“All of those interviewed, as well as the background literature reviewed, emphasized the

challenge presented by the unpredictable and time-consuming permitting process. The

regulating entities vary by state, and often include multiple agencies within a single state, with
varying requirements. It is therefore unsurprising that collaboration and cross-agency and -state
communications were raised as important components of successful LS implementation [5]. “
(WoodsHole state of the practice)

To what extent does the nationwide permit streamline the creation process?

Ex lit review http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00184.1

What about permitting? Different permits for different districts? How do permits impact
the implementation vs laws impacting implementation?
● Regulations may encourage living shorelines, but it might be easier to get a permit for an
armored shoreline
● “Approved General Permits” include (“Maryland General Permits”)
● You also have to get a permit -
○ What permits do you need for shoreline engineering?
○ do the permits have conditions that say a living shoreline must be the first
option?

Make sure you check what these regulations apply to - there are lots of definitions of
living shorelines, and you have to make sure they are not completely restricting
development, but are actively including HYBRID infrastructure as well as natural
infrastructure in their regulations. If they are not, specify this in your summary.

Nationwide Permits
● http://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Portals/31/docs/regulatory/nationwidepermits/Nationwide
%20Permit%2054.pdf - Living Shorelines
● https://gulfofmexicoalliance.org/2015/06/restore-americas-estuaries-releases-new-
report-on-living-shorelines/

Must email
Emailed, awaiting response
No response for over a week
Followed up
No luck
Can’t find info

Sites
http://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/Alabama-Living-
Shorelines-5-19-15-2.pdf

http://ccrm.vims.edu/livingshorelines/policy_legislation/states.html
http://www.vims.edu/ccrm/research/inventory/index.php

“Living shorelines tool” http://coastalresilience.org/new-north-carolinas-living-shorelines-

application/

People who did big study

Atlantic Ocean states

● Maine (email sent)
○ https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/crr/Docume
nts/Final_StateofthePractice_7.2017.pdf
○ What are the restrictions on revetments and bulkheads?
■ Beach nourishment, marsh creation and enhancement important
○ https://maineswc.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/02-yakovleff-and-slovinski.pdf
○ https://www1.maine.gov/dep/land/watershed/camp/index.html
○ CONTACTS:
■ David Yakoleff
● dyakoleff@cumberlandswcd.org
● 207-287-7173
■ Maine DNR
● Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR)
● Sherry Hanson, Volunteer Coordinator
● Department of Marine Resources
● PO Box 8
● West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575
● (207) 633-9401
○ https://www.seagrant.umaine.edu/files/chg/MEDEPhomeowners.pdf
● New Hampshire
○ https://seagrant.unh.edu/news/managing-nh-shoreline
○ https://www.seagrant.umaine.edu/files/project/mbc/2017/2017-mbc-ls-mattera-
coastal-resilience-new-hampshire.pdf
○ CONTACT: (did presentation, mention this) Trevor Mattera
■ https://colsa.unh.edu/epps/trevor-mattera
● Massachusetts
○ Ask Cunniff?
○ Massachusetts executive office of energy and environmental affairs
○ Contact (?): http://ebcne.org/event/ebc-ocean-and-coastal-resources-program-
living-shorelines/?instance_id=
○ Permitting process powerpoint:
○ Cicra 2016 https://www.scribd.com/document/319360327/7-22-16-MASTER-
Living-Shorelines#from_embed
 ■ List of regulations (text)
■ List of requirements
○ GREAT CONTACTS:
■ https://www.mass.gov/service-details/coastal-resilience-grant-program
■ Patricia Bowie
■ Coastal Resiliency Specialist
■ Phone: (617) 626-1186
■ patricia.bowie@state.ma.us
○ 2011 Policies (pg 8ish) http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/czm/fcr-regs/czm-policy-
guide-policies.pdf
■ https://www.mass.gov/service-details/massachusetts-office-of-coastal-
zone-management-czm-policy-guide
● Rhode Island
○ Coastal resources management program - contact!
■ 2013 http://northeastoceancouncil.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/RIWhitePaper_Coastal-Erosion-and-Adaptation-
on-the-RI-Coastline.pdf From 2013, see update (page 12)
■ Planning special area management plan
■ 2014
https://www.landandwaterpartnership.org/documents/Summit2014/2G_Er
osion_Control.pdf
■ http://www.beachsamp.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Rhode-Island-
Coastal-Property-Guide-2014.pdf (GOOD)
■ ANSWER: ALL POLICIES pg 118:
165http://www.crmc.ri.gov/regulations/RICRMP.pdf
○ Difficult to install marsh sills in Rhode Island because of the coastal
characteristics
○ CONTACTS:
■ Coastal Resources Management Council - describe updates since 2014?
■ dsbrown@tnc.org (powerpoint presentation)
● Connecticut (DONE)
○ https://circa.uconn.edu/2017/07/18/circa-receives-2017-noaa-coastal-resilience-
grant-to-evaluate-living-shorelines-to-reduce-flood-risk/
○ http://www.ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?A=2705&Q=512226
● New York
○ https://www.dec.ny.gov/press/111927.html
■ Regulations and lists
● Delaware (DONE)
● New Jersey
○ http://www.nj.gov/dep/cmp/docs/living-shorelines-engineering-guidelines-
final.pdf
● Maryland (DONE)
 ● Virginia
○ http://www.vims.edu/ccrm/outreach/living_shorelines/index.php
■ “The Virginia General Assembly now has a policy that living
shoreline techniques are the preferred stabilization methods for
tidal shorelines.”
■ http://ccrm.vims.edu/livingshorelines/policy_legislation/index.html
● Legislative definition
■ http://ccrm.vims.edu/publications/pubs/rivers&coast/vol7_no1LSPoli
cy.pdf
○
● North Carolina (DONE)
● South Carolina (EMAIL ONE PERSON)
○ http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/NERR/pdf/livingshorelines11-20-15.pdf
■ Powerpoint: “no regulations exist” - WHEN WAS THIS? Around 2016
■ Maybe ask leader questions about their monitoring of existing sites
● Are there
● Erosion - AMBUR
● Georgia - READ - is document binding ?
○ Contact? : http://coastalgadnr.org/sites/default/files/crd/CZM/Wetlands-
LS/LivingShorelinesAlongtheGeorgiaCoast.pdf
■ Sites: http://southatlanticalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/5-
McKinnon-GSAA-GA-presentation_final.pdf
○ BANK AND SHORELINE STABILIZATION REQUIREMENTS - REVISED
■ On computer
■ Georgia environmental protection division
○ Dec 2017 - it’s recent
● Florida(DONE)

