology in 3D
! Details derived from the overviews (frontal
view, top view, etc.)
! Details derived from isometric and
perspective views
! Creation of shop drawings such asindividual
component parts and construction groups, in
any desired scale or unit of measure
! Generation of complete component parts
(steel, bolt, construction group lists, etc.)
! Derivation of the NC/PPS data directly from
the 3D model
! Linking with standard statics programs with
automatic import of the geometries
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
For further information, contact AEC Systems in
North Sydney, or visit the website at
www.aecsystems.com.au
16.4. CSC Software
Civiland StructuralComputing Ltd have developed
a number of integrated packages in the structural
engineering areas covering 3D structural analysis
(S-- Frame), detailed steel design (S-- Steel), elastic -
plastic analysis of portal frame structures (Fastrak),
a 3D parametric modeling package (3D+) and a
unique calculation pad for engineers (Tedds).
For further information on these products, contact
CSC Australia in Ballarat, or visit the parentwebsite
at www.cscworld.com
16.4.1. TEDDS
TEDDS is fast, neat, easy, accurate calculation pad
which is unique in the engineering field. If TEDDS
doesnotalready have the calculationsyou want, you
can create them easily. TEDDS is highly
configurable and you can link not only all of CSC’s
software portfolio but also your own software
including spreadsheets and other programs.
TEDDShasbeen developed specificallyfor civiland
structuralwork by experienced structuralengineers
and so itavoidsthe shortcomingsof generalsoftware
originally intended for financial or scientific
calculations.
16.4.2. S-- Steel
S-- steel Design features:
! Automatic steel design or check fully
integrated with P-- Frame/S-- Frame.
! Check or automatic redesign options for all
or part of the structure.
! Member grouping for rationalised design.
! Plate girder and tapered plate girder section
design.
! Unparalleled quality of printed results.
! Scratch pad for design refinement.
! Full user control of design condition.
! Full implementation for the following design
codes - US (AISC-- ASD 89 and
AISC-- LRFD 94), CAN/CSA-- S16.1-- M94,
UK (BS 5950) and Australian AS4100
16.4.3. 3D+
3D+isa parametric, structuralmodeling solution for
structural designers. It operates within the standard
AutoCAD environment or now as a standalone
application. 3D+ allows the structural designer to
rapidly create a model from simple set out.
28
Place members, slabs, walls, foundations etc. as
simply asdrawinglines. Createloading, supportsand
member end conditions, all within the same
structural model. Visualize the structure using the
power of AutoCAD.
Parameters may be used to define any numeric data
within the 3D+ model, including dimensions,
member and slab attributes, offsets, load values,
angles, slopes, distances, etc.Parametric changescan
be applied at any time in the construction of the
model. Following changes to any 3D+ parametric
value or expression, all data within the 3D+ model
can be regenerated completely automatically.
Create structural loading within the model. A wide
range of loading types can be applied to joints,
members or areas.
Automatic generation of multiple 2D/3D analysis
and design models is possible from the structural
model. Totally integrated with advanced analysis
using S-- Frame. Links to other third party analysis
products are also supported.
3D+ has an inbuilt drawing management system.
Following changes to the model 3D+ will identify
those drawings/views which need to be re-- issued.
3D+ can then automatically update all such
drawings/views with a single command. Exchange
drawings and models with other 3D modeling
systemsvia DXF, DWG, SDNF (Steelwork Detailing
Neutral File) or CIS 2.0 (CIMsteel integration
standard). Exchange material list data with MIS
systems.
16.4.4. Fabtrol
FabTrol is a fully integrated modular totalManage-
ment Information System for StructuralSteelwork.
FabTrolcan be purchased on a modular basis, the six
modules are: Estimating Contracts Management,
Material Management, Production Management,
Drawing Management and CNC Management.
17. PURLINS AND GIRTS
Thispublicationcannotcover allproductsanddesign
guides. For example, metal deck cladding profiles,
concealed fixingschemes, otherscrewfixings,fascia
and ridge capping products.
Thisinformation, along with colour rangeschanges
reasonably rapidly and the reader is referred to
individual suppliers such as Lysaght, Stramit and
Fielders for up to date data.
29
17.1. Stramit
Stramit specializes in the manufacture, marketing,
distribution and sales of building products
throughout Australia. They have an extensive
technical catalogue covering design guides,
cladding, rainwater, structural, formwork and other
products.Inadditionto theprinted catalogue,Stramit
have an Interactive CDROM “Solutions in Steel”
with the product data (in limit states format) as well
as maintaining a website at www.stramit.com.au
For architecturalcase studies, the Stramit Portfolio is
available which currently has some 28 high profile
projects.
Purlins, Girts & Bridging
Stramit have a Product
Technical Manual incorpo-
rating design capacity
tables. The range of purlins
is from 100 to 350mm deep
in several thicknesses for C
and Z purlins. A boltless
bridging system can be
used and special sizes to
400mm deep are possible.
A separate Detailing and
Installation is available.
17.2. Lysaght Zeds & Cees Purlin & Girt
System
Lysaght Purlins and Girts
Limit state capacity
tables& productinforma-
tion. 61 pages. Revised
May 1999
This work follows exten-
sive testing at the Univer-
sity of Sydney using the
largest vacuum test rig in
the world.
Fullscale testsresultsof complete systems have been
used in the development of AS/NZS 4600: 1996
Cold-- formed steel structures.
Thismanualincorporatesthe wholerange ofLysaght
purlins and girts in a much wider range of spanning
and bridging configurations than before.
The data is intended for specifiers, engineers,
buildersand erectors. Included aredetailsofmaterial
specifications, dimensions, packing, storage, holes
and bridging location; together with limit state
capacity tables.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
18. CIDECT PUBLICATIONS 18.2. CIDECT 2: Structural Stability of
The International Committee for the Development Hollow Sections 1992
and Study of Tubular Structures (Comité
Rondal J., Wurker K.-- G.,
Internationalpour le Développementetl’Etude dela
Dutta D., Wardenie J.,
Construction Tubuliare or CIDECT) wasfounded in Yeomans N. 57 Pages
1962 as an international association which joins AISC Code 250
together the research resourcesof major hollowsteel
section manufacturersto promote the application of This book deals with the
hollow steel sections worldwide. They have global, localand flexural--
produced a number of Design Guides which are torsional bucking behav-
available through the AISC. All CIDECT booksare ior of hollowsections. Us-
published by Verlag TUV Rheinland GmbH. ing this design guide will
enable users to obtain a
18.1. CIDECT 1: Design Guide for better idea of the stability
Circular Hollow Section (CHS) Joints advantages they can gain
Under Predominantly Static Loading by using hollow sections.
1991 Simplified design proceduresand worked examples
are provided for the economic use of structural
Wardenie J., Kurobane hollow sections. This includes: (i) the various
Y., Dutta D., Packer J.A., aspects of bucking based on strength limit state
Yeomans N. design principles; (ii) the methods to determine
68 Pages effective lengthsof chordsand bracing;and (iii) the
use of worked examples to illustrate the application
The first of the CIDECT of the design provisions.
Design Guide series, this
book deals with the de- Contents: 1) General; 2) Cross Section
sign and fabrication of Classification;3) Membersin AxialCompression;4)
circular hollow section Members in Bending; 5) Members in Combined
joints. CompressionandBending;6) Thin-- walledSections;
AISC Code 240 7) Bucking Length of Membersin LatticeGirders;8)
Examples; 9) Symbols; 10) References
Followingextensiveexperimentalinvestigationsand
theoretical analysis, Simple design formulae and 18.3. CIDECT 3: Design Guide for
fabrication rules are presented for adequate Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS)
member/jointperformanceandfabricationeconomy
Joints Under Predominantly Static
of structural steel circular hollow sections (CHS).
Loading 1992
All joint strength design formulae are presented in
limit states terms. Tables, graphs and worked Packer J.A., Wardenie J.,
examples are provided in an easy to follow format. Dutta D., Kurobane Y.,
Design examples include: (i) uniplanar truss; (ii) Yeomans N.
arch-- formed truss; (iii) vierendeel truss; (iv) 102 Pages
multi-- planar truss (triangular girder);(v) trusswith AISC Code 260
semi-- flattened and bracings;(vi) effective buckling
length of truss members; (vii) bolted connections. This publication, the
third in the CIDECT De-
Contents: 1) General; 2) Design of Tubular sign Guide series, deals
Structures; 3) Fabrication of Tubular Structures;4) with the design and fab-
Joint Design Under Predominantly Static Loading; rication of rectangular
5) Bolted Connections; 6) Worked Out Design and square hollow steel
Examples; 7) Symbols; 8) References section joints.
Followingextensiveexperimentalinvestigationsand
theoretical analysis, simple design formulae and
fabrication rules are presented for adequate
member/jointperformanceandfabricationeconomy
of structuralsteelrectangularhollowsections(RHS).

