Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
12
CIRCUITOS TRIFÁSICOS
Aquele que não consegue perdoar os outros interrompe o seu próprio caminho.
G. Herbert
Progresso profissional
Critérios ABET EC 2000 (3.e), “habilidade em identificar, formular e solucionar
problemas de engenharia”.
445
#SAMBARILOVE
446 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
12.1 Introdução
B$>*,*-,-"#$,)*#"0$"*$"H$,)*$('$'-,0*!"*& (&. $,0*-,#,+=0 &,04*G-*0 0$"-'*!"*
"#"(6 '*NB*-,#,+=0 &,*>*+,(-'!,*1,(*.-*6"('!,(*&,#"&$'!,*1,(*-" ,*!"*.-*1'(*
!"* %,0* O/ #7'* !"* $('#0- 00?,P* '* .-'* &'(6'4*B* M 6.('* QR4Qa representa um
0 0$"-'*2 %/'(*-,#,+=0 &,)*"-*9."*Vp é a magnitude da tensão da fonte e f é a
+'0"4*S*9."*$"-,0*!"*-,!,*6"('/)*#'*1(=$ &')*>*.-*0 0$"-'*$( %/'(*&,-,*,*-,0-
$('!,*#'*M 6.('*QR4Qb)*9."*&,#$>-*!.'0*+,#$"0* !:#$ &'0*O-"0-'*-'6# $.!"*"*
Nota histórica: Thomas Edison +'0"P*9."*0?,*&,#"&$'!'0*'*!.'0*&'(6'0*1,(*!, 0*%,0*-' 0*"H$"(#,0*"*,*#".$(,4*
inventou um sistema trifilar, usando D,(*"H"-1/,)*,*0 0$"-'*!,->0$ &,*&,-.-*.0'*"00"*0 0$"-')*1, 0*'0*$"#0T"0*#,0*
três fios em vez de quatro. $"(- #' 0*$:-*'*-"0-'*-'6# $.!"*"*'*-"0-'*+'0"4*G-*0 0$"-'*!"0$"0*1"(- $"*
'*&,#"H?,*$'#$,*!"*'1'("/7,0*1'('*QRU*L*&,-,*1'('*RVU*L4
a A
Vp f + ZL1
n N
Vp f + ZL Vp f + ZL2
b B
(a) (b)
Figura 12.1 J 0$"-'0*-,#,+=0 &,0W*OaP*$ 1,*2 %/'(X*ObP*$ 1,*$( %/'(4
Saída b
c
trifásica
b N a! Estator
c
Rotor
a S b
c!
Van(t) Vbn(t) Vcn(t) #!.[ !'0* #'0* 2,2 #'0* 0?,* 6.' 0* "-* -'6# $.!")* 1,(>-* !"+'0'!'0* 1,(* QRU^*
OM 6.('*QR4eP4*G-'*3"[*9."*&'!'*2,2 #'*1,!"*0"(*&,#0 !"('!'*"/'*1(C1( '*.-*
6"('!,(*-,#,+=0 &,)*,*6"('!,(*$( +=0 &,*>*&'1'[*!"*+,(#"&"(*"#"(6 '*$'#$,*1'('*
0
&'(6'0*-,#,+=0 &'0*9.'#$,*$( +=0 &'04
120 240 vt
G-*0 0$"-'*$( +=0 &,*$;1 &,*>*+,(-'!,*1,(*$(:0*+,#$"0*!"*$"#0?,*&,#"&$'-
!'0*'*&'(6'0*1,(*$(:0*,.*9.'$(,*%,0*O,.*/ #7'0*!"*$('#0- 00?,P4*OB0*+,#$"0*!"*
&,(("#$"* $( +=0 &'0* 0?,* 1,.&,* &,-.#04P* G-* 0 0$"-'* $( +=0 &,* "9. 3'/"* '* $(:0*
Figura 12.5 !"#$%!&$!"'$()*)!"!$" & (&. $,0*-,#,+=0 &,04*B0* +,#$"0*!"*$"#0?,*1,!"-*0"(* #$"(/ 6'!'0*"-*$( k#-
$%+,%#()-").)!#)*)!")"/012"$%#($"!34 6./,)*&,-,* #! &'!,*#'*M 6.('*QR4`a)*,.*"#$?,*"-*"0$("/')*&,-,* #! &'!,*#'*
M 6.('*QR4`b.
