PRACTICE TEST 1 ANSWER KEY
B A comparative form is used where a superlative form is
Section 1 Listening Comprehension
Part A
1. D 6. А 11. C 16. D 21. D 26. C
2. С 7. С 12. D 17. A 22. B 27. C
3. В 8. D 13. B 18. B 23. A 28. D
4. D 9. B 14. A 19. C 24. A 29. A
5. В 10. B 15. A 20. C 25. B 30. D
Part В
31. A 33. D 35. B 37. B
32.A 34. C 36. C 38. C
Part С
39. А 42. A 45. B 48. B
40. D 43. C 46. C 49. C
41. С 44. D 47. C 50. D
Section 2 Structure and Written Expression
1. D Only a verb is needed. (A) contains an unnecessary
subordinate clause marker (which). (B) contains an extra
subject (it). (C) contains an unnecessary direct object (it).
2. A A relative pronoun is needed to complete an unfinished
adjective clause. (B) contains an adverb clause marker
(where). (C) and (D) contain unnecessary prepositions.
3. C A structure parallel to the prepositional phrase to their
parents is needed. Only (C) contains such a structure.
4. B A subject is needed. (A) contains an unnecessary
preposition before the subject (Because of). (C) contains
an unnecessary clause marker (which) after the subject.
(D) contains an unnecessary clause marker (That)
before the subject.
5. B An active verb and a direct object are needed. (A)
and (D) contain passive constructions. (C) contains
a subordinate clause and a verb.
6. A Negation of an existing prepositional phrase is needed.
No further prepositions or clause markers are needed.
(B) contains an additional clause marker. (C) contains
an unnecessary additional preposition, and (D) contains
an incomplete compound preposition (instead of).
7. C An introductory prepositional phrase is needed.
(A) and (B) consist of main clauses. Two main clauses
can’t be joined by a comma. (D) consists of a noun clause
subject. There is already a subject, Henry David Thoreau.
8. A Only a finite verb is needed. (B) contains an unnecessary
clause marker (which) before the verb. (C) contains a subject (it) 38. В Incorrect adjective-noun word order is used.
and a verb (stands). (D) is composed of a nonfinite verb form.
9. C A structure parallel to the gerund building is needed.
Only (C) contains such a structure.
10. A A subject and a verb are needed. (B) contains no
subject. (C) contains an unnecessary there are construction.
(D) contains incorrect word order.
11. C A conditional subordinate clause is signaled by the
verbs were and could. If is needed to start this conditional. Section 3 Reading Comprehension
12. B Inverted word order is needed after the expression
rarely. Incorrect word order is used m (A), (C), and (D).
13. B An appositive is needed to rephrase Water. (A)
contains an unnecessary verb (is). (C) and (D) contain
unnecessary clause markers (of which and which).
14. A An -ed adjective to complete the phrase modifying
American Sign Language is needed. (B), (C), and (D)
all contain an unnecessary pronoun (it).
15. A A correctly formed modal passive is needed. (B)
and (C) do not contain correctly formed modal
passives. The word order in (D) is incorrect.
16.
needed. Correction: tallest
17. C A noun form is used where a verb form is needed.
Correction: acts
18. A The singular verb is doesn't agree in number with the plural
subject Scientists. Correction: are
19. A A noun form is used where an adjective form is needed.
Correction: frail
20. В A preposition is used where an adverb clause marker is
needed. Correction: while
21. В A passive is incorrectly formed. A past participle is needed.
Correction: found
22. A A modal passive is incorrectly formed.
Correction: can be based
23. A An incorrect noun form is used. Architecture is the
profession. Architect is the person who
practices this profession. Correction: architect
24. В A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed.
Correction: women
25. В A plural noun is used where a singular noun is needed.
Correction: bee
26. В Both did and developed are in the past tense form.
