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Systems Operation
Testing and
Adjusting
TH220B, TH330B, TH360B, TH560B and
TH580B Telehandlers Steering System
S/N TBF00100 & After
S/N TBG00100 & After
S/N TBH00100 & After
S/N TBP00100 & After
S/N TBJ00100 & After
Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe
basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous
situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also
have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings
are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the "Safety Alert Symbol" and followed by a "Signal Word" such as
"DANGER", "WARNING" or "CAUTION". The Safety Alert "WARNING" label is shown below.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by "NOTICE" labels on the product and in
this publication.
Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. If a tool,
procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically recommended by Caterpillar
is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others. You should also ensure that
the product will not be damaged or be made unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or
repair procedures that you choose.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was
available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you
start any job. Caterpillar® dealers have the most current information available.
Illustration 1 g01023555
4 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Manually Aligned Rear Wheels When the bottom of the switch is depressed, the
contacts for circle steer close. A signal is sent to the
machine ECM. The machine ECM sends power to the
solenoid for circle steer which is mounted on the control
valve for the steering mode. The energized solenoid
shifts the spool in order to allow oil flow to the rear steer
cylinder for circle steer. Indicator light (9) for circle steer
will illuminate when this mode is selected.
Machines With Self-Aligning Steering
The machine may be equipped with self-aligning
steering. The self-aligning feature ensures that the front
wheels and the rear wheels are aligned before the
steering mode is changed.
Illustration 3 g01006730 When steering mode switch (8) is pressed by the
(8) Mode select switch operator, the machine will not change to the desired
steering mode unless the front wheels and the rear
wheels are in the straight ahead position.
If steering mode switch (8) is pressed by the operator
Mode select switch (8) - This switch is a three- and the wheels of the machine are not aligned, the
position switch that controls the steering mode. The current steering mode will remain selected. The
mode select switch allows the machine to travel in two- indicator for the current steering mode on the display
wheel steer, in crab steer, or in circle steer. panel will remain ON, and the desired mode indicator
Note: Always move the front wheels and the rear will flash. When the front wheels and the rear wheels
wheels to the straight ahead position before you are moved to the straight ahead position by the
change the steering mode. operator, the steering mode will then change to the
desired mode.
Illustration 4 g00866446
(9) Indicator for circle steer
(10) Indicator for crab steer
(11) Indicator for two-wheel steer
When the top of mode select switch (8) is depressed,
the contacts for crab steer close. A signal is sent to the
machine electronic control module (ECM). The
machine ECM sends power to the solenoid for crab
steer which is mounted on the control valve for the
steering mode. The energized solenoid shifts the spool
in order to allow oil flow to the rear steering cylinder for
crab steer. Indicator light (10) for crab steer will
illuminate when this mode is selected.
When the switch is in the center position, the contacts
are open and the solenoids on the control valve for the
steering mode will not be energized. This will allow the
machine to operate in two-wheel steer. Indicator (11)
will illuminate when this mode is selected.
6 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Introduction
Illustration 5 g00902881
Illustration 7 g01023564
Steering selector switch (1) is located to the left of the
instrument panel inside the cab. The selector switch for
the steering mode is an input to the Electronic Control
Module that controls the steering mode.
Position Sensors
Illustration 8 g00866458
Front Position Sensor
Illustration 6 g00878479
(1) Selector switch for the steering mode
(2) Position sensors
(3) Electronic control module
(4) Solenoid for crab steer
(5) Solenoid for circle steer
(6) Relay for crab steer
(7) Relay for circle steer
Illustration 9 g00903910
Rear Position Sensor
Machines with self-aligning steering are equipped with
two steering position sensors (2). One position sensor
is attached to the front steering cylinder. The sensor
sends a signal to the ECM when the front wheels are
in the centered position. The other position sensor is
8 31200273
Systems Operation Section
attached to the rear steering cylinder. The sensor sends Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
a signal to the ECM when the rear wheels are in the Adjusting, "Control Valve (Steering Mode)" for more
centered position. information.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Position Sensor (Steering)" for more Solenoid for Circle Steer
information.
Illustration 12 g00903921
On/Off solenoid (5) for circle steer is located at the front
of the cab. Remove the cover from the front of the cab
in order to gain access to the solenoid for circle steer.
The solenoid for circle steer is attached to the control
valve for the steering mode. The solenoid for circle
steer shifts the control valve for the steering mode.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Control Valve (Steering Mode)" for more
Illustration 10 g00986607 information.
Electronic Control Module (ECM) (3) is mounted to the
inner fender under the engine hood. The ECM controls Relay (Crab Steer)
most of the functions of the machine.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Electronic Control Module" for more
information.
Illustration 13 g00943694
Relay (6) for the crab steer is located in the fuse panel.
The fuse panel is located behind an access cover in the
left side of the cab arrangement. The relay for crab
steer enables the solenoid for crab steer to be
energized.
Illustration 11 g00903915 Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
On/Off solenoid (4) for crab steer is located at the front Adjusting, "Electrical Output Components" for more
information.
of the cab. Remove the cover from the front of the cab
in order to gain access to the solenoid for circle steer.
The solenoid for crab steer is attached to the control
valve for the steering mode. The solenoid for crab steer
shifts the control valve for the steering mode.
31200273 9
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 14 g00943695
Relay (7) for the circle steer is located in the fuse
panel. The fuse panel is located behind an access
cover in the left side of the cab arrangement. The relay
for circle steer enables the solenoid for circle steer to be
energized.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Electrical Output Components" for more
information.
Illustration 16 g00866825
Steering wheel (1) is located in the center of the main
operator console. The steering wheel provides input to
the metering pump in order to control the direction of the
machine.
10 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 17 g00903734
Metering pump (2) is located at the front of the cab at
Illustration 19 g00874759
the end of the steering rod. Remove the cover from the
front of the cab in order to gain access to the metering The line for the signal limiter valve (4) is located at the
pump. The metering pump directs oil flow to the front of the cab on the left side of the metering pump.
steering cylinders. Remove the cover from the front of the cab in order to
gain access to the line for the signal limiter valve.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Metering Pump (Steering)" for more
information. Priority Valve
Piston Pump
Illustration 20 g00866827
Priority valve (5) is located on the inlet manifold on the
main control valve. Remove the cover from left side of
Illustration 18 g00866455 the machine in order to gain access to the priority
Piston pump (3) is located underneath the valve. The priority valve gives priority to the steering
transmission in the engine enclosure. The piston pump system over the implement system regarding hydraulic
provides hydraulic oil flow to the steering and implement oil flow. The priority valve directs hydraulic oil flow to the
systems. steering system when the steering system requires oil
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and flow.
