Toward Islamic English

INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC
PUBLISHING HOUSE
PUBLISHING HOUSE
AND
THE INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
moUGHT
OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT
1401-1981
ISLAMIZATION
ISLAMIZATIONOF
OF KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE SERIES NO. 3
SERIES NO.
TOWARD
TOWARD
,.
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
Isma'il al FarOcii
Raji al
(small RAO Faruqi
Isma'il Raji al Fariiqi
Ismail Faraqi
The late
late Dr.
Dr. Isma'il
Ismail alalFaraqi
Faruq-1(1339-1406
(1339-1406 / 1921-1921-
1986) is widely recognized as an authority on Islam and comparative religion.
After attending college in his native Palestine,
Palestine, he continued his education at
the American University in Beirut Beirut (B.A. in philosophy),
philosophy), Indiana
Indiana University
University
(M.A. in philosophy),
(M.A. philosophy), Harvard
Harvard University
University (M.A.(M.A. inin philosophy),
Indiana
~~~~~
University (Ph.D. in
University (Ph.D. in philosophy),
philosophy), and and engaged
engaged in in post-graduate study at al
post-graduate study
Azhar University (Islam) and McGill UniversityUniversity (Christianity and Judaism).
~JS,Q~~lf'fr~JS~~
He was therefore one of of the
the few
few contemporary
contemporary Muslim scholars qualified to r A oja))5
6\.voolc (45/v
deal with Islam, Christianity, and Judaism on their own terms. im .
Dr. al Faruc[1
Farafi was an extremely activeacademician.
airemely active academician. During his yeal-; as aa vis-
yeas as
iting professor of Islamic studies and scholar-in-residence at McGill (Jniversity
rJniversity
(1378-1381 I/ 1958-1961),
(1378-1381 1958-1961), a professor of Islamic studies at Karachi's Central
Institute of Islamic Research (1381-1383 I/ 1961-1963), a visiting professor of
the history of religions at the University of Chicago (1383-1384 I/ 1963-1964),
1963-1964),
Syracuse University
an associate professor of religion at Syracuse (1384-1388 I/ 1964-
University (1384-1388 1964- [Jn t4z
gn the. SVan2E
c::Namc. o/
of cflfrah,
c4ffafi,
1968), and a professor of
1968), of religion
religion at Temple
Temple University (1388-1406 I/ 1968-
University (1388-1406 1968- the. Compaui.onatc.,
tfi.E the.,--A(Etcifur,
Corroasiionatz, the c;:Hc. tci{u.f.
1986), he found time to writewrite over
over 100
100 articles
articles for various
various scholarly journals Pia.Lu
,tai.s.z be. cflffa.h, Lotd
6z to cArra4, Zotd of ofthe
the. 'llnivc.ut.,
ritniuctst,
and magazines in addition to twenty-five books, such as the Historical Atlas of of
a.nd Liac
Pc.ace. and 5..fJtayc.uGEbe. upon
upon
and and iPtayzxs
Religions of
the Religions the World;
of the World; Taw/-
Tawl:f1d: 1'tsImplications
0: its Implications for Thought
Thought and
and Life;
Life;
Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of ofIts Dominant
Dominant Ideas;
Ideas; dfi.s.
Si 'Jfoa[ PLopLt
is 9;_nal Piophc.tand
and dttfu.s.c.n9u.
c/14zsiznger..
entitled The Cultural
monumental work entitled
and a monumental Cultural Atlas of of Islam, a collaborative
effort with his wife Dr. Lois Lamya' al Faraqi.Faruc[i. "... andsay:
"••• and ~%rd!
say: Al J,rdf
Despite
Despite all of this academic activity, however, he
activity, however, he did
did not
not live in an ivory
ivory Cause !K,e
Cause N to to Grow
Growin c~,owCedae."
in (kowled8e."
tower.
tower. He founded the Islamic
Islamic Studies GroupGroup of the American
American Academy of
Religion and
Religion and chaired
chaired it for ten years. He He served
served as
as the vice president of the
Inter-Religious Peace Colloquium: The Muslim-Jewish-Christian Conference,
and as the president of of the American Islamic College in Chicago. In addition,
was an
he was an active
active member
member in inseveral
several academic
academic organizations
organizations and
and societies,
societies,
served
served on the editorial boards of a number number of journals, was the recipient
recipient of
numerous scholarships and grants, and served as a visiting professor and advi-
sor to universities throughout the Islamic world.
The book Towards represents an
Towards Islamic English represents invaluable manual
an invaluable manual for
researchers, authors, scholars, and others interested
researchers, interested in Islamic literature, cul-
ture, and civilization.
Isma'il Raji al Fariiqi
Ismail Faraqi
The late
late Dr.
Dr. Isma'il
Ismail alalFaraqi
Faruq-1(1339-1406
(1339-1406 / 1921-1921-
1986) is widely recognized as an authority on Islam and comparative religion.
After attending college in his native Palestine,
Palestine, he continued his education at
the American University in Beirut Beirut (B.A. in philosophy),
Indiana University
University
(M.A. in philosophy),
(M.A. philosophy), Harvard
Harvard University
University (M.A.(M.A. inin philosophy),
Indiana
~~~~~
University (Ph.D. in
University (Ph.D. in philosophy),
philosophy), and and engaged
engaged in in post-graduate study at al
post-graduate study
Azhar University (Islam) and McGill UniversityUniversity (Christianity and Judaism).
~JS,Q~~lf'fr~JS~~
He was therefore one of of the
the few
few contemporary
contemporary Muslim scholars qualified to r A oja))5
6\.voolc (45/v
deal with Islam, Christianity, and Judaism on their own terms. im .
Dr. al Faruc[1
Farafi was an extremely activeacademician.
airemely active academician. During his yeal-; as aa vis-
yeas as
iting professor of Islamic studies and scholar-in-residence at McGill (Jniversity
rJniversity
(1378-1381 I/ 1958-1961),
(1378-1381 1958-1961), a professor of Islamic studies at Karachi's Central
Institute of Islamic Research (1381-1383 I/ 1961-1963), a visiting professor of
the history of religions at the University of Chicago (1383-1384 I/ 1963-1964),
1963-1964),
Syracuse University
an associate professor of religion at Syracuse (1384-1388 I/ 1964-
University (1384-1388 1964- [Jn t4z
gn the. SVan2E
c::Namc. o/
of cflfrah,
c4ffafi,
1968), and a professor of
1968), of religion
religion at Temple
Temple University (1388-1406 I/ 1968-
University (1388-1406 1968- the. Compaui.onatc.,
tfi.E the.,--A(Etcifur,
Corroasiionatz, the c;:Hc. tci{u.f.
1986), he found time to writewrite over
over 100
100 articles
articles for various
various scholarly journals Pia.Lu
,tai.s.z be. cflffa.h, Lotd
6z to cArra4, Zotd of ofthe
the. 'llnivc.ut.,
ritniuctst,
and magazines in addition to twenty-five books, such as the Historical Atlas of of
a.nd Liac
Pc.ace. and 5..fJtayc.uGEbe. upon
upon
and and iPtayzxs
Religions of
the Religions the World;
of the World; Taw/-
Tawl:f1d: 1'tsImplications
0: its Implications for Thought
Thought and
and Life;
Life;
Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of ofIts Dominant
Dominant Ideas;
Ideas; dfi.s.
Si 'Jfoa[ PLopLt
is 9;_nal Piophc.tand
and dttfu.s.c.n9u.
c/14zsiznger..
entitled The Cultural
monumental work entitled
and a monumental Cultural Atlas of of Islam, a collaborative
effort with his wife Dr. Lois Lamya' al Faraqi.Faruc[i. "... andsay:
"••• and ~%rd!
say: Al J,rdf
Despite
Despite all of this academic activity, however, he
activity, however, he did
did not
not live in an ivory
ivory Cause !K,e
Cause N to to Grow
Growin c~,owCedae."
in (kowled8e."
tower.
tower. He founded the Islamic
Islamic Studies GroupGroup of the American
American Academy of
Religion and
Religion and chaired
chaired it for ten years. He He served
served as
as the vice president of the
Inter-Religious Peace Colloquium: The Muslim-Jewish-Christian Conference,
and as the president of of the American Islamic College in Chicago. In addition,
was an
he was an active
active member
member in inseveral
several academic
academic organizations
organizations and
and societies,
societies,
served
served on the editorial boards of a number number of journals, was the recipient
recipient of
numerous scholarships and grants, and served as a visiting professor and advi-
sor to universities throughout the Islamic world.
The book Towards represents an
Towards Islamic English represents invaluable manual
an invaluable manual for
researchers, authors, scholars, and others interested
researchers, interested in Islamic literature, cul-
ture, and civilization.
~ j;.~~"'.i\ :fo-~ ~<Sj\~S_..::
. ..41"~\
0
'.... . ..• .., .0 ,,, .... , ,, , , :;" I ..' . ,... / Ate .
~ c. z-&,•&‘—s11(
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~ .31.;- ~ c,L.csai ; - ,,f
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\~<.>~\¢1
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r-„Ni ;1
••• •••
.'41;1
¢1F3~
)
(( 0o .• 1 ':Jlall)
:j4a.11)
Read in the name of

Read in the name of your Sustainer. Who
your Sustainer. has Created
Who has man out
Created man out of a
of a
germ cell. Read- for your Sustainer is the Most hountiful One. Who
germ cell. Read—for your Sustainer is the Most bountiful One. Who
has 1<1ught (man) the use of the pen. Taught Man what he did not know.
has taught (man) the use of the pen. Taught Man what he did not know.
CQur'an 96:1-5)
(Qur'an 96:1-5)
,f•
eLlr
r• )
(VA:~I)
(VA:ja.j1)
And Allah has brought you forth from your mother's womb know-
ing nothing - but He has endowed you with hearing. and sight. and
ing nothing—but He has endowed you with hearing, and sight, and
minds. so that you might have cause to he grateful.
minds, so that you might have cause to he grateful.
(Qur'an 16:78)
(Qur'an 16:78)
TOWARDI SLAMICEN
TOWARD ISLAMIC GLISH
ENGLISH
~ j;.~~"'.i\ :fo-~ ~<Sj\~S_..::
. ..41"~\
0
'.... . ..• .., .0 ,,, .... , ,, , , :;" I ..' . ,... / Ate .
~ c. z-&,•&‘—s11(
"~ ~ kau,..... LIj-si
~ .31.;- ~ c,L.csai ; - ,,f
~"i~¢t~~i_.1;131
\~<.>~\¢1
1;.(5411 (9~\ 4~;1)\
r-„Ni ;1
••• •••
.'41;1
¢1F3~
)
(( 0o .• 1 ':Jlall)
:j4a.11)
Read in the name of

Read in the name of your Sustainer. Who
your Sustainer. has Created
Who has man out
Created man out of a
of a
germ cell. Read- for your Sustainer is the Most hountiful One. Who
germ cell. Read—for your Sustainer is the Most bountiful One. Who
has 1<1ught (man) the use of the pen. Taught Man what he did not know.
has taught (man) the use of the pen. Taught Man what he did not know.
CQur'an 96:1-5)
(Qur'an 96:1-5)
,f•
eLlr
r• )
(VA:~I)
(VA:ja.j1)
ing nothing - but He has endowed you with hearing. and sight. and
ing nothing—but He has endowed you with hearing, and sight, and
minds. so that you might have cause to he grateful.
minds, so that you might have cause to he grateful.
(Qur'an 16:78)
(Qur'an 16:78)
TOWARDI SLAMICEN
TOWARD ISLAMIC GLISH
ENGLISH
First Edition
1402 I/ 1982
Second Edition
TOWARD
1406 I/ 1986
ISLAMIC
Third Edition
1408 I/ 1988
ENGLISH
Fourth Edition
1416/19~5
1416/195
Fariiqi
Isma'n Raji al Faruqi
and opinions expressed
The views and expres.5Cd by
the author
author are
are not
not neces.5arily
necessarily those
those of
the Institute.
IJ'Situte.
:t-:1:,_,....:;,, ~
~IJ..UI
0 4.001 '='~ '44.JLell JISJI
a....Jl..&11 ,l:t...11
• I
44-1 ~..,..~~I ~.,...~.ll.J'":'~I ~:,_,:.,, _,...!.;

W
or I0
\\Ort ,et.1)1_oolao ·'-:'·...,;' ::<..Wl;)>)'I
_,.P4)l_OO\~O )1411
ti1"1"tA~
irr Agl..,.SIL
„SU _ tt1tVYl1" __tiO•A\A
o •A‘ ...o;L,.
r_-A~tOAYI
1" A41 oAT I „„.4,11 1_ tiY~rtV
invrvor ;~/I_
~I/ Y -_ 1AV1"VoY to
..,.P4)1 : .::.o~I
tlY art,/ „,.;
International Institute of Islamic Thought
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSE Herndon, Virginia, U.S.A.
I.I.P.H.
I. I. P. H.
Publishing And Distributing
Distrlbullng Islamic
Islamic Books
Books And
And Tapes In
In 70
70 Languages
Languages
1416/1995
HEAD OFFICE:
OFFICE: P.O.Box 55195-
55195 - Riyadh
Riyadh 11534 - Saudi
Saudi Arabia
Tel: (966-1) 4650818-4647213
4650818-4647213-- Fax:
Fax: 4633489
BOOK SHOPS:
SHOPS:Riyadh
Riyadh1-4629347/Jeddah2-6873752/Khobar3-8945821
1-4629347/Jeddah2-6873752/Khobar3-8945821
First Edition
1402 I/ 1982
Second Edition
TOWARD
1406 I/ 1986
ISLAMIC
Third Edition
1408 I/ 1988
ENGLISH
Fourth Edition
1416/19~5
1416/195
Fariiqi
Isma'n Raji al Faruqi
and opinions expressed
The views and expres.5Cd by
the author
author are
are not
not neces.5arily
necessarily those
those of
the Institute.
IJ'Situte.
:t-:1:,_,....:;,, ~
~IJ..UI
0 4.001 '='~ '44.JLell JISJI
a....Jl..&11 ,l:t...11
• I
44-1 ~..,..~~I ~.,...~.ll.J'":'~I ~:,_,:.,, _,...!.;

W
or I0
\\Ort ,et.1)1_oolao ·'-:'·...,;' ::<..Wl;)>)'I
_,.P4)l_OO\~O )1411
ti1"1"tA~
irr Agl..,.SIL
„SU _ tt1tVYl1" __tiO•A\A
o •A‘ ...o;L,.
r_-A~tOAYI
1" A41 oAT I „„.4,11 1_ tiY~rtV
invrvor ;~/I_
~I/ Y -_ 1AV1"VoY to
..,.P4)1 : .::.o~I
tlY art,/ „,.;
International Institute of Islamic Thought
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSE Herndon, Virginia, U.S.A.
I.I.P.H.
I. I. P. H.
Publishing And Distributing
Distrlbullng Islamic
Islamic Books
Books And
And Tapes In
In 70
70 Languages
Languages
1416/1995
HEAD OFFICE:
OFFICE: P.O.Box 55195-
55195 - Riyadh
Riyadh 11534 - Saudi
Saudi Arabia
Tel: (966-1) 4650818-4647213
4650818-4647213-- Fax:
Fax: 4633489
BOOK SHOPS:
SHOPS:Riyadh
Riyadh1-4629347/Jeddah2-6873752/Khobar3-8945821
1-4629347/Jeddah2-6873752/Khobar3-8945821
Islamization
Islamization of Knowledge Series No.
Knowledge Series No. (3)
CONTENTS
a;~ J_,A).-1 ~ © What is Islamic English?

A. Who are
are the
the Muslim
Muslim Users
Users of
of the
the English
English Language?
Language? 7
µ<AL1 JWI
<$"")L. ~I .r -4-1\
B. The Nature of the
the Distortion
Distortion 8
~/';1 o~I 0~~_,.ll _ ~} _ .)..lj/'
1. Distortion through Transliteration
1. 8
© 1406
1406AH/1986
AH/1986 ACAC by 2. Translation
2. Distortion through Translation 11
11
The International Institute of Islamic Thought C. The
The Needed
Needed Rectification
Rectification in
in Transliteration
Transliteration 16
555 Grove St. (P.O. Box 669) 1. Transliteration of
1. of Letters 16
Herndon, Virginia 22070-4705 U.S.A. 2. Transliteration of
2. Transliteration of Words
Words 17
D. The Needed
Rectification in
in Translation
Translation 21
21
1. General Rules
1. 21
21
2. List of Islamic Words/Concepts
2. 23
3. List of
of Terms/Expressions Relevant to the Islamic
Sciences 48
48
Library of CongreM
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Cataloging-in-Publication Data 4. List of Islamic Devotional and Social
4.
terms/Expressions 54
Al FarCicii, IsmEl R.,
Fiitiiqi, lsrnci'il R.,1339-1406
1339-1406 AH
AH / I1921-1986
1921-1986 AC.
AC.
Toward lsliirnic
Toward Islamic English.
) (lslarnization of knowledge
)(Islamization knowledge series;
series; no.
no. 3)
1. Islam—
I. Islam - Dictionaries.
Dictionaries. 2. Arabic
Arabiclanguage
language—-Glossaries,
Glossaries,
vocabularies, etc.—
vocabularies, etc. English. 3. Islam
- English. —Terminology.I.I. Title.
Islam-Terminology.
II. Series:
Series: Islamization
Islarnization of
of knowledge
knowledge series; 3.
BP40.A56 1988 1988 297'03'927
2'ff.03'9TT 88-9287
ISBN 0-912463-07-4 (pbk.)
0-912463-07-4 (pbk.)
Library of CongreM
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:
Number: 82-082522
Islamization
Islamization of Knowledge Series No.
Knowledge Series No. (3)
CONTENTS
a;~ J_,A).-1 ~ © What is Islamic English?

A. Who are
are the
the Muslim
Muslim Users
Users of
of the
the English
English Language?
Language? 7
µ<AL1 JWI
<$"")L. ~I .r -4-1\
B. The Nature of the
the Distortion
Distortion 8
~/';1 o~I 0~~_,.ll _ ~} _ .)..lj/'
1. Distortion through Transliteration
1. 8
© 1406
1406AH/1986
AH/1986 ACAC by 2. Translation
2. Distortion through Translation 11
11
The International Institute of Islamic Thought C. The
The Needed
Rectification in
in Transliteration
Transliteration 16
555 Grove St. (P.O. Box 669) 1. Transliteration of
1. of Letters 16
Herndon, Virginia 22070-4705 U.S.A. 2. Transliteration of
2. Transliteration of Words
Words 17
D. The Needed
Rectification in
in Translation
Translation 21
21
1. General Rules
1. 21
21
2. List of Islamic Words/Concepts
2. 23
3. List of
of Terms/Expressions Relevant to the Islamic
Sciences 48
48
Library of CongreM
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Cataloging-in-Publication Data 4. List of Islamic Devotional and Social
4.
terms/Expressions 54
Al FarCicii, IsmEl R.,
Fiitiiqi, lsrnci'il R.,1339-1406
1339-1406 AH
AH / I1921-1986
1921-1986 AC.
AC.
Toward lsliirnic
Toward Islamic English.
) (lslarnization of knowledge
)(Islamization knowledge series;
series; no.
no. 3)
1. Islam—
I. Islam - Dictionaries.
Dictionaries. 2. Arabic
Arabiclanguage
language—-Glossaries,
Glossaries,
vocabularies, etc.—
vocabularies, etc. English. 3. Islam
- English. —Terminology.I.I. Title.
Islam-Terminology.
II. Series:
Series: Islamization
Islarnization of
of knowledge
knowledge series; 3.
BP40.A56 1988 1988 297'03'927
2'ff.03'9TT 88-9287
ISBN 0-912463-07-4 (pbk.)
0-912463-07-4 (pbk.)
Library of CongreM
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:
Number: 82-082522
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
TOWARD ISLAMIC
I. WHAT IS ISLAMIC ENGLISH?

Islamic English is the English language modified to enable
enable itit to
to carry
Islamic proper nouns and
and meanings without distortion, and,thus
and.thus to serve
the linguistic needs of Muslim
linguistic needs users of
Muslim users of the
the English
English language.
language. AsAs a new
notion, "Islamic
"Islamic English" raises three
English" raises three qestions:
qestions: Who
W,ho are the
the Muslim
Muslim
users
users of the
the English
English language?
language? What
What is is the nature
nature of
of the
the distortion
distortion
claimed to exist? What is the needed rectification?
A. Who
A. Who Are
Are the
the Muslim
Muslim Users
Users of
of
English Language?
the English Language?
users of the English language are, first, the Muslim citizens
Muslim users
and permanent residents
residents ofof the English-speaking
English-speaking countries,
countries, namely, the
United Kingdom, the UnitedUnited States
States ofof America, Canada,
Canada, Australia, and
New Zealand.
Zealand. To To these,
these, the
thenon-citizen
non-citizen Muslim
Muslim students
students should
should be
added.
added. The termterm also
also includes
includes the the Muslim
Muslim citizens
citizens and
and permanent
permanent or
transient residents of those countries around the world where'Englishwhere•English is
official language,
official language, suchsuch asas Pakistan,
Pakistan, India,
India, Ceylon,
Ceylon, Malaysia,
Malaysia, thethe
Philippines
Philippines in in Asia,
Asia, and Nigeria,
Nigeria, Ghana,
Ghana, Uganda,
Uganda, Kenya,
Kenya, Ethiopia,
Ethiopia,
Tanzania and
Tanzania and others
others inin Africa
Africa and and around
around the the globe.
globe. Besides
Besides the
the
foregoing, thethe category
category equally
equally includes
includes all
all those Muslims,
Muslims, regardless of
country of
their country of residence, who have mastered or acquainted themselves themselves
with the English language, and who use it as a language language ofof reading
reading and
research, for writing
writing and/or
and/orcommunication.
communication. Ali All together, the number
number'·of
Muslim users
Muslim users of the English language
language to whom this essay is addressed addressed
amounts to several hundred million people. Finally, to to this
this large'number
large number
must be added the millions of of Muslims who use the non-Islamic languages
-— e.g.,
e.g., the
thelanguages
languages of of Europe,
Europe, Asia Asia and
and Africa;
Africa; because
because thethe rules
rules
regarding translation apply to all, and the rules applying to transliteration
apply to those languages which are are written
written in
in the
theLatin
Latinalphabet.
alphabet. Indeed,
Indeed,
some ofof the
the considerations
considerations of of this
this essay
essay involve
involve the
the Muslim
Muslim users of all
other languages that are not based on the Arabic alphabet, thus making
the numbers of persons involved far greater than those non-Muslims for
whom English is mother tongue.
7
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
TOWARD ISLAMIC
I. WHAT IS ISLAMIC ENGLISH?

