SUBSTATION NAME Station Ax 400/230/110KV SS

FEEDER NAME 400KV # 1

CT RATIO 2000 2000A/1A
PT RATIO 3636.36 400KV/110V
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Type of Conductor OH
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z1/KM 0.0266 0.33093 Kms
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z0/KM 0.26141 1.031
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z1/ KM 0.0149 0.11618
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z0 /KM 0.04696 0.2861
Distance of Protected # TWIN MOOSE in 14.74 KM
Distance of Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE i 8.544 KM
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 23.284 KM
Other End Substation Name Station B 400 KV SS
Shortest # Name 400 KV #2
R X Z THETA
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z1/KM 0.0266 0.33093
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z0/KM 0.26141 1.031
Shortest # TWIN MOOSE Conductor 14.74 KM
Distance in KM
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z1/ KM 0.0149 0.11618
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z0 /KM 0.04696 0.2861
Shortest # 2000sq.mm XLPE conducotr
11.3
Distance in KM KM
Shortest # Total Distance in KM 26.04 KM
Longest # Name 400 KV #2
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z1/KM 0.0266 0.33093
Protected # TWIN MOOSE Z0/KM 0.26141 1.031
Longest # TWIN MOOSE Conductor
23 KM
Distance in KM
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z1/ KM 0.0149 0.11618
Protected # 2000sq.mm XLPE Z0 /KM 0.04696 0.2861
Longest # 2000sq.mm XLPE conducotr
8.544
Distance in KM KM
Longest # Total Distance in KM 31.544 KM
ZONE 1 (80 % impedance of the protected feeder)
Z1 Py 0.416 4.696 4.715 84.944
Z1 Sy 0.229 2.583 2.593 84.944
Z0 Py 3.404 14.113 14.518 76.441
Z0 Sy 1.872 7.762 7.985 76.441

ZONE 2 (100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest feeder)
Z 2 Py 0.800 8.966 9.002 84.904
Z 2 Sy 0.440 4.931 4.951 84.904
Zo Py 6.446 26.856 27.619 76.503
Z0 Sy 3.545 14.771 15.191 76.503

ZONE 3 ( 100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 110% impedance of the adjacent longest feeder)
Z 3 Py 1.332 15.335 15.393 85.034
Z 3 Sy 0.733 8.434 8.466 85.034
Z0 Py 11.309 46.415 47.773 76.306
Z0 Sy 6.220 25.528 26.275 76.306
ZONE 4 ( 25 % of Zone 1 impedance)
Z 4 Py 0.104 1.174 1.179 84.944
Z4 SY 0.057 0.646 0.648 84.944
Z0 Py 0.851 3.528 3.629 76.441
z0 Sy 0.468 1.941 1.996 76.441

IMPEDANCE OF THE ENTIRE LINE TO BE PROTECTED

Z1Py 0.519 5.871 5.893 84.944
Z1Sy 0.286 3.229 3.241 84.944
Z0Py 4.25440964 17.64138 18.147 76.441
Z0Sy 2.339925302 9.702758 9.981 76.441
EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.079 -8.503

Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.068 -8.401

Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.104 -8.728

Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.079 -8.503

EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR

zo-z1 1.643 5.179 5.434 72.395
3z1 0.685594272 7.749126 7.779 84.944
Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.698 -12.549
zo-z1 3.106 9.840 10.318 72.483
3z1 1.31936739 14.79377 14.852 84.904
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.695 -12.421
zo-z1 5.487 17.094 17.953 72.203
3z1 2.198469504 25.30273 25.398 85.034
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.707 -12.832
zo-z1 0.411 1.295 1.358 72.395
3z1 0.171398568 1.937282 1.945 84.944
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.698 -12.549
The resistive reach is calculated with 85 % of rated voltage and 50 % of over loading
condition and the power factor may be greater than 30 deg.

The mimimum load impedance is calculated using the following expression.