Pacific Ocean states

● Oregon (DONE)
● Washington EMAIL NICOLE
○ EMAIL: Nicole Faghin, Coastal Management Specialist
○ “State SMP guidelines”
○ “No net loss requirement” (What does this mean?)
○ https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/1406009.pdf Page 19, from
2014
● California
○ Sites: coast and ocean archive
○ Marilyn Latta, State Coastal Conservancy (marilyn.latta@scc.ca.gov;
510-286-4157) - Ask about updates since 2015
○ Just some nice info w/ contacts at the end
http://scc.ca.gov/webmaster/pdfs/LivingShorelinesFinal.pdf
 ○ PERMITS
■ “Major use permit”
■ “Coastal Development Permit”
■ “Right of entry permit”
○ Possible reguation? What does preffered even mean
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/nps/encyclopedia/
4_1d_assmt_shor_stabl.shtml
○ 2015 Policy Report:
■ http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CalCoastArmor-
FULL-REPORT-6.17.15.pdf

Gulf of Mexico states

● Alabama LOOK UP MODERN VERSIONS of mentioned laws, email about policies
○ Eric Sparks, Ph.D. - ANY POLICIES?
■ Extension Program Leader and Coastal Ecology Specialist
■ Phone: (228) 546-1025
■ Email: eric.sparks@msstate.edu
○ 2013 - http://www.oyster-restoration.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Boyd-
and-Pace-LS-2013.pdf
■ Ask authors- were these improvements made?
■ ALSO INFO ABOUT: NC, MD, VA, FL
■ “ While regulations governing the construction of shoreline erosion control
structures in Alabama encourage more natural alternatives to control
erosion, it is often easier or timelier to obtain a permit for a bulkhead.”
■ Reclamation activities on state owned submerged lands shall be
approved only if avulsion or artificial erosion is affirmatively demonstrated.
Other activities involving the placement of fill material below the ordinary
low water line of non-tidal streams or the mean high tide line of tidal water
shall not be approved. (Ala. Admin. Code r. 220-4-.09(4)(b)(5).) o
■ To the maximum extent possible, shoreline stabilization should be
accomplished by the establishment of appropriate native wetland
vegetation. Riprap materials, pervious interlocking brick systems, filter
mats, and other similar stabilization methods should be utilized in lieu of
vertical seawalls wherever feasible. (Ala. Admin. Code r. 220-4-
.09(4)(b)(6).)
■ ADEM: Non-structural alternatives must be used if available
○ http://www.adem.state.al.us/alEnviroRegLaws/files/Division8.pdf
● Mississippi Find out about policies
○ CONTACTS
 ■ http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/joomla16/images/permitting/living-shorelines-
info/Living-Shoreline-Brochure.pdf
○ 2017 - (not great) http://extension.msstate.edu/publications/publications/living-
shorelines-permitting-guide-for-mississippi-homeowners
○ http://masglp.olemiss.edu/living_shorelines.pdf
○ https://coast.noaa.gov/czm/enhancement/media/ms309-2016.pdf
● Louisiana
○ CONTACT
AUTHOR?https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/
publications/natural_resources_environment/2016-
17/winter/living_shorelines_eroding_regulatory_barriers_coastal_resilience.html
● Texas

https://www.habitatblueprint.noaa.gov/storymap/ls/index.html