Islamic English is the English language modified to enable
enable itit to
to carry
Islamic proper nouns and
and meanings without distortion, and,thus
and.thus to serve
the linguistic needs of Muslim
linguistic needs users of
Muslim users of the
the English
English language.
language. AsAs a new
notion, "Islamic
"Islamic English" raises three
English" raises three qestions:
qestions: Who
W,ho are the
the Muslim
Muslim
users
users of the
the English
English language?
language? What
What is is the nature
nature of
of the
the distortion
distortion
claimed to exist? What is the needed rectification?
A. Who
A. Who Are
Are the
the Muslim
Muslim Users
Users of
of
English Language?
the English Language?
users of the English language are, first, the Muslim citizens
Muslim users
and permanent residents
residents ofof the English-speaking
English-speaking countries,
countries, namely, the
United Kingdom, the UnitedUnited States
States ofof America, Canada,
Canada, Australia, and
New Zealand.
Zealand. To To these,
these, the
thenon-citizen
non-citizen Muslim
Muslim students
students should
should be
added.
added. The termterm also
also includes
includes the the Muslim
Muslim citizens
citizens and
and permanent
permanent or
transient residents of those countries around the world where'Englishwhere•English is
official language,
official language, suchsuch asas Pakistan,
Pakistan, India,
India, Ceylon,
Ceylon, Malaysia,
Malaysia, thethe
Philippines
Philippines in in Asia,
Asia, and Nigeria,
Nigeria, Ghana,
Ghana, Uganda,
Uganda, Kenya,
Kenya, Ethiopia,
Ethiopia,
Tanzania and
Tanzania and others
others inin Africa
Africa and and around
around the the globe.
globe. Besides
Besides the
the
foregoing, thethe category
category equally
equally includes
includes all
all those Muslims,
Muslims, regardless of
country of
their country of residence, who have mastered or acquainted themselves themselves
with the English language, and who use it as a language language ofof reading
reading and
research, for writing
writing and/or
and/orcommunication.
communication. Ali All together, the number
number'·of
Muslim users
Muslim users of the English language
language to whom this essay is addressed addressed
amounts to several hundred million people. Finally, to to this
this large'number
large number
must be added the millions of of Muslims who use the non-Islamic languages
-— e.g.,
e.g., the
thelanguages
Europe, Asia Asia and
and Africa;
Africa; because
because thethe rules
rules
regarding translation apply to all, and the rules applying to transliteration
apply to those languages which are are written
written in
in the
theLatin
Latinalphabet.
alphabet. Indeed,
Indeed,
some ofof the
the considerations
considerations of of this
this essay
essay involve
involve the
the Muslim
Muslim users of all
other languages that are not based on the Arabic alphabet, thus making
the numbers of persons involved far greater than those non-Muslims for
whom English is mother tongue.
7
To the outside
outside world,
world, the name name is is not only a convention;
convention; i.e., i.e., a
B. The Nature of the Distortion denoting symbol. It It is also a partial definiens of the person. For instance,
it certainly tells the outside world
certainly tells world that the person person is is Muslim.
Muslim. To that
person
person as as well
well as to other
other Muslims,
Muslims, this fact may may well
well be thethe most
most
1.
1. Distortion Through
Through Transliteration
Transliteration significant aspect
aspect ofof the
the person's
person's being.
being. To To the
the attentive outsider, or to a
fellow Muslim,
fellow Muslim, thethe name
name alsoalso recalls
recalls an aspect of Islamic Islamic history,
history, of
The present
present situation
situation of of the
the English
English language
language — - when it expresses Islamic culture, of
Islamic culture, of Islam
Islam itself.
itself. Indeed,
Indeed, the the name
name isissometimes
soinetimes
matters pertaining to Islam, its its culture, history
history andand civilization,
civilization, to to the informative about Allah
informative about Allah (SWT)
(SWf) Himself,
Himself, when when it is connotative
connotative of a
Muslim World or the Muslims, whether whether used
used by Muslims or non-Muslims relationship to to Him as in )\bd Abd Allah,
Allah, 'Abd Rabnuin, etc. And it may
)\bd al Rahman,
-— is chaotic. It constitutes an intellectual
is chaotic. intellectual and spiritual
spiritual disaster
disaster of the be informative
informative of the ProphetProphet whose very name name one may may be carrying.
highest magnitude. And And it carries
carries a universal injustice against the human Respect to one's name is not only respect to one's one's own
own person;
person; it is also
spirit. respect to the person after after whom
whom one is named, or or to
to the
the Islamic
Islamic quality
Every Muslim
Muslim who who needs
needs to to have
have his
his name
name transliterated
transliterated into the connoted by the name.name. Names
Names are are often
often expressive
expressive of ?fa a whole history, a
Latin alphabet
alphabetmustmust have
have seen
seenhishis name
name spelled
spelledinin aa large
large variety
variety ofof ways. whole culture, a wholewhole religion, a whole spiritual spiritual realm;
realm; and it is these
ways mutilate
Most of these ways mutilate thethe Muslim's
Muslim's namename beyond
beyond recognition.
recognition. In an which suffer
suffer through
through misrepresentation or misnaming. misnaming. Should the name
English telephone book, book, forfor example,
example, or orany
anylisting
listing ofof Muslim
Muslim names in be mutilated, disrespectfully bungled or violated, all that it represents is
Latin
Latin script, the person
script, the person wanted
wanted may may never
never be foundfound because
because of the equally violated. ·
ways of
diverse ways of spelling,
spelling, or or because
because of of the
the abbreviation
abbreviation of the Muslim's As examples
examples of ofthe above, consider
consider the most obvious and
most obvious and gravest cases.
cases.
numerous personal
numerous personal names.
names. Such Such bungling
bungling of Muslim Muslim names
names may may .tJitq (successful
The names Hafiz (successfulmemorizer
memorizerof ofthe
theQur'an)
Qur'in) or or Hamid
tlamid (praiser
sometimes be tolerated as as insignificant; or it may even constitute a joke of Khaliq (creature),
of Allah) or Khaliq (creature),can easilybe
caneasily bemisaccented
misaccentedasastfaf4,Hafiz,.{Iamid
timid
people take lightheartedly. However, in other
which people other instances where the or Khaliq. Immediately, they are transformed from from meaning an Islamic
name includes
name includes aa divine
divine attribute,
attribute, or or one
one of the namesnames of the Prophet
Prophet virtue to blasphemy. For no man may be called by a divine name. If the
divine name.
(5alla Allah alayhi wa sallam), the incorrect spelling is not
(Solla not only irritating;
only irritating; name were a conjunction of Àbd 'Abd (servant) and one of the divine names,
be downright
it can be downright blasphemous.
blasphemous. it would be equally blasphemous
blasphemous to misspell misspell or or mispronounce
mispronounce it; it; e.g.,
e.g.,
A Muslim name is in
A in all
alllikelihood
likelihoodan anArabic
Arabic name,
name, composed
composed eithereither 'Abd al tfaqq
Àbd (servant of
Haqq (servant of Allah, the Truth Truth -— SWT)SWf) as Abd al Hakk Hakk
(Sub~iinahu wa
of one of the names of Allah (Subllanahu ta'alii) or of one of His divine
wa tagalti) (servant
(servant of scratching).
scratching). It It would
would be an equally grave misdeed to drop
(~ifat), or of one of
attributes (lifat), of the
the names
names of of our Prophet
Prophet (SAAS),
($AAS), or. or of Àbd
•Abd from
from the name
name (a (a popular
popular abbreviation
abbreviation technique),
technique), leaving
leaving the
one ofof his
his epithets,
epithets, oror of
ofthethe name
name of ofanother
another prophet,
prophet, or of of aa quality
quality name standing
divine name standing by itself. If on the other hand, and for the same
by itself.
or attribute of of that
that porphet,
porphet, or of of a Qur'anic
Qur'anic term
term connoting
connoting an Islamic reason of abbreviation,
abbreviation, the divine name is dropped, one is left with the
value. It is also possible
possible that
that the
the name
name be that of ~alµibi (a companion
of a sahabi abject Arabic name of of 'Abd, i.e., servant or
i.e., servant or slave
slave without specification of
of the Prophet), or of great Muslim of the past who has distinguished
of aa great owner or master. In other mutilations, the divine name is dropped, but
himself
himself inin the service
service ofof Islam,
Islam, whether
whether by by his
his pen
pen or sword,
sword, virtue or not its demonstrative al, a/, thus creating the absurd absurd appellation,
appellation, 'Abdul or
piety, statesmanship or justice, or or any other
other Islamic
Islamic value. Or, finally,
finally , it "servant
"servant of of the."
the."
may be the very name of of that
that value whether
whether as aa noun
noun or or adjective.
adjective. In the Next to blasphemy
blasphemy stand stand those misspellings
misspellings of of the
the names
names of of God
first week of his life, the Muslim newborn is given given his/her
his/her name,
name, in the combined with other words to make personal names, names, such
such asas Mumtaz al
hope that
that the
thechild
child would
would growgrow to to fulfill the Islamic value whichwhich thethe name Rehman instead of al Rahman; Rahman; Abd alGhaftir(servant
alGhafiir(servant of of the wide and
indicates; or to emulate
emulate thethe great
great Muslim predecessor to whom the name
Muslim predecessor empty) instead of of~bd
Abd al al Ghaffir
Ghafiir (servant of the Forgiving); al 'Aliyy ~iyy or
refers. Names are dear to their
refers. their owners,
owners, to the the parents
parents whowho chose them (the mechanical)
Ali (the mechanical) instead of al 'Aliy ~liy (the(the high).
high). These are are followed
and to the peers
peers who have come come to to recognize
recognize each
each person
person by bythat
that person's
person's by
by misspellings
the names
names of the Prophet (~AAS); as
Prophet ($AAS); as Munzir
Munzir or
name. Names
name. Names are surely worthy of respect. Every person is entitled to be Monzer
Monzer (hurrier, belittler, despiser)
(hurrier, belittler, despiser) instead
instead of of Mundhir
Mundhir (warner);
(warner); or
called by
called by his/her
his/her name;
name; and every name should be honored by correct Muddassir
Muddassir (he (he in whom
whom something
something has has been plunged
plunged by by force,
force, as in
spelling and pronunciation. This is one of the basic human rights of the assassination
assassination with with aa dagger)
dagger) instead
instead of Muddaththir
Muddaththir (wrapped
(wrapped in his
Muslim. The Muslim's name is the index of of the
the person's
person's legal personality
personality mantle, of of·Surah Muslims object strongly to the changing of the
74:1). Muslims
Surah 74:1).
under
under thethe shari'ah.
shadah. .name
narne of of the
theProphet
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad to to Maumet,
Maumet, which which Webster-
8 9
To the outside
outside world,
world, the name name is is not only a convention;
convention; i.e., i.e., a
B. The Nature of the Distortion denoting symbol. It It is also a partial definiens of the person. For instance,
it certainly tells the outside world
certainly tells world that the person person is is Muslim.
Muslim. To that
person
person as as well
well as to other
other Muslims,
Muslims, this fact may may well
well be thethe most
most
1.
1. Distortion Through
Through Transliteration
Transliteration significant aspect
aspect ofof the
the person's
person's being.
being. To To the
the attentive outsider, or to a
fellow Muslim,
fellow Muslim, thethe name
name alsoalso recalls
recalls an aspect of Islamic Islamic history,
history, of
The present
present situation
situation of of the
the English
English language
language — - when it expresses Islamic culture, of
Islamic culture, of Islam
Islam itself.
itself. Indeed,
Indeed, the the name
name isissometimes
soinetimes
matters pertaining to Islam, its its culture, history
history andand civilization,
civilization, to to the informative about Allah
informative about Allah (SWT)
(SWf) Himself,
Himself, when when it is connotative
connotative of a
Muslim World or the Muslims, whether whether used
used by Muslims or non-Muslims relationship to to Him as in )\bd Abd Allah,
Allah, 'Abd Rabnuin, etc. And it may
)\bd al Rahman,
-— is chaotic. It constitutes an intellectual
is chaotic. intellectual and spiritual
spiritual disaster
disaster of the be informative
informative of the ProphetProphet whose very name name one may may be carrying.
highest magnitude. And And it carries
carries a universal injustice against the human Respect to one's name is not only respect to one's one's own
own person;
person; it is also
spirit. respect to the person after after whom
whom one is named, or or to
to the
the Islamic
Islamic quality
Every Muslim
Muslim who who needs
needs to to have
have his
his name
name transliterated
transliterated into the connoted by the name.name. Names
Names are are often
often expressive
expressive of ?fa a whole history, a
Latin alphabet
alphabetmustmust have
have seen
seenhishis name
name spelled
spelledinin aa large
large variety
variety ofof ways. whole culture, a wholewhole religion, a whole spiritual spiritual realm;
realm; and it is these
ways mutilate
Most of these ways mutilate thethe Muslim's
Muslim's namename beyond
beyond recognition.
recognition. In an which suffer
suffer through
through misrepresentation or misnaming. misnaming. Should the name
English telephone book, book, forfor example,
example, or orany
anylisting
listing ofof Muslim
Muslim names in be mutilated, disrespectfully bungled or violated, all that it represents is
Latin
Latin script, the person
script, the person wanted
wanted may may never
never be foundfound because
because of the equally violated. ·
ways of
diverse ways of spelling,
spelling, or or because
because of of the
the abbreviation
abbreviation of the Muslim's As examples
examples of ofthe above, consider
consider the most obvious and
most obvious and gravest cases.
cases.
numerous personal
numerous personal names.
names. Such Such bungling
bungling of Muslim Muslim names
names may may .tJitq (successful
The names Hafiz (successfulmemorizer
memorizerof ofthe
theQur'an)
Qur'in) or or Hamid
tlamid (praiser
sometimes be tolerated as as insignificant; or it may even constitute a joke of Khaliq (creature),
of Allah) or Khaliq (creature),can easilybe
caneasily bemisaccented
misaccentedasastfaf4,Hafiz,.{Iamid
timid
people take lightheartedly. However, in other
which people other instances where the or Khaliq. Immediately, they are transformed from from meaning an Islamic
name includes
name includes aa divine
divine attribute,
attribute, or or one
one of the namesnames of the Prophet
Prophet virtue to blasphemy. For no man may be called by a divine name. If the
divine name.
(5alla Allah alayhi wa sallam), the incorrect spelling is not
(Solla not only irritating;
only irritating; name were a conjunction of Àbd 'Abd (servant) and one of the divine names,
be downright
it can be downright blasphemous.
blasphemous. it would be equally blasphemous
blasphemous to misspell misspell or or mispronounce
mispronounce it; it; e.g.,
e.g.,
A Muslim name is in
A in all
alllikelihood
likelihoodan anArabic
Arabic name,
name, composed
composed eithereither 'Abd al tfaqq
Àbd (servant of
Haqq (servant of Allah, the Truth Truth -— SWT)SWf) as Abd al Hakk Hakk
(Sub~iinahu wa
of one of the names of Allah (Subllanahu ta'alii) or of one of His divine
wa tagalti) (servant
(servant of scratching).
scratching). It It would
would be an equally grave misdeed to drop
(~ifat), or of one of
attributes (lifat), of the
the names
names of of our Prophet
Prophet (SAAS),
($AAS), or. or of Àbd
•Abd from
from the name
name (a (a popular
popular abbreviation
abbreviation technique),
technique), leaving
leaving the
one ofof his
his epithets,
epithets, oror of
ofthethe name
name of ofanother
another prophet,
prophet, or of of aa quality
quality name standing
divine name standing by itself. If on the other hand, and for the same
by itself.
or attribute of of that
that porphet,
porphet, or of of a Qur'anic
Qur'anic term
term connoting
connoting an Islamic reason of abbreviation,
abbreviation, the divine name is dropped, one is left with the
value. It is also possible
possible that
that the
the name
name be that of ~alµibi (a companion
of a sahabi abject Arabic name of of 'Abd, i.e., servant or
i.e., servant or slave
slave without specification of
of the Prophet), or of great Muslim of the past who has distinguished
of aa great owner or master. In other mutilations, the divine name is dropped, but
himself
himself inin the service
service ofof Islam,
Islam, whether
whether by by his
his pen
pen or sword,
sword, virtue or not its demonstrative al, a/, thus creating the absurd absurd appellation,
appellation, 'Abdul or
piety, statesmanship or justice, or or any other
other Islamic
Islamic value. Or, finally,
finally , it "servant
"servant of of the."
the."
may be the very name of of that
that value whether
whether as aa noun
noun or or adjective.
adjective. In the Next to blasphemy
blasphemy stand stand those misspellings
the names
names of of God
first week of his life, the Muslim newborn is given given his/her
his/her name,
name, in the combined with other words to make personal names, names, such
such asas Mumtaz al
hope that
that the
thechild
child would
would growgrow to to fulfill the Islamic value whichwhich thethe name Rehman instead of al Rahman; Rahman; Abd alGhaftir(servant
alGhafiir(servant of of the wide and
indicates; or to emulate
emulate thethe great
great Muslim predecessor to whom the name
Muslim predecessor empty) instead of of~bd
Abd al al Ghaffir
Ghafiir (servant of the Forgiving); al 'Aliyy ~iyy or
refers. Names are dear to their
refers. their owners,
owners, to the the parents
parents whowho chose them (the mechanical)
Ali (the mechanical) instead of al 'Aliy ~liy (the(the high).
high). These are are followed
and to the peers
peers who have come come to to recognize
recognize each
each person
person by bythat
that person's
person's by
by misspellings
the names
names of the Prophet (~AAS); as
Prophet ($AAS); as Munzir
Munzir or
name. Names
name. Names are surely worthy of respect. Every person is entitled to be Monzer
Monzer (hurrier, belittler, despiser)
(hurrier, belittler, despiser) instead
instead of of Mundhir
Mundhir (warner);
(warner); or
called by
called by his/her
his/her name;
name; and every name should be honored by correct Muddassir
Muddassir (he (he in whom
whom something
something has has been plunged
plunged by by force,
force, as in
spelling and pronunciation. This is one of the basic human rights of the assassination
assassination with with aa dagger)
dagger) instead
instead of Muddaththir
Muddaththir (wrapped
(wrapped in his
Muslim. The Muslim's name is the index of of the
the person's
person's legal personality
personality mantle, of of·Surah Muslims object strongly to the changing of the
74:1). Muslims
Surah 74:1).
under
under thethe shari'ah.
shadah. .name
narne of of the
theProphet
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad to to Maumet,
Maumet, which which Webster-
8 9
International defines
defines as as "a false
false god or idol idol arising
arising from
from a belief
belief that
Mo~ammedans worshipped
Mohammedans worshipped images imagesof ofMohammed,"
Mohammed," "a "a puppet, a doll, Arabic only
knows Arabic only through
through the
the Qur'an,
Qur'an, understanding
understandingwhat
what is
is being read
an image, alsoalso an odd
odd figure;
figure; aa guyguy —- often a term of of abuse"
abuse" and,and, the or
or recited
recited becomes
becomes aa hopeless
hopCless task.
task. The
TheFrench
Frenchorientalists
orientalists
~erivative
derivative "maumetry"
'.'maumetry"which which thethe same dictionary defines as "1. "1. idolatry,
idolatry, mispronounce the soft ~ as dj. all an endings as the diphthong an, and
the diphthong
idols, and idol; 2. the appurtenances of idolatry; 3. Mohammedanism." give aa Frenchified derived from
Frenchified ending (de) to all adjectives derived from proper
proper nouns
Surely, it follows that Muslims
follows that Muslims oughtought toto insist
insist that
that the
the Prophet's name is (Abbaside, Fatimide, etc.)
Muhammad (~AAS),
Myhammad (MAS), and and not notMahomet,
Mahomet, Mohamet,Mohamet, Mohamed,Mohamed,
Mohamad, or Maumet.
There areare of
of course
course other
other names
names which
which are removed
removed from from Allah
Allah Distortion Through
2. Distortion Through Translation
Translation
(SWT)
(SWI') andand His Prophet (~AAS), though
Prophet ($AAS), though theythey may
may be namesnames of the
Prophet's companions
Prophet's companions or of the great men and women of Islam Islam (RAA).
(RAA).
Such names
names areare held
held in high honor
honor and and esteem
esteemby by ali
ali Muslims. No Muslim Many Arabic words are simply not translatable into English. Many
simply not
giv~ ~imself
may give himself or or oth,ers
others the liberty to tamper tamper withwith their
their spelling
spelling or others
others are
are rendered
renderedintointoEnglish
Englishwith
withdifficulty.
difficulty. The
The desire
desire ofof Muslims to
pronunciation. And
pronunciation. And there
thereare arestill
still other
othernames
nameswhichwhich connote
connote an Islamic present their
their meanings
meanings in in English
English is often so strong as to make them less
meaning or value. It It is
is offensive to the Muslim Muslim ear which comprehends cautious, and to use use words which do do not at allall do
do justice
justice toto the
the intended
those meanings and values to receive them bungled and mutilated from meanings. TheThe orientalists
orientalists may have used such translations with impunity
han~s of
the hands of those who are ignorant of those those meanings, whether they are because for
because for them itit is
is aa foregone
foregorie conclusion
conclusion that that all
all Islamic
Islamic meanings
meanings
carriers of these names or
the earners or others. fit themselves
must fit themselves under Western categories.categories. But for the Muslims Muslims to
Muslims
Muslims are are particularly
particularly proneprone to having
having their
their beautiful
beautiful Islamic
Islamic imitate the orientalists in their errors and misinterpretations, or to add to
names mutilated,
names mutilated, because
because of of the general
general ignorance
ignorance of of Arabic
Arabic or the these their own, is unacceptable. The meanings imbedded in the Arabic
difficulties of
difficulties of transliteration. Names which which havehave a Western equivalent
equivalent language of the Qur'an
Qur'anare areaaprecious
preciouslegacy
legacy which no man is at liberty to
(Ma,
(Yusuf, Ya'qUb,
Ya'qtlb, Ishaq,
IsMq, Yanus,
Yiinus,Musa,Miisli,Ibrahim,
Ibrahim,etc.)etc.)are
arehastily
hastily changed
changed tamper with
tamper with or change.
change. Besides
Besides the ludicrous
ludicrous effect
effect the noblest
noblest of
into their
into their Biblical
Biblical equivalents (Joseph, Jacob,
equivalents (Joseph, Jacob, Isaac,
Isaac, Jonah, Moses,Moses, meanings can sometimes
meanings sometimes produce when mistranslated,
mistranslafed, many meanings meanings
Abraham,
Abraham, etc.), etc.), without
without awareness
awareness that that these
theseBiblical
Biblical personalities
personalities suffer
suffer change,
change, loss
loss oror obliteration
obliteration fromfrom consciousness
consciousness throughthrough the
represent entirely
represent entirely different
different meanings to the Christian and/or Jew than the translation
translation process. It It must be be remembered
rememberedthat thatmany
manyof ofthe
the meanings
meanings of
Qur'anic
Qur'anic names
names do to the the Muslim. Arabic words
Arabic words andand phrases
phrases are of divinedivine provenance
provenance and and maymay not be
There are
are asas many
many waysways of of transliterating
transliterating Arabic words words into the separated
separated fromfrom their Arabic
Arabic forms.
forms. AndAnd when
when Islamic
Islamic meanings
meflnings are
Latin alphabet as there are authors authors and writers
writers and publishers.
publishers. Indeed, altered,
altered, transformed
transformed and and transvalued through translation,
transvalued through translation,itit is is an
an
those of one country have followed different ways from from those
those of another
another irreparable
in;eparable loss
loss to Islam, to the Muslim and to the human spirit.
country. Within
Within thethe English
English speaking world, there there has
has been
been little
little success Consider for instance the word salah, which is is often
often translated
translated as
in coordinating
coordinating and unifying unifying the the various
various ways.ways. Some
Some universities,
universities "prayer." "Prayer"
"prayer?" "Prayer" any
is is any communication
communicationwith withwhatever
whateverisis taken
taken to
to be
libraries, educational
educational institutions
institutionsand and publishing
publishing firms
firms have each devised one's god, even if ifthat
that is an idol.
idol. To
To say
say that
that one prays to to God, to Jesus
way. Some
its own way. Some have
have hadhad more influence
influence than others: The Library of or to Fitzliputzli, that
that one
one prays
prays for a juicy apple in the morning or for
Congress, the
Congress, the American
American Oriental
Oriental Society,
Society, the MiddleMiddle EastEast Studies
Studies one's
one's beloved to to recover fromfrom aa sickness,
sickness, to pray
pray at
at any
any place or time, in
Association, and some major major universities,
universities, each triedtried to
to establish
establish its own any position or under any condition, all these constitute consti_tute sound
sound English
English
way as
way as universal
universal normnorm for for transliteration.
transliteration. None succeeded;
succeeded; and none usage. What
usage. What distortion
distortion of salah to translate
of salah translate it as as prayer.
prayer. Being the the
proved its viability without question,
viability without question, since
since each
each had set its own rules, rules supreme act of worship in Islam, Islam, salah must be held at its its five
five times, for
some of which
which were
werequite
quite arbitrary.
arbitrary. All were
were incomplete
incomplete and and inadequat~
inadequate the
the purposes defined by
purposes defined by the
the shari'ah.
shari'ah. It It should
should consist
consist of precise
precise
for the English speaking Muslim. recitations, genuflections,
recitations, genuflections, prostrations, standings and
prostrations, standings sittings with
and sittings with
The vast majority of transliterated
transliterated words
words carry no diacritical marks orientation towards
orientation towards thethe Ka'bah,
Ka`bah,and andshowd
shouldbe be entered
entered intointo oRly
only after
and thus give occasion
occasion for formispronunciation
mispronunciation and and misaccentuation.
misaccentuation. Nearly ablutions and aa solemn declaration of intention or niyah. How Now can all
all of
all t~e~ are
of them arerendered
renderedphonetically,
phonetically, according
accord.ing to to the
the colloquial
colloquial this ever be
be compressed
compressedin inaaword
wordlike
like"prayer"?
"prayer"? Doesn't reason dictate
pronunciation. This creates an impossible impossible situation for those who must that ~ah should always be called
that *alai' salah? "Prayer"
calledsalah? "Prayer" corresponds
corresponds to the
separate the wordswords in order to to understand
understand them. them. To To the
the Muslim
Muslim who who meaning of of duW, and may
du'a', and may well
well stand
stand as as translation
translation of of it.
it. But certainly
not for salah.
10 11
International defines
defines as as "a false
false god or idol idol arising
arising from
from a belief
belief that
Mo~ammedans worshipped
Mohammedans worshipped images imagesof ofMohammed,"
Mohammed," "a "a puppet, a doll, Arabic only
knows Arabic only through
through the
the Qur'an,
Qur'an, understanding
understandingwhat
what is
is being read
an image, alsoalso an odd
odd figure;
figure; aa guyguy —- often a term of of abuse"
abuse" and,and, the or
or recited
recited becomes
becomes aa hopeless
hopCless task.
task. The
TheFrench
Frenchorientalists
orientalists
~erivative
derivative "maumetry"
'.'maumetry"which which thethe same dictionary defines as "1. "1. idolatry,
idolatry, mispronounce the soft ~ as dj. all an endings as the diphthong an, and
the diphthong
idols, and idol; 2. the appurtenances of idolatry; 3. Mohammedanism." give aa Frenchified derived from
Frenchified ending (de) to all adjectives derived from proper
proper nouns
Surely, it follows that Muslims
follows that Muslims oughtought toto insist
insist that
that the
the Prophet's name is (Abbaside, Fatimide, etc.)
Muhammad (~AAS),
Myhammad (MAS), and and not notMahomet,
Mahomet, Mohamet,Mohamet, Mohamed,Mohamed,
Mohamad, or Maumet.
There areare of
of course
course other
other names
names which
which are removed
removed from from Allah
Allah Distortion Through
2. Distortion Through Translation
Translation
(SWT)
(SWI') andand His Prophet (~AAS), though
Prophet ($AAS), though theythey may
may be namesnames of the
Prophet's companions
Prophet's companions or of the great men and women of Islam Islam (RAA).
(RAA).
Such names
names areare held
held in high honor
honor and and esteem
esteemby by ali
ali Muslims. No Muslim Many Arabic words are simply not translatable into English. Many
simply not
giv~ ~imself
may give himself or or oth,ers
others the liberty to tamper tamper withwith their
their spelling
spelling or others
others are
are rendered
renderedintointoEnglish
Englishwith
withdifficulty.
difficulty. The
The desire
desire ofof Muslims to
pronunciation. And
pronunciation. And there
thereare arestill
still other
othernames
nameswhichwhich connote
connote an Islamic present their
their meanings
meanings in in English
English is often so strong as to make them less
meaning or value. It It is
is offensive to the Muslim Muslim ear which comprehends cautious, and to use use words which do do not at allall do
do justice
justice toto the
the intended
those meanings and values to receive them bungled and mutilated from meanings. TheThe orientalists
orientalists may have used such translations with impunity
han~s of
the hands of those who are ignorant of those those meanings, whether they are because for
because for them itit is
is aa foregone
foregorie conclusion
conclusion that that all
all Islamic
Islamic meanings
meanings
carriers of these names or
the earners or others. fit themselves
must fit themselves under Western categories.categories. But for the Muslims Muslims to
Muslims
Muslims are are particularly
particularly proneprone to having
having their
their beautiful
beautiful Islamic
Islamic imitate the orientalists in their errors and misinterpretations, or to add to
names mutilated,
names mutilated, because
because of of the general
general ignorance
ignorance of of Arabic
Arabic or the these their own, is unacceptable. The meanings imbedded in the Arabic
difficulties of
difficulties of transliteration. Names which which havehave a Western equivalent
equivalent language of the Qur'an
Qur'anare areaaprecious
preciouslegacy
legacy which no man is at liberty to
(Ma,
(Yusuf, Ya'qUb,
Ya'qtlb, Ishaq,
IsMq, Yanus,
Yiinus,Musa,Miisli,Ibrahim,
Ibrahim,etc.)etc.)are
arehastily
hastily changed
changed tamper with
tamper with or change.
change. Besides
Besides the ludicrous
ludicrous effect
effect the noblest
noblest of
into their
into their Biblical
Biblical equivalents (Joseph, Jacob,
equivalents (Joseph, Jacob, Isaac,
Isaac, Jonah, Moses,Moses, meanings can sometimes
meanings sometimes produce when mistranslated,
mistranslafed, many meanings meanings
Abraham,
Abraham, etc.), etc.), without
without awareness
awareness that that these
theseBiblical
Biblical personalities
personalities suffer
suffer change,
change, loss
loss oror obliteration
obliteration fromfrom consciousness
consciousness throughthrough the
represent entirely
represent entirely different
different meanings to the Christian and/or Jew than the translation
translation process. It It must be be remembered
rememberedthat thatmany
manyof ofthe
the meanings
meanings of
Qur'anic
Qur'anic names
names do to the the Muslim. Arabic words
Arabic words andand phrases
phrases are of divinedivine provenance
provenance and and maymay not be
There are
are asas many
many waysways of of transliterating
transliterating Arabic words words into the separated
separated fromfrom their Arabic
Arabic forms.
forms. AndAnd when
when Islamic
Islamic meanings
meflnings are
Latin alphabet as there are authors authors and writers
writers and publishers.
publishers. Indeed, altered,
altered, transformed
transformed and and transvalued through translation,
transvalued through translation,itit is is an
an
those of one country have followed different ways from from those
those of another
another irreparable
in;eparable loss
loss to Islam, to the Muslim and to the human spirit.
country. Within
Within thethe English
English speaking world, there there has
has been
been little
little success Consider for instance the word salah, which is is often
often translated
translated as
in coordinating
coordinating and unifying unifying the the various
various ways.ways. Some
Some universities,
universities "prayer." "Prayer"
"prayer?" "Prayer" any
is is any communication
communicationwith withwhatever
whateverisis taken
taken to
to be
libraries, educational
educational institutions
institutionsand and publishing
publishing firms
firms have each devised one's god, even if ifthat
that is an idol.
idol. To
To say
say that
that one prays to to God, to Jesus
way. Some
its own way. Some have
have hadhad more influence
influence than others: The Library of or to Fitzliputzli, that
that one
one prays
prays for a juicy apple in the morning or for
Congress, the
Congress, the American
American Oriental
Oriental Society,
Society, the MiddleMiddle EastEast Studies
Studies one's
one's beloved to to recover fromfrom aa sickness,
sickness, to pray
pray at
at any
any place or time, in
Association, and some major major universities,
universities, each triedtried to
to establish
establish its own any position or under any condition, all these constitute consti_tute sound
sound English
English
way as
way as universal
universal normnorm for for transliteration.
transliteration. None succeeded;
succeeded; and none usage. What
usage. What distortion
distortion of salah to translate
of salah translate it as as prayer.
prayer. Being the the
proved its viability without question,
viability without question, since
since each
each had set its own rules, rules supreme act of worship in Islam, Islam, salah must be held at its its five
five times, for
some of which
which were
werequite
quite arbitrary.
arbitrary. All were
were incomplete
incomplete and and inadequat~
inadequate the
the purposes defined by
purposes defined by the
the shari'ah.
shari'ah. It It should
should consist
consist of precise
precise
for the English speaking Muslim. recitations, genuflections,
recitations, genuflections, prostrations, standings and
prostrations, standings sittings with
and sittings with
The vast majority of transliterated
transliterated words
words carry no diacritical marks orientation towards
orientation towards thethe Ka'bah,
Ka`bah,and andshowd
shouldbe be entered
entered intointo oRly
only after
and thus give occasion
occasion for formispronunciation
mispronunciation and and misaccentuation.
misaccentuation. Nearly ablutions and aa solemn declaration of intention or niyah. How Now can all
all of
all t~e~ are
of them arerendered
renderedphonetically,
phonetically, according
accord.ing to to the
the colloquial
colloquial this ever be
be compressed
compressedin inaaword
wordlike
like"prayer"?
"prayer"? Doesn't reason dictate
pronunciation. This creates an impossible impossible situation for those who must that ~ah should always be called
that *alai' salah? "Prayer"
calledsalah? "Prayer" corresponds
corresponds to the
separate the wordswords in order to to understand
understand them. them. To To the
the Muslim
Muslim who who meaning of of duW, and may
du'a', and may well
well stand
stand as as translation
translation of of it.
it. But certainly
not for salah.
10 11
Or consider
Or consider the the term zakah which
term zakah which is is often translated as charity, alms, Islam. The The spiritual
spiritual and and intellectual
intellectual tyranny
tyranny of the Church Church would would not
Islam.
poor-due or alms-giving.
poor-due alms-giving. All All these
these English
English terms terms apply
apply toto any act of permit it. Today that that tyranny
tyranny hashas passed;
passed; many
many of those whose whos~ mother
permit
voluntary, altruistic
voluntary, altruistic giving
giving of of anything
anything useful
useful in in any
any amount,
amount, made with tongue is English have become Muslims; and many of ~~the Mushms h~ve
tongue the Muslims have
the intention
the intention of helping helping those in need. Such Such would correspond
correspond to to the become English speaking. Equally, today the conditions of the English
Enghsh
become English speaking.
Arabic term .Fadaqah. ~adaqah. On On the
the other
other hand,
hand, zakahzakah is is something
something quite quite speaking world need the religious and ~d spiritual values of Islam more th.
speaking an
than
different. ItItisis more
different. more of of the
the nature
natureof ofaa public
public welfare tax, with with the
the specific they did af any other period of their history. Infusion
Infusion of of the language with wit~,
they did at any other period
amount of of 21/2
2112 per cent of
per cent of appropriate wealth beyond
appropriate wealth beyond aa certain minimum
aa new
new religious,
religious, spiritual
spiritual and ethical vocabulary,
vocabulary, and permanent
and the permanent
amount (excluding capital
amount (excluding capital goods, lands, residence,
goods, lands, residence, personal
personal house
house presence of of English speaking Muslims within the i::ngli. English sh sp~aki~g
speaking ~orld
world
furnishings and consumer's goods
furnishings and consumer's goods for domestic use). Its for domestic use). payment is
Its payment to embody
embody and and exemplify
exemplify Islamic values and meanings mean~ngs in m their
the1! daily hves,
to lives,
religiously and publicly obligatory for all Muslims
religiously Muslims without
without exception,
exception, and ... may have
may have salvicsalvic valuevalue notoot only
only for
for the
the English s~g peoples
Engbsh speaking ~~les
it is
it is levied
levied on on all
allinheritances
inheritances beforebefore distribution.
distribution. As the etymology of the themselves, but for the world world ofof which they are the the economic,
econonuc, political
poht1cal
themselves,
word indicates,
word indicates, zakah zakah is is aa "sweetening"
"sweetening" of of the total income of the year
the total and military leaders.
and
and of
and of the
the owner's
owner's continued
continued holding of accumulated wealth. Obviously, As we we havehave already
already suggested,
suggested, transliteration
As transliteration and translation are
and translation
zakah is
zakah is not
not the equivalent of any any one
one of of the
the English
English terms
terms mentioned.
mentioned. It capable
capable of great distortions of the form and
distortions of the form and content Ofcontent <>f Islamic concepts.
must therefore
must therefore never be translated. Rather, itit must must be understood
understood as it In the
the long
long run, run, such
such distortions
distortions cannot
cannot be be without
without effect
effect upon
upon the
In
stands in its Arabic form. spiritual life of the speaker of the language in which the~
spiritual they occur- beca~se
occur —because
The same
The same considerations
considerations are applicable to most of of the vocabulary of of the built-in human
of the built-in human tendency to practice what one thmks, thinks, and to think thmk
Islam, both
Islam, both thethe religion
religion and and the
theculture.
culture.WordsWords like taqwa, hada,
liketaqw&, hudil:, clalal,
t/,alill, what the
what the majority
majority of of one's
one's peers
peers usually
usually understand
understand by the words words in
qist, wahy, ~iyilm, hajj, filth,
gist, waly, u~ul alfiqh,
fiqh, u4141 al fiqh, hadith, etc. have have much more common use. use. PerPer contra,
common contra, the alert
alert Muslim
Muslim who resists the conventions conventions
meaning in their Arabic form than their English approximations are ever
meaning surrounding him and inject~ into them new vision and new spiritual
surrounding him and injects them new vision and new spiritual
capable
capable of of carrying. To give give an English
English translation
translation of them is is to
to reduce, sensitivities is is not
sensitivities not only
only aa blessing to to his
hisown
ownEnglish
Englishspeaking
speaking community,
community,
and often
and often to to ruin, those
those meanings.
meanings. To the scholar scholar in general, intellectual but aa living
living example
example of Islamic loyalty loyalty to
but to the language
language of al Qur'an al
loyalty to
loyalty English form
to English form has has no right to assumeassume priority over loyalty loyalty to Karim. Insistence
Karim. Insistence upon using and preservation of o~that
that language are are,ac~
acts
meaning. The
meaning. The latter
latter is is the
the realm
realm ofof truth;
truth; and truth must take precedence of Islamic
Islamic "purism""purism" necessary
necessary for for preservation
preservation of of that
that Qur'anic
Qur aruc
of
over all
over all other
other values
values — - let alone the value of a convention of the English revelation. Allah Allah (SWT)
(SWT)has manytimes
saidmany
hassaid timesthatthatthe
the Qur'an
Qur'an is an Arabic
speaking people. A fortiori, revelation.
speaking fortiori, for the Muslim,
for the Muslim, loyaltyloyalty to to "the King's
King's Qur'an 41:3; 42:7; 43:3; 46:12; 16:102). I~sconcepts
Qur'an (12:2; 20:113; 39:28; 46:12; 16:102). Its concepts
English"
English" must must never
never assume
assume priority
priority over
over loyalty to Islam, to its meanings and categories
and categories are are Arabic. Were it not for this, the revelation
Arabic. Were revelation would have
and concepts. suffered change
suffered change because
because with the change of language the linkage with the
What
What is being proposed proposed here is not not really
really aa violation
violation of of English.
English. present is gradually
present gradually lost. lost. The old meanings,
meanings, percepts and and.categories
categories of
Rather, it is an enrichment.
Rather, it is an enrichment. In In modern
modern times,
times, the the English
English language
language has thought and life embedded in the language fade away and disappear from
thought and life embedded in the language
profited immensely
profited immensely by by additional
additional vocabulary
vocabulary from from French
French andand German,
German, consciousness without
consciousness without use. use. The tampering with the revelations revelations of the
Spanish and
Spanish and Italian,
Italian, as as it
it did
did from
from Latin
Latin andand Greek
Greek in pre-modern times. earlier prophets, from (Adam), (Nfil)) and
earlier prophets, from (Adam), (Nab) and (Ibrahim) to (Ìsa),(Ibrahim) to ('Isa), would sure-sure-
Nor is
Nor is this
this thethe first
first time
time thatthat English, like all all other
other languages
Europe, ly befall the Qur'anic Qur'anic revelation.
revelation.
stands to to benefit
benefit from
ly
stands from Arabic
Arabic vocabulary.
vocabulary. They They allall did so in their
their "Middle
"Middle
Ages" when Arabic
Arabic was was the the world
Just as loyalty to Islam cannot be separated from loyalty to al qur~
to Islam Qur'an
Ages" when world language
language of of science and technology, of al Karim,
Karim, the the latter
latter cannot
cannot be be separated
separated from from loyalty
loyalty to Arabic,Arabic, itsits
al
administration, of international
administration, international relations and trade. relations and trade. Then, the the English
English
language needed appropriate the theMuslims'
Muslims' discoveries
discoveries in philosophy,
language and
language and form. form. this inseparable connection
connection is i~ at the root of iJaz-
iYaz—
language needed to appropriate the absolute
the absolute inimitability
inimitability of of al Qur'an and
al Qur'an and itsits transcendent
transcendent and and
medicine and pharmacology, in astronomy and navigation,
medicine navigation, agriculture
agriculture miraculous nature. For its sake, and because of its requirement that the
miraculous nature. For
and industry,
and industry, public public administration
administration and. trade, diplomacy
and trade, diplomacy and and language remain
language remain in in constant
constant use, the Arabic
Arabic language
language neither changed changed
international relations.
international relations.This, This,ititcould
coulddo dobyby aa simple
simple act of borrowing; for nor developed over the past
past fifteen
fifteen centuries.
centuries. The The immutability
immutability and and
nor developed over the
it was
it was possible
possible for for the
the English
English and and Latin speaking peoples to learn and permanence of Arabic has saved al Qur'an al Karim from the
permanence of Arabic has saved al Qur'an al Karim from the
develop the materials,
develop the materials, textbooks or textbooks or establishments
establishments to to which
which the the newly
newly hermeneutical problems problems besetting the Old and and New
New Testaments,
Testaments, as as well
hermeneutical
learned vocabulary
learned vocabulary referred.referred. But But itit was
was not thenthen possible
possible for the English as the
the Hindu
Hindu and and Buddhist
Buddhist scriptures;
scriptures; and
and they
they have
have made
made itit possible for
as
or Latin
or Latin languages
languages to to benefit
benefit from the religious and cultural vocabulary vocabulary of us in
in this
this century
century to to understand
understand al Qur'an
us Qur'an al Karimjust
al Karim just as well as the
as well
12 13
Or consider
Or consider the the term zakah which
term zakah which is is often translated as charity, alms, Islam. The The spiritual
spiritual and and intellectual
intellectual tyranny
tyranny of the Church Church would would not
Islam.
poor-due or alms-giving.
poor-due alms-giving. All All these
these English
English terms terms apply
apply toto any act of permit it. Today that that tyranny
tyranny hashas passed;
passed; many
many of those whose whos~ mother
permit
voluntary, altruistic
voluntary, altruistic giving
giving of of anything
anything useful
useful in in any
any amount,
amount, made with tongue is English have become Muslims; and many of ~~the Mushms h~ve
tongue the Muslims have
the intention
the intention of helping helping those in need. Such Such would correspond
correspond to to the become English speaking. Equally, today the conditions of the English
Enghsh
become English speaking.
Arabic term .Fadaqah. ~adaqah. On On the
the other
other hand,
hand, zakahzakah is is something
something quite quite speaking world need the religious and ~d spiritual values of Islam more th.
speaking an
than
different. ItItisis more
different. more of of the
the nature
natureof ofaa public
public welfare tax, with with the
the specific they did af any other period of their history. Infusion
Infusion of of the language with wit~,
they did at any other period
amount of of 21/2
2112 per cent of
per cent of appropriate wealth beyond
appropriate wealth beyond aa certain minimum
aa new
new religious,
religious, spiritual
spiritual and ethical vocabulary,
vocabulary, and permanent
and the permanent
amount (excluding capital
amount (excluding capital goods, lands, residence,
goods, lands, residence, personal
personal house
house presence of of English speaking Muslims within the i::ngli. English sh sp~aki~g
speaking ~orld
world
furnishings and consumer's goods
furnishings and consumer's goods for domestic use). Its for domestic use). payment is
Its payment to embody
embody and and exemplify
exemplify Islamic values and meanings mean~ngs in m their
the1! daily hves,
to lives,
religiously and publicly obligatory for all Muslims
religiously Muslims without
without exception,
exception, and ... may have
may have salvicsalvic valuevalue notoot only
only for
for the
the English s~g peoples
Engbsh speaking ~~les
it is
it is levied
levied on on all
allinheritances
inheritances beforebefore distribution.
distribution. As the etymology of the themselves, but for the world world ofof which they are the the economic,
econonuc, political
poht1cal
themselves,
word indicates,
word indicates, zakah zakah is is aa "sweetening"
"sweetening" of of the total income of the year
the total and military leaders.
and
and of
and of the
the owner's
owner's continued
continued holding of accumulated wealth. Obviously, As we we havehave already
already suggested,
suggested, transliteration
As transliteration and translation are
and translation
zakah is
zakah is not
not the equivalent of any any one
one of of the
the English
English terms
terms mentioned.
mentioned. It capable
capable of great distortions of the form and
distortions of the form and content Ofcontent <>f Islamic concepts.
must therefore
must therefore never be translated. Rather, itit must must be understood
understood as it In the
the long
long run, run, such
such distortions
distortions cannot
cannot be be without
without effect
effect upon
upon the
In
stands in its Arabic form. spiritual life of the speaker of the language in which the~
spiritual they occur- beca~se
occur —because
The same
The same considerations
considerations are applicable to most of of the vocabulary of of the built-in human
of the built-in human tendency to practice what one thmks, thinks, and to think thmk
Islam, both
Islam, both thethe religion
religion and and the
theculture.
culture.WordsWords like taqwa, hada,
liketaqw&, hudil:, clalal,
t/,alill, what the
what the majority
majority of of one's
one's peers
peers usually
usually understand
understand by the words words in
qist, wahy, ~iyilm, hajj, filth,
gist, waly, u~ul alfiqh,
fiqh, u4141 al fiqh, hadith, etc. have have much more common use. use. PerPer contra,
common contra, the alert
alert Muslim
Muslim who resists the conventions conventions
meaning in their Arabic form than their English approximations are ever
meaning surrounding him and inject~ into them new vision and new spiritual
surrounding him and injects them new vision and new spiritual
capable
capable of of carrying. To give give an English
English translation
translation of them is is to
to reduce, sensitivities is is not
sensitivities not only
only aa blessing to to his
hisown
ownEnglish
Englishspeaking
speaking community,
community,
and often
and often to to ruin, those
those meanings.
meanings. To the scholar scholar in general, intellectual but aa living
living example
example of Islamic loyalty loyalty to
but to the language
language of al Qur'an al
loyalty to
loyalty English form
to English form has has no right to assumeassume priority over loyalty loyalty to Karim. Insistence
Karim. Insistence upon using and preservation of o~that
that language are are,ac~
acts
meaning. The
meaning. The latter
latter is is the
the realm
realm ofof truth;
truth; and truth must take precedence of Islamic
Islamic "purism""purism" necessary
necessary for for preservation
preservation of of that
that Qur'anic
Qur aruc
of
over all
over all other
other values
values — - let alone the value of a convention of the English revelation. Allah Allah (SWT)
(SWT)has manytimes
saidmany
hassaid timesthatthatthe
the Qur'an
Qur'an is an Arabic
speaking people. A fortiori, revelation.
speaking fortiori, for the Muslim,
for the Muslim, loyaltyloyalty to to "the King's
King's Qur'an 41:3; 42:7; 43:3; 46:12; 16:102). I~sconcepts
Qur'an (12:2; 20:113; 39:28; 46:12; 16:102). Its concepts
English"
English" must must never
never assume
assume priority
priority over
over loyalty to Islam, to its meanings and categories
and categories are are Arabic. Were it not for this, the revelation
Arabic. Were revelation would have
and concepts. suffered change
suffered change because
because with the change of language the linkage with the
What
What is being proposed proposed here is not not really
really aa violation
violation of of English.
English. present is gradually
present gradually lost. lost. The old meanings,
meanings, percepts and and.categories
categories of
Rather, it is an enrichment.
Rather, it is an enrichment. In In modern
modern times,
times, the the English
English language
language has thought and life embedded in the language fade away and disappear from
thought and life embedded in the language
profited immensely
profited immensely by by additional
additional vocabulary
vocabulary from from French
French andand German,
German, consciousness without
consciousness without use. use. The tampering with the revelations revelations of the
Spanish and
Spanish and Italian,
Italian, as as it
it did
did from
from Latin
Latin andand Greek
Greek in pre-modern times. earlier prophets, from (Adam), (Nfil)) and
earlier prophets, from (Adam), (Nab) and (Ibrahim) to (Ìsa),(Ibrahim) to ('Isa), would sure-sure-
Nor is
Nor is this
this thethe first
first time
time thatthat English, like all all other
other languages
Europe, ly befall the Qur'anic Qur'anic revelation.
revelation.
stands to to benefit
benefit from
ly
stands from Arabic
Arabic vocabulary.
vocabulary. They They allall did so in their
their "Middle
"Middle
Ages" when Arabic
Arabic was was the the world
Just as loyalty to Islam cannot be separated from loyalty to al qur~
to Islam Qur'an
Ages" when world language
language of of science and technology, of al Karim,
Karim, the the latter
latter cannot
cannot be be separated
separated from from loyalty
loyalty to Arabic,Arabic, itsits
al
administration, of international
administration, international relations and trade. relations and trade. Then, the the English
English
language needed appropriate the theMuslims'
Muslims' discoveries
discoveries in philosophy,
language and
language and form. form. this inseparable connection
connection is i~ at the root of iJaz-
iYaz—
language needed to appropriate the absolute
inimitability of of al Qur'an and
al Qur'an and itsits transcendent
transcendent and and
medicine and pharmacology, in astronomy and navigation,
medicine navigation, agriculture
agriculture miraculous nature. For its sake, and because of its requirement that the
miraculous nature. For
and industry,
and industry, public public administration
administration and. trade, diplomacy
and trade, diplomacy and and language remain
language remain in in constant
constant use, the Arabic
Arabic language
language neither changed changed
international relations.
international relations.This, This,ititcould
coulddo dobyby aa simple
simple act of borrowing; for nor developed over the past
past fifteen
fifteen centuries.
centuries. The The immutability
immutability and and
nor developed over the
it was
it was possible
possible for for the
the English
English and and Latin speaking peoples to learn and permanence of Arabic has saved al Qur'an al Karim from the
permanence of Arabic has saved al Qur'an al Karim from the
develop the materials,
develop the materials, textbooks or textbooks or establishments
establishments to to which
which the the newly
newly hermeneutical problems problems besetting the Old and and New
New Testaments,
Testaments, as as well
hermeneutical
learned vocabulary
learned vocabulary referred.referred. But But itit was
was not thenthen possible
possible for the English as the
the Hindu
Hindu and and Buddhist
Buddhist scriptures;
scriptures; and
and they
they have
have made
made itit possible for
as
or Latin
or Latin languages
languages to to benefit
benefit from the religious and cultural vocabulary vocabulary of us in
in this
this century
century to to understand
understand al Qur'an
us Qur'an al Karimjust
al Karim just as well as the
as well
12 13
c~ntemporaries
contemporaries of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet($AAS)
(SAAS)did
didwhen
when they
they heard
heard itit for the
the first
subcontinent who
who created Urdu and other other modern
modern vernaculars
vernaculars such as
time. Faulty transliteration and improper improper translation constitute a serious
Pushtu, Punjabi, Sindi, Baluch and Bengali;
Bengali; byby speakers
speakers of the Bantu
threat to
threat to this
this continuity of Islamic understanding.
understanding.
languages
languages group,
group, who
who created
created Sawahili
Sawahili andand Hausa;
Hausa; by speakers of the
by speakers
If, in
_If, ~pite of
in spite of these
these considerations,
considerations, the theEnglish
English speaking
speaking MuslimMuslim
Turkic group of languages who who created
created Turkish,
Turkish, Uzbek and Tajik; and of
mutilates his
mutilates his own
own name
name and the Arabic Arabic vocabulary
vocabulary of Islam, Islam, whether
whether
the Malay group who created Malay. These languages, and the Islamic
through transliteration, pronunciation
through transliteration, pronunciation or or translation;
translation; or or if he he suffers
suffers
literatures which were
were prodµced
produced in in them under the inspiration of Islam,
without objection
without objection the the Arabic
Arabic language
language of of al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al al Karim
Karim to to be so
are all contributions
contributions to the human spirit, an enrichment of the human
mut~lat~d
mutilated by by others;
others; or,or, which
which is even worse, tolerates
tolerates or encourages
encourages such
legacy. In many instances, the Islamic
legacy. Islamic linguistic contribution had lifted
linguistic contribution
m~tilat1on
mutilation — -whatwhat does this tell about his personality? Surely, a warping
the language from an archaic age to modernity, enriching its vocabulary
of its Islamicness is is in
in evidence
evidence on on three
three levels:
of Islam, giving
with that of giving the new language
language its
its alphabet,
alphabet, and granting it
1.
1. Above all, it betrays a lax or disrespectful attitude to the names of
the inheritance of
of Arabic literature
literature with
with much of its poetical and literary
Allah (SWT).
A!lah (SWT); These~ese beingbein~ Qur'anic,
Q~r'anic,his his laxity
laxity is aa toleration
toleration of tampering
tampering
forms and themes,
themes, and
and providing
providing itit with a bridge of communication with
with
wi_ Qur a~1ctext
t h the Qur'anic textwhich
which is1s holy.
holy. ItIt is
is a defiance of of Allah (SWT) since
1t the then-known world.
it 1s
is He Who said: "It is We
said: "It We WhoWho revealed the Qur'an; Qur'an; and and itit is
is-We
We Who
modern times,
In modern the English language stands in ~eed
times, the need of
of the
the percepts
percepts
shall safeguard it" (15:9).
2. Less and values
values of Islam
Islam which
which only the the Qur'anic
Qur'anic language
language cancan provide.
provide.
. 2. grave but equally
Less grave equally significant
significant isis the the attitude
attitude of laxitylaxity or
Constant use
Constant use of
of their
their Arabic
Arabic form
form will help to shield
shield the
the English-speaking
English-speaking
disrespect
disrespect betrayed
betrayed by by tampering
tamperingwith withthe the names
names of Prophet
of the Prophet
Muslims from
Muslims from the onslaught of materialism,
materialism, utilitarianism,
utilitarianism, skepticism,
(SAAS), of
($AAS), of his
his companions, of the great men and and women
women of Islam, Islam and
of Islamic meanings and values. ' relativism, secularism and hedonism that the last two hundred years have
established firmly in English consciousness. And And itit will sha'a
will -— in shD' a Allah
3. Indirectly,
Indi:ectly, there there isis another
another kindkind of attitude
attitude betrayed
betrayed in in the
the
-— inject a reforming and salutary influence into the the consciousness
consciousness of all
process. It is
process. 1s that of tolerating
tolerating the corruptions
corruptions of the language language of the
English speaking Muslims, pulling them out of their their tragic predicament
predicament in
Qur'an throughthe
Qur'an through theuseuse ofof colloquialisms, whetherwhether those of the Arabic or
other vernaculars. Colloquialisms
Colloquialisms are the most dangerous and persistent modem
modern times.
other
threat
threat to to the
the language, and hence to the text, of of al Qur'an
Qur'an al Karim. They
are the roadroad toto the
the division of the Arabic language into numerous dialects
which
which soon develop into
soon develop languages of
into languages of their alienating the
their own, first alienating
people from, and finally dividing them
finally dividing them against
against,, one
one another. Loyalty to
the colloquial
the languageand/or
colloquial language and/oi the the vernacular
vernacular isis the the mirror
mirror of of
shu_'Ubi"yah,
sluAbiyah , the the promoter
promoter of ethnocentrism.
ethnocentrism. It is is the
the beginning
beginning of of
resistance
resistance to to al
al Qur'iin
Qur'an al Karim Karim itself.
itself. It is is not
not byby accident
accident that every every
enemy of Islam ha~
e?emy has blessed, promoted, and encouraged encouraged the the colloquial
colloquial
dialects of the. the Mushm
Muslim peoples.
peoples. Linguists do know that colloquialisms are
the end of of unity
umty and beginning of division; division; and those of them that know
the continuing role al Qur'an. Qur'an al Karim has played in uniting the Muslims
of thethe world
world across
across the continents
continents as well as the
as well the centuries
centuries and and in
determining their lives, do know that colloqualisms cut the umbilical cord
determining
which binds the Muslims Muslims to to their
their scripture.
~or
For thethe.English
English speaking
spe_aking Muslims
Muslims to to create
create a new new language
language — -
Isl~~1c ~nghsh
Islamic English -— by by addmg
adding to to modern
modern English
English thethe terms of the the religion,
spirituality
spmtua!1ty and and culture
cultureof ofIslam,
Islam, together
together with with aa fewfew pertinent rules of
Arabic grammar, is a worthy, creative and beneficial beneficial effort.
effort. It is not the
first time in history that that it happened.
happened. The The Pahlawi
Pahlawi speaking
speaking Muslims were
the first to create
create Persian
Persian by by exactly
exactly the same method; and they they were
followed
followed by by the speakers of Sanskrit
the speakers Sanskrit andand other languages of the Indian
14 15
c~ntemporaries
contemporaries of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet($AAS)
(SAAS)did
didwhen
when they
they heard
heard itit for the
the first
subcontinent who
who created Urdu and other other modern
modern vernaculars
vernaculars such as
time. Faulty transliteration and improper improper translation constitute a serious
Pushtu, Punjabi, Sindi, Baluch and Bengali;
Bengali; byby speakers
speakers of the Bantu
threat to
threat to this
this continuity of Islamic understanding.
understanding.
languages
languages group,
group, who
who created
created Sawahili
Sawahili andand Hausa;
Hausa; by speakers of the
by speakers
If, in
_If, ~pite of
in spite of these
these considerations,
considerations, the theEnglish
English speaking
speaking MuslimMuslim
Turkic group of languages who who created
created Turkish,
Turkish, Uzbek and Tajik; and of
mutilates his
mutilates his own
own name
name and the Arabic Arabic vocabulary
vocabulary of Islam, Islam, whether
whether
the Malay group who created Malay. These languages, and the Islamic
through transliteration, pronunciation
through transliteration, pronunciation or or translation;
translation; or or if he he suffers
suffers
literatures which were
were prodµced
produced in in them under the inspiration of Islam,
without objection
without objection the the Arabic
Arabic language
language of of al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al al Karim
Karim to to be so
are all contributions
contributions to the human spirit, an enrichment of the human
mut~lat~d
mutilated by by others;
others; or,or, which
which is even worse, tolerates
tolerates or encourages
encourages such
legacy. In many instances, the Islamic
legacy. Islamic linguistic contribution had lifted
linguistic contribution
m~tilat1on
mutilation — -whatwhat does this tell about his personality? Surely, a warping
the language from an archaic age to modernity, enriching its vocabulary
of its Islamicness is is in
in evidence
evidence on on three
three levels:
of Islam, giving
with that of giving the new language
language its
its alphabet,
alphabet, and granting it
1.
1. Above all, it betrays a lax or disrespectful attitude to the names of
the inheritance of
of Arabic literature
literature with
with much of its poetical and literary
Allah (SWT).
A!lah (SWT); These~ese beingbein~ Qur'anic,
Q~r'anic,his his laxity
laxity is aa toleration
toleration of tampering
tampering
forms and themes,
themes, and
and providing
providing itit with a bridge of communication with
with
wi_ Qur a~1ctext
t h the Qur'anic textwhich
which is1s holy.
holy. ItIt is
is a defiance of of Allah (SWT) since
1t the then-known world.
it 1s
is He Who said: "It is We
said: "It We WhoWho revealed the Qur'an; Qur'an; and and itit is
is-We
We Who
modern times,
In modern the English language stands in ~eed
times, the need of
of the
the percepts
percepts
shall safeguard it" (15:9).
2. Less and values
values of Islam
Islam which
which only the the Qur'anic
Qur'anic language
language cancan provide.
provide.
. 2. grave but equally
Less grave equally significant
significant isis the the attitude
attitude of laxitylaxity or
Constant use
Constant use of
of their
their Arabic
Arabic form
form will help to shield
shield the
the English-speaking
English-speaking
disrespect
disrespect betrayed
betrayed by by tampering
tamperingwith withthe the names
names of Prophet
of the Prophet
Muslims from
Muslims from the onslaught of materialism,
materialism, utilitarianism,
utilitarianism, skepticism,
(SAAS), of
($AAS), of his
his companions, of the great men and and women
women of Islam, Islam and
of Islamic meanings and values. ' relativism, secularism and hedonism that the last two hundred years have
established firmly in English consciousness. And And itit will sha'a
will -— in shD' a Allah
3. Indirectly,
Indi:ectly, there there isis another
another kindkind of attitude
attitude betrayed
betrayed in in the
the
-— inject a reforming and salutary influence into the the consciousness
consciousness of all
process. It is
process. 1s that of tolerating
tolerating the corruptions
corruptions of the language language of the
English speaking Muslims, pulling them out of their their tragic predicament
predicament in
Qur'an throughthe
Qur'an through theuseuse ofof colloquialisms, whetherwhether those of the Arabic or
other vernaculars. Colloquialisms
Colloquialisms are the most dangerous and persistent modem
modern times.
other
threat
threat to to the
the language, and hence to the text, of of al Qur'an
Qur'an al Karim. They
are the roadroad toto the
the division of the Arabic language into numerous dialects
which
which soon develop into
soon develop languages of
into languages of their alienating the
their own, first alienating
people from, and finally dividing them
finally dividing them against
against,, one
one another. Loyalty to
the colloquial
the languageand/or
colloquial language and/oi the the vernacular
vernacular isis the the mirror
mirror of of
shu_'Ubi"yah,
sluAbiyah , the the promoter
promoter of ethnocentrism.
ethnocentrism. It is is the
the beginning
beginning of of
resistance
resistance to to al
al Qur'iin
Qur'an al Karim Karim itself.
itself. It is is not
not byby accident
accident that every every
enemy of Islam ha~
e?emy has blessed, promoted, and encouraged encouraged the the colloquial
colloquial
dialects of the. the Mushm
Muslim peoples.
peoples. Linguists do know that colloquialisms are
the end of of unity
umty and beginning of division; division; and those of them that know
the continuing role al Qur'an. Qur'an al Karim has played in uniting the Muslims
of thethe world
world across
across the continents
continents as well as the
as well the centuries
centuries and and in
determining their lives, do know that colloqualisms cut the umbilical cord
determining
which binds the Muslims Muslims to to their
their scripture.
~or
For thethe.English
English speaking
spe_aking Muslims
Muslims to to create
create a new new language
language — -
Isl~~1c ~nghsh
Islamic English -— by by addmg
adding to to modern
modern English
English thethe terms of the the religion,
spirituality
spmtua!1ty and and culture
cultureof ofIslam,
Islam, together
together with with aa fewfew pertinent rules of
Arabic grammar, is a worthy, creative and beneficial beneficial effort.
effort. It is not the
first time in history that that it happened.
happened. The The Pahlawi
Pahlawi speaking
speaking Muslims were
the first to create
create Persian
Persian by by exactly
exactly the same method; and they they were
followed
followed by by the speakers of Sanskrit
the speakers Sanskrit andand other languages of the Indian
14 15
Rectification in
C. The Needed Rectification Transliterati on
in Transliteration 2. Initial
2. Vowels
Initial Vowels
1. Transliterat ion
1. Transliteration of Letters
of Letters
a. Consonants
a. Consonants aa I e:wL:t ip
cia.11. 13:
).Ada
b
b u.
‘.' .tt ~
10 u Adikil.:1 ip
~l:t Et:).44t
tt u
c..1 ~
z JO
.6
4. ~":tip
j..445.117i ojota
th
th ~
t...1 , t
e
Jj ~
S
gh
gh 6t 3. Median
3. or Finial
Median or Vowels
Finial Vowels
h
h . Cc. F
F JJ
-.9.
kh
kh c
t
q
q ~ 'a
'a e:wL:t ip
d
d J
J kk cl
J
II
'u
'u ~lo:' ip
dh
dh j
:3 JJ
rr mm 'I ~":tip
,
J ~
zz . n
n
.
<J ~;;p
Jv.*) (..)
ss h
h -A
-"""
'LA.
(.)" —A
on of Wonls
sh
sh '-"""" w
w J9 2. Transliterati
2. nansliteration Q(Words
y a. General
a. Remarks
General Remarks
!l5 '-"° f.j
*
d.
odo . Y c5
1) Phonetic transliteration
1) Phonetic should be
transliteration should avoided as
be avoided much as
as much possible
as possible
d '-"°
LA because phonetically, any
because phonetically, statement in a foreign language sounds like
any statement in a
person
foreign language
ignorant of the
sounds
language
like aa
is
continuous spectrum of sounds. No
continuous spectrum of sounds. No person ignorant of the language is
Vowels: able to break the spectrum into words, because he does not know where
b.
b. Vowels: able to break the spectrum into words, because he does not know where
~
one
one word begins and
word begins the other
and the other ends. Without such
ends. Without breakdown of
such aa breakdown of the
the
1. Consonant
Following aa Consonant
J. Following aa sounds,
sounds, no recognition of
no recognition constituent words
the constituent
of the words is possible, and
is possible, hence
and hence
u , ~
understanding is
understanding
process of
process sorting
impeded. Even
is impeded.
out the
Even with
words essential
knowledge of
little knowledge
with aa little
to
of sorting out the words essential to any recognition andany
Arabic, the
of Arabic,
recognition
the
and
;;~
understanding
understanding is difficult, if
extremely difficult,
is e,ctremely ifnot impossible. On
notimpossible. other hand,
theother
On the hand,
the person who knows Arabic does not need the phonetic
the person who knows Arabic does not need the phonetic transliteration transliteration
I ~~...ill
since he
since can reproduce
he can reproduce the missing phonetic
the missing upon recognition
rendering upon
phonetic rendering recognition
a of
of the composing the
words composing
the words statement. Thus
the statement. Thus the purpose of
the purpose of
transliteration would not
transliteration would be met if a phonetic transliteration
not be met if a phonetic transliteration were used. were used.
u J ~~JIJ If
If transliteration
transliteration of the Arabic
of the word is
Arabic word first step
is aa first towards understanding
step towards understanding
it, then the word should be presented as an
it, then the word should be presented as an autonomous unit, autonomous without
unit, without
..
. cS ~~~u
.. linkage to what precedes or follows it. This method guaranteeing its ready
linkage to what precedes or follows it. This method
transliteration of
guaranteeing its
words in
Arabic words
of Arabic
ready
the
a 1 4>.l.o recognitionwill
recognition
following lists.
following lists.
willbe used for
be used for transliteration in the
16 17
17
16
Rectification in
C. The Needed Rectification Transliterati on
in Transliteration 2. Initial
2. Vowels
Initial Vowels
1. Transliterat ion
1. Transliteration of Letters
of Letters
a. Consonants
a. Consonants aa I e:wL:t ip
cia.11. 13:
).Ada
b
b u.
‘.' .tt ~
10 u Adikil.:1 ip
~l:t Et:).44t
tt u
c..1 ~
z JO
.6
4. ~":tip
j..445.117i ojota
th
th ~
t...1 , t
e
Jj ~
S
gh
gh 6t 3. Median
3. or Finial
Median or Vowels
Finial Vowels
h
h . Cc. F
F JJ
-.9.
kh
kh c
t
q
q ~ 'a
'a e:wL:t ip
d
d J
J kk cl
J
II
'u
'u ~lo:' ip
dh
dh j
:3 JJ
rr mm 'I ~":tip
,
J ~
zz . n
n
.
<J ~;;p
Jv.*) (..)
ss h
h -A
-"""
'LA.
(.)" —A
on of Wonls
sh
sh '-"""" w
w J9 2. Transliterati
2. nansliteration Q(Words
y a. General
a. Remarks
General Remarks
!l5 '-"° f.j
*
d.
odo . Y c5
1) Phonetic transliteration
1) Phonetic should be
transliteration should avoided as
be avoided much as
as much possible
as possible
d '-"°
LA because phonetically, any
because phonetically, statement in a foreign language sounds like
any statement in a
person
foreign language
ignorant of the
sounds
language
like aa
is
continuous spectrum of sounds. No
continuous spectrum of sounds. No person ignorant of the language is
Vowels: able to break the spectrum into words, because he does not know where
b.
b. Vowels: able to break the spectrum into words, because he does not know where
~
one
one word begins and
word begins the other
and the other ends. Without such
ends. Without breakdown of
such aa breakdown of the
the
1. Consonant
Following aa Consonant
J. Following aa sounds,
sounds, no recognition of
no recognition constituent words
the constituent
of the words is possible, and
is possible, hence
and hence
u , ~
understanding is
understanding
process of
process sorting
impeded. Even
is impeded.
out the
Even with
words essential
knowledge of
little knowledge
with aa little
to
of sorting out the words essential to any recognition andany
Arabic, the
of Arabic,
recognition
the
and
;;~
understanding
understanding is difficult, if
extremely difficult,
is e,ctremely ifnot impossible. On
notimpossible. other hand,
theother
On the hand,
the person who knows Arabic does not need the phonetic
the person who knows Arabic does not need the phonetic transliteration transliteration
I ~~...ill
since he
since can reproduce
he can reproduce the missing phonetic
the missing upon recognition
rendering upon
phonetic rendering recognition
a of
of the composing the
words composing
the words statement. Thus
the statement. Thus the purpose of
the purpose of
transliteration would not
transliteration would be met if a phonetic transliteration
not be met if a phonetic transliteration were used. were used.
u J ~~JIJ If
If transliteration
transliteration of the Arabic
of the word is
Arabic word first step
is aa first towards understanding
step towards understanding
it, then the word should be presented as an
it, then the word should be presented as an autonomous unit, autonomous without
unit, without
..
. cS ~~~u
.. linkage to what precedes or follows it. This method guaranteeing its ready
linkage to what precedes or follows it. This method
transliteration of
guaranteeing its
words in
Arabic words
of Arabic
ready
the
a 1 4>.l.o recognitionwill
recognition
following lists.
following lists.
willbe used for
be used for transliteration in the
16 17
17
16
2) It may
may be 3) The demonstrative al al should
should be be disregarded
disregarded in
2) It be objected
objected thatthat non-phonetical
non-phonetical transliteration
transliteration constitutes
constitutes 3) The demonstrative in all
all alphabetical
alphabetical
aa sort
sort ofof tampering
tampering with with thethe Arabic
Arabic language;
language; and and where
where the text is
the text is listings of the words to which it is
listings of the words to which it is conjoined.conjoined.
Qur'anic, such tampering
tampering would would be be aa grave
grave offense.
offense. The
The answer,
answer, first
first of
of
Qur'anic, such
all, is
is that
that the
the purpose
purpose of of transliterating
transliterating any any Arabic
Arabic text, 4) ~hen
4) When the. de~onstrative al is preceded by _a particle
the demonstrative al is preceded by a particle
text, including
including al al (prep~s1t10nal: con1unc~1~n~l, s~ch as
all, (prepositional, conjunctional, or or other,
other, such as .':'. _J, j, J, f,, .;
Qur'an al Kanm, is to bring it closer to the understanding
Qur'an al Karim, is to bring it closer to the understanding of those who of those who etc.) , it loses its a and is JOmed to the said
etc.), it loses its a and is joined to the said particle. This particle. This rule
rule does
does notnot
are not strong in in the Arabic language.
language. Phonetic
Phonetic transliteration
transliteration maymay assist
assist
are
in
not strong
achieving a
the Arabic apply when
apply when thethe preceding
preceding particle
particle hashas aa long
long vowel,
vowel, such
such asas i;
4,.J, t.. .J&-,
in achieving a properproper pronunciation
pronunciation of of the Arabic word
the Arabic word oror phrase, but it
phrase, but it etc. See
etc. See 1919 below.
below.
does so
does so atat the
the expense
expense of of aa recognition
recognition of of the
the words
words being
being uttered.
uttered.
Secondly, the 5) The shaddah • and and the the consonant
consonant it it qualifies
qualifies should
should be be
Secondly, the Latin alphabet transliteration
Latin alphabet transliteration of of aa Qur'anic
Qur'anic passage
passage is is not
not 5) The shaddah
the "Holy" al Qur'an al Kanm , but a means to reaching and transliterated
transliterated as as aa double
double consonant.
consonant.
the "Holy" al Qur'an al Karim, but a means to reaching and
understanding
understandingit.it. It can therefore
It can therefore take take any
any shape
shape oror form
form which
which is is 6) Arabic dipthongs(.,L'='L} .':'l.Jl·':'ll should
conducive
6) Arabic dipthongs(3 1 •(.0)•cF1-..q..41) shouldbe betransliterated
transliterated as as
conducive to to that
that end.
end. WeWe grant
grant that
thatunderstanding
understandingthe theQur'anic text and
Queinic text and aw, ay, uw, uy,
aw, ay, uw, uy, iw, iy, respectively.
iw, iy, respectively.
pronouncing
pronouncing itit correctly
correctly should
should go hand-in-hand. That
go hand-in-hand. That isis the
the principle
principle
implied in encouraging
7) H~
7) Hamzah al WQ.fl T
alwas:l shouldbe
T should be transliterated
transliterated as harTIQJh al
a& hamzah alqafl
qa.'l ..
children, and even adults,
implied in encouraging children, and even adults, to memorize the to memorize the text.
text.
But for The words it connects should be separated.' The
The words it connects should be separated. The I supporting both I supporting both
adults who do not know the language,
But for adults who do not know the language, understanding must understanding must be be
regarded as prior to correct phonetic rendering because it, rather than the
uses of hamzah
uses of hamzah and and of of -- (maddah)
(maddah) is is not transliterated.
not transliterated.
phonetic
phonetic rendering,
rendering, is the prime
is the prime cause
cause of ofconviction
conviction (imin)
(Iman) and and 8) the
8) ending•
the ending e ,, 4-(ta'marb~)sh
L(ta'marbiaph) shouldould be rendered hh in
be rendered in all
all cases
cases
attachment to
attachment to the
the holy
holy text.
text. to distinguish it
to distinguish from .:.
it from or
or t.t.
9) When
9) When the the vowels
vowels II and and jJ have
haveno
nophonetic
phoneticfunction,
function, as
as in !,1a.i,,
in IJki
3) Vocalization and linkagelinkage with
with the
the preceding
preceding and
and following
following words
3) Vocalization and words ~ , they whould not be transliterated.
render their recognition by the person who knows little 4).c , they whould not be transliterated.
render their recognition by the person who knows little or no Arabic
or no Arabic 10) Th.e cases of tabwin j1, • , should be
be transliterated as follows:
follows:
difficult. 10) The cases of tabwin should transliterated as
difficult. The
The same
same wordword repeated
repeated in in aa passage
passage but
but inin different
different sound
sound an = = I •
patterns escapes identification. The differing construction of the nouns an
patterns escapes identification. The differing construction of the nouns un = •
following their grammatical status, and of the verbs following both un =
following their grammatical status, and of the verbs following both their their in = .
grammatical in =
grammaticalstatus status and conjugation, exacerbate
and conjugation, exacerbate the the difficulty
difficulty ofof 7lmwin
understanding still further Tanwin of of e• 4- (ta'
(ta' marbfaah)
marbUt.ah) is is transliterated not as
transliterated not han, hun,
as han, hun, and
and hin,
hin,
understanding still further.. To
To help
help the
the reader
reader identify
identify the
the identical
identical verbs
verbs but as tan, tun, and tin. ,
and nouns but as tan, tun, and tin.
and nouns in in their
their diverse
diverse forms
forms andand renderings
renderings andand thus
thus toto surmount
surmount thethe
problem, it is necessary to fix the words 11) The vowel Ls maq~urah should
in a certain form.
problem, it is necessary to fix the words in a certain form. To this To this end,
end, aa 11) The vowel or alif
i.s or alif macgarah should be transliterated as
be transliterated as aa..
number
number of of rules
rules affecting
affecting the
the grammar
grammar and and conjugation
conjugation of of forms
forms must
must bebe
12) All relative
12) All relative adjectives
adjectives and
and nouns
nouns ending
ending with ~:;such
with c67 ~,
as u;A:
such as
instituted.
instituted. may be transliterated as i or iyy.
may be transliterated as i or iyy. -
4) All word transliterations
transliterations should
should be be of
of the Arabic wordword in its
4) All word the Arabic in its 13) Regular
Regular plural nouns ending
ending with
with un
un in
in the
the nominative
nominative case
case
literary, not colloquial, form. 13) plural nouns
literary, not colloquial, form. preserve this form
preserve this form when
when transliterated, even if
transliterated, even if they
they happen
happen toto be
be direct
direct or
or
indirect objects.
indirect E.g.,~
objects.E.g., arK-.4 andand ~ are are both
both transliterated
transliterated
b. Specific
b. Specific Rules
Rules matakallimun.
matakallimun. -
1) The demonstrative JI should shouldbe betransliterated
transliteratedas asal
al (not
(not el
el or
or ul
ul
1) The demonstrative JI 14) Singular
Singular nouns
or ii) and should be written separate, without a hyphen separating it from 14) nouns which which change
change their
their endings
endings depending
depending on on their
their
or il) and should be written separate, without a hyphen separating it from
the following
following word, gram~atical fo~
grammatical form ,):,1 _,.;..~ ,, ~1 ,, ~\ ,, Ll 41 ,
, ~t ,
, i.r-1
Lel ,
, should
should be
be
the word, and and always
always inin small.letters
small.letters except
except after
after aa period
period oror hl
when transliterated akhU,
transliterated abu, etc.
alchii, (ibis, etc.,, regardless
regardless of
of their
their grammatical
grammatical form.form.
when it it is
is part
part of
of aa title
title or
or divine
divine name.
name.
15) Vocalization
15) Vocalizationof of the
the last
last consonant
consonant ofof the
the word
word need not be
need not be
2) The aforesaid rule applies to to all
all uses
µses ofof the
thedemonstrative
demonstrative
2) The aforesaid rule applies transliterated.
transliterated.
regardless of whether it is followed by ashamsi (1, th, d, db, r, z, s, sh, s,
regardless of whether it is followed by a shantsi th, d, dh, r,
d, t; z, l, n) or qamafi U, h, kb,', gh, f, q , k, m, h, w, y) consonant. 16) Diacritical
16) marks should
Diacritical marks should bebe used
used with
with lower
lowercase
case as
as well
well as
as with
with
d, t, z, 1, n) or qamari (j, h, kh, gh, f, q, k, m, h, w, y) consonant.
e.g.: alal shams,
shams, not ash shams; capital
capital letters.
e.g.: not ash shams; al
al dar,
dar, not
not adad dar:
dar; etc.
etc. letters.
18 19
19
18
2) It may
may be 3) The demonstrative al al should
should be be disregarded
disregarded in
2) It be objected
objected thatthat non-phonetical
non-phonetical transliteration
transliteration constitutes
constitutes 3) The demonstrative in all
all alphabetical
alphabetical
aa sort
sort ofof tampering
tampering with with thethe Arabic
Arabic language;
language; and and where
where the text is
the text is listings of the words to which it is
listings of the words to which it is conjoined.conjoined.
Qur'anic, such tampering
tampering would would be be aa grave
grave offense.
offense. The
The answer,
answer, first
first of
of
Qur'anic, such
all, is
is that
that the
the purpose
purpose of of transliterating
transliterating any any Arabic
Arabic text, 4) ~hen
4) When the. de~onstrative al is preceded by _a particle
the demonstrative al is preceded by a particle
text, including
including al al (prep~s1t10nal: con1unc~1~n~l, s~ch as
all, (prepositional, conjunctional, or or other,
other, such as .':'. _J, j, J, f,, .;
Qur'an al Kanm, is to bring it closer to the understanding
Qur'an al Karim, is to bring it closer to the understanding of those who of those who etc.) , it loses its a and is JOmed to the said
etc.), it loses its a and is joined to the said particle. This particle. This rule
rule does
does notnot
are not strong in in the Arabic language.
language. Phonetic
Phonetic transliteration
transliteration maymay assist
assist
are
in
not strong
achieving a
the Arabic apply when
apply when thethe preceding
preceding particle
particle hashas aa long
long vowel,
vowel, such
such asas i;
4,.J, t.. .J&-,
in achieving a properproper pronunciation
pronunciation of of the Arabic word
the Arabic word oror phrase, but it
phrase, but it etc. See
etc. See 1919 below.
below.
does so
does so atat the
the expense
expense of of aa recognition
recognition of of the
the words
words being
being uttered.
uttered.
Secondly, the 5) The shaddah • and and the the consonant
consonant it it qualifies
qualifies should
should be be
Secondly, the Latin alphabet transliteration
Latin alphabet transliteration of of aa Qur'anic
Qur'anic passage
passage is is not
not 5) The shaddah
the "Holy" al Qur'an al Kanm , but a means to reaching and transliterated
transliterated as as aa double
double consonant.
consonant.
the "Holy" al Qur'an al Karim, but a means to reaching and
understanding
understandingit.it. It can therefore
It can therefore take take any
any shape
shape oror form
form which
which is is 6) Arabic dipthongs(.,L'='L} .':'l.Jl·':'ll should
conducive
6) Arabic dipthongs(3 1 •(.0)•cF1-..q..41) shouldbe betransliterated
transliterated as as
conducive to to that
that end.
end. WeWe grant
grant that
thatunderstanding
understandingthe theQur'anic text and
Queinic text and aw, ay, uw, uy,
aw, ay, uw, uy, iw, iy, respectively.
iw, iy, respectively.
pronouncing
pronouncing itit correctly
correctly should
should go hand-in-hand. That
go hand-in-hand. That isis the
the principle
principle
implied in encouraging
7) H~
7) Hamzah al WQ.fl T
alwas:l shouldbe
T should be transliterated
transliterated as harTIQJh al
a& hamzah alqafl
qa.'l ..
children, and even adults,
implied in encouraging children, and even adults, to memorize the to memorize the text.
text.
But for The words it connects should be separated.' The
The words it connects should be separated. The I supporting both I supporting both
adults who do not know the language,
But for adults who do not know the language, understanding must understanding must be be
uses of hamzah
uses of hamzah and and of of -- (maddah)
(maddah) is is not transliterated.
not transliterated.
phonetic
phonetic rendering,
rendering, is the prime
is the prime cause
cause of ofconviction
conviction (imin)
(Iman) and and 8) the
8) ending•
the ending e ,, 4-(ta'marb~)sh
L(ta'marbiaph) shouldould be rendered hh in
be rendered in all
all cases
cases
attachment to
attachment to the
the holy
holy text.
text. to distinguish it
to distinguish from .:.
it from or
or t.t.
9) When
9) When the the vowels
vowels II and and jJ have
haveno
nophonetic
phoneticfunction,
function, as
as in !,1a.i,,
in IJki
3) Vocalization and linkagelinkage with
with the
the preceding
preceding and
and following
following words
3) Vocalization and words ~ , they whould not be transliterated.
render their recognition by the person who knows little 4).c , they whould not be transliterated.
render their recognition by the person who knows little or no Arabic
or no Arabic 10) Th.e cases of tabwin j1, • , should be
be transliterated as follows:
follows:
difficult. 10) The cases of tabwin should transliterated as
difficult. The
The same
same wordword repeated
repeated in in aa passage
passage but
but inin different
different sound
sound an = = I •
patterns escapes identification. The differing construction of the nouns an
patterns escapes identification. The differing construction of the nouns un = •
following their grammatical status, and of the verbs following both un =
following their grammatical status, and of the verbs following both their their in = .
grammatical in =
grammaticalstatus status and conjugation, exacerbate
and conjugation, exacerbate the the difficulty
difficulty ofof 7lmwin
understanding still further Tanwin of of e• 4- (ta'
(ta' marbfaah)
marbUt.ah) is is transliterated not as
transliterated not han, hun,
as han, hun, and
and hin,
hin,
understanding still further.. To
To help
help the
the reader
reader identify
identify the
the identical
identical verbs
verbs but as tan, tun, and tin. ,
and nouns but as tan, tun, and tin.
and nouns in in their
their diverse
diverse forms
forms andand renderings
renderings andand thus
thus toto surmount
surmount thethe
problem, it is necessary to fix the words 11) The vowel Ls maq~urah should
in a certain form.
problem, it is necessary to fix the words in a certain form. To this To this end,
end, aa 11) The vowel or alif
i.s or alif macgarah should be transliterated as
be transliterated as aa..
number
number of of rules
rules affecting
affecting the
the grammar
grammar and and conjugation
conjugation of of forms
forms must
must bebe
12) All relative
12) All relative adjectives
adjectives and
and nouns
nouns ending
ending with ~:;such
with c67 ~,
as u;A:
such as
instituted.
instituted. may be transliterated as i or iyy.
may be transliterated as i or iyy. -
4) All word transliterations
transliterations should
should be be of
of the Arabic wordword in its
4) All word the Arabic in its 13) Regular
Regular plural nouns ending
ending with
with un
un in
in the
the nominative
nominative case
case
literary, not colloquial, form. 13) plural nouns
literary, not colloquial, form. preserve this form
preserve this form when
when transliterated, even if
transliterated, even if they
they happen
happen toto be
be direct
direct or
or
indirect objects.
indirect E.g.,~
objects.E.g., arK-.4 andand ~ are are both
both transliterated
transliterated
b. Specific
b. Specific Rules
Rules matakallimun.
matakallimun. -
1) The demonstrative JI should shouldbe betransliterated
transliteratedas asal
al (not
(not el
el or
or ul
ul
1) The demonstrative JI 14) Singular
Singular nouns
or ii) and should be written separate, without a hyphen separating it from 14) nouns which which change
change their
their endings
endings depending
depending on on their
their
or il) and should be written separate, without a hyphen separating it from
the following
following word, gram~atical fo~
grammatical form ,):,1 _,.;..~ ,, ~1 ,, ~\ ,, Ll 41 ,
, ~t ,
, i.r-1
Lel ,
, should
should be
be
the word, and and always
always inin small.letters
small.letters except
except after
after aa period
period oror hl
when transliterated akhU,
transliterated abu, etc.
alchii, (ibis, etc.,, regardless
regardless of
of their
their grammatical
grammatical form.form.
when it it is
is part
part of
of aa title
title or
or divine
divine name.
name.
15) Vocalization
15) Vocalizationof of the
the last
last consonant
consonant ofof the
the word
word need not be
need not be
2) The aforesaid rule applies to to all
all uses
µses ofof the
thedemonstrative
demonstrative
2) The aforesaid rule applies transliterated.
transliterated.
regardless of whether it is followed by ashamsi (1, th, d, db, r, z, s, sh, s,
regardless of whether it is followed by a shantsi th, d, dh, r,
d, t; z, l, n) or qamafi U, h, kb,', gh, f, q , k, m, h, w, y) consonant. 16) Diacritical
16) marks should
Diacritical marks should bebe used
used with
with lower
lowercase
case as
as well
well as
as with
with
d, t, z, 1, n) or qamari (j, h, kh, gh, f, q, k, m, h, w, y) consonant.
e.g.: alal shams,
shams, not ash shams; capital
capital letters.
e.g.: not ash shams; al
al dar,
dar, not
not adad dar:
dar; etc.
etc. letters.
18 19
19
18
~! and~ D. The
17) ‘:).
17) ,1 and b.! should
should always
always bebe transliterated as ibn.
transliterated as ibn. D. The Needed
Rectification in
in Translation
18) Proper
18) Proper adjectives,
adjectives, derived
derived from
from names
names ofof countries,
countries, periods,
periods, or
or \
other proper
other proper nouns,
nouns, should
should be
be transliterated
transliterated inin their
their Arabic
Arabic form
form (e.g.,
(e.g., \
Sunni,
Sunni, Shif,
Shif, Su'Udi, Umawi, 1bbasi,
Sufi, Umawi, :.tbbasi, etc.) not in
etc.) not in an
an Anglicized
Anglicized form
form 1. General
1. General Rules
Rules
(Sunnite, Sh1'1te, etc.) or Frenchified
(Sunnite, Shiite, etc.) or Frenchified form form (Abbasid,
('Abbasid, Umayyad,
Umayyad,
Fatimid, etc.). The
Fatimid, etc.). The Arabic
Arabicform
form — - in
in the
thesingular
singular masculine
masculine —- may
may bebe a. The
a. The titles
titles of the sunwar
of the sunwar (s. (s. sfah,
sfah, aa subdivision
subdivision of of the
the Qur'anic
used for
used for both
both the plural and
the plural and the feminine.
the feminine. text)
text) of
of al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al
al Karim
Karim were
were not
not given
given as
as indices
indices of
of the subject
the subject
19) "1
·1ne matters treated in each chapter, but as identifying
matters treated in each chapter, but as identifying logical symbols to logical symbols to
19) heprepositions
prepositionswith
withshort
short vowels
vowels mentioned
mentioned in in 44 above
above shall shall
be joined toto the
the words
words they
they qualify
qualify even help in locating the surah in question.
help in locating the surah in question. Hence, they ought to Hence, they ought to be treated
be joined even though
though they
they are
are not separated
not separated
therefrom with
therefrom with the demonstrative al,
the demonstrative al, e.g.
e.g. BISMI
BISMI instead
instead ofof BI ISMI. as proper
as proper names
names and and not not bebe translated.
translated.
20) The median alif which occurs
20) The median alif which occurs in suchin names<lll,.-.tA~l.~1
such names4111 ,,.-,A.:):+1 ,,10,-::.--1
b. The words of the
b. The words of the adhan should iJdhim should always
always be be given
given in in Arabic
Arabic rather
~1 should
should be transliterated as
be transliterated as a: e.g. Allah,
a: e.g. Allah, Ibrahim,
Ibrahim, than in translation.
than in translation.
lsma'il, lsl}aq,
IsmaT, 1st*, etc. etc. c.
c. The divine names
The divine names and/or attributesshould
and/or attributes shouldalwaysalways be be given
given inin their
their
21) Proper
Proper names
names composed
composed of
of abu,
abu, àbd,
'abd, dhu etc and original Arabic
original Arabic formform -— as as they
they occur
occur in in al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al al Karim.
Karim.
21) dhu etc and another
another word word
d. Most
Most of
denoting a divine or human name, the name of a place or a thing, shall d. the words
of the words in in thethe list
list that
that follows
follows are are Qur'anic.
Qur'anic. EachEach
denoting a divine or human name, the name of a place or a thing, shall be be expresses
transliterated asas one
one word.
word. The
The second
second component
component shallshall begin
begin with with a a meaning that is not
expresses a meaning that is not possible to render possible to render in one English word.
transliterated
capital This meaning
meaning has has been
been paraphrased
paraphrased in in anan accompanying
accompanying defining defining phrase
phrase
capital letter
letter in order to
in order tomake
makeit itreadily
readilyrecognizable,
recognizable, e.g. e.g. This
'Abdu!Rahman,
'AbdulRahman, or sentence.
or sentence.
AbuBakr e. The rule
e. The rule against
against translation
translation does does not not apply
apply to to the
the Qur'anic
Qur'anic term
term
AbuBakr
mentioned in the first
mentioned in the first two columnstwo columns alone. alone. It It extends
extends to to their
their conjugations
conjugations
Where the second
second component
component is is preceded
preceded by
by the demonstrative al,al, in case
in case they
they areare verbs,
verbs, as as well
well as as to
to their
their derivatives
derivatives (plurals,
(plurals, feminine
feminine
Where the the demonstrative
the first
the first component shall be
component shall be placed
placed in
in the
the nominative,
nominative, and
and the first letter
the first letter
fonns. foliations or mushtaqqiit provided these
forms, foliations or mushtaqqat provided these carry the same Qur'anic carry the same
of the
of second component
the second component shall be treated
shall be as qamari.
treated as qamari. meanings.
meanings.
f. In
f. order to
In order make certain
to make certain that that thethe reader
reader or or audience
audience understand
understand
the precise Islamic meaning
the precise Islamic meaning of of the
the term
term or or expression
expression in in question,
question, authors
lhould include
should include aa briefbrief explanation
explanation or or definition
definition in in parenthesis,following
parenthesis,following
the first occurrence of any untranslatable word
the first occurrence of any untranslatable word or phrase. Thereafter, or phrase. Thereafter, in in
the same
the same work,
work, it it can
can be be treated
treated like like anyany other
other English
English word,word, without
without
1pecia1 lettering
special lettering or or underlining.
underlining.
g.
g. NoNo list
list given
given in in this
this essay
essay is is exhaustive.
exhaustive. They They are are all
all preliminary,
preliminary,
and further research is needed to
and further research is needed to establish aa complete establish complete list list of the terms
of the terms
each discipline or activity requires to maintain
each discipline or activity requires to maintain its Islamic character and its Islamic character and
1tyle. Since Islam is being taught on the
style. Since Islam is being taught on the college level in non-Arabic college level in non-Arabic
languages around
languages around the the world,
world, the the time
time has has comecome to to institute
institute common
common
curricula
curricula and and terminology
terminology which which wouldwould guarantee
guarantee the continuity of
the continuity of
Islamic
Islamic knowledge
knowledge despite despite its its pursuit
pursuit in languages other
in languages than Arabic.
other than Arabic.
Each of
Each the Islamic
of the Islamic sciences traditionally taught
sciences traditionally taught in in the
the colleges
colleges of u.rul al
of u..yul al
din, shan"ah and Arabic needs to establish a list
din, sharrah and Arabic needs to establish a list of terms which it regards of terms which it regards
as
as essential. Such lists
essential. Such lists would
would form form canons
canons for for the
the disciplines,
disciplines, safeguarded
safeguarded
from falsification
from falsification or or alteration
alteration throughthrough translation.
translation.
The following
The following lists lists areare meant
meant to to initiate
initiate and and institutionalize
institutionalize such such
development for the Muslim users
development for the Muslim users of the English language. The of the English language. The
traditional Islamic sciences are not the only
traditional Islamic sciences are not the only disciplines to be affected. disciplines to be affected.
20 21
21
20
~! and~ D. The
17) ‘:).
17) ,1 and b.! should
should always
always bebe transliterated as ibn.
transliterated as ibn. D. The Needed
Rectification in
in Translation
18) Proper
18) Proper adjectives,
adjectives, derived
derived from
from names
names ofof countries,
countries, periods,
periods, or
or \
other proper
other proper nouns,
nouns, should
should be
be transliterated
transliterated inin their
their Arabic
Arabic form
form (e.g.,
(e.g., \
Sunni,
Sunni, Shif,
Shif, Su'Udi, Umawi, 1bbasi,
Sufi, Umawi, :.tbbasi, etc.) not in
etc.) not in an
an Anglicized
Anglicized form
form 1. General
1. General Rules
Rules
(Sunnite, Sh1'1te, etc.) or Frenchified
(Sunnite, Shiite, etc.) or Frenchified form form (Abbasid,
('Abbasid, Umayyad,
Umayyad,
Fatimid, etc.). The
Fatimid, etc.). The Arabic
Arabicform
form — - in
in the
thesingular
singular masculine
masculine —- may
may bebe a. The
a. The titles
titles of the sunwar
of the sunwar (s. (s. sfah,
sfah, aa subdivision
subdivision of of the
the Qur'anic
used for
used for both
both the plural and
the plural and the feminine.
the feminine. text)
text) of
of al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al
al Karim
Karim were
were not
not given
given as
as indices
indices of
of the subject
the subject
19) "1
·1ne matters treated in each chapter, but as identifying
matters treated in each chapter, but as identifying logical symbols to logical symbols to
19) heprepositions
prepositionswith
withshort
short vowels
vowels mentioned
mentioned in in 44 above
above shall shall
be joined toto the
the words
words they
they qualify
qualify even help in locating the surah in question.
help in locating the surah in question. Hence, they ought to Hence, they ought to be treated
be joined even though
though they
they are
are not separated
not separated
therefrom with
therefrom with the demonstrative al,
the demonstrative al, e.g.
e.g. BISMI
BISMI instead
instead ofof BI ISMI. as proper
as proper names
names and and not not bebe translated.
translated.
20) The median alif which occurs
20) The median alif which occurs in suchin names<lll,.-.tA~l.~1
such names4111 ,,.-,A.:):+1 ,,10,-::.--1
b. The words of the
b. The words of the adhan should iJdhim should always
always be be given
given in in Arabic
Arabic rather
~1 should
should be transliterated as
be transliterated as a: e.g. Allah,
a: e.g. Allah, Ibrahim,
Ibrahim, than in translation.
than in translation.
lsma'il, lsl}aq,
IsmaT, 1st*, etc. etc. c.
c. The divine names
The divine names and/or attributesshould
and/or attributes shouldalwaysalways be be given
given inin their
their
21) Proper
Proper names
names composed
composed of
of abu,
abu, àbd,
'abd, dhu etc and original Arabic
original Arabic formform -— as as they
they occur
occur in in al
al Qur'an
Qur'an al al Karim.
Karim.
21) dhu etc and another
another word word
d. Most
Most of
denoting a divine or human name, the name of a place or a thing, shall d. the words
of the words in in thethe list
list that
that follows
follows are are Qur'anic.
Qur'anic. EachEach
denoting a divine or human name, the name of a place or a thing, shall be be expresses
transliterated asas one
one word.
word. The
The second
second component
component shallshall begin
begin with with a a meaning that is not
expresses a meaning that is not possible to render possible to render in one English word.
transliterated
capital This meaning
meaning has has been
been paraphrased
paraphrased in in anan accompanying
accompanying defining defining phrase
phrase
capital letter
letter in order to
in order tomake
makeit itreadily
readilyrecognizable,
recognizable, e.g. e.g. This
'Abdu!Rahman,
'AbdulRahman, or sentence.
or sentence.
AbuBakr e. The rule
e. The rule against
against translation
translation does does not not apply
apply to to the
the Qur'anic
Qur'anic term
term
AbuBakr
mentioned in the first
mentioned in the first two columnstwo columns alone. alone. It It extends
extends to to their
their conjugations
conjugations
Where the second
second component
component is is preceded
preceded by
by the demonstrative al,al, in case
in case they
they areare verbs,
verbs, as as well
well as as to
to their
their derivatives
derivatives (plurals,
(plurals, feminine
feminine
Where the the demonstrative
the first
the first component shall be
component shall be placed
placed in
in the
the nominative,
nominative, and
and the first letter
the first letter
fonns. foliations or mushtaqqiit provided these
forms, foliations or mushtaqqat provided these carry the same Qur'anic carry the same
of the
of second component
the second component shall be treated
shall be as qamari.
treated as qamari. meanings.
meanings.
f. In
f. order to
In order make certain
to make certain that that thethe reader
reader or or audience
audience understand
understand
the precise Islamic meaning
the precise Islamic meaning of of the
the term
term or or expression
expression in in question,
question, authors
lhould include
should include aa briefbrief explanation
explanation or or definition
definition in in parenthesis,following
parenthesis,following
the first occurrence of any untranslatable word
the first occurrence of any untranslatable word or phrase. Thereafter, or phrase. Thereafter, in in
the same
the same work,
work, it it can
can be be treated
treated like like anyany other
other English
English word,word, without
without
1pecia1 lettering
special lettering or or underlining.
underlining.
g.
g. NoNo list
list given
given in in this
this essay
essay is is exhaustive.
exhaustive. They They are are all
all preliminary,
preliminary,
and further research is needed to
and further research is needed to establish aa complete establish complete list list of the terms
of the terms
each discipline or activity requires to maintain
each discipline or activity requires to maintain its Islamic character and its Islamic character and
1tyle. Since Islam is being taught on the
style. Since Islam is being taught on the college level in non-Arabic college level in non-Arabic
languages around
languages around the the world,
world, the the time
time has has comecome to to institute
institute common
common
curricula
curricula and and terminology
terminology which which wouldwould guarantee
guarantee the continuity of
the continuity of
Islamic
Islamic knowledge
knowledge despite despite its its pursuit
pursuit in languages other
in languages than Arabic.
other than Arabic.
Each of
Each the Islamic
of the Islamic sciences traditionally taught
sciences traditionally taught in in the
the colleges
colleges of u.rul al
of u..yul al
din, shan"ah and Arabic needs to establish a list
din, sharrah and Arabic needs to establish a list of terms which it regards of terms which it regards
as
as essential. Such lists
essential. Such lists would
would form form canons
canons for for the
the disciplines,
disciplines, safeguarded
safeguarded
from falsification
from falsification or or alteration
alteration throughthrough translation.
translation.
The following
The following lists lists areare meant
meant to to initiate
initiate and and institutionalize
institutionalize such such
development for the Muslim users
development for the Muslim users of the English language. The of the English language. The
traditional Islamic sciences are not the only
traditional Islamic sciences are not the only disciplines to be affected. disciplines to be affected.
20 21
21
20
Considering that every
every branch
branch of of knowledge
knowledge should
should be Islamized
Islamized so as to 2. List of
ofIslamic
Islamic Words/concepts
Words/concepts
mirror a consciousness determined by by the principles and values of Islam,
there is aa crying
crying need
need forfor Islamic
Islamic shcolarship
shcolarship to to establish
establish those
those key
key ~1 AJAL the time appointed by ALLAH
ALLAH
concepts, categories, technical
technical vocabularies
vocabularies expressing Islam as it relates (S'VVT)
(SWf) forforany
anyevent
event
I' to every
every mental,
mental, ethical
ethical or oresthetic
estheticactivity.
activity. Islam's
Islam's comprehensive
comprehensive
guidance
guidance forfor the
the physical,
physical, economic,
economic, social,
social, political,
political, and
and spiritual
·spiritual 6_,i..~I
7,.., 0 I AL
ALAKHIRAH
AKHIRAH eternal consummation
judgment; eternal
spheres
spheres of life
life requires
requires suchsuch carefully
carefully established
established listslists as
as tools
tools of its of judgment
judgment in Paradise or Hell
relevance. Fulfilling this
relevance. Fulfilling this requirement
requirement isis an an integral
integral part
part of the general
program of of the
the Islamization
Islamization of knowledge-the task par excellence
ofknowledge—the excellence of
the fifteenth century
century of of the
the Hijrah.
Hijrah. t1 AKH (pl. IKHW
IKHWAH,AH, IKHWAN)
h. brother
brother in faith
h. The reckoning of of time isis an extrememly
extrememly important
important aspect of of human
consciousness.
consciousness. TheTheIslamic
Islamicday punctuated by
day isis punctuated times of~
by times of salah which also
identify the portions of time separating them. These have no equivalent i:,l.'.11 ADHAN
6151 ADHAN call to the
the supreme act of worship
worship
in English and must
English and must be be used
used inin their
their Arabic
Arabic form.
form. They
They are:
are: AL
AL FAJR,
FAJR,
AL DUH.A,
DUHA, AL AL ZUHR
ZUHR or or AL
AL 4AHTRAH,
ZAHIRAH, AL AL ÀSR,
'ASR, AL MAGHRIB 0-.1..1"'~1
I I AL ISRA'
ALISRA' noncturnal
noncturnal journey of Mhammad
Ml;lammad
AL
or AL GHURUB,
GHURuB, and and ALAL ÌSHA.
'ISHk · (SAAS)
(SAAS) toto AL QUDS (Jerusalem
(Jerusalem
i.
i. The Islamic reckoning of
Islamic reckoning of the
the months
months is is not merely
merely a piece
piece of
of and return to
to Makkah
Makkah
arithmetic,
arithmetic, but
butfollows
follows the course of nature in the movement of the moon.
Hence, the
the lunar
lunar months
months mustmust be called by their Arabic names and their
~ 6,,.....1 USWAH ~e good, normative
the example of
normative example
progress observed as the source of dating. dating. The names are proper names HASANAH
J:IASANAH the Prophet (SAAS) which
Prophet (SAAS) which is
which should
should never
never bebe translated.
translated.
constitutive
constitutive of the sunnah
sunnah
j. The Islamic
Islamic reckoning
reckoning of the the years
years should
should follows
follows our
our Hijrah
Hijrah
calendar.
calendar. If thethe Gregorian
Gregorian date date isis sometimes
sometimes necessary,
necessary, it should
should be
followed
followed byby A.C.
A.C. (i.e., after Christ), and not A.D. (Anno (Anno Dominus
Dominus — - tllt ALLAH
4.10 ALLAH the name of maje~ty
of the divine majesty
the year of the Lord
Lord Jesus
Jesus Christ),
Christ), because
because thethe latter
latter would
would involve
involve the
user in shirk. C.E. (Common
(Common Era) Era) isis also
also unsuitable
unsuitable for for the
the Muslim
Muslim r+1J1
.1i1 ALLAHUMMA
ALLAHUMMA invocational form of ALLAH,
the invocational
author
author since it implies the accepted universality of a calendar calendar other than used in worship
worship and
and pray.er
prayer
his own.
t..1 UMMAH the community
community as identified
identified by its
ideology, law, religion, and group
consciousness, ethic and mores,
mores,
culture and art
~Lo! IMAM community