a a
+ Van
n Vca + + Vab
Vcn + + Vbn
b + b
Vbc
c c
(a) (b)
D,(* "#9.'#$,)* &,#0 !"("-,0* '0* $"#0T"0* / 6'!'0* "-* $( k#6./,* !'* M 6.('*
QR4`a4*B0*$"#0T"0*Van)*Vbn e Vcn)*&7'-'!'0*tensões de fase)*0?,)*("01"&$ 3'-
-"#$")*'9."/'0*"#$("*'0*/ #7'0*a)*b e c e o neutro n. Se as fontes de tensão tive-
("-*'*-"0-'*'-1/ $.!"*"*+("9.:#& '*v*"*"0$ 3"("-*!"+'0'!'0*1,(*QRU^)*! [F0"*
Vcn
9."*'0*$"#0T"0*"0$?,*equilibradas4*l00,* -1/ &'
v
Van Vbn Vcn 0 (12.1)
120
0 Van 0 0Vbn 0 0Vcn 0 (12.2)
120
Van D,($'#$,)
!120
120 Van Vp 0
120 Vbn Vp 120 (12.3)
Van
!120 Vcn Vp 240 Vp 120
"!$678%+3)"*$".)!$!"@"*$#$(-3%)*)"<$J)",(*$-"%)"67)J",!".)!,($!"<)!!)-"<,("
determinado ponto no diagrama de fases. Lembrete: À medida que o
P)"E3'7()"/04QaB"+,%.,(-$",!".)!,($!"'3()-"%,"!$%#3*,")%#3GH,(D(3,"+,-" tempo aumenta, cada fasor gira
em uma velocidade angular v.
.($678%+3)"vB"<)!!)-"<$J,"$3N,"H,(3C,%#)J"$-"7-)"!$678%+3)"abcabca... Por-
#)%#,B")"!$678%+3)"@"abc ou bca ou cab4"R$"-,*,"!3-3J)(B"<)()",!".)!,($!"*)"
E3'7()"/04QbB"S"-$*3*)"67$"$J$!".,($-"'3()%*,"%,"!$%#3*,")%#3GH,(D(3,B"<)!!)-"
,"$3N,"H,(3C,%#)J"$-"7-)"!$678%+3)"acbacba444"?!!,"*$!+($=$")"!$678%+3)"acb.
K!!)"!$678%+3)"*$".)!$!"@"3-<,(#)%#$"$-"!3!#$-)!"*$"*3!#(3T73LO,"*$"$%$('3)"
#(3.D!3+,!B"<,(67$"*$#$(-3%)B"<,("$N$-<J,B","!$%#3*,"*)"(,#)LO,"*$"7-"-,#,("
J3')*,")"7-)".,%#$"*$"$%$('3)"$J@#(3+)4
!!3-"+,-,"%)!"J3')L&$!"*,"'$()*,(B"7-)"+)(')"#(3.D!3+)"<,*$"!$("+,%$+-
#)*)"$-"$!#($J)",7"#(3U%'7J,B"*$<$%*$%*,"*)")<J3+)LO,"V%)J4" "E3'7()"/04Wa a
-,!#()"7-)"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)B"$")"E3'7()"/04WbB"7-)"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"
b
$-"#(3U%'7J,4" "J3%H)"%$7#()"%)"E3'7()"/04Wa"<,*$",7"%O,"$!#)("JDB"*$<$%*$%*," Z2
!$","!3!#$-)".,("67)*(3VJ)(",7"#(3VJ)(4":KB",T=3)-$%#$B"7-)"+,%$NO,"%$7#()"@"
n Z1
#,<,J,'3+)-$%#$"3-<,!!X=$J"<)()"7-)"+,%$NO,"$-"#(3U%'7J,4;"R3CG!$"67$"7-)"
+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)",7"$-"#(3U%'7J,"$!#D"desequilibrada"!$")!"3-<$*U%-
Z3
+3)!"<,(".)!$"%O,".,($-"3'7)3!"$-"-)'%3#7*$",7".)!$4
c
Uma carga equilibrada é aquela no qual as impedâncias por fase são iguais (a)
em magnitude e fase.