Adjusting, "Piston Pump (Implement and Steering)" for Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
more information. Adjusting, "Inlet Manifold" for more information.
31200273 11
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 23 g00870517
Illustration 21 g00903903 Hydraulic tank (8) is located on the left side of the
Control valve (6) for the steering mode is located at the machine behind the cab. The hydraulic tank provides a
front of the cab, next to the metering pump. Remove reservoir for the hydraulic oil.
the cover from the front of the cab in order to gain
access to the control valve for the steering mode. The Hydraulic Tank Breather
control valve for the steering mode directs oil flow for the
various modes of steering operation.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Control Valve (Steering)" for more
information.
Steering Cylinders
Illustration 24 g00870519
Breather (9) for the hydraulic tank is located on top of
the hydraulic tank under the windshield washer
reservoir. The hydraulic tank breather vents the tank to
the atmosphere.
Illustration 22 g00870515
Illustration 25 g00870523
Illustration 26 g00870527
Hydraulic tank drain plug (11) is located on the bottom
of the hydraulic tank.
Illustration 29 g00926215
The steering mode switch is a three-position switch.
The three steering modes crab steer mode, front steer
mode, and circle steer mode.
A faulty switch can be detected due to the signal
pattern of the switch. The CID fault code is number 750
and the FMI code is number 02.
Illustration 27 g00870538
Transmission drain plug (12) is located on the bottom of
the transmission housing. The transmission drain plug
allows the transmission oil to be drained.
31200273 13
Systems Operation Section
(1) The ECM responds to an active input only when all the
Illustration 31 g00785019
necessary conditions are satisfied.
Electronic Control Module (ECM)
(2) The connector contacts that are not listed are not used.
The electronic control module (ECM) makes decisions
that are based on input information and memory
information. After the ECM receives the input
information, the ECM sends a corresponding response
to the outputs. The inputs and outputs of the ECM are
connected to the machine harness by two 70 contact
connectors (J1 and J2). The ECM is located on the
14 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 32 g00900637
Relays
Illustration 34 g00991545
Electrical Schematic
This is a simplified schematic of the steering system for
the machine ECM. This schematic does not show all
possible harness connectors. See the appropriate
Electrical Schematic, for an accurate schematic of the
machine.
Illustration 35 g00900807
Inlet Manifold
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Location of Hydraulic Components" for the
location of the inlet manifold on the implement control
valve.
The inlet manifold includes the following
components:
• Valve Assembly (Steering priority)
• Screens (75 and 100 micron)
• Relief Valve (load sensing oil)
• Flow Control Valve (Dump valve for the load
sensing oil)
Illustration 36 g00904260 • Check valves
The inlet manifold is part of the main control valve
(implement).
16 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Check Valve
When the spool in the steering priority valve moves up,
pressure from the top side of the spool is exhausted
through the check valve. Systems Operation Section
31200273 17
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 37 g01023649
This schematic shows the steering priority valve in operation.
(1) Check valve (8) Screen (15) Line to implement system
(2) Line to implement system (9) Orifice (16) Tank
(3) Valve As (Steering Priority) (10) Line to metering pump (17) Check valve (Return oil back pressure)
(4) Return oil from implement system (11) Pump supply (18) Flow Control Valve GP (Dump valve for the load sensing oil)
(5) Spring (12) Load sensing oil from implements
(6) Orifice (13) Load sensing oil from implement system
(7) Line to metering pump (14) Relief valve (Load sensing oil)
When the steering wheel is stationary, there is no supply passage to the metering pump. Some of the oil
demand from the metering pump for oil. The spool in the through orifice (9) acts with spring (5) in order to work
steering metering unit is spring centered and the oil is against the pressure above priority valve (3). When
blocked at the spool. This causes an increase in steering is activated there is instant response from the
pressure in supply line (10) to the metering pump. The metering pump.
increased pressure acts upon the top of the priority Some oil in Passage (7) opens check valve (19) and the
valve spool. The spool proportionally moves down oil enters the load sensing line (20). The oil in the load
against the force of spring (5). The mid-position of the sensing oil pressure line (20) flows to the pump
spool allows oil flow to the steering system and to the compensator and the oil causes the pump to upstroke
implement control system. Further movement of the slightly. The upstroke of the pump will increase the low
spool in the steering priority valve closes off the majority pressure standby. The higher low pressure standby
of the supply of oil to the steering system. Most of the pressure maintains the pilot supply pressure for the
oil flow through the priority valve is then supplied to the valves of the pilot hydraulic system.
implement system through line (15).
Orifice (6) and orifice (9) allow a small leakage from
supply line (10) back to the hydraulic tank. This
leakage prevents Priority Valve (3) from closing off the
18 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Steering Activated
Illustration 38 g01016788
This schematic shows the steering priority valve in operation.
(1) Check valve (8) Screen (15) Line to implement system
(2) Line to implement system (9) Orifice (16) Tank
(3) Valve As (Steering Priority) (10) Line to metering pump (17) Check valve (Return oil back pressure)
(4) Return oil from implement system (11) Pump supply (18) Flow Control Valve GP (Dump valve for the load sensing oil)
(5) Spring (12) Load sensing oil from implements
(6) Orifice (13) Load sensing oil from implement system
(7) Line to metering pump (14) Relief valve (Load sensing oil)
When the steering wheel is turned, there is a pressure meet the demand for steering flow. This causes the
drop in passage (7). Due to the leakage oil past orifice hydraulic flow to the metering pump to increase.
(9) and the force of spring (5), the priority valve (3) The oil from the piston pump is directed to the
moves up rapidly in order to direct supply oil in passage metering unit through line (7). When the steering wheel
(11) to the metering pump (7). is turned faster, the pressure increases in load signal
The flow of oil in line (7) is also blocked at the line (7). The pressure determines the amount of
metering pump. This causes a buildup of pressure in proportional movement of the priority valve spool.
line (7). The pressure in the form of a load sensing If the steering system and another implement are used
signal is transmitted through line (7) to a chamber at the at the same time, the priority valve can supply oil to
bottom of steering priority valve (3). Also, oil flows both the metering unit and the main control valve
through Check Valve (9) into signal line (19) in order to
signal the pump. The pump increases flow in order to
31200273 19
Systems Operation Section
Steering System
Steering Control System
The hydraulic pump for the steering system is a
variable displacement axial piston type. The pump
output is matched to system requirements by a priority
valve in the inlet manifold on the main control valve.