community leader
leader in religious as
well as in
in lay
laymatters
matters
u~! IMAN
61.A,sl or certainty,
the conviction, or certainty, that
ALLAH
ALLAH is is indeed the one and
only God and that Mul}ammad
Muhammad is
His last prophet
prophet
u.-_;..MU'MIN
64. MU'MIN (pl. MU'MINIIN)
MU'MINUN) the
the male
male who
'I possesses IMAN
I I
22 23
•
Considering that every
every branch
branch of of knowledge
knowledge should
should be Islamized
Islamized so as to 2. List of
ofIslamic
Islamic Words/concepts
Words/concepts
mirror a consciousness determined by by the principles and values of Islam,
there is aa crying
crying need
need forfor Islamic
Islamic shcolarship
shcolarship to to establish
establish those
those key
key ~1 AJAL the time appointed by ALLAH
ALLAH
concepts, categories, technical
technical vocabularies
vocabularies expressing Islam as it relates (S'VVT)
(SWf) forforany
anyevent
event
I' to every
every mental,
mental, ethical
ethical or oresthetic
estheticactivity.
activity. Islam's
Islam's comprehensive
comprehensive
guidance
guidance forfor the
the physical,
physical, economic,
economic, social,
social, political,
political, and
and spiritual
·spiritual 6_,i..~I
7,.., 0 I AL
ALAKHIRAH
AKHIRAH eternal consummation
judgment; eternal
spheres
spheres of life
life requires
requires suchsuch carefully
carefully established
established listslists as
as tools
tools of its of judgment
judgment in Paradise or Hell
relevance. Fulfilling this
relevance. Fulfilling this requirement
requirement isis an an integral
integral part
part of the general
program of of the
the Islamization
Islamization of knowledge-the task par excellence
ofknowledge—the excellence of
the fifteenth century
century of of the
the Hijrah.
Hijrah. t1 AKH (pl. IKHW
IKHWAH,AH, IKHWAN)
h. brother
brother in faith
h. The reckoning of of time isis an extrememly
extrememly important
important aspect of of human
consciousness.
consciousness. TheTheIslamic
Islamicday punctuated by
day isis punctuated times of~
by times of salah which also
identify the portions of time separating them. These have no equivalent i:,l.'.11 ADHAN
6151 ADHAN call to the
the supreme act of worship
worship
in English and must
English and must be be used
used inin their
their Arabic
Arabic form.
form. They
They are:
are: AL
AL FAJR,
FAJR,
AL DUH.A,
DUHA, AL AL ZUHR
ZUHR or or AL
AL 4AHTRAH,
ZAHIRAH, AL AL ÀSR,
'ASR, AL MAGHRIB 0-.1..1"'~1
I I AL ISRA'
ALISRA' noncturnal
noncturnal journey of Mhammad
Ml;lammad
AL
or AL GHURUB,
GHURuB, and and ALAL ÌSHA.
'ISHk · (SAAS)
(SAAS) toto AL QUDS (Jerusalem
(Jerusalem
i.
i. The Islamic reckoning of
Islamic reckoning of the
the months
months is is not merely
merely a piece
piece of
of and return to
to Makkah
Makkah
arithmetic,
arithmetic, but
butfollows
follows the course of nature in the movement of the moon.
Hence, the
the lunar
lunar months
months mustmust be called by their Arabic names and their
~ 6,,.....1 USWAH ~e good, normative
the example of
normative example
progress observed as the source of dating. dating. The names are proper names HASANAH
J:IASANAH the Prophet (SAAS) which
Prophet (SAAS) which is
which should
should never
never bebe translated.
translated.
constitutive
constitutive of the sunnah
sunnah
j. The Islamic
Islamic reckoning
reckoning of the the years
years should
should follows
follows our
our Hijrah
Hijrah
calendar.
calendar. If thethe Gregorian
Gregorian date date isis sometimes
sometimes necessary,
necessary, it should
should be
followed
followed byby A.C.
A.C. (i.e., after Christ), and not A.D. (Anno (Anno Dominus
Dominus — - tllt ALLAH
4.10 ALLAH the name of maje~ty
of the divine majesty
the year of the Lord
Lord Jesus
Jesus Christ),
Christ), because
because thethe latter
latter would
would involve
involve the
user in shirk. C.E. (Common
(Common Era) Era) isis also
also unsuitable
unsuitable for for the
the Muslim
Muslim r+1J1
.1i1 ALLAHUMMA
ALLAHUMMA invocational form of ALLAH,
the invocational
author
author since it implies the accepted universality of a calendar calendar other than used in worship
worship and
and pray.er
prayer
his own.
t..1 UMMAH the community
community as identified
identified by its
ideology, law, religion, and group
consciousness, ethic and mores,
mores,
culture and art
~Lo! IMAM community

