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INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
NEED FOR 8259A
• 8085 Processor has only 5 hardware interrupts.
• Consider an application where a number of I/O devices
connected with CPU desire to transfer data using
interrupt driven data transfer mode. In this process more
number of interrupt pins are required.
• In these multiple interrupt systems the processor will
have to take care of priorities.
8259A PIC
• Able to handle a number of interrupts at a
time.
• Takes care of a number of simultaneously
appearing interrupt requests along with
their types and priorities.
• Compatible with 8-bit as well as 16-bit
processors.
8259A PIC- FEATURES
• Manage 8 interrupts according to the instructions
written into the control registers.
• Vector an interrupt request anywhere in the
memory map. However all the 8 interrupts are
spaced at an interval of four to eight locations.
• Resolve 8 levels of interrupt priorities in variety
of modes.
• Mask each interrupt request individually.
• Read the status of pending interrupts, in-service
interrupts and masked interrupts.
8259A PIC- FEATURES
• Be set up to accept either the level triggered or
the edge triggered interrupt request.
• Be expanded to 64 priority levels by cascading
additional 8259As.
• Compatible with 8-bit as well as 16-bit
processors.
8259A PIC- BLOCK DIAGRAM
It includes 8 blocks.
• Control logic
• Read/Write logic
• Data bus buffer
• Three registers (IRR,ISR and IMR)
• Priority resolver
• Cascade Buffer
8259A PIC- PIN DIGRAM
8259A PIC- BLOCK DIAGRAM
8259A PIC- INTERRUPTS AND CONTROL
LOGIC SECTION
This section consists of
• IRR (Interrupt
IRR
Request Register) • 8 interrupt inputs set
corresponding bits of
• ISR (In-Service
IRR
Register)
• Used to store the
• Priority Resolver
information about the
• IMR (Interrupt Mask interrupt inputs
Register) requesting service.
• Control logic block
8259A PIC- INTERRUPTS AND CONTROL
LOGIC SECTION
IMR
• This register can be programmed by an OCW to
store the bits which mask specific interrupts.
• IMR operates on the IRR.
• An interrupt which is masked by software (By
programming the IMR) will not be recognized
and serviced even if it sets corresponding bits in
the IRR.
8259A PIC- INTERRUPTS AND CONTROL
LOGIC SECTION
CONTROL LOGIC
• Has two pins:
INT (Interrupt) Output
( Interrupt Acknowledge) Input
• INT Connected to Interrupt pin of MPU.
When interrupt occurs this pin goes high.
8259A PIC- BLOCK DIAGRAM
DATA BUS BUFFER
• 8 bit
• Bidirectional
• Tri-state Buffer used to Interface the 8259 to the
system data bus.
• Control words, Status words and vectoring data
are all passed through the data bus buffer.
8259A PIC- READ/WRITE CONTROL LOGIC
SECTION
• The master puts out the identification code to select one of the slave
from 8 slaves through these pins.
• The slave accepts these three signals as inputs and compare the
code put out by the master with the codes assigned to them during
initialization.
• The slave thus selected puts out the address of ISR during second
and third interrupt acknowledge pulses from the CPU.
8259A PIC- CASCADE BUFFER/
COMPARATOR
Slave Program/ Enable Buffer:
• Used to specify whether 8259 is to act as a
master or a slave
High Master
Low Slave
• In Non-Buffered Mode, this pin is used to specify
whether 8259 is to act as a master or a slave.
• In Buffered mode this pin is used as an output to
enable the data bus buffer of the system.
8259A PIC- INTERRUPT OPERATION
p
For 8085 system they are filled by A15-A11 of the interrupt vector address and
Least significant 3 bits are same as the respective bits of the vector address.
For 8086 system they are filled by most significant 5 bits of interrupt type and
the least significant 3 bits are 0, pointing to IR0.
If BUF=0,M/S is to be neglected.
8259A- OPERATING MODES
FULLY NESTED MODE:
• General purpose mode.
• All IRs are arranged from highest to lowest.
• IR0 Highest IR7Lowest
BUFFERED MODE
CASCADE MODE
ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF THE 8259A
INTERRUPT TRIGGERING:
• 8259A can accept an interrupt request with either the
edge triggered or level triggered mode.
• Mode is determined by initialization instructions.
INTERRUPT STATUS:
• The status of the three interrupt registers (IRR, ISR and
IMR) can be read, and this status information can be
used to make the interrupt process versatile.
POLL METHOD:
• 8259A can be set up to function in polled environment.
• MPU polls the 8259A rather than each peripheral.