The priority valve in the inlet manifold is connected by
a line to the metering pump.
The control valve for the steering mode is a three-
position solenoid operated valve which controls the
steering modes.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Location of Hydraulic Components" for the
location of the hydraulic components in the steering
system.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Location of Electrical Components" for the
location of the electrical components in the steering
system.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Piston Pump (Implement and Steering)" for
operating information.
Reference: See Systems Operation/Testing and
Adjusting, "Steering Valve (Steering Mode Selector)" for
operating information.
Reference: See Operation and Maintenance Manual,
"Steering Mode" for the operating information of the
modes.
The four schematics show the Steering System in
the following modes of operation:
• Steering in neutral
• Right Turn in Two-Wheel Steer Mode
• Left Turn in Circle Steer Mode
• Left Turn in Crab Steer Mode
20 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Steering in Neutral
Illustration 39 g01023657
(1) Front steering cylinder (10) Oil flow to pilot valve (19) Front axle
(2) Rear steering cylinder (11) Oil flow from implement valve (20) Rear axle
(3) Inlet manifold (12) Signal from implement valve (21) Signal limiter valve (steering)
(4) Priority valve (13) Oil flow from control valve (22) Orifice
(5) Main control valve (implement) (14) Signal drain valve (23) Signal line
(6) Signal limiter valve (implement) (15) Return to tank (24) Check Valve
(7) Steering selector valve (16) Load signal to pump (25) Orifice
(8) Gerotor pump (17) Supply from pump
(9) Metering pump (18) Return to tank
31200273 21
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 40 g01023692
(1) Front steering cylinder (10) Oil flow to pilot valve (19) Front axle
(2) Rear steering cylinder (11) Oil flow from implement valve (20) Rear axle
(3) Inlet manifold (12) Signal from implement valve (21) Signal limiter valve (steering)
(4) Priority valve (13) Oil flow from control valve (22) Orifice
(5) Main control valve (implement) (14) Signal drain valve (23) Signal line
(6) Signal limiter valve (implement) (15) Return to tank (24) Check Valve
(7) Steering selector valve (16) Load signal to pump (25) Orifice
(8) Gerotor pump (17) Supply from pump
(9) Metering pump (18) Return to tank
31200273 23
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 41 g01023711
(1) Front steering cylinder (10) Oil flow to pilot valve (19) Front axle
(2) Rear steering cylinder (11) Oil flow from implement valve (20) Rear axle
(3) Inlet manifold (12) Signal from implement valve (21) Signal limiter valve (steering)
(4) Priority valve (13) Oil flow from control valve (22) Orifice
(5) Main control valve (implement) (14) Signal drain valve (23) Signal line
(6) Signal limiter valve (implement) (15) Return to tank (24) Check Valve
(7) Steering selector valve (16) Load signal to pump (25) Orifice
(8) Gerotor pump (17) Supply from pump
(9) Metering pump (18) Return to tank
31200273 25
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 42 g01023720
(1) Front steering cylinder (10) Oil flow to pilot valve (19) Front axle
(2) Rear steering cylinder (11) Oil flow from implement valve (20) Rear axle
(3) Inlet manifold (12) Signal from implement valve (21) Signal limiter valve (steering)
(4) Priority valve (13) Oil flow from control valve (22) Orifice
(5) Main control valve (implement) (14) Signal drain valve (23) Signal line
(6) Signal limiter valve (implement) (15) Return to tank (24) Check Valve
(7) Steering selector valve (16) Load signal to pump (25) Orifice
(8) Gerotor pump (17) Supply from pump
(9) Metering pump (18) Return to tank
31200273 27
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 43 g01023580
Steering system in neutral
(1) Steering line relief valves (11) Priority valve
(2) Front axle (12) Oil flow to pilot valve
(3) HAND metering unit (13) Oil flow from implement valve
(4) Front steering cylinder (14) Steering selector valve
(5) Rear steering cylinder (15) Signal from implement valve
(6) Rear axle (16) Signal limiter valve (implement)
(7) Gerotor pump (17) Signal drain valve
(8) Inlet Manifold (18) Oil flow to main control valve
(9) Main hydraulic control valve (24) Check Valve
(10) Signal limiter valve (steering) (25) Orifice
31200273 29
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 44 g01022614
Steering and Implement Pump (Engine Off)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
Piston pump (1) has the following characteristics: Shaft (4) - The rotation of the pump is
• variable displacement counterclockwise when the pump is viewed from the
drive end. The piston and barrel assembly is splined to
• load sensing the drive shaft.
• compensation for pressure Bias spring (5) - If there is no pressure on the right
• compensation for flow side of the actuator piston, the bias spring will hold the
swashplate at the maximum angle.
This piston type pump has variable flow and pressure.
The flow and pressure are dependent on the system Swashplate (6) - The displacement of the pump is
demands that are sensed by pressure and flow controlled by the angle of the swashplate. The angle of
compensator valve (2). the swashplate causes the pistons to move in and out of
the rotating barrel.
Note: Load sensing oil pressure is sometimes referred
to as signal oil. The two terms have the same meaning Actuator piston (7) - When oil pressure increases
throughout this story. behind the actuator piston, the piston will overcome the
force of the bias spring. This causes the angle of the
The piston pump has the following components: swashplate to be reduced.
Piston and barrel assembly (3) - The cylinder barrel Pressure and flow compensator valve (2) - The
contains nine pistons. The cylinder barrel assembly
rotates whenever the engine is running. The pistons
move oil into the barrel and out of the barrel.
30 31200273
Systems Operation Section
pressure and flow compensator valve controls the 27500 ± 500 kPa (3988 ± 73 psi) if the load sensing oil
delivery of oil and the return of oil to the actuator relief valve fails.
piston. Pressure and flow compensator valve (2) has orifice
When the engine is OFF, pressure and flow (15) in the load sensing oil passage to actuator piston
compensator valve (2) does not receive load sensing oil (16). Orifice (15) is used in order to regulate the
pressure (8) or supply pressure from pump outlet (9). response rate of the actuator piston by creating a
Margin spring (10) pushes flow compensator spool consistent leak path.