community leader
leader in religious as
well as in
in lay
laymatters
matters
u~! IMAN
61.A,sl or certainty,
the conviction, or certainty, that
ALLAH
ALLAH is is indeed the one and
only God and that Mul}ammad
Muhammad is
His last prophet
prophet
u.-_;..MU'MIN
64. MU'MIN (pl. MU'MINIIN)
MU'MINUN) the
the male
male who
'I possesses IMAN
I I
22 23
•
~,;.. MU'MINAH (pl. MU'MIN~T)_!he
MU'MINAT) the female
Mu~ammad (~AAS),
Muhammad (AAS), Messenger
Messenger
who possesses IMAN
of glad tidings
1,31 AWWAB
"="lj1 AWWAB (pl. A
AWWABUN)
WWABUN) the Muslim
who repents
repents to ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) ~I AL
.6....a41 ALBA~IR
BASIR a divine name,
name, He Who sees
after any misdemeanor everything
Jj'il
LIP I AL AWWAL
ALAWWAL the First, a divine name Jb4
LAI BATIL
BA'flL opposite
opposite of klAQQ,
of l;IA QQ, the
the false
false in .
theoretical sense,
the theoretical sense, and
and the
the evil
or wrong in the
the practical
practical
J,1
J;1 AWWALA (v.n. TA'WIL) to interpret the
tointerpretthe
(e.g., dreams or
unknowable (e.g.,
esoteric
esoteric meanings of a text)
text) ~~I AL SATIN
ALBATIN a divine name,
name, He Who is hidden
hidden
phenomena; opp. of
behind all phenomena;
AL ZAHIR
ALiAHIR
~j AYAH (pl. AYAT)
AYAT) aa verse from
from al •
Qur'an al
Qur'an al Karim;
Karim; a phenomenon
~I ALBA'TH
...tai.‘11 AL BA`TH resurrection
resurrection to
to face judgment
judgment by
pointing to the Creator
pointing ALLAH
ALLAH(SWT)(SWT)
~ TABATTALA
TABATT ALA (n. TABTIL)topursuealifeof
TABTIL) to pursue a life of
~I
tri.11 AL BAGHY
ALBAGHY or evil
false or evilendeavour,
endeavour, oneone
total purity and devotion to
ALLAH (SWT)
ALLAH(SWT) vitiated by false/evil
vitiated false/evil intention
intention
and/or consequence
"<S.l~I
(5.1141 AL BADI'
ALB.ADI' (also AL MUBDI')
MUBDI') a divine
-w1 AL
val.41 ALBA.QI
BAQ1 a divine name, He Who is
name,
name, the
the Beginner
Beginner of
of all things ~· eternally
eternally existent,
existent, Who
Who survives
after all has passed
passed away
"($.)~' AL BARI'
ocsj1...11 BARI' a divine name,
name, the Creator
Creator of
of all
things
t. )LJI
LY.A . AL BALAGH
ALBALAGH a name
name for AL QUR'AN
QURJ\N AL
KARIM,
KARiM, that
that which has
has reached
reached
~I
:*11 AL BIRR a collective noun designating all humans from ALLAH (SWT)
humans from
conduct approved byby ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWT)
~I AL BAYT
ALBAYT a name
name of
of the
the Kalnah,
Ka'bah, the first
first
, house built by Ibrahim and his
lbnihim and
~.;.:U TABARRAJA (v.n. TABARRUJ)toexpose
TABARRUJ) to expose son IsmaT
lsmi'il (AS) devotion
devotion to
oneself, one's beauty or one's
one's
property
property in vanity ALLAH (SWT)
~I Ji
JI AL AL BAYT the members of the household of
.!l,;4
JAL BARAKA
BARAKA to infuse with the grace and (~AAS)
the Prophet (SAAS)
approval of ALLAH (SWT)
~ BAYÀH
BAY'AH the nomination of the
4)1-..4 MUBARAK
d.;4-o past participle of
of BARAKA
BARAKA ICHALTFAH
KHALTFAH by by the
the leaders
leaders of
UMMAH, or
the UMMAH, or the seconding
of that nomination by the
~ BASHIR a name of the
the Prophet
Prophet
members of the UMMAH at
24
25
~,;.. MU'MINAH (pl. MU'MIN~T)_!he
MU'MINAT) the female
Mu~ammad (~AAS),
Muhammad (AAS), Messenger
Messenger
who possesses IMAN
of glad tidings
1,31 AWWAB
"="lj1 AWWAB (pl. A
AWWABUN)
WWABUN) the Muslim
who repents
repents to ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) ~I AL
.6....a41 ALBA~IR
BASIR a divine name,
name, He Who sees
after any misdemeanor everything
Jj'il
LIP I AL AWWAL
ALAWWAL the First, a divine name Jb4
LAI BATIL
BA'flL opposite
opposite of klAQQ,
of l;IA QQ, the
the false
false in .
theoretical sense,
the theoretical sense, and
and the
the evil
or wrong in the
the practical
practical
J,1
J;1 AWWALA (v.n. TA'WIL) to interpret the
tointerpretthe
(e.g., dreams or
unknowable (e.g.,
esoteric
esoteric meanings of a text)
text) ~~I AL SATIN
ALBATIN a divine name,
name, He Who is hidden
hidden
phenomena; opp. of
behind all phenomena;
AL ZAHIR
ALiAHIR
~j AYAH (pl. AYAT)
AYAT) aa verse from
from al •
Qur'an al
Qur'an al Karim;
Karim; a phenomenon
~I ALBA'TH
...tai.‘11 AL BA`TH resurrection
resurrection to
to face judgment
judgment by
pointing to the Creator
pointing ALLAH
ALLAH(SWT)(SWT)
~ TABATTALA
TABATT ALA (n. TABTIL)topursuealifeof
TABTIL) to pursue a life of
~I
tri.11 AL BAGHY
ALBAGHY or evil
false or evilendeavour,
endeavour, oneone
total purity and devotion to
ALLAH (SWT)
ALLAH(SWT) vitiated by false/evil
vitiated false/evil intention
intention
and/or consequence
"<S.l~I
(5.1141 AL BADI'
ALB.ADI' (also AL MUBDI')
MUBDI') a divine
-w1 AL
val.41 ALBA.QI
BAQ1 a divine name, He Who is
name,
name, the
the Beginner
Beginner of
of all things ~· eternally
eternally existent,
existent, Who
Who survives
after all has passed
passed away
"($.)~' AL BARI'
ocsj1...11 BARI' a divine name,
name, the Creator
Creator of
of all
things
t. )LJI
LY.A . AL BALAGH
ALBALAGH a name
name for AL QUR'AN
QURJ\N AL
KARIM,
KARiM, that
that which has
has reached
reached
~I
:*11 AL BIRR a collective noun designating all humans from ALLAH (SWT)
humans from
conduct approved byby ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWT)
~I AL BAYT
ALBAYT a name
name of
of the
the Kalnah,
Ka'bah, the first
first
, house built by Ibrahim and his
lbnihim and
~.;.:U TABARRAJA (v.n. TABARRUJ)toexpose
TABARRUJ) to expose son IsmaT
lsmi'il (AS) devotion
devotion to
oneself, one's beauty or one's
one's
property
property in vanity ALLAH (SWT)
~I Ji
JI AL AL BAYT the members of the household of
.!l,;4
JAL BARAKA
BARAKA to infuse with the grace and (~AAS)
the Prophet (SAAS)
approval of ALLAH (SWT)
~ BAYÀH
BAY'AH the nomination of the
4)1-..4 MUBARAK
d.;4-o past participle of
of BARAKA
BARAKA ICHALTFAH
KHALTFAH by by the
the leaders
leaders of
UMMAH, or
the UMMAH, or the seconding
of that nomination by the
~ BASHIR a name of the
the Prophet
Prophet
members of the UMMAH at
24
25
large;
large; the
the covenant the first
covenant the first
Muslims
Muslims ofof Madrnah
Madinah entered
entered into
into ..
j~I ALJABBAR
411 AL
.) JABBAR aa divine
divine name,
almighty
name, He
He Who
Who is
is
with
with the Prophet(~AAS),
the Prophet giving
(SAAS), giving almighty and
and Whose
Whose might
might does
does
him indeed
indeed determine
determine everything
him their
theirobedience,
obedience, allegiance,
allegiance, everything
protection
protection
~~ JIBRIL
JIB RIL the
the angel
angel entrusted
entrusted with
with
• L...JI ALBA YAN aa name
name ofof AL Q~N AL
AL QUR'AN AL conveying
conveying the
the revelation
revelation to
to the
the
I.) -I*11
,:j AL BAYAN
Prophet (~AAS)
•
KARIM, thatwhich
which is
is clear
clear and Prophet (SAAS)
KARIM, that and
makes
makes other
other things
things clear;
clear;
literary
literary eloquence
eloquence ~~ JAZA
J AZA (v.n. JAZA')togiveeac
(v.n. JAZA') to give each hperson
person
his due.
his due on
on the
the Day
Day ofof Judgment,
Judgment,
~I reward
reward for
for the
the life
life of
of virtue,
virtue, or
AL BAYYINAH (pl.(pl.
ALBAYYINAH BAYYINAT)a aname
BAYYINAT) nameforfor
punishment
or
every verse of AL OUR' AN punishment forfor the
the life
life of
of sin
sin
every verse of AL QUR'AN AL AL
KARIM and,
KARIM and, in
in the
the plural
plural.form,
form,
for
for all
all its
its verses;
verses; the
the clear
clear proof
proof ~· the
which vY
~ JIZYAH
JIZYAH the poll
poll tax
tax payable
payable by by
:1 which establishes truth from
establishes truth from non-Muslim
non-Muslim lay, lay, male,
male, adult
adult
falsehood citizens
falsehood citizens of
of the
the Islamic
Islamic state
state who
who
are
are capable
capable ofof paying
paying it. Its rate
it. Its rate
~ lilt ALTABI'
AL TAB!' (pl.
(pl. AL
AL TABI'UN) literally, the
TABI`tiN) literally, the
may
may vary
place
vary from
from year
year to to year,
year, or
or
follower;
follower; aa member
member of
of the
the first
first place to
to place. It is
place. It is aa substitute
substitute
generation for
for the
the ZAKAH which is
generation ofof Muslims
Muslims toto follow
follow ZAKAH which
obligatory
is
the contemporaries for all
obligatory for all Muslims
the contemporaries of
of the
the Muslims
Prophet (~AAS)
Prophet (SAAS)
~I
.1.1..... ALJUMU'AH
?J1 AL JUMUÀH the
the supreme Islamic act
supreme Islamic act of
of
~ TALA (v.n. TILAWAH)
TILAWAH)tore citeAL worship
worship performed
performed by
by the
the
TALA (v.n. to recite AL Muslim
QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL AL KARIM
KARIM Muslim congregation
congregation every
every
Friday
Friday noon;
noon; the
the day
day (Niday)
(Friday) on
on
which
which such
such worship
worship takes
takes place
place
...,t:; TABA (v.n. TAWBAH)torep entto
TABA (v.n. TAWBAH) to repent to
ALLAH (SWT) for
ALLAH (SWT) for one's sins
one's sins
and
and to
to commit
commit oneself
oneself never
never to
to ;~~' ALJANABAH
1 611-11 AL JANABAH any
any act
act which
which breaks
breaks the
the ritual
ritual
repeat purity of the Muslim;
purity of the Muslim; the
the state
state of
repeat them
them such
of
such impurity
impurity
.,13111 ALTAWWAB
":'lj:all AL TAWWAB aa divine
divine name,
accepts
name, He
the
He Who
Who always
repentence
always .
~ JINN
JINN invisible, norr-human creatures
invisible, non-human creatures
accepts the repentence of
of His
His created
creatures
creatures created by
by God
God to
to serve
serve Him
Him
ir'·UJ.1
l.11.1 ALMATHANI
AL MATHANT the
the oft-repeated verses of
oft-repeated verses of al
al 4 JANNAH
'74 JANNAH the
the Garden, paradise; the
Garden, paradise; the ete,rnal
eternal
Qur'an abode of the meritorious
abode of the meritorious humans
Qur'an alal Kanm,
Karim, namely,
namely, those
those who
humans
which
which compose the first
compose the suroh,
first surah, who have
have been
been granted
granted the
the
ALFATil:IAH reward of
reward of ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)
(SWT) on on the
the
AL FATIHAH
Day
Day of
of Judgment
Judgment
":''~ THAWAB
THAWAB the
the reward
reward granted
(SWT) on
granted by
the Day
byALLAH
ALLAH
ofJudgment ..I~ JIHAD
JIHAD self-exertion in the
self-exertion in the cause
cause of
of
(SWT) on the Day of Judgment ALLAH (SWT) including
ALLAH (SWT) including ~
S. \
26
26 27
27
I 1
•
large;
large; the
the covenant the first
covenant the first
Muslims
Muslims ofof Madrnah
Madinah entered
entered into
into ..
j~I ALJABBAR
411 AL
.) JABBAR aa divine
divine name,
almighty
name, He
He Who
Who is
is
with
with the Prophet(~AAS),
the Prophet giving
(SAAS), giving almighty and
and Whose
Whose might
might does
does
him indeed
indeed determine
determine everything
him their
theirobedience,
obedience, allegiance,
allegiance, everything
protection
protection
~~ JIBRIL
JIB RIL the
the angel
angel entrusted
entrusted with
with
• L...JI ALBA YAN aa name
name ofof AL Q~N AL
AL QUR'AN AL conveying
conveying the
the revelation
revelation to
to the
the
I.) -I*11
,:j AL BAYAN
Prophet (~AAS)
•
KARIM, thatwhich
which is
is clear
clear and Prophet (SAAS)
KARIM, that and
makes
makes other
other things
things clear;
clear;
literary
literary eloquence
eloquence ~~ JAZA
J AZA (v.n. JAZA')togiveeac
(v.n. JAZA') to give each hperson
person
his due.
his due on
on the
the Day
Day ofof Judgment,
Judgment,
~I reward
reward for
for the
the life
life of
of virtue,
virtue, or
AL BAYYINAH (pl.(pl.
ALBAYYINAH BAYYINAT)a aname
BAYYINAT) nameforfor
punishment
or
every verse of AL OUR' AN punishment forfor the
the life
life of
of sin
sin
every verse of AL QUR'AN AL AL
KARIM and,
KARIM and, in
in the
the plural
plural.form,
form,
for
for all
all its
its verses;
verses; the
the clear
clear proof
proof ~· the
which vY
~ JIZYAH
JIZYAH the poll
poll tax
tax payable
payable by by
:1 which establishes truth from
establishes truth from non-Muslim
non-Muslim lay, lay, male,
male, adult
adult
falsehood citizens
falsehood citizens of
of the
the Islamic
Islamic state
state who
who
are
are capable
capable ofof paying
paying it. Its rate
it. Its rate
~ lilt ALTABI'
AL TAB!' (pl.
(pl. AL
AL TABI'UN) literally, the
TABI`tiN) literally, the
may
may vary
place
vary from
from year
year to to year,
year, or
or
follower;
follower; aa member
member of
of the
the first
first place to
to place. It is
place. It is aa substitute
substitute
generation for
for the
the ZAKAH which is
generation ofof Muslims
Muslims toto follow
follow ZAKAH which
obligatory
is
the contemporaries for all
obligatory for all Muslims
the contemporaries of
of the
the Muslims
Prophet (~AAS)
Prophet (SAAS)
~I
.1.1..... ALJUMU'AH
?J1 AL JUMUÀH the
the supreme Islamic act
supreme Islamic act of
of
~ TALA (v.n. TILAWAH)
TILAWAH)tore citeAL worship
worship performed
performed by
by the
the
TALA (v.n. to recite AL Muslim
QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL AL KARIM
KARIM Muslim congregation
congregation every
every
Friday
Friday noon;
noon; the
the day
day (Niday)
(Friday) on
on
which
which such
such worship
worship takes
takes place
place
...,t:; TABA (v.n. TAWBAH)torep entto
TABA (v.n. TAWBAH) to repent to
ALLAH (SWT) for
ALLAH (SWT) for one's sins
one's sins
and
and to
to commit
commit oneself
oneself never
never to
to ;~~' ALJANABAH
1 611-11 AL JANABAH any
any act
act which
which breaks
breaks the
the ritual
ritual
repeat purity of the Muslim;
purity of the Muslim; the
the state
state of
repeat them
them such
of
such impurity
impurity
.,13111 ALTAWWAB
":'lj:all AL TAWWAB aa divine
divine name,
accepts
name, He
the
He Who
Who always
repentence
always .
~ JINN
JINN invisible, norr-human creatures
invisible, non-human creatures
accepts the repentence of
of His
His created
creatures
creatures created by
by God
God to
to serve
serve Him
Him
ir'·UJ.1
l.11.1 ALMATHANI
AL MATHANT the
the oft-repeated verses of
oft-repeated verses of al
al 4 JANNAH
'74 JANNAH the
the Garden, paradise; the
Garden, paradise; the ete,rnal
eternal
Qur'an abode of the meritorious
abode of the meritorious humans
Qur'an alal Kanm,
Karim, namely,
namely, those
those who
humans
which
which compose the first
compose the suroh,
first surah, who have
have been
been granted
granted the
the
ALFATil:IAH reward of
reward of ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)
(SWT) on on the
the
AL FATIHAH
Day
Day of
of Judgment
Judgment
":''~ THAWAB
THAWAB the
the reward
reward granted
(SWT) on
granted by
the Day
byALLAH
ALLAH
ofJudgment ..I~ JIHAD
JIHAD self-exertion in the
self-exertion in the cause
cause of
of
(SWT) on the Day of Judgment ALLAH (SWT) including
ALLAH (SWT) including ~
S. \
26
26 27
27
I 1
•
peaceful
peaceful as well as violent
violent means ..... L.....-Jl AL HISAB
ALl;IISAB the Final Judgment rendered by
ALLAH
ALLAH(SWT)(SWf) in in which every
.aL:--a MUJAHID (pl. MUJAH!DUN) those who
MUJAHIDUN) those human action will be be reckoned
reckoned
practice JIHAD
JIHAD for its merit or demerit
demerit
~4JI
4.s.1A1N.11 AL JAHILIYYAH
ALJAHILIYY theorder
AH the orderor
orregime
regime in
in which the ............-JI ALl;IASIB
AL klASIB name,, He Who reckons
a divine name
of ALLAH
law of ALLAH (SWT)
(SWf) is not in men's deeds
deeds and renders
force; pre~Islamic
pre-Islamic Arabia judgment on them
~ JAHANNAM eternal fire which is the

the eternal
ultimate recompense
recompense of of the life of
of
.
'-'·t....-1 IHSAN
Il;fSAN the perfect fulfillment of the
commandments of of ALLAH
ALLAH
disobedience and sin
disobedience and (SWf); the state of
(SWT); of the person
whose deeds achieve such
fulfillment
~'I AL MUJII3
ALMUJfB a divine name,
name, He Who responds
favorably to prayer
~I ALl;IASAN
AL klASAN that which accords with the will
of
of ALLAH (SWf) and
ALLAH (SWT) and is
'":"4-- HIJAB
l;llJAB the covering of
of a Muslim
Muslim woman;
the Islamic style of
woman;
of dress for
equivalent to the good, right and
good, right
beautiful
women
~1 AL l;IASANAH
I:IASANAH l;f~SANAT) aa deed done
(pl. AL klASANAT)
~
- IJAJJ
l;IAJJ the fifth pillar of
ofNIYYAH,IHRAM,
of Islam,
Islam, consisting
of NIYYAH, IHRAM, TAWAF
consisting IHSAN, meritorious of the
with Il;ISAN,
pleasure of
of ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf);
(SWT);
WUQOF, ADl;ifY
WUQUF, ADF.INAH, AH,and
and RAJM equivalent to the deed of
-acts performed at
—acts performed at Makkah al righteousness
Mukarramah on the ninth and
of Dhii al l;iijjah,
tenth days ofDhu Hijjah, the
last month ofof the lunar year ~I AL I-JUSNA
ALl;fUSNA the positive reward
rewardof ofALLAH
ALLAH
(SWf)
(SWT) for virtue and
-- HUJJAH
~ . proof of the work,
conclusive proof
revelation or purpose
purposeof
work,
ofALLAH
ALLAH
righteousness.
(ALl;IUSNA
(AL HUSNAYAYN),
In the
righteousness. In the dual form
YAYN),the the term
term
means ALLAH's
ALLAH's rewards on
(SWf)
(SWT) earth and in heaven
heaven
ZA
.
~..i.:a. FHAD
.IADITH
ITH (pl. Al;IADITH)
AVADITH) the the verbalized
verbalized _,,!.:.JI AL
ALHASHR
tIASHR resurrection and bringing
form of
of a tradition of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet together of all humans to receive
together of receive
Mu~ammad (~AAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) constitutive judgment
ofhisSUNNAH
of his SUNNAH
o.--1 Al;l~ANA (and deriv~tives
derivatives MUl:l~IN,
MUHSIN, pl.
("_,.:. HARAM
l;IARAM that which
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf)
(SWT) has MUHSINUN; MUHSANAH,
explicitly forbidden humans to do pl. MUl;l~ANAT)
MUI-JMNAT) to keep one's
and for which.He
which. Hespecified
specified a purity from
from the
the pollution
pollution of
penalty illegitimate sexual contact
IL
~
28 29
peaceful
peaceful as well as violent
violent means ..... L.....-Jl AL HISAB
ALl;IISAB the Final Judgment rendered by
ALLAH
ALLAH(SWT)(SWf) in in which every
.aL:--a MUJAHID (pl. MUJAH!DUN) those who
MUJAHIDUN) those human action will be be reckoned
reckoned
practice JIHAD
JIHAD for its merit or demerit
demerit
~4JI
4.s.1A1N.11 AL JAHILIYYAH
ALJAHILIYY theorder
AH the orderor
orregime
regime in
in which the ............-JI ALl;IASIB
AL klASIB name,, He Who reckons
a divine name
of ALLAH
law of ALLAH (SWT)
(SWf) is not in men's deeds
deeds and renders
force; pre~Islamic
pre-Islamic Arabia judgment on them
~ JAHANNAM eternal fire which is the

the eternal
ultimate recompense
recompense of of the life of
of
.
'-'·t....-1 IHSAN
Il;fSAN the perfect fulfillment of the
commandments of of ALLAH
ALLAH
disobedience and sin
disobedience and (SWf); the state of
(SWT); of the person
whose deeds achieve such
fulfillment
~'I AL MUJII3
ALMUJfB a divine name,
name, He Who responds
favorably to prayer
~I ALl;IASAN
AL klASAN that which accords with the will
of
of ALLAH (SWf) and
ALLAH (SWT) and is
'":"4-- HIJAB
l;llJAB the covering of
of a Muslim
Muslim woman;
the Islamic style of
woman;
of dress for
equivalent to the good, right and
good, right
beautiful
women
~1 AL l;IASANAH
I:IASANAH l;f~SANAT) aa deed done
(pl. AL klASANAT)
~
- IJAJJ
l;IAJJ the fifth pillar of
ofNIYYAH,IHRAM,
of Islam,
Islam, consisting
of NIYYAH, IHRAM, TAWAF
consisting IHSAN, meritorious of the
with Il;ISAN,
pleasure of
of ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf);
(SWT);
WUQOF, ADl;ifY
WUQUF, ADF.INAH, AH,and
and RAJM equivalent to the deed of
-acts performed at
—acts performed at Makkah al righteousness
Mukarramah on the ninth and
of Dhii al l;iijjah,
tenth days ofDhu Hijjah, the
last month ofof the lunar year ~I AL I-JUSNA
ALl;fUSNA the positive reward
rewardof ofALLAH
ALLAH
(SWf)
(SWT) for virtue and
-- HUJJAH
~ . proof of the work,
conclusive proof
revelation or purpose
purposeof
work,
ofALLAH
ALLAH
righteousness.
(ALl;IUSNA
(AL HUSNAYAYN),
In the
righteousness. In the dual form
YAYN),the the term
term
means ALLAH's
ALLAH's rewards on
(SWf)
(SWT) earth and in heaven
heaven
ZA
.
~..i.:a. FHAD
.IADITH
ITH (pl. Al;IADITH)
AVADITH) the the verbalized
verbalized _,,!.:.JI AL
ALHASHR
tIASHR resurrection and bringing
form of
of a tradition of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet together of all humans to receive
together of receive
Mu~ammad (~AAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) constitutive judgment
ofhisSUNNAH
of his SUNNAH
o.--1 Al;l~ANA (and deriv~tives
derivatives MUl:l~IN,
MUHSIN, pl.
("_,.:. HARAM
l;IARAM that which
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf)
(SWT) has MUHSINUN; MUHSANAH,
explicitly forbidden humans to do pl. MUl;l~ANAT)
MUI-JMNAT) to keep one's
and for which.He
which. Hespecified
specified a purity from
from the
the pollution
pollution of
penalty illegitimate sexual contact
IL
~
28 29
liaL,..11 AL I:IAFIZ a divine name, the Keeper of all
things; without the demonstrative, AL HAYY, AL divine names, the Living, He
anyone who has memorized AL MUFIYT Who causes to live
QUR'AN AL KARIM
11 AL KHABITH that which does not accord with
14iz.JI AL 1-IAFI?, a divine name, He Who the will of ALLAH (SWT) and is
keeps constantly and eternally equivalent with the bad, wrong
and evil.
c...i_N.J1 AL 1-IAQQ • a divine name, the ultimately
True, the ultimately Righteous, " t.J1 AL KHABITHAH (pl. AL KHABA'ITH) the deed
4.A.
the ultimately Real; the quality of or thing qualified as
the ultimate truth, righteousness AL ICHABTTH
and reality
j.h.L11 AL KHABTR a divine name, the All-Knowing

HIKMAH wisdom based on revelation of
the will of ALLAH (SWT)
KHAZA (v.n. KHIZY) to cause shame
and sorrow to befall the person
1%.4.=.11 AL VAKIM a divine name, He Whose words who violates the commandments
and deeds constitute HIKMAH of ALLAH in this world and the
next
HALAL that which ALLAH (SWT) has
made legitimate oesN.;:a.1 IKHLAS the state of sincerity, conviction,
loyalty to ALLAH (SWT) and
HAMADA to praise ALLAH (SWT) and commitment to His will
thank Him for all His deeds
MUKHLIS (p1. MUKHLIWN) active
.1.,J1 AL HAMD verbal noun of IJAMADA participle and adj. from IKHLAS
ALHAMID a divine name, He Who is worthy KHALIFAH (p1. KHULAFA', KHALA'IF)

of being the object of AL HAMD vicegerent of ALLAH (SWT) in
space-time
AHMAD, names of the Prophet (AAS),
MAHMUD the praiseworthy, or praised Z.1)1.&. KHILAFAH the institution of man as
one (resp.), for his virtue and vicegerent of ALLAH (SWT);
righteousness the institution of government as
continuation of the worldly
government of the Prophet
HANTF a Muslim before the revelationof Muhammad (SAAS)
AL QUR'AN AL KARIM; a
righteous monotheist carrying
out the message of the prophets ali.:IJI AL KHALIQ a divine name, the Creator
before Muhammad (SAAS)
*1. KHAYR the good, or that which counts as
such with ALLAH (SWT)
31
liaL,..11 AL I:IAFIZ a divine name, the Keeper of all
things; without the demonstrative, AL HAYY, AL divine names, the Living, He
anyone who has memorized AL MUFIYT Who causes to live
QUR'AN AL KARIM
11 AL KHABITH that which does not accord with
14iz.JI AL 1-IAFI?, a divine name, He Who the will of ALLAH (SWT) and is
keeps constantly and eternally equivalent with the bad, wrong
and evil.
c...i_N.J1 AL 1-IAQQ • a divine name, the ultimately
True, the ultimately Righteous, " t.J1 AL KHABITHAH (pl. AL KHABA'ITH) the deed
4.A.
the ultimately Real; the quality of or thing qualified as
the ultimate truth, righteousness AL ICHABTTH
and reality
j.h.L11 AL KHABTR a divine name, the All-Knowing

