Test Bank For by The People 1st Edition by Fraser

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eu/
Test Bank for By The People 1st Edition by Fraser

Complete downloadable file at:
https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-By-The-People-1st-Edition-by-Fraser
1) While there is great debate about just when the FIRST Americans migrated from Asia to North
America, modern anthropologists agree that the following made the trip possible:
A) ice holding so much water in glaciers, making it possible to walk from Siberia across what is
now the Bering Sea into North America and then down through passageways in the glaciers.
B) large boats facilitating transoceanic contact between the Jomon culture of Northeast Asia and
the Valdivia culture of Ecuador.
C) an underground tunnel connecting the northern tip of Asia in Siberia and North America
making the earliest American migration possible.
D) large boats facilitating transoceanic contact between Polynesians in modern American Samoa
or Tonga and the Pacific coast of modern California.
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_01_The Peopling of North America_Understand the Connections_LO 1.1
Learning Objective: 1.1
Topic: The Peopling of North America
Skill Level: Understand the Connections
Difficulty Level: 2 –Moderate
2) When does geological evidence indicate that various peoples were living in every part of
North America and South America?
A) 36,000 years ago
B) 32,000 years ago
C) 25,000 years ago
D) 14,000 years ago
Answer: D
Question Title: TB_01_02_The Peopling of North America_Remember the Facts_LO 1.1
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Difficulty Level: 1 – Easy
1
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3) Which of the following is TRUE about the creation stories of Native Americans?
A) The stories closely mirror evidence developed from the archeological record.
B) Many Native American tribes have their own distinctive creation stories containing
mythological elements involving the natural world.
C) They are remarkably similar in their details and creation explanations.
D) The archeological record shows that each tribe’s storytellers modified creation stories over
time.
Answer: B
Difficulty Level: 2 – Moderate
4) What is the name of the early residents of North America who anthropologists believe were
the first immigrants to the Americas?
A) the Anaszi people
B) the Chokia people
C) the Zuni people
D) the Clovis people
Answer: D
5) What did the disappearance of the Bering Land Bridge mean for further human migration
from Alaska to the southern tip of South America?
A) Any further migration from Alaska to South America had to be by boat.
B) Any further migration from Alaska to South America had to occur much later than 14,000
years ago.
C) Any further migration from Alaska to South America had to be created by the development of
a mini-Ice Age permitting another land bridge from North America to South America.
D) This disappearance of the Bering Land Bridge had no implications for further migration from
Alaska to the southern tip of South America.
Answer: A
2
6) What do anthropologists believe about the Clovis spear point?

A) They believe that the Clovis spear point was an invention that early Americans developed
long after they had lost contact with Asia.
B) They believe that the Clovis spear point was an invention first invented in Siberia and brought
to North America during their trek across the Bering Land Bridge.
C) They believe that the Clovis spear point was the least sophisticated spear point found in North
America.
D) They believe that the Clovis spear point was the oldest spear point used in North America by
the early residents of North America.
Answer: A
7) What did the experience of the American Indian Natchez tribe reveal about a common
migration pattern of pre-Columbian American Indian tribes in North America?
A) Many American tribes remained in the geographic area where they first settled in North
America, regardless of changing hunting or farming conditions at that locale.
B) Many American tribes seldom moved from the geographic area where they first settled in
North America, regardless of threats or warfare from belligerent American Indian neighbors.
C) Many American tribes moved often, seeking better hunting or farming or to escape more
belligerent and war-making American Indian neighbors.
D) The migration patterns of many American Indian tribes in the pre-Columbian times were
determined by religious principles and ideas.
Answer: C
3
8) All of the following were TRUE of the Anasazi people EXCEPT

A) they began building communities in New Mexico and Arizona perhaps 700 years before the
arrival of Columbus.
B) they cultivated crops such as corn, beans, squash, and chilies to feed a settled, urbanized
community.
C) they developed Chaco Canyon, a large city in northwest New Mexico as the hub of a
widespread trade and ceremonial network.
D) they managed to avoid the slow decline that plagued other early American peoples such as the
Hohokam because of their adaptability to significant droughts.