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 30

All joint strength design formulae are presented in SHS-- Columns for Fire Resistance; 5) Designing
limit states format. Tables, graphs and worked Water Filled SHS-- Columns for Fire Resistance; 6)
examplesare provided in aneasy tofollowformatfor Connections and Fire Resistance; 7) Symbols; 8)
various static uni-- planar and multi-- planar welded References; 9) Building Examples; ANNEXES I.
and bolted connections of square and rectangular Design graphs for unprotected concrete filled
hollow sections. The connections considered SHS-- columns; II Shear plate and shear stud design;
include: welded trusses ( K, N, T, Y, - connections), III. A simple assessment of a water filled column
flange plate connections, gusset plate connections, structure
Vierendeelconnections, knee connections and plate 18.5. CIDECT 5: Design Guide for
to RHS connections. Concrete Filled Hollow Section
Contents: 1) General; 2) Design of Tubular Columns Under Static and Seismic
Structures; 3) Welded Uniplanar TrussConnections Loading - 1995
between RHS Chords and RHS or CHS Bracing
Bergmann R., Matsui C.,
members; 4) Truss Design Examples; 5) Bolted
Meinsma C., Dutta D.
Connections; 6) RHS to RHS MomentConnections;
68 Pages
7) Multiplanar Welded Connections; 8) Other
AISC Code 280
Uniplanar Connections; 9) List of Symbols; 10)
References
This 5th book deals with
18.4. CIDECT 4: Design Guide for the design of hollow sec-
Structural Hollow Section Columns tions filled with concrete.
The book uses the limit
Exposed to Fire - 1994
state design method and
Twilt L., Hass R., provides a simplified
Klingsch W., EdwardsM., method for the design of
Dutts D. 95 Pages composite columns.
AISC Code 270 The simplified design method includes provisions
for compression, bending, shear and combined
This fourth book deals compression/bending load cases. Specialproblems
with the protection of hol- with mono-- symmetrical sections, preloaded
low section columns ex- columns, partially filled columns and the use of
posed to fire and is based special concrete are highlighted.
on recentand extensivere-
search, methods of fire Design Examples covering a steel reinforced
concrete filled circular hollowsection and aconcrete
protection unique to hol-
low sections are ex- filled rectangular hollow section subjected to
eccentric loading are included.
amined.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Design method
Possessing smaller exposed surface area to mass according to Eurocode 4; 3) Simplified design
ratios than hot-- rolled sections, fire protection for method; 4) Shear and load introduction; 5) Special
hollow sections can be considerably more problems; 6) Design for seismic conditions; 7)
economical. References; 8) Design examples; 9) Notations
One of the major advantages of hollow section 18.6. CIDECT 6: Design Guide for
columns isto make fire protection possible by using Structural Hollow Sections in
methods other than the classic addition of external
Mechanical Applications 1995
coatings or materials. This book investigates both
traditional methods and water and concrete filled Wardinier J., Dutta D.,
solutions. Not only do water-- cooled or Yeomans N.,
concrete-- filled columnsrequiremarkedly lessspace Packer J.A., Bucak O.
butthey also add to the slim and aesthetic appearance 244 Pages
of the construction. Calculation procedures for all AISC Code 290
three fire protection methods are explained and
charts, diagrams and examples provide practical This is the sixth book in
assistance for design. the CIDECT Series, and
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Fire Resistance; 3) deals with the design, fab-
Designing Unfilled SHS-- Columns for Fire rication and assembly of
Resistance; 4) Designing Concrete Filled hollow steel sections in
mechanical applications.