(11) completely downward. Any pressure that is on the The load sensing oil relief valve in the TH330B is set at
right side of actuator piston (7) is vented to the case 22800 kPa (3300 psi) and the margin pressure is set at
drain across flow compensator spool (11). 2200 kPa (320 psi). The maximum system pressure is
When there is no pressure behind actuator piston (7), 25000 ± 500 kPa (3625 ± 75 psi).
bias spring (5) is able to hold swashplate (6) at the Pressure compensator spool (14) is used as a backup
maximum angle. to limit the maximum system pressure to
When the engine is started, shaft (4) starts to rotate. Oil 27500 ± 500 kPa (3988 ± 73 psi) on the TH220B and
flows into the piston bore from pump inlet (12). Oil is 26000 ± 500 kPa (3770 ± 73 psi) on the TH330B if the
forced out of pump outlet (9) and into the system as the load sensing oil relief valve fails.
piston and barrel assembly (3) rotates. Note: If the load sensing oil relief valve is operating
correctly the load sensing oil relief valve controls the
Compensator Valve maximum system pressure. Maximum system
pressure should be the pressure of the load sensing oil
Pressure and flow compensator valve (2) is bolted to relief valve plus the margin pressure. If the load
the top of the piston pump. Pressure and flow sensing oil relief valve is not adjusted correctly the
compensator valve (2) compensates for pressure pressure compensator acts as a backup.
variations and flow variations in the implement
hydraulic system in order to meet the system
demands.
Flow compensator spool (11) regulates the pump
output flow in response to the following oil
pressures:
• Load sensing oil pressure (8)
• Supply pressure from pump outlet (9)
The load sensing oil is received through the load
sensing oil control network for the pump.
The flow that is supplied by the hydraulic pump is the
amount that is required in order to keep the supply
pressure 2200 ± 100 kPa (320 ± 15 psi) above the
load sensing oil pressure (8). The difference between
load sensing oil pressure (8) from the main hydraulic
control valve and the supply pressure from pump outlet
(9) is called the margin pressure. Flow compensator
spool (11) controls the margin pressure.
Margin pressure is equal to the spring force value of
margin spring (10).
The margin pressure is adjusted by turning adjusting
screw (13) on flow compensator spool (11).
Note: The maximum system pressure is controlled by
the load sensing oil relief valve and the margin
pressure. The load sensing oil relief valve in the
TH220B is set at 24300 kPa (3524 psi) and the margin
pressure is set at 2200 kPa (320 psi). The maximum
system pressure is 26500 ± 500 kPa (3843 ± 75 psi).
Illustration 45 g01022627
Steering and Implement Pump (Low pressure Standby)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
When piston pump (1) produces flow, the system Even when no implements are being used, the steering
pressure begins to increase because the oil flow from system maintains a load sensing oil to the pump.
pump outlet (9) is blocked at the closed center The pressure at pump outlet (9) must overcome the
implement control valves. force of margin spring (10) and the dynamic bleed
The supply pressure from pump outlet (9) is felt at the signal. Pressure at pump outlet (9) is called "low
bottom end of flow compensator spool (11). The supply pressure standby". Low pressure standby is
pressure from pump outlet (9) is greater than the approximately 4500 kPa (650 psi).
combined pressure of load sensing oil pressure (8) and The low pressure standby is higher than the margin
margin spring (10). The flow compensator spool moves pressure. The higher pressure is needed to maintain the
upward against the margin spring. This permits system pilot pressure.
oil to flow to actuator piston (7).
When piston pump (1) is at low pressure standby, the
When the pressure on actuator piston (7) increases, the supply pressure from pump outlet (9) raises flow
force of bias spring (5) is overcome and swashplate compensator spool (11) higher. This will further
(6) is moved to a slight angle. compress margin spring (10). An increased amount of
Piston pump (1) produces enough flow in order to supply oil from pump outlet (9) will flow to actuator
compensate for normal system leakage when piston (7). This will slightly destroke the hydraulic
swashplate (6) is at a slight angle. Also, the piston pump.
pump has sufficient pressure in order to provide The low pressure standby can be adjusted by
instantaneous response when an implement is changing the setting of the margin spring.
activated.
32 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Upstroke
Illustration 46 g01022648
Steering and Implement Pump (Upstroke)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
When an implement hydraulic circuit requires flow, the • The hydraulic pump will upstroke when the flow
pressure from pump outlet (9) is reduced. The force of demand increases from changing the position of
margin spring (10) and load sensing oil pressure (8) is the main control spool in a hydraulic control valve.
greater than supply pressure from pump outlet (9). The • If another implement hydraulic circuit is engaged,
overall force is on the top end of flow compensator there is a need for increased pump flow.
spool (11).
• If the flow demand on the implement hydraulic
The spool moves down. The spool blocks the flow of oil
system remains constant or the flow demand
to actuator piston (7). Oil that is in the chamber for
increases, the hydraulic pump will upstroke when
actuator piston (7) is vented to the case drain across
the engine speed decreases.
flow compensator spool (11). This allows bias spring (5)
to move swashplate (6) to a greater angle. Note: The load sensing oil pressure does not need to
increase in order to upstroke the hydraulic pump.
The pump now produces more flow. This condition is
known as "upstroking". For example, if one implement hydraulic circuit is
activated at an operating pressure of 13800 kPa (2000
The following conditions can result in upstroking
psi), the system pressure is 16000 kPa (2320 psi). The
the pump:
pressure of 16000 kPa (2320 psi) is a combination of the
• If an implement hydraulic circuit is initially activated margin pressure and the pressure of the load sensing
from low pressure standby, the load sensing load oil.
sensing oil increases the pump output flow. This
increased pump output flow is routed to the position If another implement hydraulic circuit is activated at an
of a main control spool of a hydraulic control valve initial operating pressure of 6900 kPa (1000 psi), the
that demands the oil. maximum pressure of the load sensing oil will still be
31200273 33
Systems Operation Section
Constant Flow
Illustration 47 g01022658
Steering and Implement Pump (Constant Flow)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
As the pump increases flow or decreases flow in order • Supply pressure from pump outlet (9)
to match the change in the flow requirements, the Once the pressures become equal on each end of the
forces above the flow compensator spool and below spool, flow compensator spool (11) will meter oil to
the flow compensator spool will equalize. actuator piston (7). Bias spring (5) will be compressed
The following pressures will act on the top end of and the system will stabilize.
flow compensator spool (11):
Swashplate (6) is held at a relative constant angle in
• Margin spring (10) order to maintain the required flow.