Answer: D
9) What constituted the center of culture of the Cahokia people—or the Mound Builders—of the
Mississippi Valley?
A) cliff dwellings that offered protection from enemies, since they could be reached only by
ladders
B) scattered pueblos and villages that the first Spanish explorers encountered in the 1500s
C) a city surrounded by strong wooden walls with thatch-covered houses that were home to
20,000 to 40,000 people
D) a hunting and gathering economy that supported small, somewhat unsettled communities
Answer: C
10) In Cahokia and in most settled Native American cultures, the surplus farming of a variety of
agricultural crops
A) was men's work.
B) was supplemented by men hunting animals to produce a rich supply of food to sustain a large
community that included many who neither farmed nor hunted.
C) was evenly divided between men and women.
D) was never sustained because they did not understand the seasonal nature of specific crops or
how to store safely surplus crops like squash and beans.
Answer: B
4
11) Many North American tribes developed their own mythological stories about how their
people emerged onto the earth through some ancient pilgrimage.
Answer: TRUE
12) Changing climatic conditions had little influence on the agricultural development of the
Cahokia culture and economy.
Answer: FALSE
5
13) Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of the Anasazi, Hohokam, and Cahokia
cultures. What factors influenced the respective economic and cultural development of these
three early Native American cultures?
Answer: An ideal answer will:
1. Illustrate how the Anasazi, Hokokam and Cahokia cultures adopted cultivated surplus
agriculture and seasonal crops and established settled communities in their respective geographic
locales.
2. Compare and contrast how the success of the described agricultural systems, trading
networks, and settled communities created by the Anasazi, Hohokam, and Cahokia cultures were
connected to the development of differentiated societies.
3. Compare and contrast the geographic areas, timelines, urban density, and population size of
the respective communities built in North America by the Anasazi, Hohokam, and Cahokia
culture.
4. Compare and contrast the defensive and climatic protective roles of cliff-dwelling housing
and palaces of the Anasazi culture with the protective high walls and thatched-roof houses of the
city where Cahokia people resided.
5. Compare and contrast the roles and archaeological evidence of religious and lifecycle
activities of the so-called Mound Builders (Cahokia people) with the roles and archaeological
evidence of religious and lifecycle activities of the Anasazi people.
6. Compare and contrast how the temperate warming of the earth and drought both affected the
progressive evolution and decline of the Anasazi and Cahokia agricultural communities.
7. Compare and contrast evidence about how the abandoned ruins of Cahokia, Hohokam, and
Anasazi communities may have influenced the development of other Native American
communities in their respective regions.
8. Write a concise and effective conclusion.
Question Title: TB_01_13_The Peopling of North America_Analyze It_LO 1.1
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: 3 – Difficult
6
14) All of the following illustrated the diversity of the American Indian cultures in North
America in the 1400s EXCEPT
A) the plethora of languages spoken by 500 to 600 independent societies.
B) their varying views of the community or the individual as being the focus of life and labor.
C) different approaches to hunting and farming.
D) different understandings of the spiritual.
Answer: B
Question Title: TB_01_14_The Diverse Communities of the Americas in the 1400s_Understand
the Connections_LO 1.2
Topic: The Diverse Communities of the Americas in the 1400s
15) All of the following caused American Indian populations to ebb and flow EXCEPT
A) climatic changes leading to seasons of famine and seasons of plenty.
B) success and failure in war.
C) the spread of disease.
D) the rate of individual Native Americans accumulating valuable possessions.
Answer: D
16) What allowed Pueblo and Hopi agriculture to flourish in their Southwest settlements?
A) an intricate maze of canals, dams, and terracing
B) relying on crops other than corn, brown beans, and various forms of squash
C) a temperate climate
D) obtaining new agricultural techniques and utilizing labor from other nearby American Indian
tribes
Answer: A
7
17) What was one of the key causes of the decline and the abandonment of the Cahokia and the
mound-building culture?