a
A)()"7-)"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)"equilibradaB Zc Zb
(12.6) b
Za
onde ZY"@")"3-<$*U%+3)"*$"+)(')"<,(".)!$4"A)()"7-)"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)"
$673J3T()*)B c
(b)
(12.7)
Figura 12.8 R7)!"+,%V'7()L&$!"
onde Z¢"@B"%$!!$"+)!,B")"3-<$*U%+3)"*$"+)(')"<,(".)!$4"Y,J#)%*,"S"K67)LO," <,!!X=$3!"<)()"+)(')!"#(3.D!3+)!9"
:Z4[Z;B"#$-,! :a;"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)>"
:b;"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"#(3U%'7J,4
#SAMBARILOVE
450 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
EXEMPLO 12.1
R$#$(-3%$")"!$678%+3)"*$".)!$!"*,"+,%^7%#,"*$"#$%!&$!
van 200 cos( t 10 )
vbn 200 cos( t 230 ), vcn 200 cos( t 110 )
Solução: !"#$%!&$!"<,*$-"!$("$N<($!!)!"%)".,(-)".)!,(3)J"+,-,
Van 200 10 V, Vbn 200 230 V, Vcn 200 110 V
\,%!3*$($-,!","!3!#$-)"$!#($J)G$!#($J)"67)*(3VJ)("$673J3T()*,"*)"E3'7()"
/04ZB"$-"67$"7-)"+)(')"+,%$+#)*)"$-"$!#($J)"@"+,%$+#)*)")"7-)".,%#$"+,%$+-
#)*)"$-"$!#($J)4"57<,-,!"7-)"+)(')"$673J3T()*)"*$"-,*,"67$")!"3-<$*U%+3)!"
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 451
*$"+)(')"!$^)-"3'7)3!4"K-T,()")"3-<$*U%+3)"ZY"!$^)")"3-<$*U%+3)"*$"+)(')"
#,#)J"<,(".)!$B"$J)"#)-T@-"<,*$"!$("+,%!3*$()*)")"!,-)"*)"3-<$*U%+3)"*)".,%#$"
ZsB")"3-<$*U%+3)"*)"J3%H)"Z/"$")"3-<$*U%+3)"*$"+)(')"ZL"<,(".)!$B"^D"67$"$!!)!"
3-<$*U%+3)!"$!#O,"$-"!@(3$4"\,-,"3J7!#()*,"%)"E3'7()"/04ZB"Zs representa
)"3-<$*U%+3)"3%#$(%)"*,"$%(,J)-$%#,"*$".)!$"*,"'$()*,(>"Z/ @")"3-<$*U%+3)"*)"
J3%H)"67$"+,%$+#)")".)!$"*)".,%#$"+,-")".)!$"*)"+)(')>"ZL"@")"3-<$*U%+3)"*$"+)*)"
.)!$"*)"+)(')>"$"Zn"@")"3-<$*U%+3)"*)"J3%H)"%$7#()4"A,(#)%#,B"'$()J-$%#$
(12.9)
Zl
a A
Zs
ZL
Van + Zn
n N
Vcn + + Vbn
ZL ZL
Zs Zs Ia
C B a A
c b
Van + In ZY
Zl
n N
Zl
Vcn Vbn ZY ZY
Figura 12.9 !"#$#%&!'"&#%(&)'*&#%(&)'"&+,$)$-('./" + +
!/#%('0./"'#"$!1&.203$'#".'"4/0%&5".'")$06'"&".'#"3'(7'#8 c Ib
C B
Zs e Z/"0/(!')!&0%&"#9/"!,$%/"1&+,&0'#"+,'0./"3/!1'('.'#"'"ZL5".&"!/./" Ic b