• Load sensing oil pressure (8)
The following pressure will act on the bottom end of
flow compensator spool (11):
34 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Destroke
Illustration 48 g01022669
Steering and Implement Pump (Destroke)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
When less flow is required, piston pump (1) destrokes. • If the main control spool for a hydraulic control
The piston pump destrokes when the supply pressure valve is moved to a position that requires less flow,
from pump outlet (9) becomes greater than the the hydraulic pump will destroke.
combined pressure of load sensing oil pressure (8) and
• If multiple hydraulic control valves are being used,
margin spring (10).
the hydraulic pump will destroke when there is
Flow compensator spool (11) is raised. This allows
• a reduction in flow demand from any one of the
more oil flow to actuator piston (7). Pressure on
hydraulic control valves.
actuator piston (7) is now increased.
• •If the engine speed increases, the piston pump
The increased pressure overcomes the force of bias
destrokes.
spring (5) which moves swashplate (6) to a reduced
angle. When the supply pressure at pump outlet (9) When the piston pump destrokes, supply oil pressure
matches the combined pressure of load sensing oil from pump outlet (9) decreases on the bottom side of
pressure (8) and margin spring (10), the flow flow compensator spool (11).
compensator spool returns to a metering position. The force on the top of flow compensator spool (11)
Piston pump (1) will return to a constant flow. is the sum of the following pressures:
The following conditions result in destroking the • Margin spring (10)
pump:
• Load sensing oil pressure (8)
• When a main control spool for a hydraulic control
valve is moved to the HOLD position the hydraulic The following force acts on the bottom of flow
pump will destroke. compensator spool (11):
• Supply pressure at pump outlet (9)
31200273 35
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 49 g01022710
Steering and Implement Pump (Maximum System Pressure)
(1) Piston pump (8) Load Sensing Oil Pressure (15) Orifices
(2) Compensator Valve (9) Pump Outlet (16) Passage to Actuator Piston
(3) Piston and Barrel Assembly (10) Margin Spring (17) Line to the Control Valve Group
(4) Shaft (11) Margin Spool (18) Orifice
(5) Bias Spring (12) Pump Inlet (19) Passage
(6) Swashplate (13) Adjusting Screw
(7) Actuator Piston (14) Pressure Cutoff Spool
Note: Relief Valve (Load sensing oil) is sometimes If the load sensing oil relief valve (20) is not adjusted
referred to as the signal limiter valve. The two terms correctly, pressure compensator spool (14) serves as a
have the same meaning throughout this story. backup relief in order to protect the hydraulic system.
Note: This condition will only occur when the load At high pressure stall, the piston pump is at minimum
sensing oil relief valve is set below the valve of the flow and the supply oil at pump outlet (9) is at
pressure compensator. maximum pressure. These conditions are maintained for
If piston pump (1) is at a high pressure stall or a single implement in a stall condition.
maximum system pressure, the combined pressure of If multiple implement hydraulic circuits are activated and
load sensing oil pressure (8) and margin spring (10) is one circuit is at a stall, the piston pump (1) will
equal to the supply pressure at pump outlet (9). upstroke in order to meet the increased flow demands.
Load sensing oil relief valve (20) limits the maximum This flow meets the needs of the other circuits that are
system pressure at any pump displacement. Load operating at a lower work port pressure.
sensing oil relief valve (20) is set at 22800 kPa (3300
psi).
A margin pressure of 2200 ± 100 kPa (320 ± 15 psi)
above the load sensing oil is still maintained while i02141790
piston pump (1) is at a high pressure stall.
If the piston pump is at a high pressure stall, the
maximum system pressure will be 26500 ± 500 kPa
(3843 ± 75 psi) for the TH220B and 25000 ± 500 kPa
(3625 ± 75 psi) for the TH330B.
31200273 37
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 50 g00740715
(A) Control section
(B) Metering section
(1) Spool
(2) Sleeve
(3) Outlet to the tank
(4) Makeup valve
(5) Inlet (pump supply from priority valve)
(6) Check valve
(7) Rotor
(8) Stator
(9) Centering springs
(10) Drive pin
(11) Left turn port
(12) Right turn port
(13) Body
(14) Drive shaft
(15) Signal port
38 31200273
Systems Operation Section
Illustration 51 g00744660
Spool and sleeve of the steering metering pump
(1) Spool
(2) Sleeve
(16) Holes for the drive pin
(17) Slots for the drive pin
(18) Holes
(19) Grooves
(20) Slots for the centering springs
The metering pump controls the following actions:
• Direction of a turn
• Speed of a turn
As the steering wheel is turned faster, there is an
increase in the flow of oil to the steering cylinders. The
increased flow of oil to the steering cylinders causes
the steering cylinder rods to move faster. This causes
the machine to make a faster turn.
The main components of the metering pump are
connected in the following way:
The steering column is connected to spool (1) by a
splined drive shaft. Sleeve (2), spool (1), and drive
shaft (14) are connected by drive pin (10). Drive pin (10)
is installed through holes (16) in the sleeve and slots
(17) in the spool.