Primary full load current = 1950 Amps
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR = 0.5500
Total Length of Feeder = 23.284 Kms
Z load = V min
√3 * I max

Z load Py = 0.85*230 KV
√3*1.5*D5 A
= 38.589 Ω
Zload Sy = 21.224 Ω

So the max resistive reach (Right Blinder) for phase fault distance
Rph max = Zload min-0.4*Zloadmin
= 12.734 Ω
Maximum Resistive reach (Right Blinder) for Ground fault distance
RG max = Zload min-0.2*Zloadmin
= 16.979 Ω

Rph min ≥ Rarc

Assume If . I,e minexpected phase to phase fault current
Rarc = 28710*L L= 4.5 Metre
If^1.4 If= 6450 Amps
= 0.600 Ω Assume Rarc=0.6
Rphmin Sy >= RarcPy*CTratio/PTratio
= 0.33 Ω

For earth faults,the resistive reaches are calculated as follows

RG Min ≥ (Rarc+Rtf)*1.2
Let Rtf = 10 Ω Primary
Rarc = 28710*2.5M L= 2.5 Metre
If^1.4 If= 4250 Amps
= 0.60 Ω Assume Rarc=0.6
RG Min Sy>= 5.829 Ω
ZONE RESISTIVE REACH ( RIGHT BLINDERS) ARE CALCULATED AS BELOW
ZONE RESISTANCE PRIMARY
Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
0.41551168 0.7996166 1.3324058 0.1038779

FOR PHASE DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
Rph (Z1) >= Rph min = 0.33 Ω R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 0.5585 Ω
Rph (Z2) ≤ 80% of Rph Z3= 10.19 Ω R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 0.7698 Ω
Rph (Z3) ≤ 60% of Zlmin = 12.73 Ω R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 1.0628 Ω
Rph (Z4) = Rph Z3 = 12.73 Ω R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 0.3871 Ω

FOR GROUND DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
RG (Z1) >= RGmin = 5.83 Ω RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 6.0585 Ω
RG (Z2) ≤ 80 % of RG Z3 = 13.58 Ω RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 9.0198 Ω
RG (Z3) ≤ 80% of Zlmin = 16.98 Ω RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 12.0628 Ω
RG (Z4) = RG Z3 = 16.98 Ω RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 5.8871 Ω

POWER SWING CALCULATIONS PSB

Delta R= 10-30% of R3ph 0.32 I max Line > Phase Current threshold
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 1.2 * Max Power Swing current
Delta X= 10-30% of R3ph 0.32 Max. Power Swing current = 2 * In = 2*1A=2A
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 2.4 Amps

Biased Residual Current Threshold

In> 0.1 * In + [ ( In> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
In > 38.50% 0.7125

Biased Negative Sequence Current Threshold

I2> 0.1 * In + [ ( I2> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
I2 > 24.25% 0.7125
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME Station Ax 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV # 1
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 23.284
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.2285 2.5830 2.5931 84.9440
Z 2 Sy 0.4398 4.9313 4.9508 84.9036
Z 3 Sy 0.7328 8.4342 8.4660 85.0342
Z4 SY 0.0571 0.6458 0.6483 84.9440
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2857 3.2288 3.2414 84.9440

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.6985 -12.5488
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.6947 -12.4208
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.7069 -12.8317
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.6985 -12.5488
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.0792 -8.5026 3.045343440.58980519
Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.0683 -8.4010 3.035355920.59110226
Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.1036 -8.7282 3.067630280.58692355
Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.0792 -8.5026 3.045343440.58980519

Zload Sy = 21.22 Ω

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 0.5585 Ω
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 0.7698 Ω
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 1.0628 Ω
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 0.3871 Ω

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 6.0585 Ω 10.35
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 9.0198 Ω 15.38
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 12.0628 Ω 20.72
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 5.8871 Ω 10.06

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.32 0.32
 K value in
Polar
0.5922016 5.1561681
0.59344 5.0873803
0.5894527 5.309485
0.5922016 5.1561681

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RΩ/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Sub Station Station Ax 400/230/110KV SS
Feeder 400KV # 1
System Voltage 400 KV
Fault MVA 3Ph 16406 MVA
Fault MVA 1Ph 7404 MVA
CT RATIO 2000 1A
PT RATIO 400000 110 V
Line Imp IN Primary 5.893482 Ohms
Line Current Carring Capacity 1950 A LINE 1950 0.975
CT/PT RATIO 0.55 CABLE 1950 0.975
PH-PH E/F
KV^2/MVA
Source Imp
9.75253 Ohms 21.60994 Ohms
Total Imp 15.64601 Ohms 27.50342 Ohms
KV^2/Total Imp
Fault MVA at end of the line
10226.25 MVA 5817.458 MVA
Fault Current 14760.75 A 8397.024 A
Relay Plug setting 100% 2000 A 40% 800
7.380376 10.49628
Setting Multiplier
7.380376 10.49628
Time Required 1 sec 200msec + ZONE 3 TIME
TLS 0.291331 0.29 0.343881 0.34

Over current Earth Fault

Current times time (sec) Actual py ct (A) Current times time (sec)
2 2.9084 4000 2 3.4099
4 1.4441 8000 4 1.6931
5 1.2411 10000 5 1.4551
8 0.9561 16000 8 1.1209
10 0.8615 20000 10 1.0100
7.380 0.9954 14760.752 10.4962794062 0.9887

Over Current settings Earth Fault settings

PLUG SETTING 100% PLUG SETTING 40%
TLS 0.29 TLS 0.34
 Note Setting multiplier should be less than or equal to 20

rth Fault
Actual py ct (A)
1600
3200
4000
6400
8000
8397.0235249982
| | Power Swing Detector in GE D60
Zone reach Resistive reach
Fwd Reach = Zone 3 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 3 Reach 9.31 0.81
Quad Fwd Out = 1.2 times of Fwd Reach 11.18 0.97
Inner Rgt Bld = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 1.17 1.17
Outer Rgt Bld = 1.2 times of Inner Rgt Bld 1.40 1.40
Inner Lft Bld = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 1.10
Outer Lft Bld = 1.2 times of Inner lft Bld 1.32 1.32
Rev Reach = Zone 4 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 4 Reach 0.71 0.06
Quad Rev Out = 1.2 times of Rev Reach 0.86 0.08

Note
1. Z3 Left Bld assumed as 1
2. All Mid assumed as 0.1

| | Power Swing Detector in ZLV (CGL RELAYS)

| | |--PS Detec Enable YES
| | |--PS Trip Enable NO
| | |--Right Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Rgt Int Resit limit 1.40
| | |--Right Med Resist Limit = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 1.17
| | |--Right Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Left Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Left Int Resist limit 1.32
| | |--Left Med Resist Limit = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 Z3 left Bld assumed as 1.0
| | |--Left Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Resist Limit Angle 85.03 Z3 Line Angle
| | |--Forward Ext Reach = 1.2 * Forward Int Reach 11.18
| | |--Forward Med Reach = Z3 Reach + 0.1 of Z3 Reach 9.31
| | |--Forward Int Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Ext Reach = 1.2 * Reverse Int reach 0.86
| | |--Reverse Med Reach = Z4 Reach + 0.1 of Z4 Reach 0.71
| | |--Reverse Int Reach 0.50
| | |--I1 Supervision 0.20 Default
| | |--PS Detec Time (Seconds) 0.04
| | |--PS Block Reset Time (Seconds) 2.00
| | |--PS Trip Type Slow
| | |--Fast Trip Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
| | |--PS Cond Reset Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
Resistive reach

ld assumed as 1.0
 FAULT LEVEL IN MVA

Phase Phase
Name of the Substations
Fault level Fault level
1.StationA 400/230/110 KV SS
400 KV 16406 7404
230 KV 10714 7539
110 KV 4771 3536