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Frederick II of Prussia
• Frederick II ruled Prussia (what is now Poland and
northern Germany) from 1740 until 1786.
• Frederick was a Protestant, and called himself “the
first servant of the state.”
• Frederick’s several reforms included: religious
tolerance toward Catholics, a more just legal
system, freedom of the press, improved education,
and outlawed.
Democratic Ideas Develop (Part 2)
Joseph II of Austria
• Joseph II of Austria ruled from 1780 to 1790, and
based his reforms on the principles of equality and
freedom.
• Joseph abolished serfdom, allowed freedom of the
press, freedom of worship (even Jews), improved
the justice system, and abolished the death
penalty.
WATCH Vienna (Wien)