31 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

This is a user friendly book with many photographs
and diagrams to illustrate the text.
Design information is provided on both static and
fatigue behavior of members, andemphasisisplaced
on the design and detailing of bolted and welded
connections to ensure adequate and economical
results.
There isa large number of photographs showing the
varied use of hollow sections in mechanical
applications. These included ski lifts, trailer and
coach bodies, gangways, liftshafts, farmmachinery,
cranes and many more, thus demonstrating the
versatility of hollow steel sections.
Contents: 1) Introduction 2) General application
fields 3) Fabrication and assembly 4) Design
considerationsformembers5)Designconsiderations
for connections 6) Connection detailing 7) List of
Symbols 8) References.
18.7. CIDECT 7: Design Guide for
Fabrication, Assembly and Erection
of Hollow Section Structures 1998
D. Dutta, J. Wardenier, N.
Yeomans, K. Sakae, O.
Bucak, J.A. Packer
171 Pages
AISC Code 300
Being the seventh book in
the CIDECT Construction
with Hollow Steel Sec-
tions series, this design
guide deals with the post--
design perspective on the
use of such sections.
Though these processes are basically the same asfor
conventional open structures, there are some
particular characteristicsof hollowsectionsthatneed
to be considered for structural integrity and overall
economy.
Theguide describesthe methodsand equipmentused
to undertake the post-- design processes used on
structuralsteelhollowsections. The aim of the guide
is to highlight the importance of suitable design
conception and, from a designer’s aspect, note the
specialised tasks of fabricators, erectors and other
downstream contractors in completing the final
structure. The guide is well detailed and has many
photographs and sketches to illustrate it’s aims.
Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Structural hollow
section steel grades and dimensional tolerances; 3)
Structural hollow section fabrication methods; 4)
Structures and subassemblies of hollow sections;5)
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
General procedure for the fabrication and assembly
of hollow section structures; 6) Transportation of
hollowsectionsand structures;7) Erection ofhollow
sections and structures; 8) Protection against
corrosion;9)Protection againstfire;10)Economical
aspects regarding building steel structures with
hollowsections;11) Listofsymbols;12)References;
Apps. A, B, C) Chemicalcomposition and formulae
for geometrical properties of structural hollow
sections;App.D) Minimum bending radiifor SHS&
RHS for cold bending with 3-- Roller bender.
18.8. CIDECT 8: Design Guide for
Circular and Rectangular Hollow
Section Welded Joints Under Fatigue
Loading - 2001
Zhao,XL. Herion S. Pack-
er J A. Puthli R S. Sedla-
cek G. Wardenier J. Wey-
nand K. van Wingerde A
M. Yeomans N F.
121 Pages
AISC Code 305
The objective of this
eighth book is to give de-
sign recommendationsfor
structural hollow sections
under fatigue loading.
Hollowsections are widely used in construction and
mechanicalengineering where fatigue isan essential
aspectin design and fabrication. For weldedconnec-
tions between hollow sections need to consider the
non-- uniform stress distribution around the welded
intersection and thesecondary bendingstressesinthe
joint.
Contents:1)Introduction - TypesofJointsandLoad-
ing, Fatigue Life Estimation, Fatigue Resistance, Fa-
tigue Damage Accumulation, Partial Safety Factors;
2) Classification Method - Detail Categories, Nomi-
nal Stress Ranges, Fatigue Strength Curves; 3) Hot
Spot Stress Method - NominalStress Ranges, Stress
Concentration Factor (SCF) Calculations, Hot Spot
Stress Ranges; 4) SCF Calculations for CHS Joints;
5) SCFfor RHSJoints;6) StructuralDetailing for Fa-
tigue and Reinforcement; 7) Design Examples for
CHS; 8) Design Examples for RHS Joints; 9) Refer-
ences.
Appendices: A) Fatigue Actions; B) Detailed Cate-
goriesfor Classification Method;C) The Determina-
tion of SCFsby Testing and Finite ElementAnalysis;
D) SCF Formulae and Graphs for CHS Joints; E)
SCF Formulae and Graphs for RHS Joints.
32
19. MATERIAL & PRODUCT
CATALOGUES
19.1. Palmers Tube Mills Product Manual,
CD-- ROM & Website
The Palmer Tube Mills Product Manual isavailable
inarobust3-- ringbinderfolderand containsinforma-
tiononthemanufacture ofcold-- formed ERWhollow
sections, product availability (CHS, RHS, SHS,
additionalsections), specifications, sectionproperty
data, mass and bundling data, data for specific ap-
plications(pressure pipe, etc.), coatings, processing
of section ends, fabrication information, material
safety data sheets and details of distributors/suppli-
ers. Additional product brochures are also supplied
with the Manualwhichcan beobtained bycontacting
Palmer Tube Mills(see below) or requested on-- line
through the website (www.ptm.com.au).
The ProductManualisalso suppliedin electronicfor-
mat on a CD-- ROM and can be ordered on-- line,
downloadedfromourwebsite orby contactingPalm-
er Tube Mills. The CD-- ROM is filled with much de-
tailed information on the entire Palmer product
range. Using a specially developed navigation sys-
tem, designed to make it easy to find information
with the click ofa mouse,designers, engineers,speci-
fiers, suppliers and fabricators can access the infor-
mation they need within seconds.
Searching for information on a specific product, or
even a manufacturing Standard, is easy when using
the built-- in ”find” function of the electronic version
of the ProductManual. When found, the page can be
printed onany printerwithoutlosingthe quality.Oth-
er links go directly to text and spreadsheet data.
Palmer Tube Mills can supply specific technical/de-
sign capacity tables and other advice on the design,
specification and use of hollowsections. You canob-
tain a ProductManual, CD-- ROMand otherinforma-
tion by contacting ourtechnicalmarketing/salesrep-
resentatives via e-- mail ( info@ptm.com.au),
telephone (+61-- 7-- 3246 2600)or fax(+61-- 7-- 3246
2660). Alternatively, visit the new website at
www.ptm.com.au which has much more informa-
tion on Palmer Tube Mills’ products and initiatives.
33
19.2. Bisplate Range of Grades
Published by Bisalloy
Steel, Unanderra, NSW
Email:
bisalloy@bisalloy.com.au
16 pages,
September 1998
This publication gives the
specific mechanical and
chemicalpropertiesforthe
range of high strength and
high hardness steels.
The process by which Bisalloy Steels are treated to
improve toughness, structural integrity and fatigue
resistance isoutlined. Platescovered have minimum
yield stresses from 415 to 690 MPa and are:
! Bisplate 60 - low carbon, low alloy, high
strength structural steel with excellent cold
formability and low temperature toughness.
! Bisplate 70 - low carbon, low alloy, high
strength structural steel which can be welded
with minimum preheat and has excellent low
temperature fracture toughness.
! Bisplate 80 - a high strength, low alloy plate
with a high yield stress with excellent notch
toughness, good weldability and formability.
! Bisplate 80PV - for pressure vessels.
! Bisplate 320 for high impact abrasion.
! Bisplate 360 and 400 though hardened,
abrasion resistant steel plates.
! Bisplate 425 and 500 through hardened
plates for sliding and gouging applications.
19.3. Design Examples: Beams, Columns,
Trusses
Published by Bisalloy
Steel, Unanderra, NSW
Email:
bisalloy@bisalloy.com.au
14 pages, January 1998
The current AS4100 does
not cover the design of
structural elements utilis-
ing high strength
quenched and tempered
steels.
Design examples of heavily loaded elements based
on the American Institute of Steel Construction’s
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
19.4. OneSteel Product Catalogue - 1101.3 1987 Part 3: Welding and
Structural Steel non-- destructive examination
1110 1995 ISO metric precision hexagon
bolts and screws
1111 1996 ISOmetric commercialhexagon
bolts and screws
1112 1996 ISO metric hexagon nuts,
including thin nuts, slotted nuts
and castle nuts
1163 1991 Structural steel hollow sections
1170 Minimum design loads on
structures (known as the SAA
Loading Code)
1170.1 1989 Part 1: Dead and live loads and
load combinations (Amdt 1
1/93)
This CDcontains a range of structural steelproducts 1170.2 1989 Part 2: Wind loads (Amdt 1
manufactured and marketed by OneSteel 1/91, Amdt 2 1/93, Amdt 3
Manufacturing. It provides users with section 12/93)
propertiesforhotrolledstructural, welded,merchant 1170.3 1990 Part 3: Snow Loads
bar, hollow, DuraGal R profile and rail sections. 1170.4 1993 Part 4: Earthquake loads (Amdt
These propertiesare available in anon-- line formatas 1 10/94 & under review 2001)
well as in PDF format for printing. Design capacity 1210 1997 Pressure Vessels (Amdt 1 10/94)
tablesfor the DuaGal R sectionsare included aswell 1252 1996 High strength steel bolts with
as technical documents providing guidance on associated nuts and washers for
painting and welding DuraGal R Sections. structural engineering
1275 1985 Metric screw threads for
fasteners (Amdt 1 8/86
20. AS/NZS STANDARDS reconfirmed 1990)
20.1. Standards referenced in AS4100 - 1391 1991 Methods for tensile testing of
1998 Steel structures metals
1418 Cranes (including hoists and
AS4100-- 1998isaprimaryreferencedstandardofthe winches)
Building Code of Australia. The first edition in the 1418.1 1994 Part 1: General requirements
limit states design format was published in 1990. It
wasfollowed by amendments in 1992, 1993(2) and 1418.3 1997 Part 3: Bridge, gantry and portal
cranes (including container
with amendment 4, the code was published as a
cranes) (Amdt 1 9/98)
second edition in 1998.
1418.5 1995 Part 5: Mobile and vehicle
Inaddition tothe code,AS4100 Supplement1 - 1999 loading cranes (Amdt 1 6/99,
Steelstructures-- Commentary (for the 1998 edition Amdt 2 8/99)
of AS4100) has been published.
1530 Methods for fire tests on
The following referenced codes have been listed in building materials, components
numericalorder and include noteson thepublication and structures
date and the status of any amendments. 1530.4 1997 Part 4: Fire-- resistance tests of
Australian Standardsare availablein eitherhardcopy elements of building
or downloadable PDF format (PC and Mac construction
compatible) directly from the Standards Australia 1553 Covered electrodes for welding
website (www.standards.com.au) 1553.1 1995 Part 1: low carbon steel
1101.1 1993 Graphical symbols for general electrodes for manualmetal-- arc
engineering welding of carbon steels and
carbon-- manganese steels

