INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT) ISSN No.

2394-9007
Vol. V, No. III, June 2018 www.ijrtonline.org

Physical & Mechanical Properties Analysis of Rich

Husk + Hypo Sludge Bricks
Shubham Rahangdale, Manish Dubey

Abstract— Bricks is the most important part of structure and it
need 10-15% cost of total structure. It’s also the oldest
construction material used all around the world. There are
different types of bricks used according to the material used for
their making for example conventional clay bricks, fly ash bricks,
rice husk ash bricks, coal dust bricks and AAC or CLC bricks.
All of the above bricks conventional clay bricks are most widely
used bricks but now a day environmental pollution, safe and
economic construction is major concert and the conventional clay
bricks need large energy during their manufacturing which is the
main region environmental pollution as well as they are also
became costly. Now waste material is used as a construction
material to replace the conventional material. In this research
work hypo sludge and rice husk ash is used as alternative for the
manufacturing bricks. Various percentage of hypo sludge and
rice hush ash is used for making the bricks and for the analysis of
mechanical and physical properties various test is perform like
compressive strength test, IRA test, water absorption test,
dimension analysis and hardness test.
Keywords: Hypo Sludge, Rice Husk Ash, Compressive Strength,
IRA, Water Absorption test.
I. INTRODUCTION
Bricks are the oldest and mostly used construction material
used in building as wall, partition and separation and in road
construction it’s used as pavement material and footpath and
some time bricks also used in retaining structure. Based on the
material used for bricks manufacturing bricks can be classified
into conventional clay bricks, fly ash bricks, cement concrete
bricks, AAC (aerated autoclave cellular) bricks, CLC (cellular
light weight concrete) bricks, etc. similarly according to the
strength point of view bricks can be classified as first class
bricks, second class bricks and third class bricks. All the
above example most common and widely used bricks are
conventional clay bricks which are also known as burnt bricks.
Now a day’s environmental pollution become a major
concert because of emission of pollutant like CO2, SO2, NO2
NO3 CH4 or other oxides adversely affects the surrounding
and living organism.
Global warming, draught, acid rain, flood and other
environmental happen due to the emission of such gases or
pollutant which is increase with the industrial development.
Due to industrial developments solid waste is also become a
major problem to the environment and some industrial waste
like fly ash, rice husk ash, silica sludge, glass dust etc are used
as a construction material. Several researches show that
industrial waste products can be used as alternative
construction material. Hypo sludge is a waste product come
from the paper industry. Both paper making and paper
recycling produce the hypo sludge and it contain large amount
of calcium that’s why its acts as a cementing material. In other
hand rice husk ash is a agriculture waste material obtain from
the burning of rice husk. It is contain high amount of silica
which can be used as strain gaining material.
II. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL
A. Rice Husk Ash (RHA):
Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is an agricultural waste product which
is produced in large quantities every year around the world
and due to the difficulty involved in its disposal, RHA
becoming an environmental hazard in rice producing
countries. Production of rice paddy is associated with the
production of essentially two by products, rice husk and rice
bran. For every 1000 kg of paddy milled, about 220 kg (22%)
of husk is produced. This rice husk is mostly used as a fuel in
the boilers for processing paddy. When this husk is burnt in
the boilers, about 55 kg (25%) of RHA is generated. So its
show in every rice industry huge amount of rice husk is
producing which proper disposal.

Manuscript received on May, 2018.

Shubham Rahangdale, Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering,
Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India.
Prof. Manish Dubey, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Oriental
Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India. Fig. 1: Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