A) warfare with competing tribes
B) extreme drought
C) the onset of a rapidly colder climate known as the "Little Ice Age" that adversely affected
their agriculture
D) rampant disease introduced by another unknown tribe or an animal
Answer: C
Question Title: TB_01_17_The Diverse Communities of the Americas in the 1400s_Remember
the Facts_LO 1.2
18) What was TRUE of the American Indian tribes that came to dominate parts of Georgia,
Tennessee, and North Carolina after the disappearance of the Cahokia?
A) They were linguistically connected with the Creeks and the Choctaws.
B) Most of these tribes lived in small communities of 500 to 2,000 people.
C) Most of these tribes lived in cities similar to Cahokia.
D) They did not exchange corn or meat with neighboring villages.
Answer: B
19) How did first European explorers who arrived in the 1540s describe the settlements they
found in modern South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee?
A) large settlements with rich well-tended fields and well-designed houses and villages
B) very small settlements with rich well-tended fields and well-designed houses and villages
C) large settlements with poorly tended fields and poorly designed houses and villages
D) very small settlements with well-tended fields and poorly designed houses and villages
Answer: A
8
20) How did the Pacific Coast Indians adapt to their physical environment to develop a settled
and healthy community life?
A) They relied on the abundant salmon in their nearby rivers to smoke and dry them for year-
round consumption.
B) They built dams to control the water flow of nearby rivers.
C) They created a hunting and gathering society.
D) They constructed thatched-roof houses to protect them from the rain and wind.
Answer: A
21) What innovative approach did the Iroquois nations develop to sustain themselves in their
encounters with other tribes and the Europeans?
A) hostage-taking of members of hostile tribes as well as Europeans
B) a political alliance of the original five Iroquois nations to create a united front
C) clans led by men governing the five nations
D) the building of cliff dwellings in the Northeast for defensive purposes
Answer: B
22) All of the following were characteristics of the Algonquian-speaking tribes in North America
EXCEPT
A) they were located on the Atlantic Coast and on the eastern slopes of the Appalachians.
B) they engaged in hunting and fishing as well as farming corn, beans, and squash.
C) they lived in permanent towns and villages.
D) the absence of any discernible social life.
Answer: D
9
23) All of the following characterized the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán EXCEPT
A) it used Toltec architectural designs in designing a new and grander capital.
B) it contained huge markets to exchange gold and jewelry, pottery and baskets, meat, fish, fruit,
and vegetables.
C) it was built on an island.
D) it was not easy to defend from other belligerent American Indian tribes.
Answer: D
24) All of the following characterized Aztec society EXCEPT

A) a highly stratified society ruled by an emperor and priests at the top.
B) an extensive trade network with other peoples.
C) the creation of long-term, permanent alliances with other tribes that permitted them to
maintain a relatively small army and avoid regular warfare with other tribes.
D) occasional war with other tribes to expand their empire.
Answer: C
25) What was distinctive about the Mayan culture in comparison with other early American
cultures?
A) The Mayans were the only culture to develop a fully functional written language.
B) The Mayans practiced human sacrifice extensively.
C) The Mayans subjugated other nearby tribes in pursuit of people and goods.
D) The Mayans had developed sophisticated systems of mathematics and a calendar that
projected time into the future.
Answer: A
10
26) All of the following were TRUE about the Mayans in the 1400s EXCEPT
A) the remains of their greatest architecture were still observable.
B) most of their historic trade routes with other empires were destroyed due to warfare.
C) they were still a strong presence in western Mexico and Central America, despite being in a
period of decline.
D) they still produced and traded cotton.
Answer: B
27) What was a distinguishing characteristic of the Inca Empire among other early American
Indian empires of the Americas?
A) The Inca Empire was the smallest American Indian empire of the Americas.
B) The Inca Empire engaged in animal sacrifice.
C) The Inca Empire was relatively new when the Europeans encountered it in the 1400s.
D) The Inca Empire was the largest empire of the Americas with a sophisticated centralized
government.
Answer: B
28) All of the following were TRUE of the Inca Empire EXCEPT
A) it extended along the Pacific coast of South America from southern Colombia to northern
Chile and included all of modern day Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
B) the Incas ruled some 32 million people from their capital of Cuzco and from the mountain
fortress of Machu Picchu.