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 34

1554 Structural steel welding 2717 Welding – electrodes – gas
1554.1 2000 Part 1: Welding of steel metal arc
structures 2717.1 1996 Part 1: Ferritic steel electrodes
1554.2 1993 Part 2: Stud welding (steel studs 3600 1994 Concrete Structures
to steel) 3678 1996 Structural steel – Hot-- rolled
1554.5 1995 Part 5: Welding of steel plates, floorplates and slabs
structures subject to high levels 3679 Structural steel
of fatigue loading
3679.1 1996 Part 1: Hot-- rolled bars and
1559 1997 Hot-- dip galvanised steel bolts sections (Amdt 1 6/97, Amdt 2
with associated nuts and 5/2000)
washers for tower construction
3679.2 1996 Part 2: Welded I sections (Amdt
1594 1997 Hot-- rolled steel flat products 1 9/98)
1657 1992 Fixed platforms, walkways, SAA-- HB77 Australian Bridge Design
stairways and ladders – design, Code
construction and installation
SAA-- HB77.2 1996 Part 2: design loads
1735 Lifts, escalators and moving
walks (known as the SAA lift SAA-- HB77.8 1996 Part 8: Railway
code) Supplement
1735.1 1999 Part 1: General requirements PD6493 1991 Guidance on Some Methods for
the Derivation of Acceptance
1858 Electrodes and fluxes for Levels for Defects in Fusion
submerged-- arc welding Welded Joints, HMSO
1858.1 1986 Part 1: Carbon steels and carbon WTIA 1994 Technical note 5 ‘Flame Cutting
– manganese steels (Amdt 1 of Steels’
10/87)
1873 Powder – actuated (PA) 20.2. Other AS/NZS Standards and
hand-- held fastening tools Handbooks
(withdrawn)
1873.1 1994 Part 1: Selection, operation and 1110.1 2000 ISO hexagon bolts, screw.
maintenance Product grades A & B Bolts
1873.2 1994 Part 2: Design and Construction 1110.2 2000 ISO hexagon bolts, screws.
Product grades A & B Screws
1873.3 1994 Part 3: Charges
1111.1 2000 ISO hexagon bolts & screws.
1873.4 1994 Part 4: Fasteners Product Grade C Bolts
2074 1982 Steel castings 1111.2 2000 ISO hexagon bolts & screws.
2203.1 1990 Cored electrodes for arc Product grade C Screws
welding - ferritic steel 1394 2001 Round steel wire for ropes
electrodes (Amdt 1 3/92)
1397 2001 Steel sheet and strip - Hot-- dip
2205 Methods of destructive testing zinc coated or aluminium/zinc
of welds in metal coated
2205.2 1997 Part 2.1: Transverse butt tensile 1418.18 2001 Cranes runways and monorails
test
1627 1997 Metal finishing-- Preparation
2214 1994 Certification of welding and pretreatment of surfaces
supervisors – Structural steel
welding 2207 1994 Non-- destructive testing –
Ultrasonic testing of fusion
2327.1 1996 Composite structures - simply welds
supported beams
3828 1998 Guidelines for the erection of
2670 Evaluation of human exposure building steelwork
to whole body vibration
4041 1998 Pressure piping
2670.1 1990 Part 1: General requirements
1595 1998 Cold-- rolled unalloyed steel
2670.2 1990 Part 2: Continuous and shock sheet & strip
induced vibration in buildings
(1 to 80 Hz) 2311 2000 Guide to painting of buildings

35 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

3750 1995 Paints for steel structures
3774 1996 Loads on bulk solids containers
3894 1996 Site testing of protective
coatings
4291.1 2000 Mechanical properties of
fasteners made of carbon steel
and alloy steel-- Bolts, screws,
studs
4600 1996 Cold-- formed steel structures
4680 1999 Galvanized (zinc) coatings on
fabricated ferrous articles
4792 1999 Galvanized (zinc) coatings on
ferrous hollow section
HB2.1 1998 Australian standards for civil
engineering students – Materials
& testing
HB2.2 1998 Australian standards for civil
engineering students –
Structural engineering
HB48 1999 Steel structures design
handbook
HB61 1999 Handbook of building standards
extracts
21. HERA STRUCTURAL
PUBLICATIONS
HERA(Heavy EngineeringResearch Association)is
the sister organization to AISC in New Zealand.
HERAhaspublished numerousvaluabledocuments
pertaining to structuralsteeldesign. In particular,the
New Zealand conditions have required more
stringent earthquake loading requirements. All
publications are available from the HERA
Information Centreor availablevia theonline format
www.hera.org.nz.
R4-- 50 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on
Composite Design and Construction
Volume 1 and Volume 2 - September
1988
R4-- 56 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on
Composite Floor System Design and
Construction: Emphasis on In-- Service
Vibration - February 1990
R4-- 58 Manual of Standard Connection Details
for Structural Steelwork Second Edition -
April 1990
R4-- 60 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on Stressed
Skin Diaphragm Design and Construction
- May 1990
R4-- 76 Seismic Design Procedures for Steel
Structures - May 1995
STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001
R4-- 79 Report to the Heavy Engineering
Research Association on the Los Angeles
Earthquake January 1994 - November
1994
R4-- 80 Structural Steelwork Limit State Design
Guides Vol. 1 - July 1994
R4-- 82 Calculation of the Design Fire Resistance
of Composite Concrete Slabs with
Profiled Steel Sheet Under Fire
Emergency Conditions - November 1994
R4-- 83 Fire Models for Large Firecells - March
1996
R4-- 87 Development of Moment-- Resisting Steel
Frames Incorporating Semi-- Rigid Elastic
Joints: 1994/95 Research Report -
September 1995
R4-- 88 Development of Moment-- Resisting Steel
Frames Incorporating Semi-- Rigid Elastic
Joints: 1995/96 Research Project -
September 1996
R4-- 89 HERA Fire Protection Manuals Sections
7 & 8 - September 1996
R4-- 91 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on Design
of Steel Buildings for Fire Emergency
Conditions - November 1996
R4-- 92 Restraint Classification for Beam
Member MomentCapacityDetermination
to NZS 3404:1997 - July 1997
R4-- 94 Development of Perimeter
Moment-- Resisting Steel Frames
Incorporating Semi-- Rigid Elastic
Joints:1996/97 Research Report - May
1998
R4-- 96 Structural Steelwork Estimating Guide -
July 1998
R4-- 99 Specification for the Fabrication, Erection
and Surface Treatment of Structural
Steelwork - September 1998
R4-- 100 StructuralSteelwork ConnectionsGuide -
April 1999
R4-- 101 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on the Steel
Structures Standard NZS 3404:1997 -
February 1999
36
22. STEEL CONSTRUCTION JOURNALS
The AISC has published its quarterly technical journal “SteelConstruction” since 1967. The papers are listed
in the following table. Some copiesof mostissues are in stock. From Volume 34, Number 4 (December 2000),
the papers are available for members on the website (www.aisc.com.au).