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The chemical analysis show that rice husk ash having large
quantity of silica which is become strengthen material in
bricks and also become replacement of sand or stone dust.
TABLE I: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK ASH
S. No. Oxide Composition Mass (in %)
1 SiO2 80-90
2 Ai2O3 0.25-0.75
3 Fe2O3 0.50-0.75
4 CaO 0.50-0.75
5 MgO 0.25-0.50
Fig. 2: Hypo Sludge
6 Na2O3 0.10-0.25
C. Cement:
7 K2O 1-3 Ordinary Portland cement grade 53 is used in this research
TABLE II: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK ASH
work in small quantity as a binding material and other part of
binding material covered by the hypo sludge.
S. No. Particulars Properties D. Send:
Sand is used in 10%, 20% and 30% ratio in this research work.
1 Color Gray
E. Water:
Water is an important ingredient of cement as it actually
2 Shape Irregular
participates in the chemical reaction with cement. Since it
helps to from the strength cement gel, the quantity and quality
3 Particle Size < 45 micron
of water are required to be looked into very carefully.
4 Specific gravity 2.11 III. DESIGN MIXED
5 Appearance fine The mix proportion by using RHA is given in Table IV.
TABLE IV: DESIGN MIXED FOR RHA + HYPO SLUDGE
6
LOI (Loss of Ignition) 3-8 Hypo-Sludge (%) Rice Husk Ash
Aggregate
Cement Partial Replace Partial Replace
B. Hypo Sludge: (sand)
Cement Aggregate
The hypo sludge is a waste material obtained from paper
industry during the manufacturing and recycling the paper. 70%
Since paper is not recyclable for a long time, due to the 1 6 40% 80%
damage and braking of paper fibers. The disposal of hypo 90%
sludge poses a potential threat to environment and amount of
70%
hypo sludge is increasing with increasing the number of
recycling. Hypo sludge contains certain chemicals like 1 6 45% 80%
calcium oxide (CaO), silica and magnesia which are observed 90%
to have cementitious properties; hence, hypo sludge is useful 70%
for partially replacing cement in concrete of other binding
1 6 50% 80%
material. Properties of hypo sludge are following:
TABLE II: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYPO SLUDGE 90%
S. No. Chemical Compound Percentage (%)
IV. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
1 Calcium oxide (CaO) 45-55
The evaluation of RHA for use as a replacement of sand
2 Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) 3-10 (aggregate) material and Hypo Sludge as a replacement of
3 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 5-15 cement in begins with the bricks testing. In this research 40%,
45% and 50% of the cement is replaced with Hypo Sludge and
4 Sulphur Trioxide 0.1-0.3
70%, 80% and 90% RHA as a replacement of sand samples
5 Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) 0.05-0.2 were cast on the mould of size 200mm×100mm×100mm for
6 Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) 0.5-1.0 each bricks mix with partial replacement of cement with a w/c
ratio of 0.45. After about 24 hr the specimens were de-molded
7 Loss of Ignition (LOI) 35-45 and water curing was continued till the respective specimens

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were tested after 7, 14 and 28 days for compressive strength
test strength test.
A. Compressive Strength:
Compressive strength tests were performed on compression
testing machine using bricks samples. Three samples per batch
were tested with the average strength values reported in this
paper.

Fig. 4: 28 Days Compressive Strength

B. Initial rate of absorption test (IRA):
Initial Rate of Absorption test conducted for 2 numbers of
Fig. 3: Compressive Strength
bricks of each Composition bricks sample and the result is
shown in table VI.
TABLE V: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES OF DIFFERENT TABLE VI: IRA BY VARIOUS RHA AND HS COMPACTS
RHA HYPO SLUDGE MIX FOR 28 DAYS SAMPLE
Sampl Weight (gm.) Initial Average
S. Sample Compressive Average Compressive
No. strength (MPa) Strength (MPa) e Rate of Initial Rate of
28 days (28 days sample) Dry Wet Absorpti Absorption
1. S1 11.05 11.97 (M1) (M2) on Value
11.90 (Kg/m2/min)
11.95
S1 2.315 2.395 4.00 4.18
2. S2 10.80 10.72
10.65 2.312 2.395 4.36
10.70 S2 2.299 2.384 4.25 4.39
3. S3 9.75 9.70
9.65 2.295 2.381 4.53
9.70 S3 2.295 2.385 4.50 4.45
4. S4 12.50 12.57 2.291 2.379 4.40
12.80
12.40 S4 2.286 2.371 4.25 4.275
5. S5 11.70 11.60 2.283 2.367 4.30
11.50 S5 2.276 2.366 4.50 4.6
11.60
6. S6 9.10 9.03
2.278 2.367 4.70
9.00 S6 2.270 2.363 4.65 4.825
9.00 2.270 2.365 5.00
7. S7 10.75 10.63 S7 2.266 2.363 4.80 4.775
10.60
2.261 2.356 4.75
10.55
8. S8 9.15 9.07 S8 2.251 2.350 4.95 4.975
9.05 2.254 2.354 5.00
9.00 S9 2.244 2.347 5.15 5.2
9. S9 8.05 8.01 2.239 2.444 5.25
8.00
8.00