C) Incan religion did not play a significant role in how the emperor or his family were viewed by
the people.
D) it included a vast bureaucracy and army as well as 25,000 miles of roads and bridges.
Answer: C
11
29) All of the following prevented American Indian tribes from developing a unified resistance to
the first European aggression in the 1400s and later in the 1500s and 1600s EXCEPT
A) American Indians thought of themselves as particular tribes or some other discrete population
and not as American Indians or Native Americans.
B) American Indians had very different conceptions among themselves of the goals and
objectives of warfare.
C) American Indian tribes were loath to break their trading relationships with Europeans that
benefited their well-established trading networks.
D) American Indian tribes were not prepared to drop European allies who could be enlisted to
attack long-standing American Indian enemies.
Answer: B
30) The ownership status of the Iroquois long houses of families and the land around these
houses reflected the communal principles of American Indians.
Answer: TRUE
the Facts_LO 1.2
31) The Aztec and Incan empires shared the fact that they were both relatively new when
Europeans first encountered each of them in the 1500s.
Answer: TRUE
the Facts_LO 1.2
12
32) How did North and South American Native American tribes view themselves and how did
individual tribes perceive their relations with other tribes? How did the establishment of
extensive trading networks and warfare among Native American tribes in North and South
America affect these self-perceptions, perceptions of other tribes, and their actions when the first
European aggressions and encounters occurred in the 1400s?
1. Discuss how individual North and South American tribes viewed themselves as distinctive
tribes or as some other discrete population, at the center of their own created world, and not as
American Indians or Native Americans.
2. Discuss how this particularized and individualized mindset of Native American tribes was
reinforced by significant language differences, differences between hunting peoples and
agricultural peoples over land encroachments, different religious customs, and geographical
distance.
3. Discuss the development of extensive, vast trading networks linking, for example, the Aztec
Empire across all parts of North America with different American Indian tribes.
4. Assert that despite maintaining extensive trade networks and conducting warfare with other
tribes, each native North and South American tribe continued to view themselves as the center of
its own world.
5. Assert that power of specific cultural differences and variations in customs among tribes
were more influential than the development trading networks and the outbreak of war with other
tribes in formulating and reinforcing the Native Americans’ parochial and narrow tribal mindset.
6. Analyze how this mindset of Native American tribes prevented any unified resistance to the
first European aggressions of the 1400s and 1500s.
7. Analyze how this mindset made Native American tribes willing to build trading networks and
warfare alliances with Europeans if they thought these trading network and warfare alliances
would result in gaining a strategic advantage over another tribe.
Question Title: TB_01_32_The Diverse Communities of the Americas in the 1400s_Analyze
It_LO 1.2
13
33) What event decimated the population of Europe in the 1300s, reducing the population by as
much as half?
A) The Black Death (bubonic plague)
B) The Peasants’ Revolt
C) The Great Famine
D) The Hundred Years’ War
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_33_A Changing Europe in the 1400s_Remember the Facts_LO 1.3
Topic: A Changing Europe in the 1400s
34) What institution dominated religious life in Europe in the 1400s?

A) Jewish synagogues
B) a unified Roman Catholic Church
C) the Ottoman Empire (Islam)
D) No institution dominated religious life in Europe because it was evenly divided among Jews,
Catholics, and Muslims.
Answer: B
35) What event in the mid-1400s caused Christian Europe to seek new ways to reach Asia for
more direct and effective trading opportunities with Asia?
A) a political revolution in China
B) a massive earthquake in China
C) the fall of Constantinople to the political control of the Muslim Ottoman Turks
D) the decline of the city states of Italy, Genoa, especially Venice and Florence
Answer: C
14
36) What did the Portuguese expeditions of Prince Henry, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama
in the 1400s eventually lead to in regard to furthering Portugal’s ambitions?
A) They led to developing massive new African trade in gold and other commodities.
B) They extended warfare with Spain for most of the century.
C) They extended warfare with France for most of the century.
D) The failures of these expeditions led Portugal to abandon future oceanic expeditions and
curtail overseas trade in the late 1400s and most of the 1500s.
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_36_A Changing Europe in the 1400s_Understand the Connections_LO
1.3
37) With the exploration of Africa in the 1400s, Europeans soon developed new forms of
A) forced religious conversions.
B) slavery.
C) indentured servitude.
D) free contractual labor.
Answer: B
1.3
38) What restricted England and France in engaging in overseas exploration during the late
1300s and 1400s?
A) widespread destruction and death caused by war and plague
B) the lack of interest by English and French monarchs in overseas exploration and empire-
building
C) the political divisions within the English and French kingdoms
D) the absence of an adequate navy and commercial ships to explore Africa and India
Answer: A
1.3
15
39) What difficulty limited what is now modern Italy in engaging in external overseas
exploration during the 1400s?
A) Italy lacked competent sailors in its Italian city-states, principalities, and kingdoms.
B) Italy was bitterly divided into many competing, independent free cities, principalities, and
small kingdoms that were often at war with each other.
C) The Italian city-states, principalities, and small kingdoms lacked sufficient economic
resources to sponsor organized external explorations.
D) Many Italian sailors preferred working for other European governments than for leaders of
their own Italian city-states, principalities, and small kingdoms.
Answer: B
1.3
40) The political divisions of Spain among Christian and Muslim kingdoms during the medieval
era up until the late 1400s
A) resulted in some of the richest cultural and scientific developments in all of Europe.
B) was detrimental to the religious freedom of the Jews in Spain.
C) was not accompanied by protracted warfare between Christian and Muslim armies.
D) slowed the flow of Islamic culture and raw materials into Europe.
Answer: A
1.3
41) What late 15th-century development set the stage for Spain being newly able to launch
expeditions of discovery in the Atlantic?
A) the fall of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain from power
B) the expulsion of all Jews from Spain
C) the division of Spain into four Christian kingdoms and one Muslim kingdom
D) the political, religious, and cultural unification of Spain led by King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain, culminating in 1492 with the Reconquista
Answer: D
1.3
16
42) Portuguese exploration of Africa was driven primarily by the pursuit of gold and slaves on
the continent.
Answer: TRUE
43) Spain’s division into Christian and Muslim kingdoms did not influence its ability to launch
expeditions of discovery in the Atlantic.
Answer: FALSE
44) Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social conditions of Portugal, Italy,
England, and France at the onset of the Age of Exploration. What permitted Spain to be able to
gain an advantage in westward expansion by 1492?
1. Discuss the efforts of Prince Henry the Navigator to organize a long series of expeditions that
sailed farther and farther south along the coast of Africa in the wake of the adverse trading
consequences created by the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
2. Discuss the establishment by Portugal of a string of trading colonies in India, China, and
Indonesia and a massive new African trade in gold and slaves.
3. Discuss how the division of Italy into many competing, independent free cities, principalities,
and small kingdoms that spoke different and incomprehensible languages hampered the initiation
of significant organized external explorations by these Italian entities.
4. Discuss how the influence of the destruction of war, including the Hundred Years War (1137-
1453) and civil wars in England and France, and plague left little time, money, or national
energies to devote to overseas exploration.
5. Evaluate how Spanish political divisions and battles between Christian and Muslim armies
initially severely limited the ability of the separate Christian and Muslim kingdoms of Spain to
engage in overseas exploration from 1400 until the late 1400s.
6. Analyze how the completion of the Reconquista and the unification of Spain under Isabella
and Ferdinand in 1492 permitted Spain to mobilize its significant economic and technological
resources to follow and eventually exceed Portugal’s successes in overseas explorations and
trade.
Question Title: TB_01_44_A Changing Europe in the 1400s_Analyze It_LO 1.3
17
45) The coastal areas of Africa south of Sahara that were first encountered by Portuguese traders
in the 1400s were
A) equal to Europe in military, cultural, and technological terms.
B) inferior to Europe in military and cultural terms, but not in technological terms.
C) superior to Europe in military, cultural, and technological terms.
D) superior to Europe in military and cultural terms, but not in technological terms.
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_45_Africa in the 1400s_Understand the Connections_LO 1.4
Topic: Africa in the 1400s
46) One notable Malian king, Mansa Musa, was known for the establishment of
A) Catholic churches and monasteries.
B) housing for the poor.
C) an Islamic university at Timbuktu and the construction of mosques.
D) opulent palaces made of gold and silver.
Answer: C
47) The power of the Mali, Ghana, and Songhay empires can be attributed, in part, to
A) the benevolent, decentralized rule of their kings.
B) their extensive and harsh use of slavery.
C) lucrative trade with traders arriving in caravans from Egypt, the Middle East, and Europe.
D) Muslim domination of these lands.
Answer: C
18
48) Which following feature distinguished the Kongo kingdom from other Central African
kingdoms in the 1400s?
A) the penetration of Catholicism into the kingdom including the monarchy
B) the ability of Kongo nobles or electors to choose a different successor than the father or
brother of a deceased Kongo king
C) wealth generated by trade
D) the practice of African slavery
Answer: A
49) What allowed West Africans to resist the initial and subsequent Portuguese attempts to
conquer their nations in the 1400s?
A) The strategic use of powerful small canoes frustrated Portuguese military efforts even before
they landed on unknown shores.
B) The massive and well-equipped West African armies overwhelmed the fewer, poorly equipped
Portuguese soldiers on land.
C) The Portuguese were not resistant to deadly African diseases.
D) The Portuguese were half-hearted and ambivalent about their attempts to conquer these
African nations.
Answer: A
50) All of the following describe the Portuguese involvement in slavery in Africa during the
1400s EXCEPT
A) the Portuguese shifted part of the African slave trade to Europeans on the coast and away
from Arab-dominated overland routes across the Sahara.
B) far fewer slaves and Portuguese slave traders were involved in the slave trade in the 1400s
than were involved in the 1600s or 1700s.
C) the Portuguese shipped most African slaves out of Africa and treated African slaves very
harshly.
D) the Portuguese involvement in slavery in Africa represented the first time in history that
Africans participated in slavery.
Answer: D
19
51) What was the most common reason that Africans were enslaved by other Africans?
A) as punishment for crime
B) payment for debt
C) captured in war from other communities
D) adultery by a tribal member
Answer: C
52) Africans were similar to American Indians in that

A) they each thought of themselves as members of a tribe, not as members of a larger cultural
group connected by geography or trading networks.
B) enslaving members of another tribe distressed both Africans and American Indians.
C) they disregarded the potential profitability of capturing and selling slaves during wartime.
D) they engaged in a form of slavery more horrific and terrifying than that engaged in the
Portuguese or the Spanish.
Answer: A
53) How did the form of slavery introduced and practiced by Europeans in the mid-1400s differ
from that practiced by African tribes?
A) The effort to completely destroy the language, culture, and identity of slaves was undertaken
for the first time by Europeans, not by Africans practicing slavery.
B) The slave trade was a commercial, profitable venture as practiced by Europeans but not by
Africans.
C) Slavery was an outgrowth of warfare practiced by Europeans against Africans but never
utilized by one African tribe against another.
D) Slaves captured and sold by Europeans lost their freedom for a lifetime, while, African
slavery more closely resembled a long indentured servitude.
Answer: A
20
54) Africans traded over great distances and their major trade routes made trade centers like
Timbuktu and Gao wealthy and powerful.
Answer: TRUE
Question Title: TB_01_54_Africa in the 1400s_Remember the Facts_LO 1.4
55) In the 1400s, European and African slave traders initiated a form of slavery that was a more
horrific and dehumanizing form of slavery than previously committed within the economic
systems of West Africa.
Answer: TRUE
Question Title: TB_01_55_Africa in the 1400s_Remember the Facts_LO 1.4
56) Why were the Portuguese unable to coerce West and Central African states in the 1400s into
accepting a subjugated economic and political relationship? What political, military, and
economic advantages did these Western and Central African states possess that enabled them to
resist the efforts at political conquest and economic subjugation by the Portuguese? What
alternative approach to a military-based colonial conquest did the Portuguese implement when it
became clear that political conquest would be untenable?
