Amdal Eia Stipram

2/26/18
AMDAL
Amiluhur Soeroso
PENGERTIAN, PERANAN DAN

PROSES AMDAL
1
2/26/18
Review: Definition of EIA

Environmental
Impact Assessment is
ü
A formal process for identifying:
•likely effects of activities or Environment is
projects on the broadly interpreted:
ENVIRONMENT, and on physical, biological,
human health and welfare. and social.
•means and measures to

In EIA, the term
mitigate & monitor these
“ impacts” is used
impacts instead of “ effects
of activities. ”
What is an
impact ?
3
What is an impact?
The impact of an activity
is a deviation (a change) The baseline
from the baseline situation is the
situation that is caused existing
by the activity. environmental
situation or
condition in the
absence of the
! To measure an impact, you activity.
must know what the
The baseline
baseline situation is. situation is a key More…
concept in EIA.
ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic

Concepts for EIA. Visit 4
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
DAMPAK & AMDAL
DAMPAK = pengaruh pada sesuatu akibat suatu perbuatan
DAMPAK LH = pengaruh perubahan pada LH yang disebabkan oleh

suatu usaha &/ kegiatan
PROYEK L H
PERLU TELAAHAN YANG CERMAT ATAS FAKTA DI LAPANG
AMDAL
AMDAL, ANDAL
DAMPAK & AMDAL
AMDAL TIDAK SAMA DENGAN ANDAL
AMDAL = bagian dari studi kelayakan suatu

usaha &/ kegiatan untuk proses perijinan
ANDAL = telaahan secara cermat & mendalam

tentang dampak besar & penting suatu rencana
FAKTA LAPANGAN LABORATORIUM
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Proses AMDAL
DAMPAK & AMDAL BAGAIMANA TAHU ?
ANDAL = HASIL TELAAHAN CERMAT & MENDALAM

ATAS DASAR FAKTA DI LAPANGAN
DATA FISIK DATA SOSIAL

LINGKUNGAN BUDAYA
PENGAMATAN ANALISIS
PENGUKURAN LABORATORIUM
DI LAPANG
The baseline situation

Water Quantity, quality, reliability,
In characterizing the accessibility
baseline situation,
Soils Erosion, crop productivity,
many environmental fallow periods, salinity,
components MAY be nutrient concentrations
of interest Fauna Populations, habitat
The components of
Env Health Disease vectors, pathogens
interest are those that
are likely to be affected
Flora Composition and density of
by your activity—or natural vegetation,
upon which your productivity, key species
activity depends for its
success Special Key species
ecosystems
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
The baseline situation

The baseline situation is not simply a “snapshot.”
Describing the baseline situation requires describing both the normal
Water table
variability in environmental components & current trends in these
components.
time
This chart of
groundwater levels
shows both variability
and a trend over time.
Both are part of the

groundwater baseline
situation.
www.encapafrica.org
Types of impacts & their attributes

Direct & indirect
The EIA process is impacts
concerned with
Short-term & long-
all types of impacts and term impacts
may describe them in a
Adverse & beneficial
number of ways
impacts
Cumulative impacts
¯ Intensity
¯ Direction
¯ Spatial extent
¯ Duration
¯ Frequency
But all impacts are
¯ Reversibility NOT treated
¯ Probability equally.
www.encapafrica.org
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Specifically,
! It is ESSENTIAL in EIA
to focus on the most
significant impacts.
Don’t waste effort & time

analyzing and discussing
impacts that are less
important.

www.encapafrica.org
What is an activity?
We are discussing the impacts of activities.
What are activities?
ü An activity is:
a desired
accomplishment or
output Accomplishing an activity
E.g.: a road, seedling requires a set of actions
production, or river
ACTIVITY: ACTIONS:
diversion to irrigate market access Survey, grading, culvert
land road construction, compaction,
rehabilitation etc. . .
A project or program may

consist of many activities
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
DAMPAK KEGIATAN DAMPAK
PEMBANGUNAN
SOSIAL, BIOFISIK PRIMER

EKONOMI,
BUDAYA
SOSIAL,
EKONOMI SEKUNDER
BIOFISIK BUDAYA
KENAIKAN
KESEJAHTERAAN
TUJUAN
PERUNTUKAN AMDAL
Setiap rencana yang diperrkirakan mempunyai dampak

penting thd lingkungan wajib dilengkapi dengan AMDAL
Jadi AMDAL diperuntukkan bagi suatu rencana
Untuk proyek yang sudah jadi dipergunakan Penyajian