HIKMAH wisdom based on revelation of
the will of ALLAH (SWT)
KHAZA (v.n. KHIZY) to cause shame
and sorrow to befall the person
1%.4.=.11 AL VAKIM a divine name, He Whose words who violates the commandments
and deeds constitute HIKMAH of ALLAH in this world and the
next
HALAL that which ALLAH (SWT) has
made legitimate oesN.;:a.1 IKHLAS the state of sincerity, conviction,
loyalty to ALLAH (SWT) and
HAMADA to praise ALLAH (SWT) and commitment to His will
thank Him for all His deeds
MUKHLIS (p1. MUKHLIWN) active
.1.,J1 AL HAMD verbal noun of IJAMADA participle and adj. from IKHLAS
ALHAMID a divine name, He Who is worthy KHALIFAH (p1. KHULAFA', KHALA'IF)

of being the object of AL HAMD vicegerent of ALLAH (SWT) in
space-time
AHMAD, names of the Prophet (AAS),
MAHMUD the praiseworthy, or praised Z.1)1.&. KHILAFAH the institution of man as
one (resp.), for his virtue and vicegerent of ALLAH (SWT);
righteousness the institution of government as
continuation of the worldly
government of the Prophet
HANTF a Muslim before the revelationof Muhammad (SAAS)
AL QUR'AN AL KARIM; a
righteous monotheist carrying
out the message of the prophets ali.:IJI AL KHALIQ a divine name, the Creator
before Muhammad (SAAS)
*1. KHAYR the good, or that which counts as
such with ALLAH (SWT)
31
.).J.A MUDDATHTHIR a name of the
the Prophet
Prophet
commodity
commodity borrowed
borrowed or used
Mu~ammad (~AAS),
Muhammad (SAAS), "the one
covered with his
covered his mantle,"
mantle," as
ALLAH called him in AL
ALLAH called ~J
Ql.&) RIJS deed or thing prohibited by
evil deed
OUR'
QUR'ANANALALKARIM(74:1)
KARTM (74:1) ALLAH(SWf)
ALLAH (SWT)
•l.c..l DIJ'A'
DU'A' any invocation or prayer i:,.-.)1 AL RAHMAN
RAlfMAN divine name, the Merciful
a divine
addressed to ALLAH (SWT)
~.)I AL RAHTM
ALRAl}IM a divine name,
name, the always
~~I ALDUNYA
L.1,111 AL DUNYA the lower values of this world,
world, Merciful
when compared to the other
other
dedicated to the
world; life dedicated
pursuit of
pursuit of such values ~:, RAkIIMA
RAl}IMA (and its derivatives)
derivatives) to consider
consider
sympathetically and
or act sympathetically
mercifully
~~I
ze.:111 AL DIN
ALDIN normative or perfect religion
the normative
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) ordained
ordained
V.4) RIDDAH abjuration of allegiance
allegiance to
for humanity, including faith,
faith,
ethics, law, devotions,
devotions, ALLAH (SWT)as
ALLAH (SWT) as well
well as to the
institutions and judgment Islamic state of
of which one
one is a
citizen
fi~
JS.:) DHIKR
DHIKR ALLAH
the remembrance of ALLAH
(SWT), or
(SWT), or His presence in the
J.)J RIZQ
di) RIZO What ALLAH (SWT) grants
ALLAH (SWT)
consciousness of mankind
mankind man from His material bounty
bounty
J.)1.)1
1).11 ALRAZIO
AL RAZIQ a divine name, He Who grants
~~ DHIMMr
DHIMMI (pl. DHIMMIYYUN),
RIZQ
RIZO
covenanter,or
covenanter, or he who covenants
state to make
with the Islamic state make
peace with itit under
under the
the guarantee
guarantee ~L.....)I
ilL...j.11 AL
AL RISALAH the commissioning by byALLAH
ALLAH
of ALLAH
ALLAH Himself (SWT); (SWT) of
(SWT) of a human to convey and
generally, the non-Muslim and exemplify
exemplify His message; the
citizens of the Islamic state
state life lived in constant
constant
consciousness
consciousness of of that purpose
....;_,_;)I
4-61)11 AL ALRA'OF
RA'UF divine name,
name, the empathetically
empathetically
and in loyalty to it
a divine
Concerned
Concerned with
with the
the lot of human
beings J,.....,,.. , J,,....J RASUL,
RASUL, MURSAL
MURSAL nouns
nounsderived
derivedfrom
from the
the same
root, and denoting !!le
root, the person
a divine name
name,, loving Lord and
devoted to AL
AL RISALAH
RISALAH
'":"J RABB
commanding Master;
commanding Master; used in the
possessive form ofof RABBI
RABBI (my J>-.)1
,..6...4)11 AL
ALRASUL
RASUL of Mu~ammad
name of Muhammad(~AAS),
(SAAS),
Lord),, RABBANA
Lord) RABBANA (our Master) the Prophet
for invocational purposes
purposes
l,f'°J RAVIYA
RAJ?IYA to be pleased
~..> RIBA
Li.,) RIBA interest on the
interest on the value
value of
of money or
32 33
.).J.A MUDDATHTHIR a name of the
the Prophet
Prophet
commodity
commodity borrowed
borrowed or used
Mu~ammad (~AAS),
Muhammad (SAAS), "the one
covered with his
covered his mantle,"
mantle," as
ALLAH called him in AL
ALLAH called ~J
Ql.&) RIJS deed or thing prohibited by
evil deed
OUR'
QUR'ANANALALKARIM(74:1)
KARTM (74:1) ALLAH(SWf)
ALLAH (SWT)
•l.c..l DIJ'A'
DU'A' any invocation or prayer i:,.-.)1 AL RAHMAN
RAlfMAN divine name, the Merciful
a divine
addressed to ALLAH (SWT)
~.)I AL RAHTM
ALRAl}IM a divine name,
name, the always
~~I ALDUNYA
L.1,111 AL DUNYA the lower values of this world,
world, Merciful
when compared to the other
other
dedicated to the
world; life dedicated
pursuit of
pursuit of such values ~:, RAkIIMA
RAl}IMA (and its derivatives)
derivatives) to consider
consider
sympathetically and
or act sympathetically
mercifully
~~I
ze.:111 AL DIN
ALDIN normative or perfect religion
the normative
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) ordained
ordained
V.4) RIDDAH abjuration of allegiance
allegiance to
for humanity, including faith,
faith,
ethics, law, devotions,
devotions, ALLAH (SWT)as
ALLAH (SWT) as well
well as to the
institutions and judgment Islamic state of
of which one
one is a
citizen
fi~
JS.:) DHIKR
DHIKR ALLAH
the remembrance of ALLAH
(SWT), or
(SWT), or His presence in the
J.)J RIZQ
di) RIZO What ALLAH (SWT) grants
ALLAH (SWT)
consciousness of mankind
mankind man from His material bounty
bounty
J.)1.)1
1).11 ALRAZIO
AL RAZIQ a divine name, He Who grants
~~ DHIMMr
DHIMMI (pl. DHIMMIYYUN),
RIZQ
RIZO
covenanter,or
covenanter, or he who covenants
state to make
with the Islamic state make
peace with itit under
under the
the guarantee
guarantee ~L.....)I
ilL...j.11 AL
AL RISALAH the commissioning by byALLAH
ALLAH
of ALLAH
ALLAH Himself (SWT); (SWT) of
(SWT) of a human to convey and
generally, the non-Muslim and exemplify
exemplify His message; the
citizens of the Islamic state
state life lived in constant
constant
consciousness
consciousness of of that purpose
....;_,_;)I
4-61)11 AL ALRA'OF
RA'UF divine name,
name, the empathetically
empathetically
and in loyalty to it
a divine
Concerned
Concerned with
with the
the lot of human
beings J,.....,,.. , J,,....J RASUL,
RASUL, MURSAL
MURSAL nouns
nounsderived
derivedfrom
from the
the same
root, and denoting !!le
root, the person
a divine name
name,, loving Lord and
devoted to AL
AL RISALAH
RISALAH
'":"J RABB
commanding Master;
commanding Master; used in the
possessive form ofof RABBI
RABBI (my J>-.)1
,..6...4)11 AL
ALRASUL
RASUL of Mu~ammad
name of Muhammad(~AAS),
(SAAS),
Lord),, RABBANA
Lord) RABBANA (our Master) the Prophet
for invocational purposes
purposes
l,f'°J RAVIYA
RAJ?IYA to be pleased
~..> RIBA
Li.,) RIBA interest on the
interest on the value
value of
of money or
32 33
4;4)11 AL RIDA the pleasure of
ofALLAH
ALLAH -l")l...., SALAM ALLAH (SWT),
the peace of ALLAH
~.)I ALRIQA
His greeting and blessing
rf.J
k.)" RAKAÀ
RAKA'A kneel as required in Islamic
to kneel
worship l")L..JlI AL
ALSALAM
SALAM a divine name
name,, the Source of
peace and blessing
its; ZAKAH
•ISj the obligatory
obligatory sharing of wealth
wealth
the community
with the poor and the community ~ MUSLIM proper designation of the
the proper
at the yearly rate of2
of 2 1/2 per cent
cent person who adheres to Islam
wealth above
of appropriated wealth above aa
certain minimum
~1
c.?. ALSAMI'
. ..11 AL SAMP a divine name,
name, He Who hears
and responds to all
responds to all calls
J.,µ1 AL MUZZAMMIL a name of
of the Prophet
Prophet
Muhammad(~AAS),
Muhammad (AAS), "the
"the one ~ SUNNAH
SUNN AH pattern of
the pattern ALLAH (SWT) in
of ALLAH
enwrapped," asALLAH
as ALLAH (SWf)
(SWT) ordering creation
ordering creation or
or any part or
him in
called him inAL
ALQUR'
QUR'AN AL
AN AL aspect of it
aspect of
KARIM (73:1)
KARlM(73:1)
~
- SABARA to resist evil or
or tragedy
tragedy and
~J ZINA illegitimate
illegitimate practice of sex remain firm in in adherence
adherence to the
cause of Islam
oflslam
~..) ZlNAH
'41.15 ZINAH thing or act
act of
ofornamentation,
ornamentation,
beautification
beautification taken as source of J:'L- SABIR
SABIR ~AB I RUN) the
(pl. SABIRUN) the one
one who
enjoyment consistently resists evil or
consistently or tragedy
tragedy
and remains firm in commitment
commitment
,•
--
~
SABBAHA
SABBAJ:IA to praise ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)
thank Him for His
(SWf) and
His deeds
deeds
to Islam
J..1..4 SADAQA
~ADA QA and accept
to be convinced of and accept the
~6..:-- SUBJ:IANAHU
4.16÷0.40 SUBHANAHU invocative usually said whenever
invocative whenever veracity and supreme value of the
ALLAH is mentioned
ALLAH cause oflslam,
of Islam, and
and to
to remain
remain true
to it in practice
practice
~ SAJADA to prostrate oneself,

oneself, forehead,
forehead, •
knees
knees and palms touching the J..1..4 ~IDQ
SIDQ v.n.. of~ADAQA
v.n of SADAQA
floor, in worship of
of ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWT)
{SWf) ../...2J1 AL~IRAT
1.1~1
1.1 AL IRAT the straight path of righteousness
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) has
MASJID
MA SJID place where the
the act
actofSAJADA
of SAJADA revealed to the Prophet
Prophet
~
is performed,
performed, often rendered as Mu~ammad (SAAS)
Muhammad (~AAS) for the
"mosque" guidance of humanity, usually
the epithet
joined to t)!_e epithet AL
.. MUSTAQIM (" the straight-
("the
.,-... SAKHKHARA to make subservient to man forward
forward")")
~ TASKHIR v.n.
v .n. from SAKHKHARA
from SAK'.HKHARA ..:..Wl...-11 AL ~ALII;IAT
'L'31-1-...=.11 AL SALIHAT (pl. of ~ALII;IAH)
MLIIJAH) the
the good
35
34
4;4)11 AL RIDA the pleasure of
ofALLAH
ALLAH -l")l...., SALAM ALLAH (SWT),
the peace of ALLAH
~.)I ALRIQA
His greeting and blessing
rf.J
k.)" RAKAÀ
RAKA'A kneel as required in Islamic
to kneel
worship l")L..JlI AL
ALSALAM
SALAM a divine name
name,, the Source of
peace and blessing
its; ZAKAH
•ISj the obligatory
obligatory sharing of wealth
wealth
the community
with the poor and the community ~ MUSLIM proper designation of the
the proper
at the yearly rate of2
of 2 1/2 per cent
cent person who adheres to Islam
wealth above
of appropriated wealth above aa
certain minimum
~1
c.?. ALSAMI'
. ..11 AL SAMP a divine name,
name, He Who hears
and responds to all
responds to all calls
J.,µ1 AL MUZZAMMIL a name of
of the Prophet
Prophet
Muhammad(~AAS),
Muhammad (AAS), "the
"the one ~ SUNNAH
SUNN AH pattern of
the pattern ALLAH (SWT) in
of ALLAH
enwrapped," asALLAH
as ALLAH (SWf)
(SWT) ordering creation
ordering creation or
or any part or
him in
called him inAL
ALQUR'
QUR'AN AL
AN AL aspect of it
aspect of
KARIM (73:1)
KARlM(73:1)
~
- SABARA to resist evil or
or tragedy
tragedy and
~J ZINA illegitimate
illegitimate practice of sex remain firm in in adherence
adherence to the
cause of Islam
oflslam
~..) ZlNAH
'41.15 ZINAH thing or act
act of
ofornamentation,
ornamentation,
beautification
beautification taken as source of J:'L- SABIR
SABIR ~AB I RUN) the
(pl. SABIRUN) the one
one who
enjoyment consistently resists evil or
consistently or tragedy
tragedy
and remains firm in commitment
commitment
,•
--
~
SABBAHA
SABBAJ:IA to praise ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)
thank Him for His
(SWf) and
His deeds
deeds
to Islam
J..1..4 SADAQA
~ADA QA and accept
to be convinced of and accept the
~6..:-- SUBJ:IANAHU
4.16÷0.40 SUBHANAHU invocative usually said whenever
invocative whenever veracity and supreme value of the
ALLAH is mentioned
ALLAH cause oflslam,
of Islam, and
and to
to remain
remain true
to it in practice
practice
~ SAJADA to prostrate oneself,

oneself, forehead,
forehead, •
knees
knees and palms touching the J..1..4 ~IDQ
SIDQ v.n.. of~ADAQA
v.n of SADAQA
floor, in worship of
of ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWT)
{SWf) ../...2J1 AL~IRAT
1.1~1
1.1 AL IRAT the straight path of righteousness
which ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) has
MASJID
MA SJID place where the
the act
actofSAJADA
of SAJADA revealed to the Prophet
Prophet
~
is performed,
performed, often rendered as Mu~ammad (SAAS)
Muhammad (~AAS) for the
"mosque" guidance of humanity, usually
the epithet
joined to t)!_e epithet AL
.. MUSTAQIM (" the straight-
("the
.,-... SAKHKHARA to make subservient to man forward
forward")")
~ TASKHIR v.n.
v .n. from SAKHKHARA
from SAK'.HKHARA ..:..Wl...-11 AL ~ALII;IAT
'L'31-1-...=.11 AL SALIHAT (pl. of ~ALII;IAH)
MLIIJAH) the
the good
35
34
works called for by ALLAH whole religious and liturgical,
(SWT) to be done by men and ethical and jurispudential systems
women in order that they may
deserve the reward of paradise
41,1 SHIRK association of other beings with
ALLAH (SWT); opposite of
SALLA to perform the act of Islamic TAWHID
worship, which is to be performed
by all adult Muslims five times a
day at prescribed hours • MUSHRIK (pl. MUSHRIKON) the person
who practices or believes in
SHIRK
SALAH the act of worship in Islam
," SHAFÀ to intercede with ALLAH (SWT)
AL putiA the time of the day beginning on the Day of Judgment,
when the sun has risen high in the permissible only to those whom
sky and ending at noon ALLAH grants such a favor
-v1...1.1 AL MUSTAD` those who are taken to be weak ▪ SHAFA'AH intercession with ALLAH (SWT)
AFUN and are exploited and tyrannized
over by the mighty of the earth
..A.4.,..t11 AL SHAM:JR a divine name, He Who is always
worthy of being thanked
ISTAVAFA to exploit the weak or
imperialize over them
SHAHADA to witness that there is no God
but ALLAH and that
DALLA to err and go astray from the Muhammad is His prophet,
straight path ALLAH (SWT) has servant and messenger
revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (SAAS)
ieJl.f...t11 AL SHAHADAH the act of witnessing that there is
no God but ALLAH and that
„Dub DALAL v.n. from DALLA Muhammad is His prophet,
servant and messenger; the
DALL (pl. DALLUN) the person who verbal content of that act
errs or goes astray from the
straight path of ALLAH (SWT) SHAI-lib (pl. SHUHADA') the martyr
especially human history who falls in the cause of
ALLAH (SWT)
LA. SHARA` A the act of legislation by ALLAH
(SWT) for any matter of concern SH ORA the consultative/ representational
in human life, personal, form of government, ordered by
familial or public ALLAH (SWT) (3:159; 42:38)
and practiced by the Prophet
the collective name for all the (SAAS) and al Khulafa: al
.i.sier.t.J1 AL SHARPAH
laws of Islam, including Islam's Rashidtin after him
36 37
works called for by ALLAH whole religious and liturgical,
(SWT) to be done by men and ethical and jurispudential systems
women in order that they may
deserve the reward of paradise
41,1 SHIRK association of other beings with
ALLAH (SWT); opposite of
SALLA to perform the act of Islamic TAWHID
worship, which is to be performed
by all adult Muslims five times a
day at prescribed hours • MUSHRIK (pl. MUSHRIKON) the person
who practices or believes in
SHIRK
SALAH the act of worship in Islam
," SHAFÀ to intercede with ALLAH (SWT)
AL putiA the time of the day beginning on the Day of Judgment,
when the sun has risen high in the permissible only to those whom
sky and ending at noon ALLAH grants such a favor
-v1...1.1 AL MUSTAD` those who are taken to be weak ▪ SHAFA'AH intercession with ALLAH (SWT)
AFUN and are exploited and tyrannized
over by the mighty of the earth
..A.4.,..t11 AL SHAM:JR a divine name, He Who is always
worthy of being thanked
ISTAVAFA to exploit the weak or
imperialize over them
SHAHADA to witness that there is no God
but ALLAH and that
DALLA to err and go astray from the Muhammad is His prophet,
straight path ALLAH (SWT) has servant and messenger
revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (SAAS)
ieJl.f...t11 AL SHAHADAH the act of witnessing that there is
no God but ALLAH and that
„Dub DALAL v.n. from DALLA Muhammad is His prophet,
servant and messenger; the
DALL (pl. DALLUN) the person who verbal content of that act
errs or goes astray from the
straight path of ALLAH (SWT) SHAI-lib (pl. SHUHADA') the martyr
especially human history who falls in the cause of
ALLAH (SWT)
LA. SHARA` A the act of legislation by ALLAH
(SWT) for any matter of concern SH ORA the consultative/ representational
in human life, personal, form of government, ordered by
familial or public ALLAH (SWT) (3:159; 42:38)
and practiced by the Prophet
the collective name for all the (SAAS) and al Khulafa: al
.i.sier.t.J1 AL SHARPAH
laws of Islam, including Islam's Rashidtin after him
36 37
.~
l.
~
41-412 TAGHA to assume illegitimate power,
or to enforce prescriptions
prescripti5ms in o.J~ 'IBADAH
ÌBADAH the act or action of serving
violation of the ALLAH (SWT), as in in'ABADA
ÀBADA
the SHARI'
SHARVAH AH
~LI.a ~lL,
aels. ~ 'ABD,'ABID
ÀBD, ÀBID (pl. 'IBAD;
ÌBAD; 'ABIDON)the
‘ABIDON) the
I TAGHiYAH
TAGHIYAH (pl. TUQHAH) v.n. from
TUGHAH) v.n.
TAGHA person who serves
serves ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWf), as in
(SWT), in'ABADA
ÀBADA
•)+.b
J1410 TAHARAH the state of
of being pure; the body
of laws concerning
of concerning purity and ..... 1~ 'ADHAB
ÀDHAB punishment, due
punishment, due pain and
purification suffering in this world
world or
or the
the next,
next,
inflicted by
by ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) upon
humans who violate
violate His
.JI_,!. TAVVAF
,_11610 TAWAF the ritual of
of anticlockwise
anticlockwise SHARI'
SHARPAH AH
circumambulation around the
circumambulation
Ka'bah as
Ka`bah as part
partofofthe
the al
al l;lajj
tlajj
.J.J.,>&11
,_ij .).11.1.1ALMA'RUF
AL MA`ROF that which is
is commonly
commonly known to
be good,
good, and hence desirable and
~ ZULM
til; ZULM the act or action
action of
of committing
committing obligatory for all
obligatory
injustice, as in
injustice; in'.?ALAMA
ZALAMA
j....)AJI
:y., ALÀZTZ
...)- A11 AL 'AZlZ a divine
divine name,
name, the Glorious and
r-JU:. ~ALIM
?ALIM ZALIMUN) the
(pl. ZALIMUN) the one who Almighty
commits injustice,
injustice, as in
'
ZALAMA
:;.i
•,
A ' AZZA
.j.e. I A'AZZA to ennoble, promoteand
ennoble, promote and raise in
society
01i. ~ANN
ZANN doubt or suspicion affecting the
weightier matters~
weightier matters of re!igion
religion and
e:)c. I 'IZZAH the high position
position belonging to
·~
ethics.i_
ethics; opposite of IMAN and ZZA H
YAQIN ALLAH (SWf),ato His
ALLAH (SWT),.to His Prophet
Muhammad (SAAS),
Muhammad and to the
(SAAS), and
Muslims in their
their respective
respective
_,.Aua.ll
jALL.11 AL'.?AHIR
AL ?,;;HIR a divine name, He Who is realms (63:8)
manifest through all phenomena
phenomena
~ 'ISMAH
Ì8MAH infallibility of
of the Prophet in
~ 'ABAD A
‘ABADA to serve ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf),
(SWT), to his conveyance of of the divine
worship Him, to obey
obey Him in message
what He has ordered, and to the
example of his Prophet
example of
Muhammad (SAAS)
(SAAS).. The ~I AL
Nia.:11 AL ‘A?1M
'A'.?fM a divine
divine name,
name, the Great, the
of the term moves from
meaning of High , the Glorious, the Mighty
High,
the most abject and derogatory
form when the object of the act is
object of ,..WI AL'ILM
tlx.11 AL ÌLM knowledge of
knowledge of the patterns of
anything other
other than
thanALLAH,
ALLAH, to ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) in creation,
the most meritorious and noblest which are constitutive
constitutive of reality.
when that object
object isisALLAH
ALLAH In nature it includes
includes the natural
(SWT) and "exact"
"exact" sciences; in the
personal realm,
personal realm, the "humanities";
"humanities" ;
in the social realm, the "social
38 39
.~
l.
~
41-412 TAGHA to assume illegitimate power,
or to enforce prescriptions
prescripti5ms in o.J~ 'IBADAH
ÌBADAH the act or action of serving
violation of the ALLAH (SWT), as in in'ABADA
ÀBADA
the SHARI'
SHARVAH AH
~LI.a ~lL,
aels. ~ 'ABD,'ABID
ÀBD, ÀBID (pl. 'IBAD;
ÌBAD; 'ABIDON)the
‘ABIDON) the
I TAGHiYAH
TAGHIYAH (pl. TUQHAH) v.n. from
TUGHAH) v.n.
TAGHA person who serves
serves ALLAH
ALLAH
(SWf), as in
(SWT), in'ABADA
ÀBADA
•)+.b
J1410 TAHARAH the state of
of being pure; the body
of laws concerning
of concerning purity and ..... 1~ 'ADHAB
ÀDHAB punishment, due
punishment, due pain and
purification suffering in this world
world or
or the
the next,
next,
inflicted by
by ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT) upon
humans who violate
violate His
.JI_,!. TAVVAF
,_11610 TAWAF the ritual of
of anticlockwise
anticlockwise SHARI'
SHARPAH AH
circumambulation around the
circumambulation
Ka'bah as
Ka`bah as part
partofofthe
the al
al l;lajj
tlajj
.J.J.,>&11
,_ij .).11.1.1ALMA'RUF
AL MA`ROF that which is
is commonly
commonly known to
be good,
good, and hence desirable and
~ ZULM
til; ZULM the act or action
action of
of committing
committing obligatory for all
obligatory
injustice, as in
injustice; in'.?ALAMA
ZALAMA
j....)AJI
:y., ALÀZTZ
...)- A11 AL 'AZlZ a divine
divine name,
name, the Glorious and
r-JU:. ~ALIM
?ALIM ZALIMUN) the
(pl. ZALIMUN) the one who Almighty
commits injustice,
injustice, as in
'
ZALAMA
:;.i
•,
A ' AZZA
.j.e. I A'AZZA to ennoble, promoteand
ennoble, promote and raise in
society
01i. ~ANN
ZANN doubt or suspicion affecting the
weightier matters~
weightier matters of re!igion
religion and
e:)c. I 'IZZAH the high position
position belonging to
·~
ethics.i_
ethics; opposite of IMAN and ZZA H
YAQIN ALLAH (SWf),ato His
ALLAH (SWT),.to His Prophet
Muhammad (SAAS),
Muhammad and to the
(SAAS), and
Muslims in their
their respective
respective
_,.Aua.ll
jALL.11 AL'.?AHIR
AL ?,;;HIR a divine name, He Who is realms (63:8)
manifest through all phenomena
phenomena
~ 'ISMAH
Ì8MAH infallibility of
of the Prophet in
~ 'ABAD A
‘ABADA to serve ALLAH
ALLAH (SWf),
(SWT), to his conveyance of of the divine
worship Him, to obey
obey Him in message
what He has ordered, and to the
example of his Prophet
example of
Muhammad (SAAS)
(SAAS).. The ~I AL
Nia.:11 AL ‘A?1M
'A'.?fM a divine
divine name,
name, the Great, the
of the term moves from
meaning of High , the Glorious, the Mighty
High,
the most abject and derogatory
form when the object of the act is
object of ,..WI AL'ILM
tlx.11 AL ÌLM knowledge of
knowledge of the patterns of
anything other
other than
thanALLAH,
ALLAH, to ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) in creation,
the most meritorious and noblest which are constitutive
constitutive of reality.
when that object
object isisALLAH
ALLAH In nature it includes
includes the natural
(SWT) and "exact"
"exact" sciences; in the
personal realm,
personal realm, the "humanities";
"humanities" ;
in the social realm, the "social
38 39
sciences." The patterns
patterns of revealed to
revealed to His
His Prophet
Prophet(SAAS)
(SAAS)
sciences." The of
ALLAH
ALLAH are are empirical
empirical and
and
knowable
knowable through
through the
the senses,
senses, j:..c. to do
do the
the good
good or
or evil
evil works
works in
theoretical and
and practical
'ÀMALA
AMALA to in an
an
theoretical practical activist, participatory life
activist, participatory life in
in full
full
intuition, and reason.
intuition, and reason. engagement with the
engagement with the processes
processes of of
history
history
t~I
......1%.11AL'ALIM
AL 'ALIN aa divine
divine name,
name, He
He Who
Who knows
knows
•
everything
everything (pl. A'MAL) work(s); often
often
~ 'AMAL
,11c 'AMAL (pl. ANAL) work(s);
refers to
refers to the
the good
good work(s)
work(s)
Jk 'AQL
die 'AOL reason
reason or,
or, collectively,
collectively, the
the
performed by
performed by the
the innocent
innocent and
and
faculties through which 'ILM
'ILM is
is righteous
righteous person
person
faculties through which
achieved
achieved
~I AL'AHD
-tesk..11 AL 'AHD the cov~nant
the covenant between
between ALLAH
ALLAH
~ 'AQALA
ÀQALA to reason
to reason and
and thereby
thereby to
to achieve
achieve
(SWT) and
(SWT) and mankind
mankind by by which
which
'ILM every
every human
human commits
commits himself
himself to
to
ÌLM
obey
obey ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT),(SWT), andand
ALLAHagrees
ALLAH agreesto to reward
reward oror
Ji~ 'AQIL
ÀQIL (pl l'AQILiJN)
(pl the person
person who
who punish accordingly;
AQIIIIN) the punish accordingly; executed
executed
reasons and thereby achieves
reasons and thereby achieves between two humans,
humans, anyany
'ILM between two
ÌLM legitimate 'AHD
legitimate ' AHOisis in
in Islamic
Islamic
law aa most
law most serious
serious commitment
commitment
~WI AL
ctalL11 AL'ALAMIN
'ALAMIN creation in its
creation in its totality
totality in
in space
space
andtime
and time ul..:M..J.II AL aa divine
61.s.1.1 ALMUSTA'AN
MUSTNAN divine name,
name, He
He Whose
Whose help
help
ought to be sought;
ought to be sought; the
the only
only One
One
Jla:i TA'ALA
TA'ALA to
to transcend
transcend everything, an act
everything, an act of
of
Whose help
Whose help will
will be
be ultimately
ultimately
which effective
which only
only ALLAH (SWT) is
ALLAH (SWT) is effective
capable. In
capable. In invocative form, it
invocative form, it
means "May ALLAH
means "May ALLAH be be J.il. GHAFARA ALLAH's forgiving act
act and
and His
affirmed jia GHAFARA ALLAH's forgiving His
affirmed toto stand
stand transcendently
transcendently acceptance of the
acceptance of the applicant
applicant as
as
above all things."
above all things." rehabilitated in relation
rehabilitated in relation to
to Him
Him
~I
JI AL'ALIYY
AL 'ALIYY aa divine
divine name,
name, the
the Highest
Highest divine names,
names, the
the Forgiver;
Forgiver; the
jai.11 ALGHAFUR,
jj./..iJI AL GHAFUR, divine the
ALGHAFFAR One Who repeatedly forgives
AL GHAFFAR One Who repeatedly forgives
:;..&.
joe 'AMARA
ÀMARA to
to build
build or
or operate;
operate; toto fulfill
fulfill the
the
purposes of
of aa land,
land, site,
site, building - . .. I to
purposes
or
building ~. ISTAGHFARA
3.11A1...1 ISTAGHFARA to seek
seek ALLAH's
ALLAH's forgiveness
forgiveness
or equipment
equipment
GHUSL
GHUSL total self-cleaning
total self-cleaning of
of the
the body,
body, or
or
wl~ 'IMRAN
ÌMRAN civilization and culture
civilization and culture ritual purification
ritual purification in
in preparation
preparation
for ~ALAH
for SALAH or or burial
burial
J t-:;....I• ISTI'MAR
ISTINAR man's divine
man's divine commission
commission to to
reconstructthe
reconstruct the material
material and ...JWI aa divine
human world
and ALGHALIB
...ALI' AL GHALIB divine name
name,, He
He Who
Who always
always
human world in
in fullfillment
fullfillment of
of conquers
conquers
the
the patterns
patterns ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT( has
(SWT( has
40 41
41
40
sciences." The patterns
patterns of revealed to
revealed to His
His Prophet
Prophet(SAAS)
(SAAS)
sciences." The of
ALLAH
ALLAH are are empirical
empirical and
and
knowable
knowable through
through the
the senses,
senses, j:..c. to do
do the
the good
good or
or evil
evil works
works in
theoretical and
and practical
'ÀMALA
AMALA to in an
an
theoretical practical activist, participatory life
activist, participatory life in
in full
full
intuition, and reason.
intuition, and reason. engagement with the
engagement with the processes
processes of of
history
history
t~I
......1%.11AL'ALIM
AL 'ALIN aa divine
divine name,
name, He
He Who
Who knows
knows
•
everything
everything (pl. A'MAL) work(s); often
often
~ 'AMAL
,11c 'AMAL (pl. ANAL) work(s);
refers to
refers to the
the good
good work(s)
work(s)
Jk 'AQL
die 'AOL reason
reason or,
or, collectively,
collectively, the
the
performed by
performed by the
the innocent
innocent and
and
faculties through which 'ILM
'ILM is
is righteous
righteous person
person
faculties through which
achieved
achieved
~I AL'AHD
-tesk..11 AL 'AHD the cov~nant
the covenant between
between ALLAH
ALLAH
~ 'AQALA
ÀQALA to reason
to reason and
and thereby
thereby to
to achieve
achieve
(SWT) and
(SWT) and mankind
mankind by by which
which
'ILM every
every human
human commits
commits himself
himself to
to
ÌLM
obey
obey ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT),(SWT), andand
ALLAHagrees
ALLAH agreesto to reward
reward oror
Ji~ 'AQIL
ÀQIL (pl l'AQILiJN)
(pl the person
person who
who punish accordingly;
AQIIIIN) the punish accordingly; executed
executed
reasons and thereby achieves
reasons and thereby achieves between two humans,
humans, anyany
'ILM between two
ÌLM legitimate 'AHD
legitimate ' AHOisis in
in Islamic
Islamic
law aa most
law most serious
serious commitment
commitment
~WI AL
ctalL11 AL'ALAMIN
'ALAMIN creation in its
creation in its totality
totality in
in space
space
andtime
and time ul..:M..J.II AL aa divine
61.s.1.1 ALMUSTA'AN
MUSTNAN divine name,
name, He
He Whose
Whose help
help
ought to be sought;
ought to be sought; the
the only
only One
One
Jla:i TA'ALA
TA'ALA to
to transcend
transcend everything, an act
everything, an act of
of
Whose help
Whose help will
will be
be ultimately
ultimately
which effective
which only
only ALLAH (SWT) is
ALLAH (SWT) is effective
capable. In
capable. In invocative form, it
invocative form, it
means "May ALLAH
means "May ALLAH be be J.il. GHAFARA ALLAH's forgiving act
act and
and His
affirmed jia GHAFARA ALLAH's forgiving His
affirmed toto stand
stand transcendently
transcendently acceptance of the
acceptance of the applicant
applicant as
as
above all things."
above all things." rehabilitated in relation
rehabilitated in relation to
to Him
Him
~I
JI AL'ALIYY
AL 'ALIYY aa divine
divine name,
name, the
the Highest
Highest divine names,
names, the
the Forgiver;
Forgiver; the
jai.11 ALGHAFUR,
jj./..iJI AL GHAFUR, divine the
ALGHAFFAR One Who repeatedly forgives
AL GHAFFAR One Who repeatedly forgives
:;..&.
joe 'AMARA
ÀMARA to
to build
build or
or operate;
operate; toto fulfill
fulfill the
the
purposes of
of aa land,
land, site,
site, building - . .. I to
purposes
or
building ~. ISTAGHFARA
3.11A1...1 ISTAGHFARA to seek
seek ALLAH's
ALLAH's forgiveness
forgiveness
or equipment
equipment
GHUSL
GHUSL total self-cleaning
total self-cleaning of
of the
the body,
body, or
or
wl~ 'IMRAN
ÌMRAN civilization and culture
civilization and culture ritual purification
ritual purification in
in preparation
preparation
for ~ALAH
for SALAH or or burial
burial
J t-:;....I• ISTI'MAR
ISTINAR man's divine
man's divine commission
commission to to
reconstructthe
reconstruct the material
material and ...JWI aa divine
human world
and ALGHALIB
...ALI' AL GHALIB divine name
name,, He
He Who
Who always
always
human world in
in fullfillment
fullfillment of
of conquers
conquers
the
the patterns
patterns ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT( has
(SWT( has
40 41
41
40
~ GHAYB the transcendent realm; ~lill
1111 AL FAHISHAH,
ALFAl;IISHA!f, a grave sin, such as adultery
knowledge
knowledge ofofit
it which is ~~1
G LI-1111 AL
ALFFAI;ISHA'
Al;ISHA'
impossible
impossible for man to achieve
except
except through revelation
~ FASAQA to commit a sin, to follow a course
of sinfulness and evil, short of
6ii FATAHA
FATAl;IA (for ALLAH
ALLAH SWT) SWI') to
to grant
victory to His servants over their
apostasy or blasphemy
enemies,
enemies,or or to
to provide
provide them with
a breakthrough from their — FAQAHA
aka
ill FAQAHA to know the ordinances of
difficulties,
difficulties, be
be they
they moral or ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT),
(SWT), His
His revelation,
material and His patterns in creation
creation,,
synonymous
synonymous with
with ÌLM;
'ILM; to know
~
--·
6.14 FATH
FATl;I the act of
of granting (as in
Islamic law and its proper
applications
applicati?ns
FATAHA)
FATAl;IA)or orthe
the victory
victory or
breakthrough granted; see the
plural form,AL
plural form, ALFUTOl;IAT
FUTUHAT -...ii FAQIR
FAQfH (pl FUQAHA)
FUQAHX) synonymous
synonymous
with ÀLIM
'ALIM
-=-6._,llll
1V.1 I I AL FUTCHAT
ALFUTUl;IAT the moral and material victories
victories
granted to the Prophet ~ FAKKARA to think and ponder, and
MuJ:iammad (~AAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) and
and his eventually to perceive
perceive and know
early followers, and hence the the patterns and
and will
willof
ofALLAH
ALLAH
conversions
conversions to
to Islam of
of large (SWT)
masses of
of the population of
of any
country or region
~ FIKR thought and intellection
intellection in their
general sense
-
Cl:WI , ~lilt AL FATIH,
ALFATIH, divine names, He Who grants, .
AL FATTAH
ALFATTAl;I and He Who always grants
grants FFATH
ATI! 6-llt AFLAHA
AFLAl;IA to succeed in one's
one's endeavor
WWI AL FA
FATIHAH
Tll;IAH the ope_!ling
opening si‘rah
surah of
o!._AL Ali FALAH
cc'.)lj success in attaining full
full conviction
conviction
FALA.ti
QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL ALKARTM
KARIM and realization of
of the divine will
~ FATANA misguid~or influence

to beguile, misguide
~ MUFLIH
c-114 MUFLll;I (pl. MUFLII-JON)
MUFLll;IUN) Muslims who
away from
from AL
AL SIRAT
SIRAT AL
AL have successfully fulfilled their
MUSTAQIM.
MUSTAQIM Islamic commitment
commitment
~ FITNAH
;jai FITNAH misguidance, dissuasion from
one's Islamic commitments
·-
j:ii QADDARA
.;.J.1 QADDARA to measure,
measure, assign and make
happen according to plan; to be
capable of making something
Lcspli
,s,,:;J FATWA
FATWA a juij_stic
juristic opinion
opinion given by an happen
ÀLIM
'ALIM (hence muft)mufti') on any
matter perti11ent
pertinent to Islamic law .;.l.i QADAR man's capacity for moral action;
ALLAH's
ALLAH's assignment
assignment of of ends to
all processes of life and
and existence
existence
42 43
~ GHAYB the transcendent realm; ~lill
1111 AL FAHISHAH,
ALFAl;IISHA!f, a grave sin, such as adultery
knowledge
knowledge ofofit
it which is ~~1
G LI-1111 AL
ALFFAI;ISHA'
Al;ISHA'
impossible
impossible for man to achieve
except
except through revelation
~ FASAQA to commit a sin, to follow a course
of sinfulness and evil, short of
6ii FATAHA
FATAl;IA (for ALLAH
ALLAH SWT) SWI') to
to grant
victory to His servants over their
apostasy or blasphemy
enemies,
enemies,or or to
to provide
provide them with
a breakthrough from their — FAQAHA
aka
ill FAQAHA to know the ordinances of
difficulties,
difficulties, be
be they
they moral or ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT),
(SWT), His
His revelation,
material and His patterns in creation
creation,,
synonymous
synonymous with
with ÌLM;
'ILM; to know
~
--·
6.14 FATH
FATl;I the act of
of granting (as in
Islamic law and its proper
applications
applicati?ns
FATAHA)
FATAl;IA)or orthe
the victory
victory or
breakthrough granted; see the
plural form,AL
plural form, ALFUTOl;IAT
FUTUHAT -...ii FAQIR
FAQfH (pl FUQAHA)
FUQAHX) synonymous
synonymous
with ÀLIM
'ALIM
-=-6._,llll
1V.1 I I AL FUTCHAT
ALFUTUl;IAT the moral and material victories
victories
granted to the Prophet ~ FAKKARA to think and ponder, and
MuJ:iammad (~AAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) and
and his eventually to perceive
perceive and know
early followers, and hence the the patterns and
and will
willof
ofALLAH
ALLAH
conversions
conversions to
to Islam of
of large (SWT)
masses of
of the population of
of any
country or region
~ FIKR thought and intellection
intellection in their
general sense
-
Cl:WI , ~lilt AL FATIH,
ALFATIH, divine names, He Who grants, .
AL FATTAH
ALFATTAl;I and He Who always grants
grants FFATH
ATI! 6-llt AFLAHA
AFLAl;IA to succeed in one's
one's endeavor
WWI AL FA
FATIHAH
Tll;IAH the ope_!ling
opening si‘rah
surah of
o!._AL Ali FALAH
cc'.)lj success in attaining full
full conviction
conviction
FALA.ti
QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL ALKARTM
KARIM and realization of
of the divine will
~ FATANA misguid~or influence

