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Standard Penetration Test

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penetration-test/
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 Standard Penetration Test
o Standard Penetration Test Tools.
o Standard Penetration Test Theory.
o Standard Penetration Test Procedure:
o Observations and Calculations:
o Precautions:
o Review Questions:
 Q 1: SPT stands for.
 Q 2: Fall of hammer in SPT test is kept as;
 Q 3: Weight of hammer used in this test
is;
 Q 4: Test is carried out up to such
penetration;
 Q 5: Maximum Blow are applied in this
test;

The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is most popular and


economical test to determine the surface information,
both on land and offshore. This test is widely used to
obtain the bearing capacity of soil.

Standard Penetration Test Tools.


1. Drilling Rig.
2. Split spoon (tube).

3. Drop hammer 65 kg (140 lbs ).

4. Driving head (anvil).

5. Guiding rod.

6. Tripod.

7. Extension rods.
Standard Penetration Test Theory.
The number or blows required for 12 inches penetration
resistance of the soil. It is generally referred as the ‘N’
value and measured in blows/unit penetration.
The Standard penetration test ( SPT ) is widely used to
get the bearing capacity of soil directly at a certain
depth. The consistency of clayey soils can often be
estimated from this test.

When a borehole is extended to a predetermined depth,


the drill tools are removed, and the sampler (split
spoon) is lowered to the bottom of the borehole.

The sampler is driven into the soil, by hammer blows to


the top of the drill rod. The standard weight of the
hammer is 140 lbs.(62.3 N) the number of blows
required for spoon penetration of three “6” inches (15
cm) intervals is recorded.

The number of blows required for the last two intervals


are added to give the standard penetration number at
that depth.

READ MORE: CURING OF


CONCRETE – ITS METHODS, TIME,
& REQUIREMENTS.
Standard Penetration Test
Procedure:
1. Erect the tripod over the test hole and assemble the
unit.

2. Allow the spoon to rest on the bottom of the hole.


3. Drive the spoon with blows from the hammer falling
75 cm (30 inches), until either 45 cm (18 inches) have
been penetrated or 100 blows have been applied.

4. Record the number of blows required to effect each


15 cm (6 inches) of penetration. The first 6 inches is
considered as seating drive.

5. The number of blows required for the second and


third 15 cm (6 inches) of drive added is recorded as the
penetration resistance value N of the soil.

Observations and Calculations:


Show entries
Search:

Depth ( cm ) NO. of blows / 15 cm. N value

. . .
Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries
PreviousNext
Result:

The penetration resistance value, N of the soil is


_________________blow .

FORMULA: Q= 3.5 (N-3)


[B+0.3/2B]RW2RD.
Where.

q= Allowable net pressure in T/m2.

N = Standard penetration number.


B = Breadth of footing in meters.

Rw2 = Water reduction factor= 0.5 [ 1+Z/B] .

Rd = Depth factor = l+D/B C or C= 2.0.

Z = Depth of water table below foundation level.

READ MORE: TYPES OF ROCKS |


CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS.
Precautions:
1. If the test is to be carried out in gravely soils, then
the driving shoe is replaced by solid 60-degree cone.

2. Below the water table, care should be taken to avoid


entry of water through the bottom of the bore due to
loosening of soil happens.

3. Water should be added as necessary to maintain the


water table level in the bore hole.

4. If the test is carried out in very fine sand or silty sand


below the water table the measured “N” value if greater
then 15, should be corrected for the increased
resistance excess more water pressure set up during
driving and unable to loose immediately.

Review Questions:

Q 1: SPT stands for.


Ans: SPT stands for “Standard Penetration Test.”
Q 2: Fall of hammer in SPT test is kept
as;
Ans: 75 cm or 30 inches.

Q 3: Weight of hammer used in this test


is;
Ans: 140 lbs.

Q 4: Test is carried out up to such


penetration;
Ans: 45 cm or 100 blows.

Q 5: Maximum Blow are applied in this


test;
Ans: 100 blows.

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