Evaluasi Lingkungan (PEL) dan atau Studi Evaluasi
Lingkungan (SEL)
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SITUASI AMDAL AMRIL
Proyek sedang direncanakan + +

Proyek telah jadi dan operasional - +
Proyek telah jadi dan operasional
serta direncanakan perluasan + +
Daerah dg potensi pembangunan tetapi
belum ada rencana pembangunan - +
MENGAPA DIPERLUKAN AMDAL

• Adanya UU dan PP yang menghendaki
adanya AMDAL untuk dilakukan pada
proyek-proyek yang akan dibangun
• AMDAL harus dilakukan agar kualitas
lingkungan tidak rusak karena adanya
proyek-proyek pembangunan.
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2/26/18
AKTIVITAS PEMB. EKONOMI KESEJAHTERAAN

MANUSIA MANUSIA MANUSIA
DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN
(POSITIP/NEGATIP)
SIAPA YG HARUS MELAKUKAN AMDAL

Pemrakarsa proyek
Sebagai penyebab timbulnya pencemaran

• Maka yang harus menyelenggarakan AMDAL adalah
pemrakarsa proyek termasuk dalam beaya-beaya
pengendalian dalam batas baku mutu yg ditetapkan
oleh pemerintah
• Dalam pelaksanaannya pemrakarsa dapat
memanfaatkan jasa konsultan AMDAL atau pihak lain
atas dasar saran pemerintah
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2/26/18
PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK
Proyek bersifat: - fisik

- Non fisik
• AMDAL mempunyai peranan dalam pengambilan
keputusan tentang proyek yang sedang
direncanakan
• Artinya AMDAL tidak banyak artinya apabila
dilakukan setelah diambil keputusan untuk
melaksanakan proyek tersebut
• AMDAL tidak boleh dianggap sebagai satu-satunya
faktor penentu dalam pengambilan keputusan,
tetapi sebagai masukan tambahan untuk
pengambilan keputusan.
Peranan Dalam Pengelolaan Proyek
Fase-fase pengelolaan proyek:

– Fase identifikasi
– Fase studi kelayakan
– Fase rekayasa (rancangan)
– Fase pembangunan proyek
– Fase proyek berjalan (operasi)
– Fase pasca operasi
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STUDI
KELAYAKAN
TEKNIS
STUDI
KELAYAKAN
LINGKUNGAN
STUDI (AMDAL)
KELAYAKAN
EKONOMIS
PROYEK DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN

BERJALAN LINGKUNGAN LINGKUNGAN
Pengendalian Lingkungan dg pendekatan Teknis
STUDI
KELAYAKAN
TEKNIS STUDI
KELAYAKAN
LINGKUNGAN
STUDI (AMDAL)
KELAYAKAN
EKONOMIS
PROYEK DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN

BERJALAN LINGKUNGAN LINGKUNGAN
Pengendalian Lingkungan dg pendekatan Limbah
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2/26/18

Amdal Sebagai Dokumen yang penting
• Sbg informasi pembanding dlm

melaksanakan hasil pemantauan
• Sbg informasi yg berharga bagi proyek lain
yg akan dibangun di dekat lokasinya.
• Merupakan dokumen penting yg dpt
digunakan di pengadilan dlm menghadapi
tuntutan pihak lain.

Kegunaan AMDAL bagi berbagai pihak
1. Kegunaan bagi pemerintah

• Dpt membantu dlm menentukan
kebijaksanaan yg tepat dlm perencanaan
dan pengambilan keputusan serta
peningkatan pelaksanaan pengel.
Lingkungan hidup.
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2/26/18

2. Kegunaan bagi pemilik proyek
• Untuk melindungi proyek dari tuduhan
pelanggaran
• Untuk melindungi proyek yg melanggar UU
atau PP yg berlaku
• Untuk melihat dan memecahkan masalah-
masalah lingkungan yg akan dihadapi di
masa akan datang
• Sebagai sbr informasi lingkungan di sekitar
lokasi proyek

3. Kegunaan bagi pemilik modal
• Bank sbg pemilik modal selalu
menyertakan AMDAL setiap pengajuan
permintaan pinjaman
• Tujuan: agar dapat menjamin
keberhasilan dan keamanan modal yg
disalurkan
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2/26/18