Only did needs to show the past tense. Correction: develop
27. С A nonfinite verb form (having) is used where a finite form
is needed. Correction: has transcended
28. С An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: of
29. D An adjective form is used where a noun form is needed.
Correction: prestige
30. В A gerund is used where an infinitive is needed
(When the intended meaning is in order to, an
infinitive is needed.) Correction: to identify
31. A A verb form is used where a noun form is needed.
Correction: computation
32. С A preposition is missing. Correction: out of essential
33. A A verb form is used where a noun form is needed.
Correction: discovery
34. В There are two objects for the preposition to. The
second object (that) is unnecessary. Correction: those of
35. С A preposition is missing. Correction: roles in the
36. В An adverb form is used where an adjective form
is needed. Correction: national
37. A Farther is incorrectly being used to refer to extent or degree.
Farther should be used only to refer to physical distance. In this
sentence, extent or degree is being discussed. Correction: Further
Correction: humorous commentaries
39. D A compound adjective is incorrectly formed.
Hundred is functioning as part of a compound adjective,
so it should not be made plural. Correction: hundred
40. В An adjective form is used where a noun form is
needed. Correction: reproduction
1. A The key phrase in the answer is raising a family. All the
paragraphs in the passage are related to raising a family, from
mating to sending the young owls away. (B),(C), and (D) are
too specific.
2. В Clues to meaning of "a resonant hoot" are the male calls to
the female with a resonant hoot (lines 2-3). The meaning of calls
in this context includes making a sound (B) which in this case is
"a resonant hoot."
3. В The reference to the answer is found in paragraph one,
lines 5-10, where the courtship is described. All verbs used in
this description are verbs of action. To understand the incorrect
answer choices refer to: (A) line 7; (С) lines 2-3; (D) lines 8-10.

4. С The choices are all about nests, which are mentioned
in paragraph two. The correct answer (C) is found in
lines 11-12. (A) is wrong because the passage says that
owls are poor home builders, which is the opposite of
discriminate nest builders. (B) is incorrect because
line 15 states that the mother lays two or three ... eggs,
in contrast to numerous eggs. (D) is not correct because
lines 11-12 state that owls prefer to nest in a large
hollow in a tree... , not on the tree limb.
5. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 15-17
she ... settles herself on the nest.... According to paragraph
one, the male initiates the courtship ritual. Lines 20-21 tell
us that both parents feed the owlets, and in paragraph two
the use of the word owls implies that both males and
females build nests.
6. A Clues to the meaning of "precious charges" in
lines 16-17 are in the logical development of the
description of the mother owl first laying and then caring
for the eggs in the nest. Key words are lays ... eggs;
settles ... on the nest; to protect her.. .from snow and cold.
7. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 20-23;
nuts and seeds are not mentioned. Beetles are insects.
Birds are mentioned and so are mice, squirrels, and
rabbits, which are small mammals.
8. С The pronoun "they" in line 19 refers to the young birds
mentioned in the preceding sentence. It is logically
the young birds who ask for food and keep the parents busy.
9. С The correct answer (C) is found in lines 24-25, ... and
drive the young owls away .... (A) is not true because line 24
states The parent birds weary of family life... , in contrast to
being sorry. (B) is wrong because careless feeding is not
implied. (D) is not discussed in the passage.
10. A Clues to the meaning of "weary of" in line 24 are found in
the information that the young birds are demanding (they
clamor for food, line 20) and time consuming (it is ten weeks
before [they] leave the nest to look for their own food, lines 23- 22. B "Jump-off point'' is a key phrase in this passage about
24). In lines 24-25 we read that the parents drive the young
owls away, which suggests a negative attitude toward the
young of the owl family. All of this information suggests that
the parents will have worked hard and are tired by
November. The verb form of tired is tire, (A) tire of
is the correct answer.
11. В The correct answer (B) is found in lines 1-2, ... of being
hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. The
other answer choices are not mentioned in the passage.
12. A The logical reference of "evidence" is to aging since
aging is the topic of the preceding sentence. Another clue
is the phrase produce characteristics (that we associate)
with aging in lines 4-5. In line 6 a similar structure is
looking evidence at the cellular and subcellular level, but
the phrase of aging is deleted and only implied.
13. B Although the passage is about the body and its systems,
the context in which "vein" is used in line 5 provides a
transition from one point in the text to another point. In this
case a different vein means a different point of view.
14. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 8-9. The
statement that human fibroblasts... divide only a limited
number of times and then die is contrasted to Only cancer
cells seem immortal in this respect. This concept is similar
in meaning to the idea divide infinitely.
15. B The phrase cells... grown in culture is part of a scientific
passage, which leads us to deduce that "culture" in this
context is not related to society or traditions (C). It is not
likely that cells are grown in libraries (A), and things
don't usually grow in a toxic substance (D). The meaning
of culture in this context is "a special environment" (B).
16. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 9-10. An embryo is
the earliest form of life. The passage states that cells from an
embryo divide more times than those taken from an adult. This
is similar to saying that cells from an adult (a later stage in
life) divide fewer times. (B) is not true: fibroblast cells are used
as an example of cellular research. (C) is incorrect: lines 7-9.
(D) is incorrect because cells and organ systems are discussed
as two different theories of aging.
17. B The correct answer is (B) because the organ system is
central to a theory of aging different from the theory which
examines the cellular level. (A), (C), and (D) all are mentioned
in the passage in lines 10-14 as support for the cellular theory.
18. B The correct answer (B) is found in paragraph 2. Lines 17-
19 state about chronological age: It is a poor indicator of an
individual person's status because there is a tremendous
amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard
to the rate at which biological age changes occur. Answers (A)
and (D) are not mentioned in the passage, and answer (C) is not
true according to the passage.
19. C The correct answer (C) is found in paragraph 3. The
last lines state that... a person's appearance is affected bymany
factors that are not part of aging, including illness, poor
nutrition, and exposure to sunlight. Answers (A), (B), and (D)
are all true according to paragraph 3 of the passage.
20. В The correct answer (B) is arrived at by skimming the entire
passage to find the main ideas. The three paragraphs all describe
a different aspect of preparing for the journey to the West. (A),
(C), and (D) are mentioned in the passage as details to further
describe aspects of the topic, getting started on the trip west.
21. D The correct answer (D) can be inferred from lines 1-7:
could either (travel by steamboat) or—as happened more
often—travel by wagon). This tells us that travel was'NOT
usually by steamboat. (A), (B), and (C) all describe travel
east of the Missouri: lines 6-7.
pioneers traveling from the East to the West. In each paragraph
the term "jump-off point" is linked to the concept of starting out
or departing on the journey overland. Therefore, point of
departure (B) is the correct answer choice.
23. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 11-12. The town of
Independence is the river town that is mentioned first in the
passage. (C) and (D) are said to be upriver (north) of
Independence. Lines 11-12 state that St. Joseph was 55 miles
northwest (of Independence). Logical reasoning tells us that
this point is farther west than Independence. A second clue is
found in lines 11-14, which states that four days travel west
could be saved by departing from St. Joe (Joseph), implying that
St. Joseph was four days farther west than the other river towns.
24. B Clues to the meaning of "preeminent" in lines 7-12 are that
Independence had been preeminent among the cities that offered
provisions for people traveling west, but that this position was
being threatened by rival cities.We can deduce that rivalry occurs
when a strong position is challenged, and that answer choice (B)
superior is correct. Word analysis: from Latin 'praeeminent' (be
prominent, to project forward).
25. D The correct answer (D) is found in line 19 A family man
usually chose the wagon and also lines in 24-25 ... most
pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons. To
understand why other choices are incorrect refer to: (A) lines 21-
24; (B) lines 7-8; (C) lines 7-11 and line 15.
26. D Clues to the meaning of the word "neophyte" in the phrase
the neophyte emigrants are found in the first paragraph, in which
we read that the travelers were a family from the East who with
 little preparation began their trip right in their front yard. We can seed to increase the next crop. (A), (B), and (C) do not
deduce that these travelers to the West had little experience; result in accumulating capital.
therefore, answer choice (D) inexperienced is correct. 39. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 14—15 Saving
27. B The correct answer is (B) because the riverboat was played an important role in the European tradition.
mentioned only as transportation to reach Missouri from the Something that people are accustomed to plays an
East. Lines 17-19 describe the choices of transportation from important role. (A), (B) and (D) are not mentioned in the
the jump-off points on the Missouri River to the West, (A), passage as things that the European ancestors of early
(C),and(D). Americans did.
28. C From the context of lines 6-7 we know that the topic 40. C The correct answer (C) is found in the last paragraph. The
is travel. The phrase staying on the paddle-wheelers first line states, The great bulk of the accumulated wealth of
is juxtaposed with before striking overland to indicate America... was derived either directly or indirectly from trade.
a contrast; we deduce that (C) departing is the answer The last line states, As colonial production rose and trade
choice that is correct in this context. expanded, a business community emerged in the colonies, linking
29. C The correct answer is (C). Clues to inferring that the provinces by lines of trade and identity of interest. Answer
inexperienced is the best replacement are found in lines (A) is not mentioned in the passage as a cause of the emergence
15-16;... the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, of a business class; answers (C) and (D) are not discussed in the
asked questions of others.... Studying guidebooks and passage.
directions, and asking questions of other travelers indicates 41. A The correct answer (A) is the most general of the choices
that the emigrants lacked experience and needed and includes the topics of the three paragraphs in the passage.
information about the trip west. (A), (B), and (C) do not (B), (C), and (D) are too specific and are mentioned as details
logically fit in this context. in the passage.