YEAR /
VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR
1967 No 1 A Future for Steel Structures A Wargon
Vol 1 No 2 Elastic Analysis of Eccentric Connections H Harrison
No 3 Massive Welded Girders E W Phillips
No 4 Composite Construction S G Silhan / R C Westbrook
1968 No 1 Contemporary Research and Routine Design M G Lay
Vol 2 No 2 Welding of High Strength Steels J B Wade
No 3 Universal Columns in High Strength Steels H B Harrison
No 4 Fire Protection of Steel Structures R J Bonaldi
Special AS CAI A Review and Explanation M G Lay
1969 No 1 Buckling of Plane Frames N S Trahair
Vol 3 No 2 The Computer - A Tool for Structural Designers P Grundy
No 3 Residual Stresses in Steel Sections M G Lay / R Ward
No 4 Steel Bridges - Competitive? P Elliott
1970 No 1 City Buildings - First Cost or Maximum Worth? F R Khan
Vol 4 No 2 Sway in Structures M G Lay
No 3 Jumbo Hangars AISC
No 4 Steel on the Highway Reprint
1971 No 1 Tall Steel Buildings - New Approaches Reprint
Vol 5 No 2 Moment Distribution Methods M Lowrey
No 3 Steel Highway Bridges - Today and Tomorrow Reprint
No 4 Car Parks Reprint
1972 No 1 Dynamic Analysis of Steel Frames M J Lowrey
Vol 6 No 2 Temperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings
Part 1 Response of Steel Columns to Temperature E R McLaughlin
Exposure
Part 2 Structural Analysis H H West / A K Kar
Part 3 Design Considerations F R Khan / A F Nassetta
No 3 Innovation in Tall Buildings
The Economics of Suspended Structures P B Edwards
Exposed Steelwork for Multi-- Storey Buildings G B Godfrey
Composite Steel-- Concrete Building Frame D Belford
No 4 Steel Structures Code - The 1972 Version M G Lay
1973 No 1 Beams and Columns by Computer D Batten / R Toakley
Vol 7 No 2 Effective Lengths M G Lay
No 3 Steel Floors C C Resevsky
No 4 Space Frames Reprint
1974 No 1 Design of Compression Members B E Gorenc
Vol 8 No 2 Modern Bridges in Steel Reprint
No 3 Cold Formed Members V R Beck
No 4 Economic Advantages of Steel Reprint
1975 No 1 Prediction of Residual Stresses / European Column J B Dwight
Vol 9 Curves
No 2 The 1975 Changes to AS 1250 M G Lay
No 3 Stiffened Compression Panels J B Dwight
No 4 Steel Footbridges AISC

37 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

YEAR /
VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR
1976 No 1 Highly Restrained Welded Connections Reprint
Vol 10 No 2 Low Rise Industrial Structures M G Lay
No 3 Grandstands Reprint
No 4 Crane Runway Girders B E Gorenc
1977 No 1 Economy in Tall Buildings Reprint
Vol 11 No 2 Decision Logic Tables and AS 1250 T J Hogan
No 3 Bolting of Steel Structures A Firkins / T J Hogan
No 4 Limit State Steel Design Code - A Discussion B Gorenc / T J Hogan
1978 No 1 Elevated Steel Tanks D W Ramm
Vol 12 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections A Firkins / T J Hogan /
I R Thomas
No 3 Wall Loads in Steel Bins P C Arnold / A G McLean
No 4 Fire Engineering Design Reprint from Swedish
Institute
1979 No 1 Design of Fillet Weld Groups P Swanell
Vol 13 Fillet Weld Design in the AISC Standardised Structural T Hogan / I R Thomas
Connections
No 2 Painting Steelwork P M Woods / C P Lloyd /
A Pavey / M Frost-- Drury
No 3 Bearing Stress and Edge Distance T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 4 Plastic Design of Steel Frames Reprint ECCS
1980 No 1 CBA Centre - Sydney I McKenzie / N Morrison/
Vol 14 R Sim
No 2 Tee Sections T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 3 The 1981 Changes to AS 1250 T J Hogan / I R Thomas
No 4 Single Angle Struts S T Woolcock /
S Kitipornchai
1981 No 1 Thin-- Walled Beams R Q Bridge / N S Trahair
Vol 15 No 2 Hollow Sections J Wardenier
No 3 Cold-- Formed Purlins G J Hancock
No 4 Steel Bridges A R Smith
1982 No 1 Portal Frame Design L J Morris
Vol 16 No 2 Wide Span Structures D T Wright / R G Taylor
No 3 Tapered Masts R J Veitch
No 4 Composite Columns R P Johnson / D G Smith
1983 No 1 City Buildings A Firkins
Vol 17 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections - Five Years On A Firkins / T J Hogan
Two Recent Long-- Span Steel Structures N Long
No 3 Cold-- Formed Columns G J Hancock
No 4 Economical Steelwork D L Oakes
1984 No 1 Composite Floors R Q Bridge
Vol 18 No 2 Fire Protective Products AISC
No 3 Curving Structural Steel G Riviezzi
No 4 Guyed Masts ACADS working party on
Guyed Masts