to beguile, misguide
~ MUFLIH
c-114 MUFLll;I (pl. MUFLII-JON)
MUFLll;IUN) Muslims who
away from
from AL
AL SIRAT
SIRAT AL
AL have successfully fulfilled their
MUSTAQIM.
MUSTAQIM Islamic commitment
commitment
~ FITNAH
;jai FITNAH misguidance, dissuasion from
one's Islamic commitments
·-
j:ii QADDARA
.;.J.1 QADDARA to measure,
measure, assign and make
happen according to plan; to be
capable of making something
Lcspli
,s,,:;J FATWA
FATWA a juij_stic
juristic opinion
opinion given by an happen
ÀLIM
'ALIM (hence muft)mufti') on any
matter perti11ent
pertinent to Islamic law .;.l.i QADAR man's capacity for moral action;
ALLAH's
ALLAH's assignment
assignment of of ends to
all processes of life and
and existence
existence
42 43
on
on earth. In the
earth. In the latter
latter case,
case, the
the
term
term is
isconjoined
conjoinedwith
withQAl)A'
QADA' (SWT) is
(SWT) is the
the Greater
Greater
QAl)A'
.l...Ai QADA' divine
divine judgment,
judgment, usually
associated
associated with
usually
withQADAR
QADAR
~I . . ISTAKBARA
ISTAKBARA to assume
to assume falsely
greater
greater
that one
falsely that is the
one is the
!"""'.fi..11 i:,1,,,AJ I AL
ALQUR'ANAL
QUR'AN AL the final
the final revelation
revelation ofofALLAH's
ALLAH's .) . .
IA:i.....I ISTIKBAR
ISTIKBAR the assumption
the assumption by
excessive
by tyrants
tyrants of
of
KARIM
KARIM will
will to
to the
the Prophet
Prophet Muqammad
Muhammad excessive power
power
(~AAS),
(AAS), conveyedininArabic
conveyed Arabic andand
relayed to
relayed to his
his companions,
companions, .....ts KITAB book, scripture
memorized verbatim.and KITAB book, scripture
memorized verbatim and publicly
publicly
and
and continuously recited by
continuously recited by them
them
and
and their
their descendants
descendants to to the
the ':"\All
4..1l15.11
AL
AL KIT AB
KITAB equivalent
equivalentof AL QU~N
of AL QURAN AL
AL
present
present time.
time. ItIt was
was given
given its
its KARIM
KARIM
present written
present written form
form by
by order
order of of
'Uthman
Ùthman ibn ibn'Afffin
'Affan(RAA),
(RAA),
third ':"\AllI JAl AHLAL
JA1 AHL ALKITAB
KITAB the adherents of
the adherents of scriptural
scriptural
third Rlishidiin
Rashidrin caliph,
caliph, in
in the
the year
year religions, especially the Jews
Jews and
24-25 religions, especially the and
24-25 A.H./646-647
A.H./646-647 A.C. A.C. Christians
Christians
.b....11 AQSATA
AQSATA to do
do justice
to justice ~ KAFARA
KAFARA to
to say
say solemnly
solemnly that
thatALLAH
ALLAH
• ·(SWT)
(SWT) is is not
not God,
God, or or is
is not
not the
the
.b....l QIST
QIST justice, equity and
justice, equity and uprightness
uprightness in in subject
subject of
of each
each of
of His
His attributes,
attributes,
• dealing with all matters,
dealing with all matters, v.n.
v.n. of
of or
or that Muhammad(~AAS)
that Mu9ammad (SAAS) is is
AQSATA not
not the
the Prophet
Prophet of of ALLAH,
ALLAH, or
.. AQSATA or
that
that anything
anythingin inAL
ALQURQUR'AN'AN
AL KARIM
AL KARIM is is not
not verbatim
verbatim
QA~~A to
to relate reports or
or matters
'-"°"
Lraa QASSA relate reports
pertaining
matters truth or revelation
truth or revelation fromfromALLAH
ALLAH
pertaining toto previous
previous times,
times, (SWT)
(SWT)
especially to previous
especially to previous prophets
prophets
~ KUFR
,:;15 KUFR the act of
the act of declaring
declaring solemnly
solemnly
~ QA~A~
QASAS the
the reports
reports of
of those
those who
who relate
relate as
as one's disbelief,
inQA~~A
one's disbelief, as
as in
inKAF ARA
KAFARA
in QASSA
.).;~ KAFIR
lS KAFIR (pl. KAFIRUN)
(pl. KA.FIRUN)the the person
person guilty
guilty
~
'l:il AQAMA
AQAMA to
to establish; to hold;
establish; to to fulfill;
hold; to fulfill; to
to of declaring solemnly his/her
of declaring solemnly his/her
make
make present
present again
again disbelief,
disbelief, as
as in
inKAF ARA
KAFARA
ZAlit . IQ AMAH
t.l:il IQAMAH the
the inception
inception of
other ritual of
other ritual
of SALAH
of worship
worship
or any
SALAH or any
~ NABIYY
NABIYY (pl. ANBIYftt)
(p1.
whose
ANBIYk) the the person
person
prophethood consists
consists of
whose prophethood of
receiving
receiving verbatim
verbatim aa message
message
.~1 AKBAR
ALSI AKB AR aa divine
divine attribute,
attribute, the
the Greater
Greater from
from ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) with
with the
the
express order to
express order to convey it to
convey it to the
the
people and to
to exemplify its
~ KABBARA
KABBARA to
to proclaim
proclaim -liturgically
— liturgically or
or
people and
percepts in
percepts in his
exemplify its
his own
own life
life
otherwise - that ALLAH
otherwise—that ALLAH
44
44 45
45
on
on earth. In the
earth. In the latter
latter case,
case, the
the
term
term is
isconjoined
conjoinedwith
withQAl)A'
QADA' (SWT) is
(SWT) is the
the Greater
Greater
QAl)A'
.l...Ai QADA' divine
divine judgment,
judgment, usually
associated
associated with
usually
withQADAR
QADAR
~I . . ISTAKBARA
ISTAKBARA to assume
to assume falsely
greater
greater
that one
falsely that is the
one is the
!"""'.fi..11 i:,1,,,AJ I AL
ALQUR'ANAL
QUR'AN AL the final
the final revelation
revelation ofofALLAH's
ALLAH's .) . .
IA:i.....I ISTIKBAR
ISTIKBAR the assumption
the assumption by
excessive
by tyrants
tyrants of
of
KARIM
KARIM will
will to
to the
the Prophet
Prophet Muqammad
Muhammad excessive power
power
(~AAS),
(AAS), conveyedininArabic
conveyed Arabic andand
relayed to
relayed to his
his companions,
companions, .....ts KITAB book, scripture
memorized verbatim.and KITAB book, scripture
memorized verbatim and publicly
publicly
and
and continuously recited by
continuously recited by them
them
and
and their
their descendants
descendants to to the
the ':"\All
4..1l15.11
AL
AL KIT AB
KITAB equivalent
equivalentof AL QU~N
of AL QURAN AL
AL
present
present time.
time. ItIt was
was given
given its
its KARIM
KARIM
present written
present written form
form by
by order
order of of
'Uthman
Ùthman ibn ibn'Afffin
'Affan(RAA),
(RAA),
third ':"\AllI JAl AHLAL
JA1 AHL ALKITAB
KITAB the adherents of
the adherents of scriptural
scriptural
third Rlishidiin
Rashidrin caliph,
caliph, in
in the
the year
year religions, especially the Jews
Jews and
24-25 religions, especially the and
24-25 A.H./646-647
A.H./646-647 A.C. A.C. Christians
Christians
.b....11 AQSATA
AQSATA to do
do justice
to justice ~ KAFARA
KAFARA to
to say
say solemnly
solemnly that
thatALLAH
ALLAH
• ·(SWT)
(SWT) is is not
not God,
God, or or is
is not
not the
the
.b....l QIST
QIST justice, equity and
justice, equity and uprightness
uprightness in in subject
subject of
of each
each of
of His
His attributes,
attributes,
• dealing with all matters,
dealing with all matters, v.n.
v.n. of
of or
or that Muhammad(~AAS)
that Mu9ammad (SAAS) is is
AQSATA not
not the
the Prophet
Prophet of of ALLAH,
ALLAH, or
.. AQSATA or
that
that anything
anythingin inAL
ALQURQUR'AN'AN
AL KARIM
AL KARIM is is not
not verbatim
verbatim
QA~~A to
to relate reports or
or matters
'-"°"
Lraa QASSA relate reports
pertaining
matters truth or revelation
truth or revelation fromfromALLAH
ALLAH
pertaining toto previous
previous times,
times, (SWT)
(SWT)
especially to previous
especially to previous prophets
prophets
~ KUFR
,:;15 KUFR the act of
the act of declaring
declaring solemnly
solemnly
~ QA~A~
QASAS the
the reports
reports of
of those
those who
who relate
relate as
as one's disbelief,
inQA~~A
one's disbelief, as
as in
inKAF ARA
KAFARA
in QASSA
.).;~ KAFIR
lS KAFIR (pl. KAFIRUN)
(pl. KA.FIRUN)the the person
person guilty
guilty
~
'l:il AQAMA
AQAMA to
to establish; to hold;
establish; to to fulfill;
hold; to fulfill; to
to of declaring solemnly his/her
of declaring solemnly his/her
make
make present
present again
again disbelief,
disbelief, as
as in
inKAF ARA
KAFARA
ZAlit . IQ AMAH
t.l:il IQAMAH the
the inception
inception of
other ritual of
other ritual
of SALAH
of worship
worship
or any
SALAH or any
~ NABIYY
NABIYY (pl. ANBIYftt)
(p1.
whose
ANBIYk) the the person
person
prophethood consists
consists of
whose prophethood of
receiving
receiving verbatim
verbatim aa message
message
.~1 AKBAR
ALSI AKB AR aa divine
divine attribute,
attribute, the
the Greater
Greater from
from ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) with
with the
the
express order to
express order to convey it to
convey it to the
the
people and to
to exemplify its
~ KABBARA
KABBARA to
to proclaim
proclaim -liturgically
— liturgically or
or
people and
percepts in
percepts in his
exemplify its
his own
own life
life
otherwise - that ALLAH
otherwise—that ALLAH
44
44 45
45
-~-
~ NAZZALA
d1 NAZZALA to bring
to bring down
down from
from heaven
heaven to
to • HUDA
i.s.u.
alk HUDA divine guidance
divine or revelation
guidance or revelation of
of
earth
earth Islam
Islam
J.~ TANZIL
TANzIL any
any message
message which
whichALLAH
ALLAH J1+ 1 1ALHADI
<!..14-JI AL HAM- aa divine
divine name,
name, the
the ultimate
ultimate
(SWf) had
(SWT) had sent
sent to
to humanity
humanity Guide to truth and
Guide to truth and value
value
through
through the
the prophets
prophets
<!~ MUHTADI
5.44 MUHTADI
(
(pl. MUHT
(pl. ADUN) the
MUHTADUN) _person
the1erson
J.~I ALTANZIL
j.j11.11 AL TANZIL the
the message sent through
message sent through who has received
who has receivedHUDA
HUDA
Mu~ammad
Muhammad(~AAS~.e.
(AAS), i.e.,, AL
AL
QUR'ANALKA
QUR'AN AL KARIM R
~,J WAJH
WAJH (pl. WUJUH)
(p1. face ; record
WUJUH) face; record or
or
path; career;
path; career; when
when ascribed
ascribed to
to
AN~AR
) ..-:.1 ANSAR the Muslims
the Muslims ofof Madinah
Madinah who
who ALLAH (SWT),
ALLAH (SWT),"the
"the sake
sake [of
[of
covenanted
covenanted toto assume
assume ALLAHr'
ALLAH.]"
responsibility for the
responsibility for the Prophet
Prophet
Mu~ammad
Muhammad (~AAS) and to
(SAAS) and to give
give
him their protection 441 ALWA'D
~_,.11 AL WA'D the divine
the promise of
divine promise of reward
reward for
for
him their protection the good
the good deeds,
deeds, i.e.,
i.e., ALLAH'S
ALLAH'S
part of
part of the
the 'AHDorMITHA
'AHD or MITHAQ Q
µ1
j5.1.11 ALMUNKAR
AL MUNKAR the
the evil or undesirable
evil or thing or
undesirable thing or act
act between
between HimHim and
and man
man
which is not the object
which is not the object of
of social
social
convention
convention andand is
is condemned
condemned byby
the shareah
shari'ah ~_,JI
4.. ALWA'JD
.c.,)11 AL WA'ID the
the divine
divine promise
promise ofof punishment
punishment
the for evil dee~s, paI_t of
for evil deeds, part ofALLAH'S
ALLAH'S
'AHD
ÀHD or or MITHAQ
MITHAQ with with
' '
'
yea
~ HAJARA
HAJARA to
to emigrate,
emigrate, to
to leave
leave unattended
unattended mankind
mankind
~~ HIJRAH
HIJRAH the
the departure
departure of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet i.s_,.L; TAQWA the combination
the of piety,
combination of. piety, faith
faith,,
jr, TAQWA
Mu~ammad
Muhammad(~AAS) from
(AAS) from loyalty, commitment called
called for
for in
loyalty, commitment in
Makkah to
Makkah to Yathrib
Yathrib (later
(later known
known Islam
Islam
as
the
Madfnah
the Prophet);
al Nabiyy
as Madinah al Nabiyy (the city of
(the city
designation for
Prophet); designation
of
for the
the . (pl. MUTT
Islamic
Islamic lunar
lunar calendar
calendar which
which ~ MUTTAQI
MUTTAQT (pl.
acts in
AQUN) the
MUTTAQUN)
pursuit
the one
ofTAQWA
one who
who
or in
began on
began on the
the day
day of
of that
that acts in pursuit of TAQWA or in
departure consequence
consequence ofof possession
possession of
of it
it
departure from
from Makkah
Makkah (July,
622AC)
622AC)
(July,
..
~,,,:; TAWAKKUL
TAWAKKUL absolute confidence
absolute that
confidence that
ALLAH (SWT) isis indeed
indeed the
~4-o MUHAJIR
MUHAJIR (pl. MUHAJIRUN)w
(pl. MUHAJIRUN)whoever hoever ALLAH (SWT) the
undertakes to transfer Mover
Mover oror Cause
Cause ofof all
all that
that is
is or
or
undertakes to transfer himself/
himself/ will be, as well as reliance upon
herself spatially
herself spatially for
for the
the sake
sake of
of will be, as well as reliance upon
Islam Him as
Him as such
such
Islam
HADA
i.s.u. HADA to guide
to to truth
guide to truth and
and value
value of
of
~ WALIYY
t4.9 WALIYY (pl. AWLIYA)
(pl. AWLIYX) friend,
friend, patron,
patron,
Islam
Islam saint
saint
~ YUSR
YUSR that which
that which is
is possible
possible without
without
46
46 47
47
-~-
~ NAZZALA
d1 NAZZALA to bring
to bring down
down from
from heaven
heaven to
to • HUDA
i.s.u.
alk HUDA divine guidance
divine or revelation
guidance or revelation of
of
earth
earth Islam
Islam
J.~ TANZIL
TANzIL any
any message
message which
whichALLAH
ALLAH J1+ 1 1ALHADI
<!..14-JI AL HAM- aa divine
divine name,
name, the
the ultimate
ultimate
(SWf) had
(SWT) had sent
sent to
to humanity
humanity Guide to truth and
Guide to truth and value
value
through
through the
the prophets
prophets
<!~ MUHTADI
5.44 MUHTADI
(
(pl. MUHT
(pl. ADUN) the
MUHTADUN) _person
the1erson
J.~I ALTANZIL
j.j11.11 AL TANZIL the
the message sent through
message sent through who has received
who has receivedHUDA
HUDA
Mu~ammad
Muhammad(~AAS~.e.
(AAS), i.e.,, AL
AL
QUR'ANALKA
QUR'AN AL KARIM R
~,J WAJH
WAJH (pl. WUJUH)
(p1. face ; record
WUJUH) face; record or
or
path; career;
path; career; when
when ascribed
ascribed to
to
AN~AR
) ..-:.1 ANSAR the Muslims
the Muslims ofof Madinah
Madinah who
who ALLAH (SWT),
ALLAH (SWT),"the
"the sake
sake [of
[of
covenanted
covenanted toto assume
assume ALLAHr'
ALLAH.]"
responsibility for the
responsibility for the Prophet
Prophet
Mu~ammad
Muhammad (~AAS) and to
(SAAS) and to give
give
him their protection 441 ALWA'D
~_,.11 AL WA'D the divine
the promise of
divine promise of reward
reward for
for
him their protection the good
the good deeds,
deeds, i.e.,
i.e., ALLAH'S
ALLAH'S
part of
part of the
the 'AHDorMITHA
'AHD or MITHAQ Q
µ1
j5.1.11 ALMUNKAR
AL MUNKAR the
the evil or undesirable
evil or thing or
undesirable thing or act
act between
between HimHim and
and man
man
which is not the object
which is not the object of
of social
social
convention
convention andand is
is condemned
condemned byby
the shareah
shari'ah ~_,JI
4.. ALWA'JD
.c.,)11 AL WA'ID the
the divine
divine promise
promise ofof punishment
punishment
the for evil dee~s, paI_t of
for evil deeds, part ofALLAH'S
ALLAH'S
'AHD
ÀHD or or MITHAQ
MITHAQ with with
' '
'
yea
~ HAJARA
HAJARA to
to emigrate,
emigrate, to
to leave
leave unattended
unattended mankind
mankind
~~ HIJRAH
HIJRAH the
the departure
departure of
of the
the Prophet
Prophet i.s_,.L; TAQWA the combination
the of piety,
combination of. piety, faith
faith,,
jr, TAQWA
Mu~ammad
Muhammad(~AAS) from
(AAS) from loyalty, commitment called
called for
for in
loyalty, commitment in
Makkah to
Makkah to Yathrib
Yathrib (later
(later known
known Islam
Islam
as
the
Madfnah
the Prophet);
al Nabiyy
as Madinah al Nabiyy (the city of
(the city
designation for
Prophet); designation
of
for the
the . (pl. MUTT
Islamic
Islamic lunar
lunar calendar
calendar which
which ~ MUTTAQI
MUTTAQT (pl.
acts in
AQUN) the
MUTTAQUN)
pursuit
the one
ofTAQWA
one who
who
or in
began on
began on the
the day
day of
of that
that acts in pursuit of TAQWA or in
departure consequence
consequence ofof possession
possession of
of it
it
departure from
from Makkah
Makkah (July,
622AC)
622AC)
(July,
..
~,,,:; TAWAKKUL
TAWAKKUL absolute confidence
absolute that
confidence that
ALLAH (SWT) isis indeed
indeed the
~4-o MUHAJIR
MUHAJIR (pl. MUHAJIRUN)w
(pl. MUHAJIRUN)whoever hoever ALLAH (SWT) the
undertakes to transfer Mover
Mover oror Cause
Cause ofof all
all that
that is
is or
or
undertakes to transfer himself/
himself/ will be, as well as reliance upon
herself spatially
herself spatially for
for the
the sake
sake of
of will be, as well as reliance upon
Islam Him as
Him as such
such
Islam
HADA
i.s.u. HADA to guide
to to truth
guide to truth and
and value
value of
of
~ WALIYY
t4.9 WALIYY (pl. AWLIYA)
(pl. AWLIYX) friend,
friend, patron,
patron,
Islam
Islam saint
saint
~ YUSR
YUSR that which
that which is
is possible
possible without
without
46
46 47
47
hardship u.:,1).1d1 RASM AL
AL RASM AL QUR' A.NI
QUR'ANI
Qur'anic calligraphy and orthography
the QueNnic
~
CA. YAQfN
YAQIN apodeictic certainty
apodeictic certainty of
of the truth
of Islam and its claims
of MUHKAM, AL MUT
AL MUHKAM, ASHABAH
MUTASHABAH
prescriptions are specific and
the verses whose prescriptions
precise (AL MUHKAM);
MU_l;IKAM); inin contrast
contrast to those
MUT ASHABAH)whose
(AL MUTASHABAH) whosemeanings
meanings are
are
3. List
3. Listof
ofTerms/Expressions
Terms/Expressions relevant to the
relevant to susceptible to more than one interpretation or
Islamic Sciences. application
a. Sciences
Sciences of
of Al
Al Qur'an
Qur'an al Karim
Karim
ALT
AL AFSIR BIL MA'THUR
TAFSIR
exegesis of
exegesis of AL QUR'AN
QUR' ANby bymeans
means of
of traditions
~_,11 flI AL
(•%• AL WAHY
WAHY received from Prophet (~AAS)
the Prophet
from the (SAAS) and his
verbatim· revelation of a verse or more
verbatim
companions (RAA)
companions (RAA) ·
containing aa message from ALLAH
message from ALLAH (SWT) to
the Prophet, as in
inthe
thecase
caseof
ofAL
ALQUR' AN AL
QUR'AN
KARIM AL TAFSlR
TAFSIR BIL RA'Y
QUR'AN by
by means
means of free
of the mind
exercise of
.J.a
~' - 1.-: -
u:-'>' TARTIL, TAJWID
intoned recitation of Qur'anic
Quednic text
·l :11 J• 1..:....c.1
u~ . •
I'JAZ AL
I`JAZ AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN
inimitabilityof
ofAL
ALQUR'
QUR'AN AN AL
..J_ro.1 ~ SAB'ATU Al;IRUFIN
SABÀTU AHRUFIN
which gives evidence of
KARIM, which of its divine
seven renderings or ways of pronouncing
provenance
certain words
certain words in
in the
the Qur'anic
QurInic text
b. Sciences
Sciences of the liaclith
1fadlth
111 ‘,4-1
,1")
J,,~I "':-'~1 ASBAB AL NUZUL
the situational contexts in which each of the
verses of
of AL QUR'AN AL AL KARIM
KARIM was 74.21 RIWAYAH AL HADITH
revealed the reporting ofof words,
words, deeds, descriptions,
attitudes of
attitudes of the ProphetMu~ammad
theProphet Muhammad(~AAS)(AAS)
AL MAKKT,
MAKKT, AL AL MADANI
MADANT
said of the verses revealed in Makkah al 41,41.)J DIRAYAH AL HADITHHADITH
Mukarramah or in al al Madlnah
Madinah al
al Munawwarah,
Munawwarah, the studies pertaining to the validity of the
resp. reporting and of what is reported about the
Prophet (~AAS)
Prophet (SAAS)
c_11,1.11 FAWATIH
FAWATIH AL AL SUWAR
SUWAR
the letters of
of the Arabic alphabet
alphabet which stand at ."- -11 L117.) RIJAL
RIJ ALALAL HADlTH
HADITH
the opening of of aa number of suwar l}adfth
a science which studies the reporters of hadith
insofar as they are reporters
• WI
~ ALNASIKH
AL NASIKH
those verses
verses of
of AL
AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL KARIM ALJARHWAL
AL JARH WAL TA'DILTA`DIL
whose contents have revoked a meaning in a science ~hich
which seeks to investigate the
another verse, which is therefore called AL /µldrrh in order to establish their
reporters of hadith
MANSUKH trustworthiness or untrustworthiness
48 49
hardship u.:,1).1d1 RASM AL
AL RASM AL QUR' A.NI
QUR'ANI
Qur'anic calligraphy and orthography
the QueNnic
~
CA. YAQfN
YAQIN apodeictic certainty
apodeictic certainty of
of the truth
of Islam and its claims
of MUHKAM, AL MUT
AL MUHKAM, ASHABAH
MUTASHABAH
prescriptions are specific and
the verses whose prescriptions
precise (AL MUHKAM);
MU_l;IKAM); inin contrast
contrast to those
MUT ASHABAH)whose
(AL MUTASHABAH) whosemeanings
meanings are
are
3. List
3. Listof
ofTerms/Expressions
Terms/Expressions relevant to the
relevant to susceptible to more than one interpretation or
Islamic Sciences. application
a. Sciences
Sciences of
of Al
Al Qur'an
Qur'an al Karim
Karim
ALT
AL AFSIR BIL MA'THUR
TAFSIR
exegesis of
QUR' ANby bymeans
means of
of traditions
~_,11 flI AL
(•%• AL WAHY
WAHY received from Prophet (~AAS)
the Prophet
from the (SAAS) and his
verbatim· revelation of a verse or more
verbatim
companions (RAA)
companions (RAA) ·
containing aa message from ALLAH
message from ALLAH (SWT) to
the Prophet, as in
inthe
thecase
caseof
ofAL
ALQUR' AN AL
QUR'AN
KARIM AL TAFSlR
TAFSIR BIL RA'Y
QUR'AN by
by means
means of free
of the mind
exercise of
.J.a
~' - 1.-: -
u:-'>' TARTIL, TAJWID
intoned recitation of Qur'anic
Quednic text
·l :11 J• 1..:....c.1
u~ . •
I'JAZ AL
I`JAZ AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN
inimitabilityof
ofAL
ALQUR'
QUR'AN AN AL
..J_ro.1 ~ SAB'ATU Al;IRUFIN
SABÀTU AHRUFIN
which gives evidence of
KARIM, which of its divine
seven renderings or ways of pronouncing
provenance
certain words
certain words in
in the
the Qur'anic
QurInic text
b. Sciences
Sciences of the liaclith
1fadlth
111 ‘,4-1
,1")
J,,~I "':-'~1 ASBAB AL NUZUL
the situational contexts in which each of the
verses of
of AL QUR'AN AL AL KARIM
KARIM was 74.21 RIWAYAH AL HADITH
revealed the reporting ofof words,
words, deeds, descriptions,
attitudes of
attitudes of the ProphetMu~ammad
theProphet Muhammad(~AAS)(AAS)
AL MAKKT,
MAKKT, AL AL MADANI
MADANT
said of the verses revealed in Makkah al 41,41.)J DIRAYAH AL HADITHHADITH
Mukarramah or in al al Madlnah
Madinah al
al Munawwarah,
Munawwarah, the studies pertaining to the validity of the
resp. reporting and of what is reported about the
Prophet (~AAS)
Prophet (SAAS)
c_11,1.11 FAWATIH
FAWATIH AL AL SUWAR
SUWAR
the letters of
of the Arabic alphabet
alphabet which stand at ."- -11 L117.) RIJAL
RIJ ALALAL HADlTH
HADITH
the opening of of aa number of suwar l}adfth
a science which studies the reporters of hadith
insofar as they are reporters
• WI
~ ALNASIKH
AL NASIKH
those verses
verses of
of AL
AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN AL KARIM ALJARHWAL
AL JARH WAL TA'DILTA`DIL
whose contents have revoked a meaning in a science ~hich
which seeks to investigate the
another verse, which is therefore called AL /µldrrh in order to establish their
reporters of hadith
MANSUKH trustworthiness or untrustworthiness
48 49
~'
;ILI! ALSUNNAH
AL SUNNAH
the path
path and
and example
example of the Prophet
Prophet
AL HADfTH
AL HADITH AL
any 6adrth
AL HASAN
HASAN
the of the any hadrth whosematn (text) is
whose matn (text) is absolutely
absolutely true,
true,
Muhammad (SAAS),
(SAAS),consisting
consisting of
of all
all that
that he
he but whose
whose reporters
reporters do
Mulpmmad but do not
not pass
pass the
the test
test of
of
said·, did, approved
said, did, approved of, or condemned
of, or condemned complete reliability
complete reliability
'ILAL ALAL HADITH · ... ;11 ~~I AL HADl'rH

ÌLAL HADITH AL HADITH AL ALDA'IF
DAIF
aa science which studies
science which studies the qualities or
the qualities or any 6adnh whose triithfulness (in
any iladith whose truthfulness both text
(in both text
circumstances which
which may
may vitiate
vitiate aa l}adith [matn] and reporters is not
circumstances ktadith [matn] and reporters [sanad])
[sanad]) is not absolutely
absolutely
beyond question.
beyond ql!,estion.There
Thereareare as
as many
many varieties
varieties of
of
MUKHTALAF AL AL HADITH AL DA'IF as there
AL HADITH AL DATF as there are kinds are kinds of
of
MUKHTALAF AL HADiTH
HADITH vitiating characteristics
science which studies the
the apparent
apparent vitiating characteristics affecting
affecting them.
them.
discrepancies between the varying
discrepancies between the varying WA aJµidith
dith with
aa view
view to reconciling them
to reconciling them e4...s..11 ALAL HADITHAL
I:IADTTH MAWDfr
ALMAWDO'
any ~adith spurious
any !path spurious in
in content or sanad
content or sanad
NA.SIKH AL
NASIKH AL HADlTH
HADITH WA WA
MANSUKHUHU
MANSUKHUHU ~ljAll ALMI'RAJ
lyal. I AL MI`RAJ
science which studies those aJµidith whose
those abitdith whose ascension of
ascension of the
the Prophet
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad (SAAS)
(SAAS)
contents have
contents have revoked
revoked the
the meanings
meanings of of other
other to heaven
to heaven and
and return
return in
in
alµldith, or were
tgiadith, or were revoked by them
revoked by them 33 A.H./619
A.H./619 A.C.
A.C.
ALSAHTH
SAHIB
c. Sciences
c. Sciences of
of the
the Shari'ah
Shari'ah
AL
any of
any of the ~ix collections
the six collections ofaJµ:u/ith widely
of ahadith widely
regarded as
regarded as trustworthy-
trustworthy — namely,
namely, those
those of al
of al ill FIQH
FIQH
Bukharf, Muslim,
Bukharf, Muslim, alal Sijistanr,
SijistllnT, al
al Tirmidhi, al
Tirmidhi, al knowledge of
knowledge of Islam
Islam through
through its
its laws;
laws; science
science of
of
Nasa'i and
Nasa'i and Ibn
Ibn Majah
Ml1jah the laws of Islam
the laws of Islam
.ll-11 ALMUSNAD
AL MUSNAD aaii „1. .1 USULFIQH
USUL FIQH
any collection of aJµidith in
in which the al)Qdith
which the abettilth science of Islamic
science of Isllimic jurisprudence,
jurisprudence, or
or the
the
any collection oft:404'th
are arranged according to the reporters
are arranged according to the reporters who who methodology of
methodology of deriving
deriving laws
laws from
from the
the sources
sources
related them
related them -—e.g.,
e.g., Al Musnad of
Al Musnad of Abu
Abil of Islam
of Islam and
and of
of establishing
establishing their
their juristic
juristic or
or
Diwtid, constitutional validity
validity
Dawlid, oror of al Jayilusi, al
of al al Bayhaqiy
Bayhaqiy ibn
ibn constitutional
Mukhlad, or Al)mad ibn
Mukhlad, or AI)mad ibn Hanbal:tJanbal
ALMU'JAM
AL MIPJAM 4.10~t
ili!I USULALFIQH
ap.01 USUL AL FIQH
any collection ofal}Qdithin which
which the the sources of
the sources of Islamic
Islamic law
law
any collection ofahatAthin the individual
individual
items are
items are arranged
arranged alphabetically
alphabetically
AHKAM AL
AHKAM AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN
the prescriptions•directly taken
the prescriptionsdirectly taken from
from the
the
~~' c'b··· MUSTALAH AL
MUSTALAH AL HADTTH
HADlTH
Qur'anic text
Qur'anic text
aa science whi'Ch studies
the methodology
methodology of
of
criticism
l}adilh criticism
iladith
~l~I AL SUNN
AL SUNNAH AH ALAL FI'LIYYAH
FI'LIYY AH
the body of deeds and practices which
the body of deeds and practices which the
the
ttie szi ALHADITH
1 AL :tIADITH AL SA:tiiH
AL $Atillf Prophet (~AAS) taught his
his companions
companions to
to do
any ;path whose veracity
l}adith whose veracity is
is absolutely
absolutely without
without Prophet (SAAS) taught do
any and which
question and which have
have been performed by
been performed by Muslims
Muslims
question ever since
ever since
50
50 51
51
~'
;ILI! ALSUNNAH
AL SUNNAH
the path
path and
and example
example of the Prophet
Prophet
AL HADfTH
AL HADITH AL
any 6adrth
AL HASAN
HASAN
the of the any hadrth whosematn (text) is
whose matn (text) is absolutely
absolutely true,
true,
Muhammad (SAAS),
(SAAS),consisting
consisting of
of all
all that
that he
he but whose
whose reporters
reporters do
Mulpmmad but do not
not pass
pass the
the test
test of
of
said·, did, approved
said, did, approved of, or condemned
of, or condemned complete reliability
complete reliability
'ILAL ALAL HADITH · ... ;11 ~~I AL HADl'rH

ÌLAL HADITH AL HADITH AL ALDA'IF
DAIF
science which studies the qualities or
the qualities or any 6adnh whose triithfulness (in
any iladith whose truthfulness both text
(in both text
circumstances which
which may
may vitiate
vitiate aa l}adith [matn] and reporters is not
circumstances ktadith [matn] and reporters [sanad])
[sanad]) is not absolutely
absolutely
beyond question.
beyond ql!,estion.There
Thereareare as
as many
many varieties
varieties of
of
MUKHTALAF AL AL HADITH AL DA'IF as there
AL HADITH AL DATF as there are kinds are kinds of
of
MUKHTALAF AL HADiTH
HADITH vitiating characteristics
the apparent
apparent vitiating characteristics affecting
affecting them.
them.
discrepancies between the varying
discrepancies between the varying WA aJµidith
dith with
aa view
view to reconciling them
to reconciling them e4...s..11 ALAL HADITHAL
I:IADTTH MAWDfr
ALMAWDO'
any ~adith spurious
any !path spurious in
in content or sanad
content or sanad
NA.SIKH AL
NASIKH AL HADlTH
HADITH WA WA
MANSUKHUHU
MANSUKHUHU ~ljAll ALMI'RAJ
lyal. I AL MI`RAJ
science which studies those aJµidith whose
those abitdith whose ascension of
ascension of the
the Prophet
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad (SAAS)
(SAAS)
contents have
contents have revoked
revoked the
the meanings
meanings of of other
other to heaven
to heaven and
and return
return in
in
alµldith, or were
tgiadith, or were revoked by them
revoked by them 33 A.H./619
A.H./619 A.C.
A.C.
ALSAHTH
SAHIB
c. Sciences
c. Sciences of
of the
the Shari'ah
Shari'ah
AL
any of
any of the ~ix collections
the six collections ofaJµ:u/ith widely
of ahadith widely
regarded as
regarded as trustworthy-
trustworthy — namely,
namely, those
those of al
of al ill FIQH
FIQH
Bukharf, Muslim,
Bukharf, Muslim, alal Sijistanr,
SijistllnT, al
al Tirmidhi, al
Tirmidhi, al knowledge of
knowledge of Islam
Islam through
through its
its laws;
laws; science
science of
of
Nasa'i and
Nasa'i and Ibn
Ibn Majah
Ml1jah the laws of Islam
the laws of Islam
.ll-11 ALMUSNAD
AL MUSNAD aaii „1. .1 USULFIQH
USUL FIQH
any collection of aJµidith in
in which the al)Qdith
which the abettilth science of Islamic
science of Isllimic jurisprudence,
jurisprudence, or
or the
the
any collection oft:404'th
are arranged according to the reporters
are arranged according to the reporters who who methodology of
methodology of deriving
deriving laws
laws from
from the
the sources
sources
related them
related them -—e.g.,
e.g., Al Musnad of
Al Musnad of Abu
Abil of Islam
of Islam and
and of
of establishing
establishing their
their juristic
juristic or
or
Diwtid, constitutional validity
validity
Dawlid, oror of al Jayilusi, al
of al al Bayhaqiy
Bayhaqiy ibn
ibn constitutional
Mukhlad, or Al)mad ibn
Mukhlad, or AI)mad ibn Hanbal:tJanbal
ALMU'JAM
AL MIPJAM 4.10~t
ili!I USULALFIQH
ap.01 USUL AL FIQH
any collection ofal}Qdithin which
which the the sources of
the sources of Islamic
Islamic law
law
any collection ofahatAthin the individual
individual
items are
items are arranged
arranged alphabetically
alphabetically
AHKAM AL
AHKAM AL QUR'AN
QUR'AN
the prescriptions•directly taken
the prescriptionsdirectly taken from
from the
the
~~' c'b··· MUSTALAH AL
MUSTALAH AL HADTTH
HADlTH
Qur'anic text
Qur'anic text
aa science whi'Ch studies
the methodology
methodology of
of
criticism
l}adilh criticism
iladith
~l~I AL SUNN
AL SUNNAH AH ALAL FI'LIYYAH
FI'LIYY AH
the body of deeds and practices which
the body of deeds and practices which the
the
ttie szi ALHADITH
1 AL :tIADITH AL SA:tiiH
AL $Atillf Prophet (~AAS) taught his
his companions
companions to
to do
any ;path whose veracity
l}adith whose veracity is
is absolutely
absolutely without
without Prophet (SAAS) taught do
any and which
question and which have
have been performed by
been performed by Muslims
Muslims
question ever since
ever since
50
50 51
51
.116.111 ;LA ALSUNNAH
AL SUNNAH ALQAWLIYYAH
AL QAWLIYYAH AL'URF
AL 'URF
the body of sayings
sayings of
of the Prophet (~AAS)
the Prophet (SAAS) in the absence of anything
in anything to
to the
the contrary,
contrary,
which contain prescriptions for Muslims derivation of the law from
from the common and
approved mores of a people
AL SUNNAH
SUNNAH AL TAQRJRIYY
TAQRIRIYYAH AH ._.I, . Ot ';ii AL ISTISHAB
ISTII-JAB
~y of alfadith
the body aljadith reporting that the Prophet
Prophel conti~~ation of an established law not
the continuation
(~AAS) had approved or disapproved,
(SAAS) known
known to have
have been revoked or rescinded
commended or condemned certain types of
conduct
AL WAJIB
the law or deed which is obligatory
l......i..11 ...... l.lll
WI AL MADHAHIB (s. MADHHAB) AL
KHAMSAH
the five schols of Islamic law MANDUB
AL MANDUB
the law or deed which is commended and
expected
t I ALUMA'
AL IJMA`
of Islamic law
consensus as a source of
o_,..fo.11 ALAL
6./..)-C11 MAKRUH
MAKRUH
the law or deed which
which is
is condemned
condemned and
I AL IJMA' AL SARIH discouraged
the clearly expressed consensus
AL HARAM
ALHARAM
rll t.1.4...?..V I AL IJMA' AL SUKUTI
SUKUTi l~w or deed which is
the law is prohibited
the consensus established by
by the
the jurists' not
objecting to the derivation of a certain
pre~iption from a given source
prescription D WI AL MUBAH
ALMUBAH
which stands
stands in
in no
no other
other
category, and which
which is,is, therefore,
therefbre, neither
'-"' -
UJI ALQIYAS
AL QIYAS
logical deduction
logical deduction from
fromAL
ALOUR'
QUR'ANAN AL
legitimate nor illegitimate
KARIM and
KARIM and the
the SUNNAH
SUNN AHas
as source
source of
of Islamic
.4.9 ..11 AL HUDUD
I;IUDUD (s. ~ADD)
(s. I-JADD)
law
the specific punishment assigned
specific punishmenf assigned to
to prohibited
prohibited
deeds by
by ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) oror the Prophet
ALIJTIHAD
J141' I AL IJTIHAD (~AAS)-
(SAAS) — namely,
namely, intoxication,
intoxication, theft,
theft, armed
creative self-exertion to derive laws from the adultery, false accusation of adultery,
rebellion, adultery, adultery,
legitimate sources and apostasy
%J..4,11 I AL MASALIH AL MURSALAH 0.0i....411 AL QISAS