+,&"#&"1/##'"#,1/("ZY = ZL"3'#/"09/"#&:'!"4/(0&3$.'#"'#"$!1&.203$'#".'")$-
06'"/,".'"4/0%&8";&"+,')+,&("4/(!'5"'7(,1'0./*#&"'#"$!1&.203$'#5"/"#$#%&!'" Figura 12.10 Conexão estrela-estrela
&#%(&)'*&#%(&)'".'"<$7,('"=>8?"1/.&"#&("#$!1)$@3'./"1'('"'+,&)&"!/#%('./"0'" &+,$)$-('.'8
<$7,('"=>8=A8
B,1/0./*#&" '" #&+,C03$'" 1/#$%$D'5" '#" %&0#E&#" .&" fase" F/," %&0#E&#" )$06'-
*0&,%(/G"#9/
Van Vp 0
(12.10)
Vbn Vp 120 , Vcn Vp 120
Vp a1
13
b
1 (12.11a)
j 13Vp 30
2 2
;&"4/(!'"#&!&)6'0%&5"1/.&!/#"/-%&(
I/(%'0%/5" '" !'70$%,.&" .'#" %&0#E&#" .&" )$06'" VL é 13 vezes a magnitude das
%&0#E&#".&"4'#&"Vp ou
#SAMBARILOVE
452 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
VL 13Vp (12.12)
onde
(12.13)
e
(12.14)
(12.16)
Vbc
.&"!/./"+,&
(b)
Van (12.18)
Ia
ZY
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 453
A partir de Ia !"#$%&#!$!#'(")*+,$!-'!.$#'#!/$0$!&12'0!&"20$#!+&00'*2'#!-'!3,*4$5!
6&02$*2& !-'#-'!("'!&!#,#2'%$!'#2'7$!'(",3,10$-& !/0'+,#$%&#!$/'*$#!$*$3,#$0!
"%$! .$#'5! 6&-'08$%&#! .$9'0! ,##&! %'#%&! #'! $! 3,*4$! *'"20$! '#2,:'##'! $"#'*2' !
+&%&!*&!#,#2'%$!20,;3$05
EXEMPLO 12.2
<$3+"3'!$#!+&00'*2'#!-'!3,*4$!*'##'!#,#2'%$!'#20'3$='#20'3$!20,;3$0!-$!>,?"0$!@A5@B5
5 – j2 ! A
a
+ 110 0"#V
10 + j8 !
10 + j8 !
5 – j2 ! C
Solução: F!+,0+",2&!20,.G#,+&!-$!>,?"0$!@A5@B!H!'(",3,10$-&I!/&-'08$%&#!#"1#2,2"8=3&!
/&0!#'"!+,0+",2&!%&*&.G#,+&!'(",:$3'*2'!+&%&!$("'3'!-$!>,?"0$!@A5@A5!F12'%&#!Ia da
$*G3,#'!%&*&.G#,+$ !+&%&!#'?"'
Van
Ia
ZY
110 0
por isso, Ia 6,81 21,8 A
16,155 21,8
SG!("'!$#!2'*#T'#!-$!.&*2'!*$!>,?"0$!@A5@B!'#2U&!*$!#'(")*+,$!/&#,2,:$ !$#!+&00'*2'#!-'!
3,*4$!2$%1H%!'#2U&!*$!#'(")*+,$!/&#,2,:$V
Ib Ia 120 6,81 141,8 A
Ic Ia 240 6,81 261,8 A 6,81 98,2 A
W%! ?'0$-&0! 20,.G#,+&! +&*'+2$-&!'%! '#20'3$! '(",3,10$-&!+&%! ,%/'-X*+,$! /&0! .$#'! P Y! PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.2
O!jP B!V!H!+&*'+2$-&!$!"%$!+$0?$!'%!'#20'3$!'(",3,10$-$!+&%!,%/'-X*+,$!AY!O!j@Z!V
/&0!.$#'5![!3,*4$!("'!+&*'+2$!&!?'0$-&0!'!$!+$0?$!2'%!,%/'-X*+,$!P R!O!jP \!V por fase.