30. C The correct answer C is found in line 20 but it provided 42. C The correct answer (C) is found in lines 8-9 Sometimes
space and shelter for children and for a wife... , and also it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can
lines 24-25... most pioneers, with their farm background, show up so many different ways. It can show up so many
were used to wagons. (A), (B), and (D) are all negative different ways is similar in meaning to the similarity of
features of a wagon for travel to the West, lines 21-23 symptoms of the allergy to other problems. (A), (B), and
and 19-20. (D) are not true according to the passage.
31. C In lines 19-23 we read a description of the problems that a 43. A Clues to the meaning of "symptoms" are the phrases show
covered wagon could have during the overland trip. "Those up so many different ways (lines 8-9) and other problems (line
things" in line 23 refer to the problems of traveling by wagon. 9), followed by a list of afflictions that may indicate food
32. C The correct answer is (C) because the passage discusses aallergies rashes, hives, joint pains, mimicking arthritis,
the issues of economics, not finance, geography, or culture. headaches, irritability, or depression.
Key terms are economic history, capitalist expansion, natural 44. D The organization of the paragraph is а cluе to the meaning of
resources, capital, capital accumulation, and trade. "set off." The passive sentence (lines 14-15) indicates that
33. B The meaning of the phrase "paved the way for" can be certain foods set off migraines (the first step in the process of
deduced by deciding in what way the key terms in the getting migraines) and is followed in the last sentence in the
sentence are related: natural resources, the development of paragraph by Some people have been successful in treating their
abundant capital, to increase our growth. The rest of the migraines..., (a stage after the migraine is in progress). In this
paragraph indicates that capital and growth developed context "set off" means to trigger or to quickly put into action.
positively because of natural resources; therefore, the correct 45. B The correct answer (B) is found in lines 13-14. The passage
answer is (B) supported. states that... if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his
34. D The pronoun "it" in line 9 refers to Capital in line 7, intestines mature at around seven months, which is similar in
which is the topic of the sentence and which is followed by meaning to have a carefully restricted diet as infants. (A), (C),
an explanation of what capital includes. The use of the word and (D) are not true according to the passage.
also and the repetition of the verb includes after "it" in line 9 46. A A clue to the meaning of "hyperactive" is to analyze the parts
are other clues that capital is the referent. of the word. Hyper means more than usual. The correct answer
35. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 7-8, where capital is choice is (A) overly active.
described... such as machines, vehicles, and buildings.... 47. C The correct answer (C) is found in line 13. The clause
(A) is a building, (B) is a vehicle. (C) is found in line 9 which until her or his intestines mature ... is similar in meaning to
states But it also includes the funds, where it is capital. The underdeveloped intestinal tract. The other choices are not
only choice not mentioned is (D) workers, which is correct. true according to the passage.
36. A The meaning of the word "funds" in line 9 can be deduced by48. D The pronoun "these" in the phrase "a few of these" refers
knowing that part of what capital includes is tools, which are to the noun phrase that proceeds the pronoun, foods high in
listed in lines 7 and 8 as machines, vehicles, and buildings. In salicylates. The foods listed (almonds, green peppers,
addition, capital includes "funds" (line 9), which are different peaches, tea, and grapes) do not include unnatural foods with
from tools. Answer choice (A) money is the correct meaning of additives or colorings.
funds. 49. D The correct answer (D) is found in lines 18-20. The other
37. В In the context of this passage, the phrase put aside is answer choices are not mentioned in the passage as a
related to an economic concept. In this context, answer treatment for migraines.
choice (B) saved is correct. 50. A The correct answer (A) is found in lines 24-25. Other
38. D The correct answer is found in line 13 This process of researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the
capital accumulation.... where this process refers to the diet is effective is similar in meaning to N ОТ verified by
preceding lines 11-12 But if a farmer can grow more corn researchers as being consistently effective. (B), (C), and (D) are
than his family needs to eat, he can use the surplus as true for the Feingold diet according to lines 20-24.