ALQIYAS
public welfare
welfare"neither
neither commanded nor punishment -— both
both retributive and
prohibited in any Islamic source, as source of
prohibited in compensatory-
compensatory — for
for homicide
homicide and
and injury to
Islamic law humans
I ALISTIHSAN
AL ISTRISAN AL TA'AZTR
TA'AZIR
as source of Islamic
Isl5mic law,
law, the
the acceptance of
of a rule discretionary punishments decided by the
because of its superior equity in comparison Islamic judiciary as worthy of the offence in
with an already established law question
52 53
.116.111 ;LA ALSUNNAH
AL SUNNAH ALQAWLIYYAH
AL QAWLIYYAH AL'URF
AL 'URF
the body of sayings
sayings of
of the Prophet (~AAS)
the Prophet (SAAS) in the absence of anything
in anything to
to the
the contrary,
contrary,
which contain prescriptions for Muslims derivation of the law from
from the common and
approved mores of a people
AL SUNNAH
SUNNAH AL TAQRJRIYY
TAQRIRIYYAH AH ._.I, . Ot ';ii AL ISTISHAB
ISTII-JAB
~y of alfadith
the body aljadith reporting that the Prophet
Prophel conti~~ation of an established law not
the continuation
(~AAS) had approved or disapproved,
(SAAS) known
known to have
have been revoked or rescinded
commended or condemned certain types of
conduct
AL WAJIB
the law or deed which is obligatory
l......i..11 ...... l.lll
WI AL MADHAHIB (s. MADHHAB) AL
KHAMSAH
the five schols of Islamic law MANDUB
AL MANDUB
the law or deed which is commended and
expected
t I ALUMA'
AL IJMA`
of Islamic law
consensus as a source of
o_,..fo.11 ALAL
6./..)-C11 MAKRUH
MAKRUH
which is
is condemned
condemned and
I AL IJMA' AL SARIH discouraged
the clearly expressed consensus
AL HARAM
ALHARAM
rll t.1.4...?..V I AL IJMA' AL SUKUTI
SUKUTi l~w or deed which is
the law is prohibited
the consensus established by
by the
the jurists' not
objecting to the derivation of a certain
pre~iption from a given source
prescription D WI AL MUBAH
ALMUBAH
which stands
stands in
in no
no other
other
category, and which
which is,is, therefore,
therefbre, neither
'-"' -
UJI ALQIYAS
AL QIYAS
logical deduction
logical deduction from
fromAL
ALOUR'
QUR'ANAN AL
legitimate nor illegitimate
KARIM and
KARIM and the
the SUNNAH
SUNN AHas
as source
source of
of Islamic
.4.9 ..11 AL HUDUD
I;IUDUD (s. ~ADD)
(s. I-JADD)
law
the specific punishment assigned
specific punishmenf assigned to
to prohibited
prohibited
deeds by
by ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) oror the Prophet
ALIJTIHAD
J141' I AL IJTIHAD (~AAS)-
(SAAS) — namely,
namely, intoxication,
intoxication, theft,
theft, armed
creative self-exertion to derive laws from the adultery, false accusation of adultery,
rebellion, adultery, adultery,
legitimate sources and apostasy
%J..4,11 I AL MASALIH AL MURSALAH 0.0i....411 AL QISAS

ALQIYAS
public welfare
welfare"neither
neither commanded nor punishment -— both
both retributive and
prohibited in any Islamic source, as source of
prohibited in compensatory-
compensatory — for
for homicide
homicide and
and injury to
Islamic law humans
I ALISTIHSAN
AL ISTRISAN AL TA'AZTR
TA'AZIR
as source of Islamic
Isl5mic law,
law, the
the acceptance of
of a rule discretionary punishments decided by the
because of its superior equity in comparison Islamic judiciary as worthy of the offence in
with an already established law question
52 53
isk..141 MAQASID
MAQASID AL AL SHARI'
SHARIÀH AH
the ultimate purposes
purposes of of all
all Islamic
Islamic law
law -—
tfi.J IUIK0'
RUKO'
the ultimate kncdini::.
namely, religion, life,
life, reason,
reason, honor
honor and
and wealth kneeling, i::cnufkction
genuflection in inSA LAH . The
SALMI. The singular
singular
namely, religion, wealth (RAK'AI I) refers to
I) refers to one
one genuflection
genuflection in
in the
(RAK'Al the
roursc of
course the SA
of the SALAll
LAH
AL
AL DHA WQ AL ALSHAR'l
Ls...1111
. La.411 the
DHAWQ
intuitive, well
SHARI
well informed
informed and
and critical
critical faculty
faculty
the intuitive, J~ SUHJD
by which the judge arrives at solutions/verdicts St 1.10D
by which the judge arrives at solutions/verdicts prostration allowing the
which prostration allowing the forchea<l
forehead to touch the
to touch the
which fulfill
fulfill completely
completely oror give
give closest
closest floor. as practiced in SALAH . The singular is
is
approx_!mation floor, as practiced in SALAH . The singular
approximation of of the
the ultimate
ultimate purposes
purposes of of the
the SAJDAH
SHARI' AH SAJDAH
SHARIÀH
J_,.o QU'UD
QU'UD
clj...42V1 ael _OA AL
AL QA WA'ID AL
QAWA'ID ALU~OLIYY
UOLIYYAH AH sitting down
sitting down during
during SALAH
SALAH
the general rules of juristic deduction,
the general rules of juristic deduction, whether
whether
linguistic
linguistic or
or contentual
contentual
~ TASLTM
TASLTM
~I .lL 1_,ill termination
termination ofof the SALAH with
the SALAH with the
the salutation,
salutation,
14.1.111 acljill ALAL QAW A'ID
QAWA'ID ALALFIQHIYYAH
FIQHIYY AH
"Al salilmu alaykum wa rahmah Allahw
The
The general
general principles
principles followed
followed in
in legal
legal process
process Al salamu alaykum wa rahmah Allah"
addressed
addressed inin aa low
low voice
voice to the tight
to the tight and
and the
the left
left
4. list of
4. List ofIslamic
Islamic Devotional and Social
Devotional and Social Terms/
Terms/ ._,.;.~t
0.isal I b~
e SALAH AL
SALAH AL FARD
FARP
Expressions
Expressions the ritual of SALAH which the
the SHARIÀH
SHARI'AH
the ritual of SALAH which
WUDU' regards as
regards commendable but
as commendable but not
not obligatory
obligatory
WUDO'
ablutions
ablutions
i.....JI b~ SALAH AL
SALAH SUNNAH
AL SUNNAH
. ,, .o. MUSH AF the ritual
ritual of
of SALAH which the
MUSHAF the SALAH which the SHARI'
SHARIÀH AH
aa copy
copy of
of AL
AL QUR'AN
QUID\N AL
AL KARIM
KARiM regards as obligatory but
regards as obligatory but whose
whose neglect
neglect it
it does
does
not regard as
not regard as punishable
punishable
ZU QIBLAH
QIBLAH
" the direction of
the direction of Makkah
Makkah al
al Mukarramah
Mukarramah illl.:Jt b~
.11.i1.111 SALAH
SALAH AL NAFILAH
AL NAFILAH
the ritual of SALAH which the
the ritual of SALAH which the SHARIAH
SHARii\H
regards
regards as
as commendable
commendable but
but not
not obligatory
obligatory
ul as MIHRAB
MIHRAB
the
the niche indicating direction
niche indicating direction of Makkah
of Makkah
4111 IST A WU Y
ISTAWU ARljAMUKUM ALLAH
YARHAMUKUM ALLAH..
Straighten
Straighten your
your rows;
rows; may
may Allah show you
Allah show you His
His
~ 'IMMAH
41c 'IMMAH
head-covering mercy
mercy (said by the
(said by the IMAM
IMAM inin preparation
preparation for
for
head-covering
SALAH).
SALAH).
--
~ JUBBAH
JUBBAH INNA
INNA ALLAH
ALLAH WA WA MALA'
MALA' IKATAHU
IKATAHU
outer
outer covering
covering clothes
clothes YU$ALLUNA i\LA AL
YUSALLUNA 'ALA AL NABIYY.
NABIYY. YA YA
A YYUHA ALLADHINA
AYYUHA ALLADHINA AMANC AMANO §ALLO-
SALLU
...a_,i.J WUQOF
WUQUF 'ALA YHI WA SALLIMU
ALAYHI WA SALLIMU TASLTMAN. T ASLIMAN.
standing
standing up
up in SALAH
in SALAH Allah
Allah and
and His
His angels
angelsbless
blessthe
theProphet.
Prophet.O0
believers, invoke
believers, invoke Allah's blessings and
Allah's blessings and peace
peace
54
54 55
55
isk..141 MAQASID
MAQASID AL AL SHARI'
SHARIÀH AH
the ultimate purposes
purposes of of all
all Islamic
Islamic law
law -—
tfi.J IUIK0'
RUKO'
the ultimate kncdini::.
namely, religion, life,
life, reason,
reason, honor
honor and
and wealth kneeling, i::cnufkction
genuflection in inSA LAH . The
SALMI. The singular
singular
namely, religion, wealth (RAK'AI I) refers to
I) refers to one
one genuflection
genuflection in
in the
(RAK'Al the
roursc of
course the SA
of the SALAll
LAH
AL
AL DHA WQ AL ALSHAR'l
Ls...1111
. La.411 the
DHAWQ
intuitive, well
SHARI
well informed
informed and
and critical
critical faculty
faculty
the intuitive, J~ SUHJD
by which the judge arrives at solutions/verdicts St 1.10D
by which the judge arrives at solutions/verdicts prostration allowing the
which prostration allowing the forchea<l
forehead to touch the
to touch the
which fulfill
fulfill completely
completely oror give
give closest
closest floor. as practiced in SALAH . The singular is
is
approx_!mation floor, as practiced in SALAH . The singular
approximation of of the
the ultimate
ultimate purposes
purposes of of the
the SAJDAH
SHARI' AH SAJDAH
SHARIÀH
J_,.o QU'UD
QU'UD
clj...42V1 ael _OA AL
AL QA WA'ID AL
QAWA'ID ALU~OLIYY
UOLIYYAH AH sitting down
sitting down during
during SALAH
SALAH
the general rules of juristic deduction,
the general rules of juristic deduction, whether
whether
linguistic
linguistic or
or contentual
contentual
~ TASLTM
TASLTM
~I .lL 1_,ill termination
termination ofof the SALAH with
the SALAH with the
the salutation,
salutation,
14.1.111 acljill ALAL QAW A'ID
QAWA'ID ALALFIQHIYYAH
FIQHIYY AH
"Al salilmu alaykum wa rahmah Allahw
The
The general
general principles
principles followed
followed in
in legal
legal process
process Al salamu alaykum wa rahmah Allah"
addressed
addressed inin aa low
low voice
voice to the tight
to the tight and
and the
the left
left
4. list of
4. List ofIslamic
Islamic Devotional and Social
Devotional and Social Terms/
Terms/ ._,.;.~t
0.isal I b~
e SALAH AL
SALAH AL FARD
FARP
Expressions
Expressions the ritual of SALAH which the
the SHARIÀH
SHARI'AH
the ritual of SALAH which
WUDU' regards as
regards commendable but
as commendable but not
not obligatory
obligatory
WUDO'
ablutions
ablutions
i.....JI b~ SALAH AL
SALAH SUNNAH
AL SUNNAH
. ,, .o. MUSH AF the ritual
ritual of
of SALAH which the
MUSHAF the SALAH which the SHARI'
SHARIÀH AH
aa copy
copy of
of AL
AL QUR'AN
QUID\N AL
AL KARIM
KARiM regards as obligatory but
regards as obligatory but whose
whose neglect
neglect it
it does
does
not regard as
not regard as punishable
punishable
ZU QIBLAH
QIBLAH
" the direction of
the direction of Makkah
Makkah al
al Mukarramah
Mukarramah illl.:Jt b~
.11.i1.111 SALAH
SALAH AL NAFILAH
AL NAFILAH
the ritual of SALAH which the
the ritual of SALAH which the SHARIAH
SHARii\H
regards
regards as
as commendable
commendable but
but not
not obligatory
obligatory
ul as MIHRAB
MIHRAB
the
the niche indicating direction
niche indicating direction of Makkah
of Makkah
4111 IST A WU Y
ISTAWU ARljAMUKUM ALLAH
YARHAMUKUM ALLAH..
Straighten
Straighten your
your rows;
rows; may
may Allah show you
Allah show you His
His
~ 'IMMAH
41c 'IMMAH
head-covering mercy
mercy (said by the
(said by the IMAM
IMAM inin preparation
preparation for
for
head-covering
SALAH).
SALAH).
--
~ JUBBAH
JUBBAH INNA
INNA ALLAH
ALLAH WA WA MALA'
MALA' IKATAHU
IKATAHU
outer
outer covering
covering clothes
clothes YU$ALLUNA i\LA AL
YUSALLUNA 'ALA AL NABIYY.
NABIYY. YA YA
A YYUHA ALLADHINA
AYYUHA ALLADHINA AMANC AMANO §ALLO-
SALLU
...a_,i.J WUQOF
WUQUF 'ALA YHI WA SALLIMU
ALAYHI WA SALLIMU TASLTMAN. T ASLIMAN.
standing
standing up
up in SALAH
in SALAH Allah
Allah and
and His
His angels
angelsbless
blessthe
theProphet.
Prophet.O0
believers, invoke
believers, invoke Allah's blessings and
Allah's blessings and peace
peace
54
54 55
55
upon the
upon the Prophet
Prophet (said
(said by
by the
the IMAM
IMAM in in the
the
\ <lll 'JI 4-l! 'J LA ILAHA
LA
LAH
ILAHA ILLA
. LAHU
ILLA ALLAH.
AL
ALLAH. LA
MULK
LAH. LAHU AL MULK WA LAHU WA
LA SHARIKA
LAHU AL AL
course
course of
of the
the KHUTBAH
KHUTBAH,. to
congregation responds
congregation responds in
to which
in aa low
which the
low voice
the
voice with
with the
the
\
' ~I
4..l d._r:. 'J
4..lJ d.111 4..l
HAMD. WA
IJAMD.
QADiR .
QADIR.
WA HUWA
HUWA 'ALA:A.LA KULLI
KULLI SHAY'IN
SHAY'IN
proper invocation).
proper invocation) . There
There isis no
no God
God but
but Allah
Allah.. He
He has
has no
no
>.' .l.i ' :;. J$ JL Y'J associates . To
associates. To Him
Him belong all dominion,
belong all and all
dominion, and all
ASTAGHFIRU ALLAH praise. His might passes all things (said on all
praise. His might passes all things (said on all
j 4.111 .1 ASTAGHFIRU ALLAH Li WA LAKUM.
LI WA LAKUM.
occasions).
II seek ALLAH·s forgiveness
forgiveness for
for you
you and
and for
for occasions).
seek ALLAH's
me. Do
me. Do seek
seek HisHis forgiveness
forgiveness (said
(said by
by the
the IMAM
IMAM
at the
at the el_!.d
end of of the
the first
first KHUTBAH
KHUTBAH on on Friday
Friday and
and SUBHANA ALLAH
SUBHANA ALLAH WA WA BI BI HAMDIH
HAMDIH..
O\} the
oil 'Id day).
the 'Id day) . The
The congregation
congregation is
is to respond
to respond All pr"aise
All praise belings
belings to
to Allah
Allah;; and
and all
all thanksgiving
thanksgiving
with aa plea
with plea for
for ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) toto grant
grant (said on
(said on all
all occasions).
occasions) .
forgiveness (ISTAGHFIRUH)
forgiveness (ISTAGHFIRUH)..
LA HAWLA
LA HAWLA WA WA LA LA QUWWATA
QUWWATA ILLA ILLA
INNlDA'IN
.E I .1 , 5:04 INNT DAIN FA FA AMMINU
AMMINU.. BILLAH.
BILLAH. .
II shall
shall now
now invoke
invoke ALLAH
ALLAH.. Follow
Follow my
my prayer
prayer There is
There is neither strength nor
neither strength nor power
power except
except
with "Amin"
with "Amin" (said
(said at the end
at the end of
of the
the through ALLAH
through ALLAH (said
(said whenever
whenever one meets
one meets
KHUTBAH or
KHUTBAH or after
after the
the SALAH,
SA LAH, before
before with aa superior
with superior power
power ofof any
any kind)
kind)..
reciting
reciting invocations).
invocations).
~1 LI
441 l:.1.J, all
<ll l:.I• INNA LILLAHI
INNA LILLAHI WA WA INNA ILA YHI
INNA ILAYHI
-
4111 BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH AL RAHMAN AL
AL RAtIMAN AL RAHIM.
RAHiM. RAJI'UN .
RAJPUN.
.11
In
In the Name of
the Name of Allah,
Allah, the.Beneficent
the Beneficent,, the
the· :. LL:>.'
~-;-,) We
We belong
belong to Allah and
to Allah and to
to Him
Him we
we shall
shall all
all
Merciful
Merciful (said
(said at
at the beginning of
the beginning of any
any activity).
activity). return (said
return (said whenever
whenever one
one meets
meets with
with tragedy,
tragedy,
loss or
loss or sorrow).
sorrow).
<ll~I AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU LILLAHI
LILLAHI or or AL
AL HAMDU
HAMDU
~WI 411 ~I
41.2..11 "':"-> <ll LILLAHI
LILLAHI RABBRABB AL ALÀLAMTN
'ALAMIN . <lll~
~J 4111 11"•••••
. tJ.ASBUN~ ALLAHU
tIASBUNA ALLAHU WA WA NPMA
NI'MA
Praise e-2-:`,3
Praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving toto ALLAH, Lord of
ALLAH, Lord of
~_,JI
AL WAICTL.
AL WAKIL. •
the universe
the universe (said
(said at
at the termination of
the termination of any
any Sufficient unto
Sufficient unto us
us isis ALLAH. He is
ALLAH. He is the best
the best
activity).
activity). Guardian (said
Guardian (said whenever
whenever one
one reckons
reckons oror is
is
reckoned with).
reckoned with).
<lll u·6........,
. SUBIJANA ALLAH.
ALLAH.
SUBIIANA
May Allah
May Allah be praised (said
be praised (said on
on all
all occasions)
occasions) A'UDHUBILLAHI
AJJDHU BILLAHIMIN MIN ALAL SHAYTAN
SHA YTAN
AL RAJIM.
AL RAJTM. •
SUBflANAHU WA WA TAALA.
TA'.ALA. (SWT)
(SWT) II take
take refuge
refuge in
in ALLAH
ALLAH fromfrom accursed
accursed Satan
Satan
SUBHANAHU (said whenever
May He
May He be praised and
be praised and may
may His
His transcendence
transcendence (said whenever one
one feels
feels himself
himself threatened in
threatened in
be affirmed
affirmed (said
(said on
on all
all occasions). any way).
any way).
be occasions).
<lll 'JI ~I 'J

a111VIiJIY LA ILAHA
LA ILAHA ILLA
ILLA ALLAH.
ALLAH. JL l"")L...JIJ b~I
)1.....=.11 AL
AL SALA
VkLATUTU WALWALSALAMU
SALAMU'ALA 'ALA _
There is no God SA YYIDINA MUHAMMAD
SAYYIDINA MUIIAMMAD WA' ALA
WA 'ALA
but Allah (said
There is no God but Allah (said on
on all
all jLJ~L.~
occasions). ALIHI WA
ALIHI WA SAHBIHI
SAHBiHI AJMA`TN.
AJMA'lN .
occasions). May
~1~_,~T May the
the peace
peace and blessings of
and blessings of ALLAH
ALLAH be be on
on
4-11
t:1.16111 our master
master Muhammad,
Muhammad, on on his
his kin
kin and
and all
all his
his
our
~, <lll ALLAHU AKBAR.
4.1.11 ALLAHU AKBAR. companions (said on all occasions). In
companions (said on all occasions). In
Allah is Greater than all
Allah is Greater than all (said
(said on
on all
all occasions).
occasions). conjunction with the preceding phrase,
conjunction with the preceding phrase, it it opens
opens
any speech,.
any speech,. essay
essay or
or activity
activity..
56
57
57
56
upon the
upon the Prophet
Prophet (said
(said by
by the
the IMAM
IMAM in in the
the
\ <lll 'JI 4-l! 'J LA ILAHA
LA
LAH
ILAHA ILLA
. LAHU
ILLA ALLAH.
AL
ALLAH. LA
MULK
LAH. LAHU AL MULK WA LAHU WA
LA SHARIKA
LAHU AL AL
course
course of
of the
the KHUTBAH
KHUTBAH,. to
congregation responds
congregation responds in
to which
in aa low
which the
low voice
the
voice with
with the
the
\
' ~I
4..l d._r:. 'J
4..lJ d.111 4..l
HAMD. WA
IJAMD.
QADiR .
QADIR.
WA HUWA
HUWA 'ALA:A.LA KULLI
KULLI SHAY'IN
SHAY'IN
proper invocation).
proper invocation) . There
There isis no
no God
God but
but Allah
Allah.. He
He has
has no
no
>.' .l.i ' :;. J$ JL Y'J associates . To
associates. To Him
Him belong all dominion,
belong all and all
dominion, and all
ASTAGHFIRU ALLAH praise. His might passes all things (said on all
praise. His might passes all things (said on all
j 4.111 .1 ASTAGHFIRU ALLAH Li WA LAKUM.
LI WA LAKUM.
occasions).
II seek ALLAH·s forgiveness
forgiveness for
for you
you and
and for
for occasions).
seek ALLAH's
me. Do
me. Do seek
seek HisHis forgiveness
forgiveness (said
(said by
by the
the IMAM
IMAM
at the
at the el_!.d
end of of the
the first
first KHUTBAH
KHUTBAH on on Friday
Friday and
and SUBHANA ALLAH
SUBHANA ALLAH WA WA BI BI HAMDIH
HAMDIH..
O\} the
oil 'Id day).
the 'Id day) . The
The congregation
congregation is
is to respond
to respond All pr"aise
All praise belings
belings to
to Allah
Allah;; and
and all
all thanksgiving
thanksgiving
with aa plea
with plea for
for ALLAH
ALLAH (SWT)(SWT) toto grant
grant (said on
(said on all
all occasions).
occasions) .
forgiveness (ISTAGHFIRUH)
forgiveness (ISTAGHFIRUH)..
LA HAWLA
LA HAWLA WA WA LA LA QUWWATA
QUWWATA ILLA ILLA
INNlDA'IN
.E I .1 , 5:04 INNT DAIN FA FA AMMINU
AMMINU.. BILLAH.
BILLAH. .
II shall
shall now
now invoke
invoke ALLAH
ALLAH.. Follow
Follow my
my prayer
prayer There is
There is neither strength nor
neither strength nor power
power except
except
with "Amin"
with "Amin" (said
(said at the end
at the end of
of the
the through ALLAH
through ALLAH (said
(said whenever
whenever one meets
one meets
KHUTBAH or
KHUTBAH or after
after the
the SALAH,
SA LAH, before
before with aa superior
with superior power
power ofof any
any kind)
kind)..
reciting
reciting invocations).
invocations).
~1 LI
441 l:.1.J, all
<ll l:.I• INNA LILLAHI
INNA LILLAHI WA WA INNA ILA YHI
INNA ILAYHI
-
4111 BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH AL RAHMAN AL
AL RAtIMAN AL RAHIM.
RAHiM. RAJI'UN .
RAJPUN.
.11
In
In the Name of
the Name of Allah,
Allah, the.Beneficent
the Beneficent,, the
the· :. LL:>.'
~-;-,) We
We belong
belong to Allah and
to Allah and to
to Him
Him we
we shall
shall all
all
Merciful
Merciful (said
(said at
at the beginning of
the beginning of any
any activity).
activity). return (said
return (said whenever
whenever one
one meets
meets with
with tragedy,
tragedy,
loss or
loss or sorrow).
sorrow).
<ll~I AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU LILLAHI
LILLAHI or or AL
AL HAMDU
HAMDU
~WI 411 ~I
41.2..11 "':"-> <ll LILLAHI
LILLAHI RABBRABB AL ALÀLAMTN
'ALAMIN . <lll~
~J 4111 11"•••••
. tJ.ASBUN~ ALLAHU
tIASBUNA ALLAHU WA WA NPMA
NI'MA
Praise e-2-:`,3
Praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving toto ALLAH, Lord of
ALLAH, Lord of
~_,JI
AL WAICTL.
AL WAKIL. •
the universe
the universe (said
(said at
at the termination of
the termination of any
any Sufficient unto
Sufficient unto us
us isis ALLAH. He is
ALLAH. He is the best
the best
activity).
activity). Guardian (said
Guardian (said whenever
whenever one
one reckons
reckons oror is
is
reckoned with).
reckoned with).
<lll u·6........,
. SUBIJANA ALLAH.
ALLAH.
SUBIIANA
May Allah
May Allah be praised (said
be praised (said on
on all
all occasions)
occasions) A'UDHUBILLAHI
AJJDHU BILLAHIMIN MIN ALAL SHAYTAN
SHA YTAN
AL RAJIM.
AL RAJTM. •
SUBflANAHU WA WA TAALA.
TA'.ALA. (SWT)
(SWT) II take
take refuge
refuge in
in ALLAH
ALLAH fromfrom accursed
accursed Satan
Satan
SUBHANAHU (said whenever
May He
May He be praised and
be praised and may
may His
His transcendence
transcendence (said whenever one
one feels
feels himself
himself threatened in
threatened in
be affirmed
affirmed (said
(said on
on all
all occasions). any way).
any way).
be occasions).
<lll 'JI ~I 'J

a111VIiJIY LA ILAHA
LA ILAHA ILLA
ILLA ALLAH.
ALLAH. JL l"")L...JIJ b~I
)1.....=.11 AL
AL SALA
VkLATUTU WALWALSALAMU
SALAMU'ALA 'ALA _
There is no God SA YYIDINA MUHAMMAD
SAYYIDINA MUIIAMMAD WA' ALA
WA 'ALA
but Allah (said
There is no God but Allah (said on
on all
all jLJ~L.~
occasions). ALIHI WA
ALIHI WA SAHBIHI
SAHBiHI AJMA`TN.
AJMA'lN .
occasions). May
~1~_,~T May the
the peace
peace and blessings of
and blessings of ALLAH
ALLAH be be on
on
4-11
t:1.16111 our master
master Muhammad,
Muhammad, on on his
his kin
kin and
and all
all his
his
our
~, <lll ALLAHU AKBAR.
4.1.11 ALLAHU AKBAR. companions (said on all occasions). In
companions (said on all occasions). In
Allah is Greater than all
Allah is Greater than all (said
(said on
on all
all occasions).
occasions). conjunction with the preceding phrase,
conjunction with the preceding phrase, it it opens
opens
any speech,.
any speech,. essay
essay or
or activity
activity..
56
57
57
56
'ALA YHI WA
ALLAHU 'ALAYHI
SALLA ALLAHU SALLAM .
WA SALLAM. ARHAM AL
YA ARIJAM RAHIMTN.
AL RAI:HMIN.
peace and
May the peace of ALLAH
blessing of
and blessing ALLAH be be upon
upon mostMerciful
0Omost of all
Merciful of (~aid whenever
all (said one needs
whenever one needs
him whenever the
(said whenever
him (said name of
the name the Prophet
of the Prophet help)!
help)!
($AAS) is
Muhammad (SAAS)
Muhammad mentioned, or
is mentioned, or
whenever he is referred to as the Prophet of
whenever he is referred to as the Prophet of •.JLJ.ll
kla b.:i.& k.)
.111 6;1A '-:-'J r+"I
.) OBI ALLAHUMMA! RABBA
ALLAHUMMA! HADHIHLAL
RABBA HADHIHI AL
ALLAH).
ALLAH). Wlill i;~I_, t..l:A.11 DA`WAH AL TAMMAH WAL SALAH
DA'WAH AL TAMMAH WAL SALAH AL AL
Z.Z1111 ;41.01.111 QA'IMAH, ATI MUl;l~MMADAN AL
ATI MUIJAMMADAN AL
SHA;\ ALLAH. ~1_,~11~..:.T WASILAHWALFA l;>ILAH, WAWA_
4111 oLtl.,. MA SHA'A ALLAH.
How wonderful
wonderful are of ALLAH
works of
the works
are the (said
ALLAH (said - - ,
WASILAH
IWATHHU
WAL FAMAH,
MAQAMAN MAHMUDAN
IB'ATHHU MAQAMAN MAHMUDAN
whenever one something good)!
witnesses something
one witnesses good)! IIJ~
49.41.-va LAIL ~I_,
Loli.. awls ALLADHIWA'AD
ALLADHI WA'ADTAH. TAH. •
O Allah! Lord of this perfect call,
0 Allah! Lord of this perfect call, of this
of this
G~.J (':?lll
sail Grant
performed! Grant
u! worship ritual to be
ritual to be performed!
<lll ~w. IN SHA'A
IN ALLAH .
SHA'A ALLAH. Muhammad strength virtue and
and virtue
strength and the great
and the great
Muhammad
If
If ALLAH willswills itit (said whenever one
(said whenever refers to
one refers to place honour whic~
of honour
place of which You
You promised (said after
promised (said after
future) .
the future).
the hearing aa complete
hearing complete ADHAN.
ADHAN.
':?J~ J c-rli_gt)
c.r!-1 ;~.) RABBI ISHRAU LISADRIWA
ISHRAl;-I LI SADRTWA YASSIR YASSIR LI LT
4.11'JY ..
.JI 1£.J .;:...;1 t4.111
r+"I ALLAHUMMA ANTA
ALLAHUMMA RABBI. LA
ANTA RABBI. ILAHA
LA ILAHA
AMRTWA
AMRT UHLUL 'UQDATAN
WA UHLUL AJODATAN MIN MIN 'ALAYKATAWAK
ANT. ÀLAYKA
ILLA ANT. KALI_U
':?.>A I J :,_......J LISANTY AFQAHU OAWLT.
LIPliNTYAFQAHU QA WLT. ~Y~·
4.1t. . .;:...;1'JI
ILLA TAWAKKALTU
me my
for me vision and
my vision my
ease my
WA ANTA RABB AL'
ANTA RABB ARSH AL'
AL ÀRSH AL A?JM.
ÀIM.
-UL Jb.
~L....J i:,... i; sik. I_, Expand for
My Lord! Expand and ease ALLAH,You Youareareindeed Lord. There
my Lord.
indeedmy is
There is
J14, they ut_,.a.I I ..rt) .;:...; I_,
'-:-'J yls 0OALLAH,
task. Make me
task . Make strong of
me strong expression, that
of expression, that they but You
no God but . Upon You I depend,
You. Upon You I depend, You, You,
- I -·
J_,,a~ may clearly understand
understand me (said at
me (said the opening
at the opening ~I the great
of the
Lord of throne (said
great throne whenever one
(said whenever
telio.11 Lord one
of any speech).
of any speech). sets out
sets an activity).
for an
out for activity).
~1I ,?.l_,
u1 t.:.l_,c.J Y1,3 WA AKHIRU
WA ANNA AL
DAWANA ANNA
AKHIRU D.NWANA AL AL SALAMU 'ALA YKUM WA
SALAMU ÀLAYKUM WA RAI;IMAH
RAHMAH
{IAMDA LILLAHI RABB
HAMDA LILLAHI AI..:ALAMfN.
RABB AUALAMtN.
<ll
011.£.! I '-:-'J 4.1.1 praise ALLAH.
Our concluding statement
statement is that "All
is that "All praise May the blessing and mercy of
and mercy. ALLAH be
of,ALLAH be upon
upon
and thanksgiving belong to ALLAH,
belong to ALLAH, Lord of
Lord of Mushm;
meets aa Muslim;
Mushm meets
(said at end of
the end any speech,
of any you (said whenever aa Muslim
(said whenever
universe (said
the universe
the at the speech, or
house or
activity).
or activity).
meeting or
also whenever enters aa house
Muslim enters
whenever aa Muslim
meeting room) .
room).
':?lll <lll ~1 ASTAGHFIR ALLAH ALLAH ALLADHIALLADHILA LA

, ALHAYY AL ~J.J l")L...JI ~.J 'ALA YKUM AL
WA 'ALAYKUM SALAM WA
AL SALAM WA_
ILAHA ILLAILLAHUWA
HUWA. AL HAYY AL ALLAH WA BARAKATUH .
~I>" VI
'JI all 'J
.JI 'Y QAYYCJM, WA WAATUBUIL 0
AYH . G ts:>.'.J <ll 1 RAHMAH ALLAH WA BARAKATUH.
OAYYGM, ATUBU ILAYH. 4111 May' the blessing, mercy
May the grace
and the
mercy and of God
grace of God
forgiveness of ALLAH, other
of ALLAH, than
°1 '-:-'Yl.J l"~I
44;J!
the forgiveness
I seek the other than be upon you .
Living , the
the Living, Active, be upon you.
Whom there is no God,
God, the the Active,
and repent to (said upon
Him (said
to Him at
and at
rising and
upon rising RADIYA ALLAHU 'ANHU
RADIY A ALLAHU 'ANHU
and after
retiring, and SALAH)..
every ~ALAH)
after every (OR i\NHUM) (RA)
(OR ANHUM) (RA)
May ALLAH be be pleased with him
pleased with with
(or with
him (or
4JJI them) (said whenever aa companion
(said whenever of the
companion of the
':>.:i ~.) rw-' ..:.IJl.:U TABARAKA DHT AL
RABBIKA DHTAL
ISMU RABBIKA
T ABARAKA ISMU is mentioned
Prophet is mentioned byby name).
name).
JALAL Wi\L
JALAL IKRAM.
WAL IKRAM.
l"lfi'JI_, J~I of
Lord of
Blessed be name of
the name
be the your Lord,
of your Lord, Lord
dignity (said
and dignity
majesty and whenever the name of
(said whenever the name of ALAYH SALAM OR
i\LAYH AL SALAM i\LAYHIM
OR ALAYHIM
ALLAH is
ALLAH mentioned).
is mentioned). AL SALAM'(AS)
AL SALAM. (AS)
Upon Him (or them) be
(or them) the blessing
be the (of Allah)
blessing (of Allah)
58 59
59
58
'ALA YHI WA
ALLAHU 'ALAYHI
SALLA ALLAHU SALLAM .
WA SALLAM. ARHAM AL
YA ARIJAM RAHIMTN.
AL RAI:HMIN.
peace and
May the peace of ALLAH
blessing of
and blessing ALLAH be be upon
upon mostMerciful
0Omost of all
Merciful of (~aid whenever
all (said one needs
whenever one needs
him whenever the
(said whenever
him (said name of
the name the Prophet
of the Prophet help)!
help)!
($AAS) is
Muhammad (SAAS)
Muhammad mentioned, or
is mentioned, or
whenever he is referred to as the Prophet of
whenever he is referred to as the Prophet of •.JLJ.ll
kla b.:i.& k.)
.111 6;1A '-:-'J r+"I
.) OBI ALLAHUMMA! RABBA
ALLAHUMMA! HADHIHLAL
RABBA HADHIHI AL
ALLAH).
ALLAH). Wlill i;~I_, t..l:A.11 DA`WAH AL TAMMAH WAL SALAH
DA'WAH AL TAMMAH WAL SALAH AL AL
Z.Z1111 ;41.01.111 QA'IMAH, ATI MUl;l~MMADAN AL
ATI MUIJAMMADAN AL
SHA;\ ALLAH. ~1_,~11~..:.T WASILAHWALFA l;>ILAH, WAWA_
4111 oLtl.,. MA SHA'A ALLAH.
How wonderful
wonderful are of ALLAH
works of
the works
are the (said
ALLAH (said - - ,
WASILAH
IWATHHU
WAL FAMAH,
MAQAMAN MAHMUDAN
IB'ATHHU MAQAMAN MAHMUDAN
whenever one something good)!
witnesses something
one witnesses good)! IIJ~
49.41.-va LAIL ~I_,
Loli.. awls ALLADHIWA'AD
ALLADHI WA'ADTAH. TAH. •
O Allah! Lord of this perfect call,
0 Allah! Lord of this perfect call, of this
of this
G~.J (':?lll
sail Grant
performed! Grant
u! worship ritual to be
ritual to be performed!
<lll ~w. IN SHA'A
IN ALLAH .
SHA'A ALLAH. Muhammad strength virtue and
and virtue
strength and the great
and the great
Muhammad
If
If ALLAH willswills itit (said whenever one
(said whenever refers to
one refers to place honour whic~
of honour
place of which You
You promised (said after
promised (said after
future) .
the future).
the hearing aa complete
hearing complete ADHAN.
ADHAN.
':?J~ J c-rli_gt)
c.r!-1 ;~.) RABBI ISHRAU LISADRIWA
ISHRAl;-I LI SADRTWA YASSIR YASSIR LI LT
4.11'JY ..
.JI 1£.J .;:...;1 t4.111
r+"I ALLAHUMMA ANTA
ALLAHUMMA RABBI. LA
ANTA RABBI. ILAHA
LA ILAHA
AMRTWA
AMRT UHLUL 'UQDATAN
WA UHLUL AJODATAN MIN MIN 'ALAYKATAWAK
ANT. ÀLAYKA
ILLA ANT. KALI_U
':?.>A I J :,_......J LISANTY AFQAHU OAWLT.
LIPliNTYAFQAHU QA WLT. ~Y~·
4.1t. . .;:...;1'JI
ILLA TAWAKKALTU
me my
for me vision and
my vision my
ease my
WA ANTA RABB AL'
ANTA RABB ARSH AL'
AL ÀRSH AL A?JM.
ÀIM.
-UL Jb.
~L....J i:,... i; sik. I_, Expand for
My Lord! Expand and ease ALLAH,You Youareareindeed Lord. There
my Lord.
indeedmy is
There is
J14, they ut_,.a.I I ..rt) .;:...; I_,
'-:-'J yls 0OALLAH,
task. Make me
task . Make strong of
me strong expression, that
of expression, that they but You
no God but . Upon You I depend,
You. Upon You I depend, You, You,
- I -·
J_,,a~ may clearly understand
understand me (said at
me (said the opening
at the opening ~I the great
of the
Lord of throne (said
great throne whenever one
(said whenever
telio.11 Lord one
of any speech).
of any speech). sets out
sets an activity).
for an
out for activity).
~1I ,?.l_,
u1 t.:.l_,c.J Y1,3 WA AKHIRU
WA ANNA AL
DAWANA ANNA
AKHIRU D.NWANA AL AL SALAMU 'ALA YKUM WA
SALAMU ÀLAYKUM WA RAI;IMAH
RAHMAH
{IAMDA LILLAHI RABB
HAMDA LILLAHI AI..:ALAMfN.
RABB AUALAMtN.
<ll
011.£.! I '-:-'J 4.1.1 praise ALLAH.
Our concluding statement
statement is that "All
is that "All praise May the blessing and mercy of
and mercy. ALLAH be
of,ALLAH be upon
upon
and thanksgiving belong to ALLAH,
belong to ALLAH, Lord of
Lord of Mushm;
meets aa Muslim;
Mushm meets
(said at end of
the end any speech,
of any you (said whenever aa Muslim
(said whenever
universe (said
the universe
the at the speech, or
house or
activity).
or activity).
meeting or
also whenever enters aa house
Muslim enters
whenever aa Muslim
meeting room) .
room).
':?lll <lll ~1 ASTAGHFIR ALLAH ALLAH ALLADHIALLADHILA LA

, ALHAYY AL ~J.J l")L...JI ~.J 'ALA YKUM AL
WA 'ALAYKUM SALAM WA
AL SALAM WA_
ILAHA ILLAILLAHUWA
HUWA. AL HAYY AL ALLAH WA BARAKATUH .
~I>" VI
'JI all 'J
.JI 'Y QAYYCJM, WA WAATUBUIL 0
AYH . G ts:>.'.J <ll 1 RAHMAH ALLAH WA BARAKATUH.
OAYYGM, ATUBU ILAYH. 4111 May' the blessing, mercy
May the grace
and the
mercy and of God
grace of God
forgiveness of ALLAH, other
of ALLAH, than
°1 '-:-'Yl.J l"~I
44;J!
the forgiveness
I seek the other than be upon you .
Living , the
the Living, Active, be upon you.
Whom there is no God,
God, the the Active,
and repent to (said upon
Him (said
to Him at
and at
rising and
upon rising RADIYA ALLAHU 'ANHU
RADIY A ALLAHU 'ANHU
and after
retiring, and SALAH)..
every ~ALAH)
after every (OR i\NHUM) (RA)
(OR ANHUM) (RA)
May ALLAH be be pleased with him
pleased with with
(or with
him (or
4JJI them) (said whenever aa companion
(said whenever of the
companion of the
':>.:i ~.) rw-' ..:.IJl.:U TABARAKA DHT AL
RABBIKA DHTAL
ISMU RABBIKA
T ABARAKA ISMU is mentioned
Prophet is mentioned byby name).
name).
JALAL Wi\L
JALAL IKRAM.
WAL IKRAM.
l"lfi'JI_, J~I of
Lord of
Blessed be name of
the name
be the your Lord,
of your Lord, Lord
dignity (said
and dignity
majesty and whenever the name of
(said whenever the name of ALAYH SALAM OR
i\LAYH AL SALAM i\LAYHIM
OR ALAYHIM
ALLAH is
ALLAH mentioned).
is mentioned). AL SALAM'(AS)
AL SALAM. (AS)
Upon Him (or them) be
(or them) the blessing
be the (of Allah)
blessing (of Allah)
58 59
59
58
said whenever
said whenever aa prophet
prophet other than
other than May ALLAH
May compensate you
ALLAH compensate you (said
(said to anyone
to anyone
Muhammad (SAAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) is is mentioned by name.
mentioned by name .
who deserves
who deserves compensation).
compensation).
41.ilc9 4111 SHAFAKUM ALLAH