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2.283 2.543 11.38
S5 2.275 2.565 12.74 12.68
2.274 2.561 12.62
S6 2.270 2.591 14.14 14.07
2.270 2.588 14.00
S7 2.265 2.572 13.55 13.60
2.261 2.570 13.66
S8 2.251 2.580 14.62 14.70
2.254 2.587 14.77
S9 2.244 2.609 16.26 16.48

Fig. 5: IRA Test Results

C. Water Absorption Test:
Table VII shows the amount of water absorbed corresponding
to different Rice Husk Ash and Hypo-Sludge composition.
The water absorption values of Rice Husk Ash and Hypo-
Sludge composites lies in the range of 9.93% to 16.48%.

Fig.7: Water Absorption Test Results

D. Dimension Analysis:
First, separate bricks were measured for their length, width,
and height. Then based on Clause 5.2.1, IS 12894:2002 the
bricks were placed in contact with each other in a straight line
upon a level surface.
Fig. 6: Water Absorption Test
TABLE VII: WATER ABSORPTION BY VARIOUS RHA AND HS
COMPACTS

Mix Weight (gm.) Water Average

Composition Absorptio Water
n (%) Absorption
(Wt. %) Dry Wet Value (%)

S1 2.315 2.543 9.84 9.93

2.312 2.544 10.03
S2 2.299 2.555 11.13 11.32
2.295 2.559 11.50
S3 2.290 2.580 12.66 12.72
2.291 2.584 12.78
S4 2.286 2.552 11.63 11.50 Fig. 8: Dimension Analysis

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TABLE VIII: DIMENSION ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS RHA AND HS
COMPACTS
Mix Composition Average Value of dimensions
(Wt. %) (Centimeter)

Length Width Height

S1 20.15 9.90 10.00

S2 19.95 10.00 10.00

S3 20.05 10.00 10.00

Fig. 9: Hardness Test
S4 20.00 10.00 10.00 V. CONCLUSION
1. The use of rice husk ash shows a perfect replacement of
S5 20.05 9.95 10.00 fly ash in cement-fly ash brick similarly hypo-sludge can
use as a partial replacement of cement.
S6 19.95 10.05 10.00 2. The gradual increase in rice husk ash was seen in the
compressive strength of bricks with 70% to 90% will
decrease but still, the strength of bricks is in the range of
S7 19.9 10.05 10.10
as per IS standers.
3. Both the material rice husk ash and hypo sludge having
S8 19.85 10.15 9.90 high water absorption properties that’s why super latex is
used as 0.1% to reduce the amount of water absorption in
S9 20.00 10.05 9.95 bricks and it help to control both initial rate of absorption
as well as water absorption in all bricks.
4. Result show bricks dimension are in under the IS
E. Hardness Test: specification and they have smooth and cleaned surface.
Hardness test for all the Rice Husk Ash and Hypo-Sludge 5. These bricks are cheaper than the clay bricks and fly ash
bricks should be done with the help of steel knife. The result is brick so they can become replacement for them.
collected by the observation only.
TABLE IX: HARDNESS ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS RHA AND HS REFERENCES
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S. No Samples Observations
[2] A. Kulkarni, S. Raje, and M. Rajgor, “Bagasse Ash as an Effective
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[3] Prof.S.S.Razvi, “Partially Replacement of Clay by S.T.P. Sludge in
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6. S6 Little Impression on surface
[5] S. S. Jahagirdar, S. Shrihari, and B. Manu, “Utilization of Textile Mill
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[6] M. Scinduja, S. Nathiya, C. V Shudesamithronn, M. H. Balaji, T.
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Sarathivelan, and S. Jaya, “Innovative Brick Material,” no. 1, pp. 49–61,
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[7] G. K. R. R and S. G. Patil, “Structural Performance of Concrete by
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[8] R.K. Arya and R. Kansal, "Utilization of Waste Papers to Produce Eco-
friendly Bricks," vol. 5, Issue 8, pp. 92-96, 2016.

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