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 38

YEAR /
VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR
1985 No 1 Tension Bracing S T Woolcock /
Vol 19 S Kitipornchai
No 2 Pin Connections G Riviezzi
No 3 Fire Testing Simulation - Thermal Responses I D Bennetts / D J Proe /
I R Thomas
No 4 Fire Testing Simulation I D Bennetts / D J Proe /
1. Mechanical Response I R Thomas
2. Overall Behaviour
1986 No 1 Buckling of Braced Beams P F Dux / S Kitipornchai
Vol 20 No 2 Structural Steel Fire Protection C I Smith
No 3 Portal Frame Deflections S T Woolcock /
S Kitipornchai
No 4 Steel Construction in Canada J Mullins / P Saunderson
1987 No 1 Developments in Steel High Rise Construction in D C Gillett / K B Watson
Vol 21 Australia
No 2 Limit State Design Rules for Steel Beam-- Columns R Q Bridge / N S Trahair
No 3 High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steels in J E Croll
Structures
No 4 No issue
1988 No 1 The State Bank Centre - A Concept in Steel R McPharlin
Vol 22 The Structural Steel Fabricator in Sub-- Contract
No 2 Ductility of Simply-- Supported Composite Beams M Patrick / R Q Bridge
No 3 Serviceability Performance of Steel Joints R Kohoutek
No 4 High Rise Residential Buildings Staggered Truss R K Huzzard / J W Larson
System
1989 No 1 Recent Developments in Australian Standards for Steel S Kotwal / R Doherty
Vol 23 Flat Products
No 2 Stability of I-- Beams Under Self-- Weight Lifting P F Dux / S Kitipornchai
No 3 Design of Continuous Composite Slabs - The Issue of M Patrick
Ductility
Composite Beam Web Penetration Design Methods - M Patrick
Putting Theory into Practice
No 4 Plastic Bending Tests of Cold-- Formed Rectangular S W Hasan / G J Hancock
Hollow Sections
1990 No 1 Safe Load Tables and the Human Dimension M G Stewart
Vol 24 No 2 Fabrication Cost of Structural Steelwork A Firkins / R Hemphill
No 3 A New partial Shear Connection Strength Model for M Patrick
Composite Slabs
No 4 Predicting the Ultimate Structural Behaviour of F G Al-- Bermani /
Transmission Towers S Kitipornchai
1991 No 1 Construction Safety. Analysis and Testing of a Static P H Dayawansa / C C Goh /
Vol 25 Line System R Wilkie
No 2 Design of angles to AS 4100 - 1990 P H Dayawansa / C C Goh /
I D Bennetts
AS 4100 - 1990 Hints for Designers A A Syam
No 3 Steel Headframes for Mines A J May
AS 4100 - 1900. Hints for Designers. Design A A Syam
Capacity Tables for Structural Steel - A Quick Access
Guide
No 4 RHS Tubular Sections Grade C450. Plate Slenderness X-- L Zhao / G J Hancock
Limits

39 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

YEAR /
VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR
1992 No 1 Beam Formulae A Syam
Vol 26 No 2 Design of Single Storey Industrial Buildings for Fire A J O’Meagher / I D
Resistance Bennetts / P H Dayawansa /
I R Thomas
No 3 Design of Steel Structures for Fire Resistance in I R Thomas / I D Bennetts /
Accordance with AS 4100 D J Proe
No 4 An Approximate Simple Plastic Analysis of Portal S P Pikusa / M A Bradford
Frame Structures
1993 No 1 Design of Unbraced Beams N S Trahair / T J Hogan /
Vol 27 A A Syam
No 2 Testing and Design of Bondek II Composite Slabs for M Patrick
Vertical Shear
No 3 Design of Unbraced Cantilevers N S Trahair
Deflections in Pinned-- Base Haunched Gable Frame S Parsanejad
No 4 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel A A Syam / T Hogan
1994 No 1 Partial Shear Strength Design of Simply-- Supported M Patrick / P H Dayawansa/
Vol 28 Composite Beams - Draft Revision of AS 2327, Part 1 R Wilkie / K B Watson
No 2 Background to the New Loading Code – Minimum J W Woodside
Design Loads on Structures AS 1170 Part 4:
Earthquake loads
Earthquake Resistant Design of Steel Structures - An G L Hutchinson / L Pham /
Introduction for the Practising Engineer J L Wilson
No 3 Structural Analysis to AS 4100 - An Introduction.
Paper 1. Introduction to Methods of Analysis in AS R Q Bridge
4100 - 1990
Paper 2. Elastic Method of Analysis of Rigid Jointed G J Hancock
Frames Including Second Order Effects
Paper 3. Second Order Elastic Analysis Solution G J Hancock
Technique
No 4 Wind Loads on Steel-- Framed Low-- Rise Buildings J D Holmes / M J Syme
1995 No 1 Benchmarks for Nonlinear Elastic Frame Analysis J Petrolito / K A Legge
Vol 29 No 2 Steel Lateral Load Resisting Systems for Buildings of N van der Kreek
up to 8 Levels
No 3 A Guide to the Requirements for Engineering Edited by A A Syam AISC
Drawings of Structural Steelwork
No 4 Australian Composite Structures Standard AS 2327, M Patrick / P H Dayawansa
Part 1: Simply-- Supported Beams / I Eadie / K B Watson /
N van der Kreek
1996 No 1 Simplified Torsion Design of Compact I-- Beams N S Trahair / Y L Pi
Vol 30 No 2 Costing of Steelwork from Feasibility through to K B Watson / S Dallas /
Completion N van der Kreek / T Main
No 3 An Update on the Corrosion Process and Protection of R A Francis
Structural Steelwork
No 4 Design of Tubular Members and Connections using X L Zhao / G J Hancock /
Amendment Number 3 to AS 4100 R Sully
1997 No 1 Australia’s First Seismic Resistant P McBean
Vol 31 Eccentrically-- Braced Frame
No 2 Tests on Static Line Systems P H Dayawansa / R Ralph
No 3 Design of Tapered Haunched Universal Section TJ Hogan / AA Syam
Members in Portal Frame Rafters
No 4 Occupational health and safety: Best practice study of John Holland Construction
erection of steelwork at Sydney showground – & Engineering Pty Ltd and
Homebush Bay WorkCover NSW

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 40

YEAR /
VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR
1998 No 1 Design and documentation deficiency and its impacton P A Tilley
Vol 32 steel construction
No 2 Innovative tied portal steel structure achieves a world A N Pollard
first
No 3 Inorganic zinc or galvanizing: choosing the ideal R A Francis
corrosion protection for structural steel
No 4 Full scale experiments of a steel portal frame building T J Heldt / M Mahendran

1999 No 1 Occupational health and safety: A A Syam / G Saunders

Vol 33 Welding fume minimisation guidelines
No 2 The evolution of Australian Material Standards for G Rhyder / A Forbes /
structural steel S Kotwal
The evolution of Australian Material Standards for S Kotwal
Pressure Vessel Plate

Steel stocked in Australia – A Summary for designers R Keays

of heavy steelwork
No 3 Information technology in the Australian Steel P Burns
construction industry
No 4 Australia’s grand stadia: D McDonald / M Sheldon R
Stadium Australia, Colonial Stadium Sheldon
2000 No 1 Assessment of existing structures: A strength limit state G F Barker
Vol 34 appraisal of hot driven rivets
No 2 Lateral buckling design of portal frame rafters N S Trahair
No 3 Design details for after fabrication galvanized Galvanizers Association of
structures Australia
No 4 Engineering documentation standards
Incomplete documentation: Is there a problem L Wilson
Design and documentation quality and itsimpact on the P A Tilley / S L McFallan /
construction process S N Tucker
Engineers, documentation and litigation A Baigent
Engineering documentation standards P Cocciardi
Spencer Street Footbridge - Case Study B McNiven