SHAFAKUM ALLAH WA WA ''AFAKUM.
AFAKUM.
dl~~I r+1JI ALLAHUMMA AKFINI AKFINIBI BI1.1ALALIKA
HALAUKA
May ALLAHUMMA
May ALLAH cure you
ALLAH cure you and restore to
and restore to you
you your
your ' AN HARAMIK,
HARAMIK, WA WA AGHNINI
AGHN°INI BI BI
health (said
(said when
when visiting
visiting the sick) . ~l.J, ..:LI.? d-
'AN
health the sick). FADlIKA 'AMMAN'AMMAN SIWAK.
SIWAK.
FADLIKA
<!ll~ ~~ 0 ALLAH,
0 ALLAH,grant grantme
mesufficiency
sufficiency with
with
~..>:'~lcilll~ T AGHAMMADA ALLAH
TAGHAMMADA ALLAH AL ALF AQID BI
FAQID BI legitimate gain, and relieve
legitimate gain, and relieve meme of
of the
the need
need for
RAHMATIH WA
RAHMATIH WA ASKANAHU
ASKANAHU the illegitimate.
the illegitimate. Enrich
Enrich me
me with
with Your
Your grace
grace
_c.11
r-r.J ~
. .c&....1.J JANNATAH
JANNATAH WA WA ALHAMAKUM
ALHAMAKUM AL AL alone (said
alone (said before
before starting
starting any
any new
new enterprise
enterprise,,
p1').2.113 ~I
"l.)A.ll.J SABRA WA'L
SABRA WA'L AZA. AZk or any
or any day
day of
of productive
productive work)
work)..
May ALLAH
May ALLAH grant
grant the
the departed His mercy,
departed His mercy,
enter him
enter him into
into Paradise,
Paradise, and
and grant
grant you
you His
His
~)\ ~)I cilll ~ BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH AL
AL RA.{:IMAN
RAHMAN AL AL RA.tliM.
RAlitM.
reconciliation and
reconciliation and patience
patience (said
(said to
to the
the family
family
In
In the
the name
name of
of ALLAH,
ALLAH, the the Beneficent,
Beneficent, the
the
which has
which has lost
lost aa member).
member). Merciful (said
Merciful (said as
as prelude
prelude to
to any
any eating,
eating, drinking
drinking
or any
or any other activity) .
other activity).
~cilll
4111 ~..) RAHMAH
RAHMAH ALLAH ALLAH ÀLAYH
' ALA YH ('ALA YHA or
('ALAYHA or
'ALAYHIM)
ÀLAYHIM)..
~cilll~_;
Lek a.111 cill~I AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU ULLAH LILLAH..
May ALLAH's
May mercy fall
ALLAH's mercy fall upon him (her
upon him or
(her or
them) (said
(said whenever
whenever the All praise
All praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving be
be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH (said
~cilll~_;
4111 them) the departed
departed Muslim
Muslim isis
after finishing
finishing eating,
mentioned byby name) after eating, drinking
drinking or
or any
any other
other
mentioned name).. activity).
activity).
4-i cilll
4111 <!1_;4 BARAKA ALLAH
BARAKA ALLAH FIK FlK (or
(or FIKUM).
FIKUM).
May ALLAH
May bless you
ALLAH bless you (sing.
(sing. or pl.) (said
or pl.) (said as
as aa ..:1:i ,j_,c-1 ~I t411
f+131 ALLAHUMMA INNT
ALLAHUMMA A' UDHU BIKA
INNTAI1DHU BIKA MIN MIN
~ cilll
411 J AL
<!1_;4 compliment on
on any
any occasion).
occasion).
AL HAMM
AL HAMM WAL WAL I;IAZAN,
IJAZAN, MIN MIN AL AL ÀJZI
'AJZI
compliment • - - I\ •
~ V"J u~.J • • - I\ rr
- • 1\ V"
• WAL KASAL,
KASAL, MIN MIN AL AL JUBNI WAL
WAL JUBNI WAL
BUKHL, MIN
BUKHL, MIN GHALABAH
GHALABAH AL AL DAYN
DA YN WA WA
J.:...:..ll.J ~I 0.o .J ~l.J
MUBARAK,
MUBARAK, OR OR MUBRUK.
MUBRUK . QAHR AL
QAHR AL RIJAL.
RIJAL. '
May it
May it be
be blessed
blessed (said
(said whenever
whenever something
something W::i..JI ~4:)-°3
-1-11 SIL 0.oJ 0 ALLAH.
0 ALLAH .I Itake
takeshelter
shelterininYou
You from
from all
all cares
cares
new is
new is acquired).
acquired). and burdens,
and burdens , from
from impotence
impotence and and laziness,
laziness,
Jl.:--)1 ~.J
J1-?!.) from cowardice
from cowardice and
and avarice
avarice,, from
from humiliating
humiliating
indebtedness and
indebtedness and the
the tyranny
tyranny ofof men
men (said
(said when
<!l_;~ ~ 7fD
7113MUBARAK.
MUBARAK. KULL' AM WA
KULL 'AM ANTUM
WA ANTUM
) facing
facing trouble
trouble or
or grave
grave concern)
concern)..
BIKHAYR.
BI KHAYR.
~~,.J~~~
.% :1-11,1t1.• Blessed feast.
Blessed feast. May
May you
you witness
witness it
it again
again and
again in
again in happiness and wellbeing
happiness and wellbeing (said
(said on the
the ' LAS all lcaJi AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU LILLAH ULLAH ALLADHIKASANT.
ALLADHIKASANT.
‘53
occasion of
occasion of'iD AL FITR
lb AL and ID
FITR and 'iD AL AQHA,
AL APHA, All praise
All praise and thanksgiving be
and thanksgiving be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH who
or on any annual
on any annual celebration).
celebration) . granted me
granted me this
this clothing
clothing (said
(said each time one
each time one
or
wears one·
wears one'ss clothes)
clothes)..
4111 Sly JAZAKUM ALLAH
JAZAKUM ALLAH KHA KHAYR YR ALAL JAZA'.
JAZA'.
May ALLAH
May grant you
ALLAH grant you the
the best
best reward
reward (said
(said as
as a.11 )t 4111 BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH ALLADHILA
ALLADHI LA ILAHA ILAHA
an expression
an expression of
of gratitude to anyone
gratitude to anyone who
who hashas ILLA
ILLA HUWA.
HUWA.
given something
given something or
or rendered
rendered aa service).
service). )11 In the
In the name
name of
of ALLAH
ALLAH,, other
other than
than Whom
Whom
there is
there is no
no God (said each
God (said each time
time one
one undresses
undresses
oneself).
oneself).
4111 j.c. AJRUKUM ''ALA
AJRUKUM ALA ALLAH.
ALLAH .
60
60 61
61
said whenever
said whenever aa prophet
prophet other than
other than May ALLAH
May compensate you
ALLAH compensate you (said
(said to anyone
to anyone
Muhammad (SAAS)
Muhammad (SAAS) is is mentioned by name.
mentioned by name .
who deserves
who deserves compensation).
compensation).
41.ilc9 4111 SHAFAKUM ALLAH

SHAFAKUM ALLAH WA WA ''AFAKUM.
AFAKUM.
dl~~I r+1JI ALLAHUMMA AKFINI AKFINIBI BI1.1ALALIKA
HALAUKA
May ALLAHUMMA
May ALLAH cure you
ALLAH cure you and restore to
and restore to you
you your
your ' AN HARAMIK,
HARAMIK, WA WA AGHNINI
AGHN°INI BI BI
health (said
(said when
when visiting
visiting the sick) . ~l.J, ..:LI.? d-
'AN
health the sick). FADlIKA 'AMMAN'AMMAN SIWAK.
SIWAK.
FADLIKA
<!ll~ ~~ 0 ALLAH,
0 ALLAH,grant grantme
mesufficiency
sufficiency with
with
~..>:'~lcilll~ T AGHAMMADA ALLAH
TAGHAMMADA ALLAH AL ALF AQID BI
FAQID BI legitimate gain, and relieve
legitimate gain, and relieve meme of
of the
the need
need for
RAHMATIH WA
RAHMATIH WA ASKANAHU
ASKANAHU the illegitimate.
the illegitimate. Enrich
Enrich me
me with
with Your
Your grace
grace
_c.11
r-r.J ~
. .c&....1.J JANNATAH
JANNATAH WA WA ALHAMAKUM
ALHAMAKUM AL AL alone (said
alone (said before
before starting
starting any
any new
new enterprise
enterprise,,
p1').2.113 ~I
"l.)A.ll.J SABRA WA'L
SABRA WA'L AZA. AZk or any
or any day
day of
of productive
productive work)
work)..
May ALLAH
May ALLAH grant
grant the
the departed His mercy,
departed His mercy,
enter him
enter him into
into Paradise,
Paradise, and
and grant
grant you
you His
His
~)\ ~)I cilll ~ BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH AL
AL RA.{:IMAN
RAHMAN AL AL RA.tliM.
RAlitM.
reconciliation and
reconciliation and patience
patience (said
(said to
to the
the family
family
In
In the
the name
name of
of ALLAH,
ALLAH, the the Beneficent,
Beneficent, the
the
which has
which has lost
lost aa member).
member). Merciful (said
Merciful (said as
as prelude
prelude to
to any
any eating,
eating, drinking
drinking
or any
or any other activity) .
other activity).
~cilll
4111 ~..) RAHMAH
RAHMAH ALLAH ALLAH ÀLAYH
' ALA YH ('ALA YHA or
('ALAYHA or
'ALAYHIM)
ÀLAYHIM)..
~cilll~_;
Lek a.111 cill~I AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU ULLAH LILLAH..
May ALLAH's
May mercy fall
ALLAH's mercy fall upon him (her
upon him or
(her or
them) (said
(said whenever
whenever the All praise
All praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving be
be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH (said
~cilll~_;
4111 them) the departed
departed Muslim
Muslim isis
after finishing
finishing eating,
mentioned byby name) after eating, drinking
drinking or
or any
any other
other
mentioned name).. activity).
activity).
4-i cilll
4111 <!1_;4 BARAKA ALLAH
BARAKA ALLAH FIK FlK (or
(or FIKUM).
FIKUM).
May ALLAH
May bless you
ALLAH bless you (sing.
(sing. or pl.) (said
or pl.) (said as
as aa ..:1:i ,j_,c-1 ~I t411
f+131 ALLAHUMMA INNT
ALLAHUMMA A' UDHU BIKA
INNTAI1DHU BIKA MIN MIN
~ cilll
411 J AL
<!1_;4 compliment on
on any
any occasion).
occasion).
AL HAMM
AL HAMM WAL WAL I;IAZAN,
IJAZAN, MIN MIN AL AL ÀJZI
'AJZI
compliment • - - I\ •
~ V"J u~.J • • - I\ rr
- • 1\ V"
• WAL KASAL,
KASAL, MIN MIN AL AL JUBNI WAL
WAL JUBNI WAL
BUKHL, MIN
BUKHL, MIN GHALABAH
GHALABAH AL AL DAYN
DA YN WA WA
J.:...:..ll.J ~I 0.o .J ~l.J
MUBARAK,
MUBARAK, OR OR MUBRUK.
MUBRUK . QAHR AL
QAHR AL RIJAL.
RIJAL. '
May it
May it be
be blessed
blessed (said
(said whenever
whenever something
something W::i..JI ~4:)-°3
-1-11 SIL 0.oJ 0 ALLAH.
0 ALLAH .I Itake
takeshelter
shelterininYou
You from
from all
all cares
cares
new is
new is acquired).
acquired). and burdens,
and burdens , from
from impotence
impotence and and laziness,
laziness,
Jl.:--)1 ~.J
J1-?!.) from cowardice
from cowardice and
and avarice
avarice,, from
from humiliating
humiliating
indebtedness and
indebtedness and the
the tyranny
tyranny ofof men
men (said
(said when
<!l_;~ ~ 7fD
7113MUBARAK.
MUBARAK. KULL' AM WA
KULL 'AM ANTUM
WA ANTUM
) facing
facing trouble
trouble or
or grave
grave concern)
concern)..
BIKHAYR.
BI KHAYR.
~~,.J~~~
.% :1-11,1t1.• Blessed feast.
Blessed feast. May
May you
you witness
witness it
it again
again and
again in
again in happiness and wellbeing
happiness and wellbeing (said
(said on the
the ' LAS all lcaJi AL HAMDU
AL HAMDU LILLAH ULLAH ALLADHIKASANT.
ALLADHIKASANT.
‘53
occasion of
occasion of'iD AL FITR
lb AL and ID
FITR and 'iD AL AQHA,
AL APHA, All praise
All praise and thanksgiving be
and thanksgiving be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH who
or on any annual
on any annual celebration).
celebration) . granted me
granted me this
this clothing
clothing (said
(said each time one
each time one
or
wears one·
wears one'ss clothes)
clothes)..
4111 Sly JAZAKUM ALLAH
JAZAKUM ALLAH KHA KHAYR YR ALAL JAZA'.
JAZA'.
May ALLAH
May grant you
ALLAH grant you the
the best
best reward
reward (said
(said as
as a.11 )t 4111 BISMI ALLAH
BISMI ALLAH ALLADHILA
ALLADHI LA ILAHA ILAHA
an expression
an expression of
of gratitude to anyone
gratitude to anyone who
who hashas ILLA
ILLA HUWA.
HUWA.
given something
given something or
or rendered
rendered aa service).
service). )11 In the
In the name
name of
of ALLAH
ALLAH,, other
other than
than Whom
Whom
there is
there is no
no God (said each
God (said each time
time one
one undresses
undresses
oneself).
oneself).
4111 j.c. AJRUKUM ''ALA
AJRUKUM ALA ALLAH.
ALLAH .
60
60 61
61
11
.L..w NA'lMAN
NA'IM AN.. gave us
gave us to
to eat
eat and
and drink
drink and
and made us Muslims
May
May you
you be
be blessed
blessed (said
(said to whomever has (said at the conclusion
(said at the conclusion of every meal).
completed
completed aa bath,
bath, aa shave
shave or a haircut).
~dtl~I ALLAHUMMA
ALLAHUMMA AHILLAHU AHILLAHU ÀLAYNA'ALAYNA
BIL
BIL YUMNI
YUMNI WA WA ALAL TMANI
IMANI WA AL
4k alJl~l
41.1ctlll AN' AMA
etAN'AMA ALLAHUÀLAYK.
ALLAHU 'ALAYK. w~"it_,~4 SALAMA
SALAMATI TI WA
WA AL ISLAMI WA AL
May ALLAH
May bless you
ALLAH bless you too (the response to ~)l...."il_, ~)l...JI_,
TAWFTQI
TAWFTQI LIMA LIMATUf:IIBBU
TUIJIBBU WA WA TARI;>A.
TARI?A.
NA'IMAN)
NAÌMAN).. O ALLAH.Grant
0 ALLAH. Granttotous
usthat
thatthis
this new month be
~ -u~
- !_,:i.11'.J one
one of
of benefit
benefit and
and faith, of security and
Islamicity,
Islamicity, ofof success
success in
in doing
doing Your
Your pleasure
pleasure
al
~..1tlll t..1~1
elle..1 ASTAWDI' ALLAHDlNAKA
ASTAWDI`
AMANATAKA
ALLAH DINAKA WA te
~Y-'
r, (said
(said at
at sighting
sighting the
the new
new moon)
moon)..
AMANATAKA WAKHAWATIMAWAKHAWATIMA
,u '~" d:Ul.o ,_, 'AMALIK.
AMALIK.
II entrust ~WI '-:"Jtll~I
411 AL
AL HAMDU
klAMDU ULLAH LILLAH RABB AL
dl~I entrust you
you to
to ALLAH
ALLAH that He may may guard 'ALAMIN
ÀLAMIN... .. . RAl;IIMAKUM
RAkIIMAKUM ALLAH ALLAH... .. .
your
your faithfulness,
faithfulness, sincerity
sincerity and crown your 4.111 ~J
tlll 4..hat) AJMA' IN.
works with AJMAÌN.
works with righteousness
righteousness (said by
by the
the departing
departing All praise
All and thanksgiving
praise and thanksgiving belong to .
to his friends
to his friends or
or relatives). ~1
ALLAH ... LORD
ALLAH...LORD OF THE THE UNIVERSE
UNIVERSE
May
May ALLAH's
ALLAH's mercy mercy be be upon
upon you ...
you...
4111~)l...,
tlll ;i..)L. ~
t..a MA'
MAÀ A SALAMAH
SALAMAH ALLAHALLAHWA WABI1-51F?IHI
BI HIFZIHI All of us together. (The first phrase
All of us together. (The first phrase is
With the security and guardianship
With the security and guardianship of ALlAH
0
ALLAH said by
Jo..h... said by the
the person who sneezes;
person who sneezes; the second by
·"
4.1111.z..? (said to
(said to the
behind).
behind).
the departing
departing by
by those who stay those
those in
has
in attendance;
attendance; the
has sneezed
sneezed and
the third
and received
third by the person who
received the
the compliment.)
ll4W ~ (sail u·L:.........
lll6LN.:
114 LI ~':? .‘,.., SUBHANA ALLADHI
SUKIANA
LANA
ALLADHI SAKHKHARA
SAKHKHARA ~1·1·
. '.JJ ~ w......
Uhl . 1~
••7+A .J
:11k) RABBANA
RABBANA HAB HAB LANA
LANA MIN MIN AZW AJINA
AZWAJINA
~~ 4J ~Lo_,
',J.L4 4..1 LS Lt., LANA HADHA
HADHA WA WA MA MA KUNNA LAHU WA
WA DHURRIYYATINA
DHURRIYYATINA QURRATA
MUQRINfN.
MUQRININ. ~ 1 it>1
·~ ~.).)_,
U11,43 A'YUNIN
NYUNIN WA WA IJAÀLNA
IJA'ALNA LIL
Praised
Praised be
be ALLAH Who made
ALLAH Who made this
this subservient
subservient MUTTAQlNA IMAMAN.
to us, for which we
to us, for which we are
are not
not worthy, or without ~~'
Ctaia
- 1111,• '.J
MUTTAQINA IMAMAN.
Our Lord! Grant
Grant that
that our
our spouses
SJ?<?uses and progeny
Our Lord!
which we
which we would
would be
be unable
unable to move (said when Lol.ol be
LAL41s be such
such as
as we
we may
may bebeproud
proud of
of and
and make
make us and
and
one mounts
one mounts any means of conveyance). • them
them leaders of the
leaders of the people
people in piety (said in any _,
conversation
conversation concerning
concerning spouses
spouses oror children).
children).
Lal....>°-'3 Lal~ 4111
Lil1ytu.0
,
tlll ~ BISMI
BISMI ALLAH
ALLAH MAJRAHA WA
MURSAHA.
MURSAHA. AL
~I_, AL AMR
AMR BIL
BIL MA'RUF
MA`ROF WAL WAL NAHY
NAHY 'AN'AN AL
In
In the
the name
name of
of ALLAH shall be
ALLAH shall be its
its take-off
take-off and Lca:Lit.) .J_,jLl4 >°~I MUNKAR
MUNKAR
its
its coming
coming toto rest
rest (said
(said when
when boarding
boarding a ship. fi:J.ILJ&. The
The commanding
commanding of of the
the common
common good
good and
and the
plane
plane oror other
other vehicle). prohibition of
of evil
prohibition evil or
or undesirable
. •t; . i AYIBUN,
~~ AYIBUN, TA'IBUN
TA'IBON,, LILI RABBINA
RABBINA
r+:'_,li 'OJ _;11 AL
AL MU'ALLAFAH
MU'ALLAFAH QULUBUHUM
QULUBUHUM
HAMID
FIAMIDON.UN. 1-11511 Those
w_,..1.a~
W soles ~) Those whose
whose hearts
hearts are
are yet
yet to be reconciled
UL.) We
We return
return with
with repentence
repentence and praise to our
Lord
Lord (said
(said by
by the
the returnee
returnee upon his
his return).
return).
<.S_,i;J I'.J .;.JI
. ~ j-c• I,_,.._,
· La:; TA'AWANU
TA'AWANU 'ALA 'ALA AL BIRRI WA WA AL
TAQWA WA
TAQWA WA LA LA T~' AWANO 'ALA AL
TAÀWANC
LAA13I ':?
t..-l..l cs:s.11 di ~I
lll 4.1.1 AL
AL HAMDU
klAMDU ULLAH
LILLAH ALLADHT
ALLADHI ~"i I ~
j..c. 1l~_,t.a:;
j:bjlx; "i_, ITHMI
ITHMI W.NL
WAL 'UDWAN.
'UDWAN.
~ l:.1.i....'J ATAMA~A WASA9ANA
AT'AMANA WA SAQANA WA Cooperate for piety
Cooperate for piety and
and goodness,
goodness , not
not for evil
.:J JA"ALANA MUSLIMIN.
JA'ALANA MUSLINTIN. wt, ,l.L)'" and aggression.
and aggression.
~ All praise
All praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving be
be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH Who
62
62 63
11
.L..w NA'lMAN
NA'IM AN.. gave us
gave us to
to eat
eat and
and drink
drink and
and made us Muslims
May
May you
you be
be blessed
blessed (said
(said to whomever has (said at the conclusion
(said at the conclusion of every meal).
completed
completed aa bath,
bath, aa shave
shave or a haircut).
~dtl~I ALLAHUMMA
ALLAHUMMA AHILLAHU AHILLAHU ÀLAYNA'ALAYNA
BIL
BIL YUMNI
YUMNI WA WA ALAL TMANI
IMANI WA AL
4k alJl~l
41.1ctlll AN' AMA
etAN'AMA ALLAHUÀLAYK.
ALLAHU 'ALAYK. w~"it_,~4 SALAMA
SALAMATI TI WA
WA AL ISLAMI WA AL
May ALLAH
May bless you
ALLAH bless you too (the response to ~)l...."il_, ~)l...JI_,
TAWFTQI
TAWFTQI LIMA LIMATUf:IIBBU
TUIJIBBU WA WA TARI;>A.
TARI?A.
NA'IMAN)
NAÌMAN).. O ALLAH.Grant
0 ALLAH. Granttotous
usthat
thatthis
this new month be
~ -u~
- !_,:i.11'.J one
one of
of benefit
benefit and
and faith, of security and
Islamicity,
Islamicity, ofof success
success in
in doing
doing Your
Your pleasure
pleasure
al
~..1tlll t..1~1
elle..1 ASTAWDI' ALLAHDlNAKA
ASTAWDI`
AMANATAKA
ALLAH DINAKA WA te
~Y-'
r, (said
(said at
at sighting
sighting the
the new
new moon)
moon)..
AMANATAKA WAKHAWATIMAWAKHAWATIMA
,u '~" d:Ul.o ,_, 'AMALIK.
AMALIK.
II entrust ~WI '-:"Jtll~I
411 AL
AL HAMDU
klAMDU ULLAH LILLAH RABB AL
dl~I entrust you
you to
to ALLAH
ALLAH that He may may guard 'ALAMIN
ÀLAMIN... .. . RAl;IIMAKUM
RAkIIMAKUM ALLAH ALLAH... .. .
your
your faithfulness,
faithfulness, sincerity
sincerity and crown your 4.111 ~J
tlll 4..hat) AJMA' IN.
works with AJMAÌN.
works with righteousness
righteousness (said by
by the
the departing
departing All praise
All and thanksgiving
praise and thanksgiving belong to .
to his friends
to his friends or
or relatives). ~1
ALLAH ... LORD
ALLAH...LORD OF THE THE UNIVERSE
UNIVERSE
May
May ALLAH's
ALLAH's mercy mercy be be upon
upon you ...
you...
4111~)l...,
tlll ;i..)L. ~
t..a MA'
MAÀ A SALAMAH
SALAMAH ALLAHALLAHWA WABI1-51F?IHI
BI HIFZIHI All of us together. (The first phrase
All of us together. (The first phrase is
With the security and guardianship
With the security and guardianship of ALlAH
0
ALLAH said by
Jo..h... said by the
the person who sneezes;
person who sneezes; the second by
·"
4.1111.z..? (said to
(said to the
behind).
behind).
the departing
departing by
by those who stay those
those in
has
in attendance;
attendance; the
has sneezed
sneezed and
the third
and received
third by the person who
received the
the compliment.)
ll4W ~ (sail u·L:.........
lll6LN.:
114 LI ~':? .‘,.., SUBHANA ALLADHI
SUKIANA
LANA
ALLADHI SAKHKHARA
SAKHKHARA ~1·1·
. '.JJ ~ w......
Uhl . 1~
••7+A .J
:11k) RABBANA
RABBANA HAB HAB LANA
LANA MIN MIN AZW AJINA
AZWAJINA
~~ 4J ~Lo_,
',J.L4 4..1 LS Lt., LANA HADHA
HADHA WA WA MA MA KUNNA LAHU WA
WA DHURRIYYATINA
DHURRIYYATINA QURRATA
MUQRINfN.
MUQRININ. ~ 1 it>1
·~ ~.).)_,
U11,43 A'YUNIN
NYUNIN WA WA IJAÀLNA
IJA'ALNA LIL
Praised
Praised be
be ALLAH Who made
ALLAH Who made this
this subservient
subservient MUTTAQlNA IMAMAN.
to us, for which we
to us, for which we are
are not
not worthy, or without ~~'
Ctaia
- 1111,• '.J
MUTTAQINA IMAMAN.
Our Lord! Grant
Grant that
that our
our spouses
SJ?<?uses and progeny
Our Lord!
which we
which we would
would be
be unable
unable to move (said when Lol.ol be
LAL41s be such
such as
as we
we may
may bebeproud
proud of
of and
and make
make us and
and
one mounts
one mounts any means of conveyance). • them
them leaders of the
leaders of the people
people in piety (said in any _,
conversation
conversation concerning
concerning spouses
spouses oror children).
children).
Lal....>°-'3 Lal~ 4111
Lil1ytu.0
,
tlll ~ BISMI
BISMI ALLAH
ALLAH MAJRAHA WA
MURSAHA.
MURSAHA. AL
~I_, AL AMR
AMR BIL
BIL MA'RUF
MA`ROF WAL WAL NAHY
NAHY 'AN'AN AL
In
In the
the name
name of
of ALLAH shall be
ALLAH shall be its
its take-off
take-off and Lca:Lit.) .J_,jLl4 >°~I MUNKAR
MUNKAR
its
its coming
coming toto rest
rest (said
(said when
when boarding
boarding a ship. fi:J.ILJ&. The
The commanding
commanding of of the
the common
common good
good and
and the
plane
plane oror other
other vehicle). prohibition of
of evil
prohibition evil or
or undesirable
. •t; . i AYIBUN,
~~ AYIBUN, TA'IBUN
TA'IBON,, LILI RABBINA
RABBINA
r+:'_,li 'OJ _;11 AL
AL MU'ALLAFAH
MU'ALLAFAH QULUBUHUM
QULUBUHUM
HAMID
FIAMIDON.UN. 1-11511 Those
w_,..1.a~
W soles ~) Those whose
whose hearts
hearts are
are yet
yet to be reconciled
UL.) We
We return
return with
with repentence
repentence and praise to our
Lord
Lord (said
(said by
by the
the returnee
returnee upon his
his return).
return).
<.S_,i;J I'.J .;.JI
. ~ j-c• I,_,.._,
· La:; TA'AWANU
TA'AWANU 'ALA 'ALA AL BIRRI WA WA AL
TAQWA WA
TAQWA WA LA LA T~' AWANO 'ALA AL
TAÀWANC
LAA13I ':?
t..-l..l cs:s.11 di ~I
lll 4.1.1 AL
AL HAMDU
klAMDU ULLAH
LILLAH ALLADHT
ALLADHI ~"i I ~
j..c. 1l~_,t.a:;
j:bjlx; "i_, ITHMI
ITHMI W.NL
WAL 'UDWAN.
'UDWAN.
~ l:.1.i....'J ATAMA~A WASA9ANA
AT'AMANA WA SAQANA WA Cooperate for piety
Cooperate for piety and
and goodness,
goodness , not
not for evil
.:J JA"ALANA MUSLIMIN.
JA'ALANA MUSLINTIN. wt, ,l.L)'" and aggression.
and aggression.
~ All praise
All praise and
and thanksgiving
thanksgiving be
be to
to ALLAH
ALLAH Who
62
62 63
AHLAL
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WAL JAMA'AH
SUNN AH WAL
The community united behind the SUNN AH
SUNNAH DISTRIBUTOR
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The noble names of ALLAH (SWT)
Dar al
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al Aman A'., Rue
S. A., la Mamounia,
de la
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Tbi.,,,V1 AL USWAHAL
ALUSWAH HASANAH
ALHASANAH (212-7) 723-276
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example [of the Prophet
The good example.[ofthe Muhammad
Prophet Muhammad
~AA~
§AAS] . Saudi
Saudi Arabia: International PublishingHouse,
Islamic Publishing
International Islamic Box55195;-
P.O.Box
House,P.O. 55195
Riyadh 1153.
Riyadh (966-1) 1-465-0818
Tel: (966-1)
1153. Tel: Fax: (966-1)
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(966-1) 1-463-3489
LAO e ).i.JI AL
AL 'URWAHAL
ÙRWAH WUTHQA
ALWUTHQA
Islam]
The indissoluble bond [of Islam] Bookshop, P.O.
United Arab Emirates: Reading for All Bookshop, P.O. Box 11032, Dubai.
Box 11032, Dubai.
(971-4) 663-903
Tel: (971-4) 663-903 Fax: 690-084.
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United Kingdom: Muslim Services, 233

Information Services,
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London N4
London 2DA. Tel: (44-71) 272-5170 Fax:
N4 2DA. 272-3214.
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The Islamic Foundation, Da'wah Centre,
Foundation, Markfield Da`wah Ratby Lane,
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Lane, Markfield,
Leicester LE6 ORN. Tel: (44-530) 244-944/45 Fax: (44-530) 244-946.
LE6 ORN. Tel: (44-530) 244-944/45 Fax: (44-530) 244-946.
amana publications,
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IN 46231.
(317) 839-9248
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Fax: (317)
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Box4059, Alexandria,
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HIT publications, write to the above-listed distributors

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IIIT Department of Publications, P.O. Box 669, Herndon, VA 22070-4705.
64 Tel: (703) 471-1133 (703) 471-3922.
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AHLAL
;i.L.,11 JAI AHL ALSUNNAH JAMA' AH
WAL JAMA'AH
SUNN AH WAL
The community united behind the SUNN AH
SUNNAH DISTRIBUTOR
DISTRIBUTORSS OF IIIT PUBLICATIONS
HIT PUBLICATIONS
(of the Prophet)
Belgium: Secompex, Bd. Mourice Lemonnier, 152, 1000 Burxelles. Tel: (32-
Burxelles. Tel: (32-
~tj,11~1~1
a.1.1 I _, I'TASIMU BI l{ABL
WA I`TASIMU ALLAHI JAMf'AN
HABL ALLAH! JAMPAN 2) 512-4473 (32-2) 512-8710.
Fax: (32-2)
512-4473 Fax:
WA LA TAFARRAQO.
TAFARRAQ11.
1_,ifa "j_,
firm to the rope of ALLAH
And hold firm ALLAH together Egypt: HIT Office, 26-B
IIIT Office, al Jazirah
26-B al St., Zamalek,
Jazirah al Wusta St., Tel: (202)
Cairo. Tel:
Zamalek, Cairo. (202)
and do not separate yourselves. (202) 340-9520.
Fax: (202)
340-9520 Fax:
340-9520
BAYT AL HARAM
AL BAYT Paris. Tel:
75011 Paris.
France: Libraire Essalam, 135 Boulevard de Menilmontant 75011 Tel:
Ka'bah
- the Ka`bah
House" —
Holy House (33-1) 4338-1956 Fax: (33-1) 4357-4431.
(33-1) 4338-1956 Fax: (33-1) 4357-4431.
The Holy
Holland: Rachad Export, Le Van Swindenstr.
Rachad Export, II, 1093 Ck.
Swindenstr. 108 II, Amsterdam.
Ck. Amsterdam.
JAI BA YT AL MAQDIS
AL QUDS or BAYT Tel: (31-20)
Tel: 693-8827 ..
693-3735 Fax: (31-20) 693-8827.,
(31-20) 693-3735
0,0 Jerusalem
Genuine Publications
India: Genuine Media (Pvt.)
& Media
Publications & Ltd., P.O.
(Pvt.) Ltd., Box 9725,
P.O. Box Jamia
9725, Jamia
MUJ:IAMMAD, KHATAMKHATAMAL NABIYYIN
ALNABIYYTN Nagar, New Delhi
Nagar, New 110 025.Tel:
Delhi 110025. (91-11)630-989
Tel:(91-11) 630-989 Fax: 684-1104.
(91-11) 684-1104.
Fax: (91-11)
MUHAMMAD,
SA YYID AL
WA SAYYID MURSALIN
AL MURSALTN
Muhammad, seal of the prophets and
Muhammad, of
master of
and master Jordan: IIIT
HIT Office, P.O. Box
Office, P.O. 9489, Amman.
Box 9489, (962-6)639-992
Tel: (962-6)
Amman.Tel: Fax:
639-992 Fax:
those sent [the messengers] (962-2) 611-420.
ALLAH AL
ASMA' ALLAH AL 1HUSNA
Lebanon: IIIT, c/o United Arab
IIIT, c/o Bureau, P.O.
Arab Bureau, Box 135788,
P.O. Box Tel: (961-
Beirut. Tel:
135788, Beirut. (961-
-5USNAT 1) 807-779
807-779 Fax: New York
Fax: c/o New 478-1491.
(212) 478-1491.
York (212)
The noble names of ALLAH (SWT)
Dar al
Libraire Dar
Morocco: Libraire Aman S.
al Aman A'., Rue
S. A., la Mamounia,
de la
Rue de Tel:
Rabat. Tel:
Mamounia, Rabat.
Tbi.,,,V1 AL USWAHAL
ALUSWAH HASANAH
ALHASANAH (212-7) 723-276
(212-7) 723-276 Fax: 200-055.
(212-7) 200-055.
Fax: (212-7)
example [of the Prophet
The good example.[ofthe Muhammad
Prophet Muhammad
~AA~
§AAS] . Saudi
Saudi Arabia: International PublishingHouse,
Islamic Publishing
International Islamic Box55195;-
P.O.Box
House,P.O. 55195
Riyadh 1153.
Riyadh (966-1) 1-465-0818
Tel: (966-1)
1153. Tel: Fax: (966-1)
1-465-0818 Fax: 1-463-3489
(966-1) 1-463-3489
LAO e ).i.JI AL
AL 'URWAHAL
ÙRWAH WUTHQA
ALWUTHQA
Islam]
The indissoluble bond [of Islam] Bookshop, P.O.
United Arab Emirates: Reading for All Bookshop, P.O. Box 11032, Dubai.
Box 11032, Dubai.
(971-4) 663-903
Tel: (971-4) 663-903 Fax: 690-084.
(971-4) 690-0$4.
Fax: (971-4)
United Kingdom: Muslim Services, 233

Information Services,
Muslim Information Seven Sisters
233 Seven Road,
Sisters Road,
London N4
London 2DA. Tel: (44-71) 272-5170 Fax:
N4 2DA. 272-3214.
(44-71) 272-3214.
Fax: (44-71)
The Islamic Foundation, Da'wah Centre,
Foundation, Markfield Da`wah Ratby Lane,
Centre, Ratby Markfield,
Lane, Markfield,
Leicester LE6 ORN. Tel: (44-530) 244-944/45 Fax: (44-530) 244-946.
LE6 ORN. Tel: (44-530) 244-944/45 Fax: (44-530) 244-946.
amana publications,
USA: amana 10710 Tucker
publications, 10710 Street, Suite
Tucker Street, B. Beltsville,
Suite B. MD
Beltsville, MD
20705-2223.
20705-2223. Tel: (301) 595-5777 Fax: (301) 595-5888.
595-5777 Fax: (301) 595-5888.
Islamic Book Service,
Islamic Book 10900 W
Service, 10900 Indianapolis, IN
St., Indianapolis,
Washington St.,
W.. Washington 46231.
IN 46231.
(317) 839-9248
Tel: (317) 839-9248 Fax: 839-2511.
(317) 839-2511.
Fax: (317)
PublicationsI/United
Sa`dawi Publications
Al Sa'dawi Arab Bureau,
United Arab P.O.Box
Bureau,P.O. 4059,Alexandria,
Box4059, Alexandria,
VA 22303.
VA 22303. Tel: (703) 329-6333 Fax: (703) 329-8052.
(703) 329-6333 Fax: (703) 329-8052.
HIT publications, write to the above-listed distributors

To order IIIT or contact:
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64 Tel: (703) 471-1133 (703) 471-3922.
Fax: (703)
471-1133 Fax:
INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC
PUBLISHING HOUSE
PUBLISHING HOUSE
AND
THE INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
moUGHT
OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT
1401-1981
ISLAMIZATION
ISLAMIZATIONOF
OF KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE SERIES NO. 3
SERIES NO.
TOWARD
TOWARD
,.
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
ISLAMIC ENGLISH
Isma'il al FarOcii
Raji al
(small RAO Faruqi

Toward Islamic English

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Read in the name of

Read in the name of

44-1 ~..,..~~I ~.,...~.ll.J'":'~I ~:,_,:.,, _,...!.;

44-1 ~..,..~~I ~.,...~.ll.J'":'~I ~:,_,:.,, _,...!.;

a;~ J_,A).-1 ~ © What is Islamic English?

a;~ J_,A).-1 ~ © What is Islamic English?

I. WHAT IS ISLAMIC ENGLISH?

I. WHAT IS ISLAMIC ENGLISH?

~Lo! IMAM community

~Lo! IMAM community

~ JAHANNAM eternal fire which is the

~ JAHANNAM eternal fire which is the

j.h.L11 AL KHABTR a divine name, the All-Knowing

ALHAMID a divine name, He Who is worthy KHALIFAH (p1. KHULAFA', KHALA'IF)

j.h.L11 AL KHABTR a divine name, the All-Knowing

ALHAMID a divine name, He Who is worthy KHALIFAH (p1. KHULAFA', KHALA'IF)

~ SAJADA to prostrate oneself,

~ SAJADA to prostrate oneself,

~ FATANA misguid~or influence

~ FATANA misguid~or influence

'ILAL ALAL HADITH · ... ;11 ~~I AL HADl'rH

'ILAL ALAL HADITH · ... ;11 ~~I AL HADl'rH

%J..4,11 I AL MASALIH AL MURSALAH 0.0i....411 AL QISAS

%J..4,11 I AL MASALIH AL MURSALAH 0.0i....411 AL QISAS

<lll 'JI ~I 'J

<lll 'JI ~I 'J

':?lll <lll ~1 ASTAGHFIR ALLAH ALLAH ALLADHIALLADHILA LA

':?lll <lll ~1 ASTAGHFIR ALLAH ALLAH ALLADHIALLADHILA LA

41.ilc9 4111 SHAFAKUM ALLAH

41.ilc9 4111 SHAFAKUM ALLAH

United Kingdom: Muslim Services, 233

HIT publications, write to the above-listed distributors

United Kingdom: Muslim Services, 233

HIT publications, write to the above-listed distributors

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