C"/&*-&!"%$!#'(")*+,$!/&#,2,:$!/$0$!$#!2'*#T'#!-'!.&*2'!'!("'!Van!J!@AP 30 !] !-'2'0-
%,*'V!K$N!$#!2'*#T'#!-'!3,*4$I!K1N!$#!+&00'*2'#!-'!3,*4$5
Resposta: (a) 207,8 60 V, 207,8 60 V, 207,8 180 V;
(b) 3,75 8,66 A, 3,75 128,66 A, 3,75 111,34 A.
<&%&!:,%&#!*$!C'_U&!@A5B !$#!2'*#T'#!-'!3,*4$!#U&
%$*-&!("'!$#!2'*#T'#!-'!3,*4$!#U&!,?"$,#!`#!2'*#T'#!*$#!,%/'-X*+,$#!-'!+$0?$!
/$0$! '##$! +&*;?"0$_U&! -&! #,#2'%$5![! /$02,0! -'##$#! 2'*#T'# ! /&-'%&#! &12'0! $#!
+&00'*2'#!-'!.$#' !+&%&!#'?"'
(12.21)
Van +
n A
I AB
Z!
Vcn + + Vbn
Z! ICA
Ib Z!
b B
c C
Ic I BC
F"20$!%$*',0$!-'!#'!&12'0!'##$#!+&00'*2'#!-'!.$#'!H!$/3,+$0!$!bcd5![/3,+$*-
-& !/&0!'E'%/3& !$!bcd!*$!%$34$!aABbna !2'%&#
ou
(12.22)
("'!H!&!%'#%&!("'!$!D("$_U&!K@A5A@N5!D#2$!H!$!.&0%$!%$,#!?'*H0,+$!-'!'*+&*-
20$0!+&00'*2'#!-'!.$#'5
[#!+&00'*2'#!-'!3,*4$!#U&!&12,-$#!-$#!+&00'*2'#!-$!.$#'!$/3,+$*-&!$!bc<!
$&#!*e#!A !B e C5!6&02$*2&
(12.23)
SG!("'!ICA = IABl 240
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 455
Ic
IL 13Ip (12.25)
onde I CA 30
(12.26)
I AB
e
30
(12.27) 30 Ia
Ib I BC
3()"!%"()2#'"(4)(%).#''!$&!%) !)/-$0()!%&5#)(&'(%( (%)!")'!/(65#)7%).#''!$&!%)
!)2(%!) !)89:4)%+;#$ #)+"()%!*+<$.-();#%-&-=(>)?)@-,+'()AB>AC)1)+") -(,'("() Figura 12.15 Diagrama fasorial
2(%#'-(/)-/+%&'($ #)()'!/(65#)!$&'!)(%).#''!$&!%) !)/-$0()!) !)2(%!> -/+%&'($ #)()'!/(65#)!$&'!).#''!$&!%) !)
D"()"($!-'()(/&!'$(&-=() !)($(/-%(')#).-'.+-&#)!%&'!/(E&'-F$,+/#)1)&'($%2#'- fase e de linha.
"(')().(',().#$!.&( ()!")&'-F$,+/#)!")+"().(',().#$!.&( ()!")!%&'!/()!*+-=(-
/!$&!>)D%($ #)()2G'"+/() !)&'($%2#'"(65#)&'-F$,+/#E!%&'!/()$()H*+(65#)IAB>JK4
Z¢
ZY (12.28)
3
Ia
?;G%)!%%()&'($%2#'"(65#4)&!"#%)+")%-%&!"()!%&'!/(E!%&'!/().#"#)#)"#%&'( #) Z!
$()@-,+'()AB>A9>)L)%-%&!"()&'-2M%-.#)!%&'!/(E&'-F$,+/#)$()@-,+'()AB>AN);# !)%!') Van +
3
%+O%&-&+P #);!/#).-'.+-&#)"#$#2M%-.#)!*+-=(/!$&!) ()@-,+'()AB>AQ>)R%%#);!'"-&!)