Brief Comments on Engineering Documentation E Zyhajlo

Standards
2001 No 1 An Engineering insight into the fundamentalbehaviour S Fernando
Vol 35 of tensile bolted joints
Design of steel roof and wall cladding systems for M Mahendran
pull-- out failures

41 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

23. WEBSITES
23.1. Organizations
Ajax Fasteners www.ajaxfast.com.au
American Institute of Steel Construction www.aisc.org
American Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org
American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org
American Society for Testing and Materials www.astm.org
American Society of Civil Engineers www.asce.org
American Welding Society www.aws.org
Association of Consulting Engineers www.acea.aust.com
Australasian Corrosion Association www.corrprev.org.au
Australasian Wind Engineering Society www.awes.org
Australian Building Codes Board www.abcb.gov.au
Australian Earthquake Engineering Society www.aees.org.au
Australian Institute of Steel Construction www.aisc.com.au
Australian Stainless Steel Development Association www.assda.asn.au
BHP Billiton www.bhpsteel.com
Bisalloy www.emailmetals.com.au
Blast Cleaning and Coating Association of Australia www.bcca.asn.au
British Constructional Steelwork Association www.bcsa.org.uk
British Standards Institute www.bsi-- global.com
Building Innovation and Construction Technology www.dbce.bl.uk
Building Research Association of New Zealand www.branz.org.nz
Building Science Forum of Australia www.bsfa.org.au
Cordell Building Information Services www.cordell.com.au
Corrosion Prevention Centre www.corrprev.org.au
European Convention for Constructional Steelwork www.steelconstruct.com
Fielders Steel Roofing www.fielders.com.au
Finnish Constructional Steelwork Association www.vtt.fi
Galvanizers Association of Australia www.gaa.com.au
Heavy Engineering Research Association www.hera.org.nz
Institute of Civil Engineers(U.K.) www.ice.org.uk
Institute of Industrial Engineers www.iienet.org
Institution of Engineers Australia www.ieaust.org.au
Institution of Mechanical Engineers www.engc.org.uk
Institution of Structural Engineers www.istructe.org.uk
Integrated Technical Software www.spacegass.com
International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
www.iabse.ethz.ch
International Iron and Steel Institute www.worldsteel.org
International Standards Organization www.iso.ch
Iron and Steel Institute of Japan www.isij.or.jp
Japanese Society of Steel Construction www.jssc.or.jp
Lincoln Electric www.lincolnelectric.com
Master Builders Australia www.mba.org.au
National Asssociation of Steel Framed Housing www.nash.mx.com.au
National Association of Testing Authorities Australia www.nata.asn.au
National Institute of Steel Detailing (U.S.) www.nisd.org
NATSPEC www.cis.asn.au
New Zealand Standards www.standards.co.nz
OHS www.ohs.com.au
OneSteel www.onesteel.com
Palmer Tube Mills www.ptm.com.au
Rawlinsons Construction Cost Guide www.rawlinsons.com.au
Roads and Traffic Authority www.rta.nsw.gov.au
Royal Australian Institute of Architects www.raia.com.au
Singapore Structural Steel Society home1.pacific.net.sg/~ssss
Society for Protective Coatings www.sspc.org
South African Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org.za

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001 42

 South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute www.seaisi.org
Southern African Institute of Steel Construction www.saisc.co.za
Standards Australia www.standards.com.au
Steel Construction Institute (U.K.) www.steel-- sci.org
Steel Institute of Australia www.steelinstitute.com.au
Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia www.sria.com.au
Surface Coatings Association Australia www.scaa.asn.au
Swedish Institute of Steel Construction www.sbi-- se
Swiss Institute of Steel Construction www.szs.ch
Welding Technology Institute of Australia www.wtia.com.au
23.2. Sites Referenced in this Paper
AEC Systems www.aecsystems.com.au
AISC www.aisc.com.au
BHP www.bhp.com.au
www.bhpsteel.com.au
Bisalloy www.bisalloy.com.au
Engineering Software Solutions www.ess.com.au
Engineering Systems www.engsys.com.au
Fielders www.fielders.com.au
G & D Computing www.strand.aust.com
Graham Group www.grahamgroup.com.au
www.weldlok.com.au
HERA www.hera.org.nz
Industrial Galvanisers www.civilproducts.indgalv.com.au
www.poles.indgalv.com.au
Integrated Technical Software www.spacegass.com
LIMSTEEL www.civil.usyd.edu/case/casesoft
Lysaght www.lysaght.com
OneSteel www.onesteel.com
Palmer Tube Mills www.ptm.com.au
Standards Australia www.standards.com.au
Stramit www.stramit.com.au
STRUCAD www.acecad.co.uk
Email: acecad@it-- net.au
Welding Technology Institute of Australia www.wtia.com.au
X-- STEEL distributor www.pacificcomputing.com
www.xsteel.com

23.3. Journals Received by AISC Library for Benefit of Members

Arup Journal Metal Working Australia
ASTM Standardization News Modern Steel Construction (U.S.)
Australasian Welding Journal New Civil Engineer International (U.K.)
Australian Building News New Steel Construction (U.K.)
Australian Civil Engineering Transactions Nickel
Australian Concrete Construction Steel & Composite Structures
Building Australia Steel Construction
Building Economist Steel Construction (S.A.)
Civil Engineering (U.S.) Steel in Focus
Construct in Steel Steel Profile
Corrosion Management Steel Structures
Engineering Journal (U.S.) Steel Today and Tomorrow (Japan)
Engineers Australia Structural Engineer (U.K.)
Hot Dip Galvanizing Structural Engineering International (Brussells)
International Journal of Steel Structures TAS (Australian Standard)
Journal of Constructional Steel Research Welding Journal (U.S.)
Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE (U.S.)
Journal of Structural Engineering (Madras)

43 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001