4. Kegunaan bagi masyarakat
• Dpt mengetahui rencana
pembangunan di daerahnya
• Mengetahui perubahan lingkungan
dimasa sesudah proyek berjalan
• Mengetahui hak dan kewajiban di dlm
hubungan dg proyek

5. Kegunaan lainnya
• Kegunaan dlm analisis dan kemajuan
IPTEK
• Kegunaan dalam penelitian
• Timbulnya konsultan AMDAL yg baik
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2/26/18
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS AMDAL

1. Menumbuhkan pengertian bahwa AMDAL bukan
sbg penghambat pembangunan tetapi untuk
menyempurnakan perencanaan pembangunan.
2. Banyak data yg kurang relevan dg masalah-
masalah yg dipelajari
3. Laporan AMDAL harus ditulis dg bahasa yg
mudah dimengerti
4. Rekomendasi yg diberikan harus jelas dan
spesifik
5. Adanya komisi AMDAL yg berkualitas
6. Belum digunakan RPL sbg umpan balik untuk
penyempurnaan implementasi dan operasi proyek
AMDAL adalah keseluruhan proses yang

meliputi penyusunan, berturut-turut :
1. Kerangka Acuan bagi penyusunan Analisis
Dampak Lingkungan (KA) ,
2. Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (ANDAL),
3. Rencana Pengeloiaan Lingkungan (RKL),
4. Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (RPL).
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3 komponen yang terkait dalam

penyusunan AMDAL
§ Pemrakarsa adalah orang atau badan yang mengajukan dan
bertanggung jawab atas suatu rencana kegiatan yang akan
dilaksanakan
§ Instansi yang bertanggung jawab, adalah instansi yang
berwenang memberikan keputusan tentang pelaksanaan
rencana kegiatan
§ Komisi Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan adalah komisi
yang dibentuk oleh Menteri atau Pimpinan Lembaga
Pemerintah Non Departemen di tingkat pusat, dan oieh
Gubernur Kepaia Daerah Tingkat I di Tingkat Propinsi
Prosedur Pelaksanaan
AMDAL
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2/26/18
Penyusunan AMDAL, ditempuh beberapa

langkah dg urutan sbb:
1. Kerangka acuan ANDAL
• KA ANDAL ini merupakan ruang lingkup studi ANDAL
yang disepakati bersama antara semua pihak yang
terkait Yaitu : pemrakarsa, penyususn ANDAL
maupun instansi pemerintah yang bertanggung
jawab terhadap kegiatan yang bersangkutan.
• KA inilah yang menjadi pegangan dari semua pihak,
baik dalam penyusunan ANDAL dan evaluasi
dokumen studi tersebut .
Penyusunan AMDAL, ditempuh beberapa

langkah dg urutan sbb:
2. ANDAL, RKL DAN RPL
– Ada 5 (lima) langkah penyusunan ANDAL, RKL
DAN RPL,
Pengumpulan data dan informasi tentang :

•Rencana kegiatan
•Rencana lingkungan awal
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The EIA process
Phase II:
Phase I:
Full EIA study
Initial inquiries
(if needed)
•Understand • Scope
proposed activities • Evaluate baseline situation
• Identify & choose alternatives
•Screen • Identify and characterize potential
•Conduct preliminary impacts of proposed activity and
assessment (if each alternative
needed) • Develop mitigation and monitoring
• Communicate and document
Our focus!
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
Phase 1 of the EIA Process

Understand Screen the Conduct a
Phase I Phase II
proposed activity Preliminary
activity Assessment
Based on the ACTIVITY IS SIGNIFICANT BEGIN
Why is the nature of the OF MODERATE A rapid, ADVERSE FULL
activity being activity what OR UNKNOWN simplified EIA IMPACTS EIA
proposed? RISK POSSIBLE STUDY
level of study using
environmental simple tools SIGNIFICANT
What is being review is (e.g. the ADVERSE
proposed? indicated? USAID IEE) IMPACTS
VERY UNLIKELY
ACTIVITY IS LOW
RISK (Of its nature, STOP
very unlikely to have the EIA
significant adverse process
impacts)
ACTIVITY IS
HIGH RISK (Of its
nature, likely to have
significant adverse
impacts)
www.encapafrica.org
Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Understand the proposed activity

