ZANZIBAR UNIVERSITY

COURSE NAME: COMPUTER SKILLS

COURSE CODE: 127

FACULTY: LLB

SUBMITTED BY: AIDA M. MADDY

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 17202001

SUBMITTED TO: OMMAR KASSIM

SUBMISSION DATE: 03/12/2017

QUESTIONS:
01. Explain how energy is transformed from one state to another, and
relate how they work in computer to produce sound, light and heat.
02. Mention all types of memories.
Question 1.
One main feature of energy is that it can neither be created nor destroyed but it can only be
transferred from one state to another. Energy is the ability of doing work. This means that
anything which move from its original position to another must use energy either internal
or external energy. There are many form of energy, but scientist categorizes them into two
main types which are Kinetic and Potential energy. Potential energy is the energy
possessed by an object and it can affect other objects directly or indirectly. But kinetic
energy includes all energy that are in motion such as electricity, wind as well as water.
Other form of energy includes:- Thermal energy, Nuclear energy, Chemical energy, Sound
energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy and magnetic energy. The following are some
example of energy conversion:-
I. Chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy by power plant: Coal is
burned at a power plant. The chemical energy released as the coal is burned heats
water and turns it into steam. The chemical energy causes the liquid water
molecules to move faster increasing their thermal energy.
II. Wind energy transformed into Electrical Energy by windmills: in this conversion
wind turns propeller-like blades around a roter. The roter is connected to the main
shift which spins a generator to produce electricity.
III. Solar energy transformed into electrical energy: Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV)
panels convert the sun's rays into electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells
using the photons of light from the sun.
IV. Electrical energy transformed into Mechanical energy by motor: Electric motors
produce mechanical energy by interaction between magnetic field which is
generated by passing current through wire which in the end produces mechanical
energy. The best example is how fan work.
V. Mechanical energy transformed into Electrical energy: within a generator there
are magnets and coils which turn motion into the voltage and current. Hence
mechanical energy creates motion and the motion is converted by generator into
electricity
 VI. Electrical Energy transformed to Thermal Energy: sometimes electrical energy is
turned into thermal energy by using different instruments. Example A stove
plugged into a wall outlet takes the moving electric charges, electrical energy and
changes them into thermal energy by causing the heating coils to get very hot for
cooking.

But the hot discussion remains on how the electrical energy in a computer is transformed into
different kind of energy and uses such as sound as well as vision. In explaining that issue the
electrical energy enter in to computer in bit and they are digitally translated to carry out desired
instruction. For example sound is produced from electrical energy by using speaker which have
magnetic coils which receive electric current and allow vibration in desired system, as well as
wave of sound are created due to the movements of electron in the electromagnetic coils in speaker
to produce sound.

1. PERMANENT MEMORY: types of permanent memory are as follows :

a. READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM):
b. PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY (PROM) i.e. CD-ROM & DVD-
ROM, DVD-R or DVD+R
c. ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY (EPROM) i.e. DVD-
RW, FLASH MEMORY
d. ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY
(EEPROM).
e. FLASH MEMORY, FLOPPY DISKS AND OPTICAL DISKS

2. TEMPORARY MEMORY: is a short term memory for temporal information for example
Random Access Memory
REFERENCE:

Https://Medhealth.leads.ac.uk

Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov