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SEMESTER 6
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
Blepharitis commonly occurs when tiny oil glands located near the base of the eyelashes
become clogged. This leads to irritated and red eyes. Several diseases and conditions can
cause blepharitis.
SIGN AND
SYMPTOM
OF
BLEPHARITIS
The main symptom is sore eyelids. Both eyes are usually affected.
The eyes may feel gritty, itchy or as though they are burning.
The eyelids may look inflamed or greasy.
The eyes may become sticky with discharge. In particular, the eyelids may stick
together in the morning.
Sometimes tiny flakes or scales appear on the eyelids, which look like small flakes
of dandruff. Crusts may develop at the base of eyelashes.
One or more of the tiny glands of the eyelids (meibomian glands) may block and fill
with an oily fluid
CAUSES OF BLEPHARITIS
COMPLICATION OF BLEPHARITIS
Eyelash problems. Blepharitis can cause your eyelashes to fall out or grow
abnormally (misdirected eyelashes).
Eyelid skin problems. Scarring may occur on your eyelids in response to long-
term blepharitis. Or the eyelid edges may turn inward or outward.
Excess tearing or dry eyes. Abnormal oily secretions and other debris shed from
the eyelids, such as flaking associated with dandruff, can accumulate in your tear
film the water, oil and mucus solution that forms tears. Abnormal tear film
interferes with the healthy lubrication of your eyelids. This can irritate your eyes
and cause symptoms of dry eyes or excess tearing.
Difficulty wearing contact lenses. Because blepharitis can affect the amount of
lubrication in your eyes, wearing contact lenses may be uncomfortable.
Stye. A sty eis an infection that develops near the base of the eyelashes. The result
is a painful lump on the edge (usually on the outside part) of your eyelid. A sty is
usually most visible on the surface of the eyelid.
Chalazion. A chalazion occurs when there's a blockage in one of the small oil
glands at the margin of the eyelid, just behind the eyelashes. The gland can
become infected with bacteria, which causes a red, swollen eyelid. Unlike a sty, a
chalazion tends to be most prominent on the inside of the eyelid.
Chronic pink eye. Blepharitis can lead to recurrent bouts of pink eye
(conjunctivitis).
Examining your eyelids. Your doctor will carefully examine your eyelids and
your eyes. He or she may use a special magnifying instrument during the
examination.
Swabbing skin for testing. In certain cases, your doctor may use a swab to
collect a sample of the oil or crust that forms on your eyelid. This sample can be
analyzed for bacteria, fungi or evidence of an allergy.
TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS
Self-care measures, such as washing your eyes and using warm compresses, may be the
only treatment necessary for most cases of blepharitis. If that is not enough, your doctor
may suggest prescription treatments, including:
Medications that fight infection. Antibiotics applied to the eyelid have been
shown to provide relief of symptoms and resolve bacterial infection of the eyelids.
These are available in a variety of forms, including eyedrops, creams and
ointments. If you don't respond to topical antibiotics, your doctor may suggest an
oral antibiotic.
Medications to control inflammation. Steroid eyedrops or ointments may help
control inflammation. Your doctor may prescribe both antibiotic and anti-
inflammatory drugs.
Medications that affect the immune system. Topical cyclosporine (Restasis) is a
calcineurin inhibitor that has been shown to offer relief of some signs and
symptoms of blepharitis.
Treatments for underlying conditions. Blepharitis caused by seborrheic
dermatitis, rosacea or other diseases may be controlled by treating the underlying
disease.
HEALTH EDUCATION
Apply a warm compress over your closed eye for several minutes to loosen the
crusty deposits on your eyelids.
Immediately afterward, use a washcloth moistened with warm water and a few
drops of diluted baby shampoo to wash away any oily debris or scales at the base
of your eyelashes. Use a different clean cloth for each eye.
In some cases, you may need to be more deliberate about cleaning the edge of
your eyelids where your eyelashes are located. To do this, gently pull your eyelid
away from your eye and use the washcloth to gently rub the base of the lashes.
This helps avoid damaging your cornea with the washcloth. Ask your doctor
whether you should use a topical antibiotic ointment after cleaning your eyelids in
this way.
Rinse your eyelids with warm water and gently pat it dry with a clean, dry towel.
Stop using eye makeup when your eyelids are inflamed.
Try over-the-counter artificial tears. These lubricating eyedrops may help relieve dry
eyes.
PATIENT PARTICULAR
1.MEDICAL RECORD:
2.NAME:
3.GENDER:Female
4.AGE:25 yrs
5.ETHNIC:Malay
6.OCCUPATION:
7.DIAGNOSIS:
OBSERVATION RESULTS
02 Temperature:
03 Respiration rate:minutes
06 Pulse rhythm:Normal
07 Pulse volume:Good
CHIEF COMPLAINT
No history of headache
No history of glasses
No history of surgery eye
No history of trauma
DRUG HISTORY
SOSIAL HISTORY:
Active smoker
Non alcoholic
Student Diploma
RIGHT EYE:6/9
LEFT EYE:6/9
INTRAOCCULAR PRESSURE:
Pupils normal
Corneal erosion
Lens normal
I. Ophtalamic status
Right eye Left eye
Periocular appearance Normal Normal
General condition Well Well
Eyeball position Orthophoric Orthophoric
Eyeball movement Can move to 8 directions Can move to 8 directions
Visual acquity 5/40 5/30 (S+2.5) 5/5
Supercillia Full, symetric Full, symetric
Cilia Normal Normal
Sup/Inf Margo Palpebra Well-positioned Well-positioned
Sup/Inf Tarsal Hyperemic Hyperemic
Conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva Normal Normal
Cornea
- Clearness Clear Clear
- Edema - -
- Infiltrate - -
- Ulcer - -
- Crust - -
- Destruction - -
Anterior Chamber Mild depth Mild depth
Clear Clear
Iris Darkish brown Darkish brown
Crypt (+) Crypt (+)
Pupil Center Center
Round Round
3mm 3mm
Light reflex (+)/(+) Light reflex (+)/(+)
Isochoric Isochoric
Lens Pseudophacia Cloudy (posterior
subcapsular)
Palpebra Hyperemic + Hyperemic +
edema + edema +
tenderness + tenderness +
nodule - nodule -
PART 5:DIAGNOSIS
PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS: :
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
DIAGNOSIS:
PART 7:MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
1. https://www.slideshare.net/hmirzaeee/blepharitis
2. https://www.slideshare.net/AshishChaudhari13/case-reportblepharitis
3. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blepharitis/symptoms-
causes/syc-20370141
4. http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/blepharitis.htm
5. https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/blepharitis
6. https://patient.info/health/swollen-eyelid/blepharitis