Mnemonic TOP

Sigmund Freud neurobiologist (psycho analysis/psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory) 1856-1939

Conscious- Everything you are aware of at a given moment including thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories

Unconscious- part of the mind that is rarely accessible to awareness but has personal influence In behavior. E.g
emotions and repressed memories.

2 sources of unconscious processes *repression * phylogenetic endowment

pre conscious- Material that can easily be brought into awareness

• Psyche: Freud’s term for the personality; contains id, ego, and superego

• Id: composed of the basic biological drives, such as hunger, thirst, sexual impulses, survival

– Pleasure principal- demands immediate gratification

• Superego (conscience): values, morals, religious beliefs, ideals of parents and society

• EGO= the reality principle

– Develops after first year of life

• Id and Superego in conflict

– Creates anxiety

• Ego encourages id to seek gratification through realistic and socially acceptable means

– Ego creates defense mechanisms, which distorts id’s impulses into socially acceptable forms

Psychoanalytic Defense mechanism (way of dealing with conflict)

Repression- push unacceptable impulses and thoughts to the unconscious mind & out of awareness.

E.g after a traumatic experience.

*take note repression vs. oppression and suppression

Rationalization- when the ego provide as good reason for behavior which may not be the actual truth behind the
behavior. E.g. try to reason out why we do things such as stealing or failing.

Projection- when we fail to accept our own shortcomings *how about introjection?

Reaction formation- we transform unacceptable impulses by giving expression to its opposite.

e.g a closeted homosexual becomes homophobic.

5 stages of psychosexual development (OAPLG)

Oral (Birth to 1 yr) Mouth and lips are the center of pleasure. E.g. chewing sucking eating

Oral fixation in adults: talking, gossiping, overeating, alcoholism, excessive dependence on others.

Anal (1 yr to 3 yrs) sexual energies are focused on the anus. Anal activities (expulsion and retention of bowels

Anal fixated adult personality (anal-retentive) *symbolically withhold feces (being controlling, highly organized,

Stubborn, concerned with cleanliness, order, more details) *expel feces* (sloppy, disorganized, and impulsive)

Phallic (3-6 yrs) pleasure are the genitals.* for boys: Oedipus complex, Castration anxiety. *for girls Penis envy,
Electra complex

Latency (6 to 12 yrs) child focuses on developing social;, intellectual and moral skills (education, peer, school)

Conflicts in the previous stages are repressed. Temporary repression of the libido (sexual drives and instincts)

Genital (11 yrs to adulthood) sexual urges are awaken. Person begins to seek relationships to satisfy needs.
Carl Jung (Analytical/.depth psychology) born in kesswil,Switzerland (1875-1961)

Aim at achieving between opposing forces

Emphasize Greater role of the unconscious

*levels of Psyche

https://openload.co/f/QwNFu--HRLk/Naked.Attraction.S01E05.1080p.HDTV.h264-C4TV.mkv.mp4#

*Conscious: psychic images sensed by ego

*Personal unconscious: part of the mind that is rarely accessible to awareness. Personal reservoir of experience
unique to each individual. Jung (1933) outlined an important feature of the personal unconscious called complexes.
A complex is a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes and memories that focus on a single concept.

*Collective unconscious: The impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind. Shared by all the humans. Collects
and organizes personal experience in a similar way with each of particular species.

Archetypes (expressed by our collective unconscious) people’s perceptions and experiences

Persona: mask. It is the outward face we present to the world. It conceals our real self and Jung describes it as the
“conformity” archetype

Anima: woman, feminine, passive, compassionate

Animus: man, masculine, assertive, dominant

Mandala/ self- represents who we are, our individuality. Self realzation

Great mother

Wise old man- humans’ pre existing knowledge of the mysteries of life

Hero

Shadow (darker self) evil and immoral. Attempt to hide from ourselves and others.

Psychological types

Attitudes : predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.

Introversion- turning inward of psychic energy toward the subjective

Extraversion- turning outward o psyching energy toward the objective

Take note:

Thinking: logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas.

Extraverted thinking: rely heavily on concrete thoughts, but may also use abstract ideas. use from without
Mathematicians, teachers, engineers and accountants.

Introverted thinking: react to external stimuli. They bring their interpretation with them than by the objective facts
themselves. Inventors, philosophers

Feeling: the process of evaluating an idea or event. Take note *sensing – this surface feels smooth. *intuiting- j
have a feeling that this will be my lucky day
Extraverted feeling: people use objective data to make evaluations. Ate ease in social situations, sociable. Unlikely
to conform to social standards. Shallow and unreliable. Business people, politicians. These professions demand and
reward the making of value judgments based on objective information.

Introverted feeling: people based their value judgment primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective
facts.

Stages of development

Childhood. *substages

Anarchic: characterized by chaotic and sporadic conciseness. Islands of consciousness. Incapable of being
accurately verbalized

Monarchi: characterized by the ego and beginning of logical and verbal thinking

dualistic . ego is divided into the objective and subjective. Children see themselves as first person and are aware of
their existence a separate individuals.

Youth (puberty- middle life) young people strive to gain psychic and physical independence from their parents.
Find a mate, raise a family, and make a place in this world. * conservative principle is the desire to live in the past

Middle life (35-45) period if tremendous potential

Old Age: death is the goal of life

Erik Erickson (Psychosocial theory)

Ego identity: conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction

Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each
previous stage. This is called the epigenic principle.
Karen horney