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Chapter 10
Practice Problems 13
In the solutions below, the first number refers to edition 6 and the second
refers to edition 7
Solutions
(19.19) 10.9
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 130 versus the alternative
H A : 130 .
(2) 0.05
Y 0
(3) The test statistic used is Z and the rejection region is given as
n
10.11 (10.21)
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the alternative
H A : 1 2 .
(2) 0.01
Y Y
Z 1 2
(3) The test statistic used is S12 S 22 and the rejection region is given as
n1 n2
(4) Calculate Z from sample data.
Z
1.65 1.43 3.65
(0.26) 2 (0.22) 2
30 35
(5) Reject H 0 if Z lies in the RR that is Z 2.58 or Z 2.58 otherwise do not
reject H 0 .
Here Z 3.65 hence we reject H 0 : 1 2 . Thus, at the 0.01 level of
significance, the evidence permits us to conclude that the soils do appear to differ
with respect to the average shear strength.
10.13 (10.23)
a) Let 1 and 2 denote the means of the distances from the release point in the two
selected areas. Since we have no prior knowledge as to which of the two means
should be larger than the other, we shall test the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the
alternative H A : 1 2 .
b) The alternative hypothesis implies a two-tailed test where we reject H 0 : 1 2 if the
sample findings show a significant difference between the two means regardless of
which one is larger.
c)
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the alternative
H A : 1 2 .
(2) 0.01
Y Y
Z 1 2
(3) The test statistic used is S12 S 22 and the rejection region is given as
n1 n2
(4) Calculate Z from sample data.
Z
2980 3205 0.954
(1140 ) 2 (963) 2
40 40
(5) Reject 0 if Z lies in the RR that is Z 2.58 or Z 2.58 otherwise do not
H
reject H 0 .
Here Z 0.954 hence we do not reject H 0 : 1 2 . Thus, at the 0.01
level of significance, the evidence permits us to conclude that there is no
significant difference between the means of the two locations.
10.16 (10.26)
1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : p 0.45 versus the alternative
H A : p 0.45 .
2) 0.01
pˆ p0
Z
3) The test statistic used is p0 1 p0 and the rejection region is given as
n
ˆ1
p 0.14, p
ˆ2 0.26, ~
p
1000 0.14 1000 0.26
1000 1000
Z
0.14 0.26 6.71
0.21 0.2 0.21 0.2
1000 1000
(5) Reject H 0 if Z lies in the RR that is Z 1.65 otherwise do not reject H 0 .
Here Z 6.71 hence we reject H 0 : p1 p 2 . Thus, at the 0.05 level of
significance, the evidence permits us to conclude that Ibuprofen has significantly
increased its market share between 1986 and 1991.
c) The two tests are related since the survey is based on the same 2 samples (each of size
1000) for the years 1986 and 1991. In part (a) we reached the conclusion that the two
proportions are different, in part (b) we reached a more specific conclusion which is that
Ibuprofen has significantly increased its market share between 1986 and 1991.
10.37 (10.47)
Refer to Ex.10.15. To find a 99% lower confidence bound (denote this lower bound by a)
for the proportion of voters who are unable to name an official whom they admire
P( p a) 0.99
P Z 2.33 0.99
pˆ p
P 2.33 0.99
pˆ (1 pˆ )
n
pˆ (1 pˆ )
P pˆ p 2.33 0.99
n
pˆ (1 pˆ ) pˆ (1 pˆ )
P p pˆ 2.33 0.99
a pˆ 2.33 a 0.57
n n
Since 0 p 1 , A 99% lower-bounded confidence interval for p is given by: [0.57, 1].
The interval does not contain 0.5, hence we reject H 0 : p 0.5 in favor of H A : p 0.5
at the 99% confidence level. This result is consistent with that of Ex.10.15.
10.41 (10.51)
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the alternative
H A : 1 2 .
(2) 0.05
Y Y
Z 1 2
(3) The test statistic used is S12 S 22 and the rejection region is given as
n1 n2
Z
74 71 1.58
(9) 2 10
2
50 50
(5) Reject H 0 if Z lies in the RR that is Z 1.96 or Z 1.96 otherwise do not
reject H 0 .