The three schematics show the steering system in
the following positions:
• Hold
• Right Turn
• Left Turn
31200273 39
Systems Operation Section
Hold
Illustration 52 g01023926
(1) Spool (22) Relief Valve (26) Oil flow to load signal network
(2) Sleeve (23) Signal limiter valve (27) Signal to priority valve
(4) Makeup valve (24) Oil flow to left side of front steering cylinder. (28) Return to tank
(6) Check valve (25) Pump supply from priority valve (29) Oil flow to steering control valve
(21) Check valve
Right Turn
Illustration 53 g01024003
(1) Spool (22) Relief Valve (26) Oil flow to load signal network
(2) Sleeve (23) Signal limiter valve (27) Signal to priority valve
(4) Makeup valve (24) Oil flow to left side of front steering cylinder. (28) Return to tank
(6) Check valve (25) Pump supply from priority valve (29) Oil flow to steering control valve
(21) Check valve
Left Turn
Illustration 54 g01024021
(1) Spool (22) Relief Valve (26) Oil flow to load signal network
(2) Sleeve (23) Signal limiter valve (27) Signal to priority valve
(4) Makeup valve (24) Oil flow to left side of front steering cylinder. (28) Return to tank
(6) Check valve (25) Pump supply from priority valve (29) Oil flow to steering control valve
(21) Check valve
When a left turn is made, oil flows past check valve (6) Relief valves (22) are installed in the metering unit in
in inlet port (5) of the metering valve to gerotor pump order to reduce the effect of shocks that are
(21). The oil is then directed through left turn port (11) to transmitted from the road wheels.
the left side of the front steering cylinder. Return oil from Note: If a pressure spike occurs in the system due to an
the control valve (steering mode) flows into the outside factor, check valve (6) protects the system from
steering metering pump through the following damage.
components to the tank: right turn port (12), spool (1),
sleeve (2), and outlet port (3). Refer to Illustrations 50, 51 and 54.
Position Sensor (Steering) pressure to the appropriate control valve for the
desired steering mode. The ECM then sends an input
through a CAN data link to the dash panel. A light on
the dash panel will illuminate when steering mode is
selected.
When two-wheel steer is selected the steering position
sensor is energized. If the rear wheels are in the
straight ahead position, lamp (3) on steering position
sensor (2) will be illuminated. The contacts inside the
sensor are open and power to the electrical relay for the
selector valve is disconnected. Both of the solenoids
for the valve are now de-energized regardless of the
position of the steering mode select switch.
If the rear wheels are not in the straight ahead
Illustration 55 g00866458
position, the lamp on the steering position sensor will
Front Position Sensor
not be illuminated. The contacts in the steering position
sensor will be closed and power is still connected to
the electrical relay for the selector valve. The
appropriate solenoid on the selector valve remains
energized.
When the steering wheel is turned, the rear wheels will
move in the selected mode until the wheels are in the
straight ahead position. The contacts in the steering
position sensor are open and the selector valve is de-
energized. The spool in the selector valve is then
centered by spring force, and the rear wheels remain in
the straight ahead position.
Illustration 56 g00793912
When the master steering select switch is moved to the
(1) Rear axle center position, power is disconnected from the
(2) Steering position sensor electrical circuit for the steering. This position is
intended for operation of the machine in two-wheel steer
mode.
Refer to Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting,
"Position Sensor (Steering) - Adjust" for information on
adjusting the sensor.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
"Steering Alignment" for additional information on
adjusting the steering position sensor.
Refer to the Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting,
"Location of Electrical Components" for the location of
the steering position sensors.
Illustration 57 g00908667
(2) Steering position sensor
(3) Lamp
Machines with self-aligning steering are equipped with
two steering position sensors (2). One position sensor
is attached to the front steering cylinder. One sensor is
mounted on the rear axle. The steering position sensor
is activated when the wheels are in the centered
position. The switches are magnetic position sensors
that will supply a ground to the ECM when the sensors
are in the centered position.
The ECM reads the input from the steering position
sensor. The ECM will energize the appropriate relay in
order to control the solenoid and direct hydraulic
31200273 43
Systems Operation Section
Configuration Parameters
Illustration 58 g00993238
This is a summary screen
Some parameters need to be configured for the
machine to operate properly. The configuration screen
for the ECM can be accessed by using the Cat
Electronic Technician (ET). The configuration screen
for each ECM is accessed from the above ECM
summary screen by selecting "Configuration" from the
"Service" drop-down menu.
Reference: Refer to the appropriate service manual
for further instructions on configuring the ECM for your
machine.
44 31200273
Systems Operation Section
31200273 45
Testing and Adjusting Section
Introduction
This test is designed to check a pump for operation
within the design parameters.
For any pump test, the pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi)
will be larger than the pump flow at 6900 kPa (1000
psi) if the pump is operating at the same rpm. The
pump flow is measured in L/min (US gpm). Test On The Machine
The difference between the pump flow of the two
operating pressures is the flow loss.
Reference: See the appropriate service manual for
specifications of the pump on your machine.
Hot oil and components can cause personal injury.
Method for determining flow loss
Do not allow hot oil or components to contact
skin.
31200273 47
Testing and Adjusting Section
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing,
adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to collect
the fluid with suitable containers before opening any
compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Required Tools
Use the following equipment in order to test the
pump flow: Illustration 60 g00903590
View on the left side of the machine
Table 9
(1) Test fitting for the load signal
Required Tools
Part
Tool Part Description Qty
Number
A 5P-3600 Hydraulic Flow Meter 1
Install tool (A). Run the engine at high idle. Measure the
pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi), and at 6900 kPa (1000
psi). Use these values in the formula that is shown in
(Table 8).
Steering Pressure Test 4. Divide Tooling (B) into two separate gauge
assemblies. Install a pressure gauge on test fitting
Introduction (1) and install a pressure gauge on test fitting (2).
Refer to Illustrations 60 and 61.
The steering system pressure and the margin pressure
can be checked at the same time. 5. Connect Tooling (B) to test fitting (1). Refer to
Illustration 60.
Required Tools 6. Start the engine and operate the engine at low
Use the following test equipment in order to idle. Raise the boom until the work tool is off of
perform the following procedure: the ground. Rotate the steering wheel for the full
• Appropriate pressure gauges distance of travel. Continue to rotate the steering
wheel in order to check the steering pressure. The
Table 11 provides a list of required tools if pressure pressure reading will not be constant. Record the
gauges will be used to perform the following test high side of the measured value. If the pressure
procedure. is not within the specification, adjust the steering
Table 11 relief valve. Refer to Testing and Adjusting,
"Steering Pressure Adjustment".
Required Tools
Table 12
Part
Tool Part Description Qty Steering Pressure
Number
Pressure Gauge (0 to 40000 Model Pressure
8T-0860 2
kPa (5800 psi))
16250 ± 1000 kPa (2350.0
TH220B, TH330B, TH360B
6V-3989 Test fitting 2 ± 145.0 psi)
B
177-7861 Hose 2 TH560B with axles 231-
17750 ± 1000 kPa (2575.0
6V-4143 Coupler 4 0707or231-0708 231-
± 145.0 psi)
0709or231-0710
Test Procedure 17750 ± 1000 kPa (2600.0
TH580
± 145.0 psi)
fitting (1) then the pressure compensator needs to 4. Turn adjusting screw (8) counterclockwise in order
be adjusted. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, to reduce the setting of the pressure compensator.