1. Discuss how economic trade by specific Central African and West African states generated
wealth in terms of gold, ivory, slave trade, silks, and other fine goods.
2. Discuss how the centralized government of several of these Central African and West African
states helped them mobilize resistance to Portuguese aggression.
3. Discuss how both the centralized government and substantial wealth from trade of these
Central African and West African states led to military power that permitted West Africans to
resist the initial and subsequent Portuguese efforts at political conquest and economic
subjugation.
4. Discuss how the Portuguese’s inferior canoes, fewer fighters, and unfamiliarity with
unchartered and hostile African rivers put them at a military disadvantage in their initial attempts
at conquest of these Central African and West African states.
5. Discuss how the Portuguese recognized as early as 1456 that their military disadvantages
meant that it would be preferable to negotiate treaties of peace and commerce with African rulers
of several states.
Question Title: TB_01_56_Africa in the 1400s_Analyze It_LO 1.4
21
57) All of the following were features of Chinese oceanic exploration EXCEPT
A) Chinese fleets were commissioned to by Emperor Zhu Di to sail to South Asia, India, and
East Africa.
B) the Chinese treasure fleets mapped the Indian Ocean.
C) Chinese ocean exploration ceased for nearly 200 years following an edict issued by Chinese
emperor Zhu Gaozhi in 1424.
D) Chinese ocean exploration came at minimal political, financial, and human cost.
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_57_Asia in the 1400s_Understand the Connections_LO 1.5
Topic: Asia in the 1400s
58) What was one key reason why China played no role in the initial creation of the new
interconnected political and economic world that developed in the mid-late 1400s?
A) Internal political opposition from mandarins to high status of naval officers in charge of the
fleets pressured Chinese emperors to discontinue oceanic exploration.
B) The thousands of artisans who built the ships rebelled violently against successive Chinese
emperors in the mid-1400s.
C) The unity of China was destroyed by civil war in the early-mid 1400s.
D) China lacked the technological know-how and competent Chinese sailors to engage in
significant oceanic exploration.
Answer: A
Question Title: TB_01_58_Asia in the 1400s_Understand the Connections_LO 1.5
59) Chinese fleets that sailed to South Asia, India, and East Africa in the early 1400s mapped the
Indian Ocean and brought back trade goods and topographic and nautical knowledge in the early
1400s.
Answer: TRUE
Question Title: TB_01_59_Asia in the 1400s_ Remember the Facts _LO 1.5
22
60) From the mid-1400s and through the mid-1600s, China became increasingly isolated from
the rest of the non-Asian world and played no role in the development of the Americas.
Answer: TRUE
Question Title: TB_01_60_Asia in the 1400s_ Remember the Facts _LO 1.5
61) Why did China NOT take the lead in global exploration that began in the 15th century? What
consequences did this decision by China have on the exploration by European nations of the
Americas and Africa?
1. Discuss the political opposition of China’s influential highly educated, professional
bureaucrats, the mandarins, to continuing China’s early efforts at oceanic exploration in the 15th
century.
2. Discuss the enormous financial and environmental costs involved in sustaining Chinese
overseas exploration as a cause for China discontinuing global exploration.
3. Discuss the labor and human resource costs involved in ship-building and the shortage of
sailors after China’s initial forays into global oceanic exploration.
4. Discuss the vulnerabilities to invasion from the northwest regions that China’s early oceanic
voyages produced.
5. Discuss the long-term political implications of Emperor Zhu Gaozhi in 1424 issuing an edict
prohibiting the construction and oceanic voyages of all Chinese “treasure ships.”
6. Discuss how Chinese isolation from the rest of the non-Asian world meant that a potential
highly competitive imperial competitor of Portugal, Spain, England, and France for political and
economic influence in the Americas and Africa had been removed for approximately 200 years.
Question Title: TB_01_61_Asia in the 1400s_Analyze It_LO 1.5
23

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