Mans abilities

1. What kind of abilities, which achievements are described in the text?

Man had several big advantages over the animals. He had a large brain, he had
an upright body, he had clever hands, he invent a language and use it to
communicate.
Achievements:
Man has used animals, steam electricity and oil to move more quickly from place
to place.
He has overcome rivers and seas with rafts, canoes, boats and ships.
He mastered darkness.
He explored many forms of power wind, water, steam, electricity and nuclear
power.
Man made machines which carry him through the air.

2. How did man use power?

Man found that his own muscles were too weak for the work which he wanted to
do. He explored many forms of power wind, steam, electricity and nuclear power
which ties together the smallest units from which all metter is made.

3. What does it say about communication?

Communication also presented man with a problem. Not long ago in history
even the most important message took weeks to trevel from one country to
another in wrriten form or by word of mouth.

4. What does the author mean when he says “wireless transmission” since
the text was written in the sxties?

Now a joke on a wireless programme leaps across the world at a speed of

186,000 miles a second.
Sight has followed sound: man can now see things happening hundreds of miles
away at the very moment when they occur.

5. How did the flight of birds inspire men?

From mans earliest days the fight of birds has raised his wonder and desire.
Why should he not fly as they did? Then he began to experiment. At least he
learnt how to make the right machines to carry him through the air. Now he can
fly faster then sound.
Electricity in the early days

1. Which early device is described first?

First devices which is described first is Leyden jar. Leyden jar is a kind of
condenser. An early type consisted merely of a bottle of containning water with a
long nail dipping into the liquid.

2. What was the effect of it? Describe the experiment.

The use of the Leyden jar was that it enabled electricity to be stored. It was not
of much practical value.
Whole company of monks formed a line nine hundred feet long with wires
making contact from man to man. The ends of the wire were joined to a battery
of charged Leyden jar, all the monks leaped into the air.

3. Other word for confused?

Puzzled – zbunjen

Reactor cooling system

1. What does annular mean?

It means circular.

2. Employed – synonym?

Occupied, at work, in a job, busy, hired....

3. Protection from radiation, what do we do?

Coolant which has been passed through the reactor will be in some degree
contaminated by radiations. Both the primary circuit and the heat exchanger
are there fore included within the biological shield.
Conductors and Conductivity

1. How woul you define the word conduct?

The material that allows current to flow through him without resistance.

2. What is the electric current?

Electric current is a flow of electrons from one point to another through a

medium, or even thgough the vacuum.

3. What do they say about different types of media? (vacuum, solid)

If the electon flow takes places in a vacuum, the electrons will trevel at
considerable speeds. If the medium is a solid, in which case the electrons are
more tightly packed – the electron flow will be slower

4. Solids, liquids, gases – something about their conductivity?

Solids vary greatly in resistance, some being very good conductors, while others
are so resistant that they are referred to an insulators.

Most liquids, are good conductors.

Most gases at normal temperature and pressure are good insulators.

5. What factors influece the resistance?

The resistance of any material is affected by a number of factors, such as the

lenght and cross-section of conductor, and by its resistivity.

6. What is resistivity?

Resistivity is a specific property of the material at a specific temperature.

Impulse turbines

1. How does the steam enter the turbine?

The steam enter the turbine through a nozzle and directed against one or more
rows of blades.

2. Which parts comrise the nozzle?

The nozzle normally consists of a convergent and a divergent section.

 3. What kind of steam do we have before/after the nozle?

Before passing through nozzle, the steam is at high pressure but low velocity.
After the nozzle at its maximum velocity, the steam comes to turbine blades
which projected radiall from the turbine shaft.

4. Then what happens to the steam?

The steam is fed to the blades at an angle causes rotating blades which are
attached to the shaft of the turbine.

5. What can you say abou the blades?

The blades are an important part of the turbine. There are two types of blades:
stationary blades and moving blades. Stationary blades deflect the steam on to a
moving blades. This blades are in rows.

6. What happenen to the steam when it hits the blades?

While passing over the blades steam loses speed due to friction. Then pases out
into atmosphere, or to a condenser, where it is condesed and led back into the
boiler.

7. How would you use the steam later?

After the leaving the blades of the turbine, the steam still possesses a considerabl
velocity, and this may be utilised in another type of turbine by passing it trough
a series of two or more turbine wheels.

Switches, Circuit Breakers and Fuses?

1. What is the text about?

The text is about switches, circuit breakers and fuses.

2. What are switches?

Switches are a class of controlling devices capable of being altered by manual,

mechanical, electrical, or electronic means, from a state of very high impedance
to a state of very low impedance (from “off” to “on”).

3. How would you define words permit/inhibit?

Inhibit define as stop or obstruct the flow of electric current.

Permit define as to allow the flow of electric current.

4. When selecting the circuit breaker, what things should we consider?

1) withstand the maximum votage stress to which it may be subjected

2) carry rate current continuously without demage
3) have sufficient interrupting capacity to interupt fault currents
4) be suitable for operation in the intended environment
5) provide the protective function

5. Kako biste preveli rated current?

Nominalna struja

6. Why was the word “shall” used?

7. What is a fault current?

It is current of breakdown.

Introduction to Electric Power Systems

1. Which factors influence Electic Power System?

a) Electricity cannot be stored and suplier has small control over the load of any
time.
b)There is a continuous increase in the demand for power.
c)The distribution and nature of the fuel available.
Conduction and Transmission of Electic Current?

1. How would you describe the bus structure?

The bus structure is composed of heavy copper conductors supported on

insulators and installed in concrete cells.

2. Does bus means that one bus is connected to one generator?

No, principle is that of pooling the output of several generators.

3. What does pooling mean?

Each generator is provided with several switches, by which it can be connected

to any bus desired.
It means joining, integration of....

4. When we talk about switching and transformer equipment, which two

scenarios exist?

One when the electric power plant is serving, a near-by load, and other when it
is serving distant load centres.

5. Whay do we use transformers?

We use transformers to step up or step down voltage.

6. Relationship between voltage and current?

As the voltage is increased the current is decreased in inverse proportion.