"Pressure Compensator Adjustment". Refer to Turn the screw until the margin pressure begins
Illustrations 60 and 61 for the location of the test fittings. to drop.
c. If the high pressure stall reading is low, the pressure 5. When the margin pressure begins to drop, turn
compensator needs to be adjusted. Refer to Testing adjusting screw (8) clockwise by a 1/4 turn. This
and Adjusting, "Pressure Compensator
ensures that the pressure compensator is set
Adjustment".
above the adjustment for the relief valve (load
sensing oil).
Pressure Compensator Adjustment
6. Tighten locknut (9) while you hold screw (8) in
Adjustment Procedure place.
7. Install seal (10) and cap nut (7).
8. Stop the engine and remove Tooling (B) from the
machine.
Required Tools
Part
Tool Part Description Qty
Number
A 6V-7830 Pressure Gauge 1
Illustration 69 g00744667
56 31200273
Testing and Adjusting Section
Illustration 73 g00793916
(4) Position sensor
(5) Clamp
6. Slacken two clamps (5) that secure position sensor
(4).
Illustration 71 g00744670
3. Ensure that the wheels are aligned straight
ahead. The string should be touching the outer
circumference of each wheel in two places. If
necessary, move the wheels to a straight ahead
position. If the wheels do not touch the string in
two places, adjust the wheel alignment.
4. Turn the engine start switch key to the ON
position, but do not start the engine.
5. Move the master steering select switch to position Illustration 74 g00793939
2. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual
for additional information on the operation of the
switches.
31200273 57
Testing and Adjusting Section
Illustration 75 g00795375
Steering geometry adjustment
(1) Cord lines (3) Guide rod (5) Bolt
(2) Locknut (4) Knuckle (6) Locknut
1. Park the machine on level ground and align the Adjusting the Wheel Alignment
wheels straight ahead. Move the transmission
control to the NEUTRAL position and engage the 1. Loosen locknuts (2). Place an open end wrench
parking brake. on the flats of each guide rod (3). Rotate each
guide rod clockwise by an equal amount until the
Note: Ensure that the rear wheels are straight ahead.
wheels are parallel. Alternatively, rotate each
If the steering is not synchronized, the rear wheels
guide rod counterclockwise by an equal amount
may be at an angle when the front wheels are straight.
until the wheels are parallel. The amount of
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
chrome rod that is visible on each side of the
"Steering Mode Control".
steering cylinder must remain equal. Refer to
2. Lower the boom and retract the boom. Stop the distance (A) in Illustration 75. Tighten the locknuts
engine and attach a "DO NOT OPERATE" warning after the adjustments for the tie rods are complete.
tag or similar warning tag to the controls. Tighten locknuts (2) to the proper torque. See the
3. Place a cord line (1) on each side of the machine. Specifications Manual, "Drive and Steering Axles"
The lines should be parallel with the centerline of for your machine in order to determine proper
the machine. Each cord should be approximately torque values.
100 mm (4 inch) from the tires and at a height 2. Remove the cord lines.
that corresponds to the centerline of the wheels.
Measure the distance between the outer face of
the tire and the adjacent cord in order to check that
the wheels are parallel. Record the measurement
at the front of each wheel and at the back of each
wheel.
4. If the wheels are not parallel it will be necessary to
adjust the wheel alignment.
31200273 59
Testing and Adjusting Section
Adjusting the Steering Angle 5. Loosen locknuts (6) on all four stop bolts (5). Turn
all four bolts (5) clockwise until the bolts bottom
out.
6. Hold a long straight bar (8) against the housing
for the steering cylinder.
Illustration 76 g00894957
(4) Knuckle
(5) Bolt
(6) Locknut
After the wheels have been correctly aligned the Illustration 78 g00950064
maximum steering angle must be adjusted. Each wheel Typical Example
is equipped with a knuckle (4). The knuckle is equipped 7. Rotate the left side final drive until the angle that is
with two bolts (5) that act as steering stops. Each bolt is formed by the two bars measures the correct
secured in place with a locknut (6). angle. See table 17.
Park the machine on level ground. Move the Table 17
transmission control to the NEUTRAL position. Lower
Steering Angles
the boom and retract the boom. Engage the parking
brake. Model Front Rear
1. Raise the front of the machine in order to lift the TH220B & TH330B 48° 50°
front wheels off the ground. Place the jack in a TH360B 46° 48°
location that will sustain the weight of the machine
such as the axle pads. The axle pad should be TH560B 46° 48°
parallel to the ground. The head of the jack should
8. Apply 154-9731 Thread Lock Compound to the
be against a flat surface. Use a jack which will
four stop bolts (5). Apply the compound to the
support the weight of the machine.
threads in the knuckle and apply the compound in
2. Remove both of the front wheels. the locknuts (6). See Illustration 76.
9. Turn stop bolt (5) on the left side knuckle
counterclockwise until the head of the screw
contacts the steering stop. Secure the screw in
place with locknut (6). Tighten locknuts (6) to a
torque of 150 N-m (111 lb ft). See Illustration 75.
Note: Use a piece of paper as a go/no-go gauge in
order to check that the stop bolts touch the casting. If
the paper slides between the bolt and the casting, reset
the bolt in order to contact the casting.
10. Repeat step 9 for the stop screw on the right side
knuckle that is diagonally opposite.
Note: The steering stop on the right side knuckle and
Illustration 77 g00950065 the steering stop that is directly opposite must make
Typical Example contact with the castings at the same time when the
3. 3. Place bar (7) against the outer flange of the final steering is at the maximum angle.
drive on the left side. Secure the bar in place with 11. Rotate the final drive on the right side until the
two existing wheel nuts. Repeat the procedure for angle that is formed by the two bars measures the
the final drive on the right side. correct angle. See table 17.