Here Z 1.58 hence we do not reject H 0 : 1 2 . Thus, at the 0.05 level
of significance, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that there is a significant
difference between the means of the two sets of school children.
From the standard normal tables we find p 0.1142 . This is the lowest -value at
which we can reject the null. Any significance level < 0.1142 will not allow us to reject
the null hypothesis (that's why we did not reject it at 0.05 ).
From the standard normal tables we find p 0.00135 . This is the lowest -value at
which we can reject the null H 0 : p1 p 2 .
10.50 (10.62)
A Student’s t test can be used to test a hypothesis involving the population mean if :
(1) The sample is small;
(2) The sample is selected from a normal population;
(3) The population variance 2 is unknown.
10.51 (10.63 a, b)
We have a small sample (n = 5). In order to be able to use the Student’s t test, we will
assume that the sample is selected from a normal population with unknown variance.
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 800 versus the alternative
H A : 800 .
(2) 0.05
Y 0
(3) The test statistic used is T , and the rejection region from the t table
S n
with n 1 4 degrees of freedom is given as
n
Here, the t statistic is based on 4 degrees of freedom; Checking the 4 degrees of freedom
row of the t table we find that we will not be able to get the exact value of p but we know
that p is greater than 0.1, since t = -1.553 would yield a p-value of 0.1, thus the observed
value of t = -1.341 which is greater than -1.553 would yield a p-value that is greater than
0.1.
10.52 (10.64 a, c)
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 7 versus the alternative
HA : 7.
(2) 0.1
Y 0
(3) The test statistic used is T . In this example we have n 1 9
S n
t t 0.05 1.833
degrees of freedom, using the t-table, . The rejection region
2
is then given as
(4) Calculate T from sample data. For the given data, y 7.1 and s 0.12 .
7 .1 7
T 2.64
0.12 10
Now we want to find the attained significance level ( i.e. the p-value ) of the test.
By checking the 9 degrees of freedom row of the t table, we find that the p-values
associated with 2.262 and 2.821 are (2(0.025) = 0.05 and 2(0.01) = .02 respectively.
Thus, we will not be able to get the exact value of p but we know that p lies between 0.02
and 0.05.
10.57 (10.69 a, c, d)
We have 2 small samples n1 11, n2 14 . In order to be able to use the Student’s t
test, we will assume that the samples are independent and are both selected from
normal populations for which the variances 12 and 22 are unknown but assumed
equal.
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the alternative
H A : 1 2 .
(2) 0.05
T
Y
1 Y2
2
(3) The test statistic used is S p S p2 and the rejection region from the t table
n1 n2
with n1 n2 2 23 degrees of freedom is given as
s 2p
10 52 13 71 62.74
11 14 2
T
64 69 1.57
62.74 62.74
11 14
(5) Reject H 0 if T lies in the RR that is T 2.069 or T 2.069 otherwise do not
reject H 0 .
Here T 1.57 hence we do not reject H 0 : 1 2 . Thus, at the 0.05 level of
significance, there is insufficient evidence to indicate a difference in the mean scores
for the two populations associated with the two teaching methods.
By checking the 23 degrees of freedom row of the t table, we find that the p-values
associated with 1.319 and 1.714 are (2(0.1) = 0.2 and 2(0.05) = 0.1 respectively. Thus, we
will not be able to get the exact value of p but we know that p lies between 0.1 and 0.2.
10.58 (10.70)
Let 1 denote the mean amount of DDT found in juveniles and 2 denote the mean
amount of DDT found in nestlings.
(1) We are interested in testing the null H 0 : 1 2 versus the alternative
H A : 1 2 .
(2) 0.05
Y Y
T 1 2
(3) The test statistic used is S p2 S p2 and the rejection region from the t table with
n1 n2
21 degrees of freedom is given as
Hence,
9 0.017 12 0.006
2 2
s
2
p 0.00014443
10 13 2
T
0.041 0.026 2.97
s 2p s 2p
10 13
(5) Reject H 0 if T lies in the RR that is T 1.721 otherwise do not reject H 0 .
Here T 2.97 hence we reject H 0 : 1 2 . Thus, at the 0.05 level of
significance, the evidence permits us to conclude that the juveniles have a larger mean than
the nestlings.