Understand ALL EIA processes begin with
the proposed
activities understanding WHAT is being proposed,
Why is the and WHY.
activity being The question
proposed? “WHY IS THE ACTIVITY BEING PROPOSED?
What is being Is answered with the development objective (D.O.).
û
proposed?
ü
“building a road” Not a D.O.!
“increasing access
Is a D.O.
to markets”
“ If we don’ t
understand
We must understand the
it, we can’ t Development Objective to identify
assess it! ” environmentally sound alternatives
www.encapafrica.org
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Understand the proposed activity

Understand Once we understand the development
the proposed
objective, we must fully understand
activities
WHAT is being proposed.
Why is the
activity being This includes associated actions!
proposed? PRIMARY ACTIVITY:
What is being construction of diversion dam &
proposed? irrigation canal
ASSOCIATED ACTIONS:
•Survey
“ Oops. I •negotiate land tenure
forgot •construct borrow pit
about the •establish construction camp
borrow pit.” •construct temporary
diversion structure
•dispose of soil, debris

www.encapafrica.org
Screen the activity

Screen each
activity
SCREENING is the process of asking
Based on the a very basic set of questions about
nature of the
activity, what the nature of activity.
level of These questions:
environmental •do NOT require analysis.
analysis is
•do NOT require detailed knowledge
indicated?
about the proposed sites, techniques or
methods
Example screening questions:
Does the activity involve:
•Penetration road building?
•Large-scale irrigation?
•Introduction of non-native
crop or agroforestry species?
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
Screen the activity

Screen each
activity
screening classifies the activity into
Based on the a RISK CATEGORY:
nature of the
activity, what VERY LOW RISK EIA process ends
level of
environmental VERY HIGH RISK Do full EIA study
analysis is
indicated? MODERATE OR Do preliminary
UNKNOWN RISK assessment
The outcome of the

screening process
determines the next step
in the EIA process
www.encapafrica.org
Screen the activity
! Each donor agency

and national EIA law
has its own set of
screening questions.
ü Screening is the topic

of an upcoming
module

www.encapafrica.org
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The Preliminary Assessment

Conduct a
Preliminary
Assessment The purpose of a preliminary
A rapid, assessment is to provide
simplified EIA documentation and analysis that:
study using
simple tools • Allows the preparer to
(e.g. the determine whether or not
USAID IEE) significant adverse impacts are
likely
• Allows the reviewer to agree or
! Screening
disagree with the preparer ’ s
determinations
determines whether • Sets out mitigation and
the preliminary monitoring for adverse impacts
assessment is
necessary
www.encapafrica.org
The Preliminary Assessment

Typical Preliminary
Assessment outline
1. Background (Development For each activity it covers, a

objective, list of activities) preliminary assessment has 3
possible findings:
2. Description of the baseline •The project is very unlikely
situation to have significant adverse
impacts. (EIA process ends)
3. Evaluation of potential
environmental impacts •With specified mitigation
and monitoring, the project
4. Mitigation & monitoring is unlikely to have
significant adverse impacts
5. Recommended Findings •The project is likely to have
significant adverse impacts
(full EIA study is required)
www.encapafrica.org
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What is mitigation?
Mitigation is. . .
ü The implementation of
measures designed to
reduce the undesirable
effects of a proposed
action on the
environment
Mitigation is the topic of

an upcoming module!

www.encapafrica.org
To arrive at findings:
Identify, Predict and Judge
Arriving at the FINDINGS in a preliminary
assessment requires 3 steps:
1
Identify potential Many resources describe the potential
impacts impacts of typical small-scale activities.
2 Determine which potential impacts are likely

Predict potential
to become actual, and quantify these
impacts
impacts to the extent possible.
3 Judge the Determine whether the predicted impacts are

significance of indeed significant!
potential impacts THIS WILL OFTEN DEPEND ON HOW
EFFECTIVE THE PROPOSED MITIGATION
MEASURES ARE!
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
ü Subsequent modules. . .
§Present tools to assist
in identifying &
predicting impacts
§Discuss the factors
involved in judging
significance

www.encapafrica.org
! We only proceed to
Phase II of the EIA process
if
Phase I indicates that
a FULL EIA STUDY
is required
Most small-scale activities do

not require a full EIA study!

www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18
The Full EIA study
!
A formal scoping process
precedes the study to ID
The full EIA study has issues to be addressed
very similar objectives Analysis of environmental
and structure to a ! impacts is much more
detailed
preliminary Alternatives* must be
assessment. ! formally defined. The
impacts of each
However, the full EIA alternative must be
identified & evaluated,
study differs in and the results compared.
important ways: Public participation is
!
*includes the project as usually required.
proposed, the no-action alternative
at least one other real alternative A professional EIA team
is usually required.
www.encapafrica.org
The Full EIA study