4. Clean the four stop bolts (5) and locknuts (6). 12. Turn stop bolt (5) on the right side knuckle
counterclockwise until the head of the bolt
60 31200273
Testing and Adjusting Section
Specifications
Low Idle (Engine) 950 ± 25 rpm
High Idle (Engine) 2350 ± 25 rpm
Steering Pressure 220B, 330B, and 360B 16250 ± 750 kPa (2400 ± 100 psi)
Steering Pressure 560B and 580B 17750 ± 750 kPa (2575 ± 100 psi)
Table 19
Pressure of the Fan Pump and Speed of the Fan Motor 220B
and 330B Machines (Fan Reversing)
Engine Speed Pressure Fan Speed
Low Idle 4000 ± 200 kPa (580 ± 30 psi) 1230 ± 50 RPM
High Idle 15000 ± 200 kPa (2175 ± 30 psi) 2400 ± 50 RPM
Fan Motor in Reverse or Counterclockwise Direction
Low Idle 4000 ± 200 kPa (580 ± 30 psi) 1230 ± 50 RPM
High Idle 14500 ± 200 kPa (2100 ± 30 psi) 2840 ± 50 RPM
A L
Adjustment of the Relief Valve (Load Sensing Oil) Location of Electrical Components
Low Pressure Standby Adjustment............................... 53 Electronic Control Module............................................... 8
Low Pressure Standby Test.......................................... 52 Position Sensors............................................................. 7
Pressure Compensator Adjustment.............................. 52 Relay (Circle Steer) ........................................................ 9
Test for Pressure Compensator.................................... 51 Relay (Crab Steer) .......................................................... 8
Adjustment of the Relief Valve (Load Sensing Oil) ............ 51 Selector Switch for the Steering Mode ........................... 7
Solenoid for Circle Steer ................................................. 8
C
Solenoid for Crab Steer .................................................. 8
Configuration Parameters .................................................. 43 Location of Electrical Components....................................... 7
E Location of Hydraulic Components
Control Valve (Steering) ............................................... 11
Electrical Input Components
Hydraulic Oil Drain Plugs.............................................. 12
Position Sensor............................................................. 13
Hydraulic Oil Level Indicator ......................................... 12
Steering Mode Switch................................................... 12
Hydraulic Tank.............................................................. 11
Electrical Input Components .............................................. 12
Hydraulic Tank Breather ............................................... 11
Electrical Output Components
Line for the Signal Limiter Valve for the Steering ......... 10
CAN Data Link.............................................................. 15
Metering Pump ............................................................. 10
CAT Data Link .............................................................. 14
Piston Pump ................................................................. 10
Data Link....................................................................... 14
Priority Valve................................................................. 10
Instrument Cluster ........................................................ 14
Steering Cylinders ........................................................ 11
Relays........................................................................... 14
Steering Wheel ............................................................... 9
Electrical Output Components ........................................... 14
Location of Hydraulic Components ...................................... 9
Electrical Schematic........................................................... 15
Electronic Control Module .................................................. 13 M
G Metering Pump (Steering)
Hold .............................................................................. 39
General Information ............................................................. 4
Left Turn ....................................................................... 41
Circle Steer..................................................................... 4
Right Turn ..................................................................... 40
Crab Steer ...................................................................... 4
Metering Pump (Steering) .................................................. 37
Machines With Self-Aligning Steering............................. 5
Manually Aligned Rear Wheels....................................... 5 P
Steering Arrangement..................................................... 4 Piston Pump (Implement and Steering)
Two-wheel Steer............................................................. 4 Compensator Valve ...................................................... 30
General Information Table ................................................. 60 Constant Flow ............................................................... 33
Graphic Color Codes............................................................ 3 Destroke ....................................................................... 34
H High Pressure Stall ....................................................... 36
Low Pressure Standby.................................................. 31
Hydraulic Oil Contamination -Test
Piston Pump ................................................................. 29
Flushing the Sampling Valve ........................................ 45
Upstroke ....................................................................... 32
Hydraulic Oil Contamination ......................................... 45
Piston Pump (Implement and Steering) ............................. 29
Obtaining the Sample ................................................... 45
Position Sensor (Steering) ................................................. 42
Hydraulic Oil Contamination -Test ..................................... 45
Position Sensor (Steering) -Adjust
Hydraulic Schematic (Steering System)............................. 28
Position Sensor............................................................. 55
I Position Sensor (Steering) -Adjust ..................................... 55
Important Safety Information.................................................ii Pump Flow - Test
Inlet Manifold Pump Flow .................................................................... 46
Check Valve.................................................................. 16 Test On The Machine ................................................... 46
Flow Control Valve Pump Flow - Test ............................................................... 46
(Dump valve for the load sensing oil) ........................... 16
S
Relief Valve (Load sensing oil) ..................................... 16
Screens (75 and 100 Micron) ....................................... 16 Solenoid Valve (Steering Mode Selector)
Steering Activated......................................................... 18 Solenoid Valve.............................................................. 37
Steering Not Activated.................................................. 17 Solenoid Valve (Steering Mode Selector) - Test
Steering Priority Valve .................................................. 15 The Solenoid’s for the Steering Modes......................... 54
Inlet Manifold...................................................................... 15 Solenoid Valve (Steering Mode Selector) - Test ................ 54
Introduction .......................................................................... 6 Solenoid Valve (Steering Mode Selector) .......................... 37
62 31200273
Index
Steering System
Left Turn in Circle Steer Mode...................................... 24
Left Turn in Crab Steer Mode ....................................... 26
Right Turn in Two-Wheel Steer Mode .......................... 22
Steering Control System............................................... 19
Steering in Neutral ........................................................ 20
Steering System - Purge
Purging the Steering System ........................................ 54
Steering System - Purge .................................................... 54
Steering System Pressures -Test and Adjust .................... 47
Margin Pressure Adjustment ........................................ 50
Margin Pressure Test ................................................... 49
Steering Pressure Adjustment ...................................... 48
Steering Pressure Test ................................................. 48
Steering System Pressure Tests and Adjustments ...... 47
Test for the Relief Valve (Load Sensing Oil)................. 50
Steering System................................................................. 19
Systems Operation Section.................................................. 3
T
Table of Contents................................................................. 1
Testing and Adjusting Section............................................ 45
W
Wheel Alignment - Check and Adjust
Adjusting the Steering Angle ........................................ 59
Adjusting the Wheel Alignment..................................... 58
Checking the Wheel Alignment With Wheels In Place . 58
Wheel Alignment - Check and Adjust................................. 57
Manufactured by JLG under license from Caterpillar