With a few additions, the basic Basic steps of the full
outline of the preliminary EIA study
Scope
Communicate & Document throughout
assessment is the template for

the steps involved in a full EIA Evaluate baseline
study: situation
Identify & choose
1. Background (Development alternatives
objective, list of activities)
Identify and characterize
2. Description of the baseline
potential impacts of
situation
proposed activity and
3. Evaluation of potential each alternative
environmental impacts
Compare alternatives
4. Mitigation & monitoring
Develop mitigation and
5. Recommended Findings monitoring
www.encapafrica.org
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2/26/18

The Full EIA study
ü In summary,
The full EIA study is a far
more significant effort than
the preliminary assessment.
It is reserved for activities for

which screening or the
preliminary assessment
shows that significant
impacts are likely.

www.encapafrica.org
Who is involved in EIA?

Public consultation is usually
Sponsor of the only REQUIRED for full EIA
activity studies.
(usually commissions/conducts the EIA) However, it is good practice
for preliminary assessments
Regulatory agencies/ because:
Review authorities • Predicting impacts is
FACILITATED by broad-
Broad-based public
Communities (men & women)
Civil society based public consultation;
Private Sector Judging significance is very
difficult without it.
• Transparency and
accessibility require
ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic disclosure to stakeholders
www.encapafrica.org
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Making EIA effective
EIA is undertaken early enough

To be an effective tool to affect project design
Mitigation and monitoring
for ESD, EIA must be: developed in the EIA process is
–a integral part of the project implemented.
development cycle.
The full EIA study must
consider real alternatives
–Honest Impacts must be assessed
honestly.
The EIA products must be clear

–Transparent & accessible and accessible to key actors.

www.encapafrica.org
27

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2/26/18

PENGERTIAN, PERANAN DAN

Review: Definition of EIA

•means and measures to

ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic

DAMPAK & AMDAL

DAMPAK = pengaruh pada sesuatu akibat suatu perbuatan

DAMPAK LH = pengaruh perubahan pada LH yang disebabkan oleh

PERLU TELAAHAN YANG CERMAT ATAS FAKTA DI LAPANG

DAMPAK & AMDAL

AMDAL TIDAK SAMA DENGAN ANDAL

AMDAL = bagian dari studi kelayakan suatu

ANDAL = telaahan secara cermat & mendalam

FAKTA LAPANGAN LABORATORIUM

ANDAL = HASIL TELAAHAN CERMAT & MENDALAM

DATA FISIK DATA SOSIAL

The baseline situation

The baseline situation

Both are part of the

Types of impacts & their attributes

Don’t waste effort & time

ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic

A project or program may

DAMPAK KEGIATAN DAMPAK

SOSIAL, BIOFISIK PRIMER

Setiap rencana yang diperrkirakan mempunyai dampak

Untuk proyek yang sudah jadi dipergunakan Penyajian

SITUASI AMDAL AMRIL

Proyek sedang direncanakan + +

MENGAPA DIPERLUKAN AMDAL

AKTIVITAS PEMB. EKONOMI KESEJAHTERAAN

SIAPA YG HARUS MELAKUKAN AMDAL

Sebagai penyebab timbulnya pencemaran

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Proyek bersifat: - fisik

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Peranan Dalam Pengelolaan Proyek

Fase-fase pengelolaan proyek:

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Peranan Dalam Pengelolaan Proyek

PROYEK DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN

Pengendalian Lingkungan dg pendekatan Teknis

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Peranan Dalam Pengelolaan Proyek

PROYEK DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN

Pengendalian Lingkungan dg pendekatan Limbah

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

• Sbg informasi pembanding dlm

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

1. Kegunaan bagi pemerintah

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Kegunaan AMDAL bagi berbagai pihak

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Kegunaan AMDAL bagi berbagai pihak

PERANAN AMDAL DALAM PERENCANAAN PROYEK

Kegunaan AMDAL bagi berbagai pihak

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS AMDAL

AMDAL adalah keseluruhan proses yang

3 komponen yang terkait dalam

Penyusunan AMDAL, ditempuh beberapa

Penyusunan AMDAL, ditempuh beberapa

Pengumpulan data dan informasi tentang :

The EIA process