*+!).(/.+/!"#%)(;!$(%)(%).#''!$&!%) !)/-$0(>)?%).#''!$&!%) !)2(%!)%5#)#O&- (%) Figura 12.16 ) W-'.+-&#)"#$#2M%-.#)
+%($ #)()H*+(65#)IAB>BCK)!)+&-/-S($ #)#)2(&#) !)*+!).( ()+"() (%).#''!$&!%) !) !*+-=(/!$&!)()+").-'.+-&#)!%&'!/(E
2(%!)!%&M)( -($&( ()!")'!/(65#)7)/-$0().#''!%;#$ !$&!)()89:> &'-F$,+/#)!*+-/-O'( #>
EXEMPLO 12.3
D"()2#$&!).#$!.&( ()!")!%&'!/()!*+-/-O'( ().#")%!*+<$.-()abc).#")Van)T)A99 10 )U)1)
.#$!.&( ()()+"().(',()!")&'-F$,+/#)!*+-/-O'( ()IJ)V)jNK)V);#')2(%!>)W(/.+/!)(%).#''!$-
tes de fase e de linha.
Solução: H%%!);'#O/!"();# !)%!')'!%#/=- #) !) +(%)"($!-'(%X
MÉTODO 1) ?)-";! F$.-() !).(',()1
Z¢ 8 j4 8,944 26,57
?%).#''!$&!%) !)/-$0()%5#
Ia IAB 13 30 13(19,36) 13,43 30
33,53 16,57 A
Ib Ia 120 33,53 136,57 A
Ic Ia 120 33,53 103,43 A
Van 100 10
Ia 33,54 16,57 A
Z¢ 3 2,981 26,57
.#"#) !Y;#%&#) ($&!'-#'"!$&!>)?%) !"(-%) .#''!$&!%) !) /-$0() %5#) #O&- (%) +%($ #) () %!-
*+<$.-() !)2(%!)abc.
6/7%&4% /"# 8'2/9&$,# 7%8,*,:#; #8 *'&8<'8 4' =#8' 7#+# /"# =%&*' $%&'$*#4#
'" *+,-&./0% 8)%
(12.29)
>8 *'&8<'8 4' 0,&?# 8)% #8 "'8"#8 2/' #8 *'&8<'8 4' =#8'5 @# A,./+# BC5BD; 8/-
7%&4% 2/' &)% ?#E# ,"7'4-&$,#8 4' 0,&?#; #8 *'&8<'8 4' =#8' 4# =%&*' $%&'$*#4#
'" *+,-&./0% 8)% ,./#,8 F2/'0#8 4#8 *'&8<'8  ,"7'4-&$,#8G ,8*% H;
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 457
(12.30)
I%.%; #8 $%++'&*'8 4' =#8' 8)%
(12.31)
J%"% # $#+.# '8*K $%&'$*#4# '" *+,-&./0% 4# "'8"# =%+"# 2/' &# 8'L)% #&-
*'+,%+; #0./"#8 4#8 =M+"/0#8 #0, 4'+,:#4#8 *#"3H" 8' #70,$#" # '88' $#8%5 >8
$%++'&*'8 4' 0,&?# 8)% %3*,4#8 4#8 $%++'&*'8 4' =#8' #70,$#&4%18' # INJ #%8
&M8 A; B e C; $%"% EK OP'"%8Q
(12.32)
@# "'8"# =%+"#; $%"% "%8*+#4% #&*'+,%+"'&*'; $#4# $%++'&*' 4' 0,&?# '8*K
#*+#8#4# '" +'0#L)% F $%++'&*' 4' =#8' $%++'87%&4'&*' # RSTG # "#.&,*/4' IL da
$%++'&*' 4' 0,&?# H 13 vezes a magnitude Ip 4# $%++'&*' 4' =#8';
(12.33)
!"# "#&',+# #0*'+&#*,:# 4' #�,8#+ % $,+$/,*% *+,-&./0%1*+,-&./0% H $%&-
:'+*'+ *#&*% # =%&*' 2/#&*% # $#+.# '" 8'/8 '2/,:#0'&*'8 '8*+'0#5 UK 8#3'"%8
2/' ZY = Z¢VR5 W#+# $%&:'+*'+ /"# =%&*' $%&'$*#4# '" *+,-&./0% # /"# =%&*'
$%&'$*#4# '" '8*+'0#; :'E# # 7+M(,"# 8'L)%5
EXEMPLO 12.4
!"# $#+.# $%&'$*#4# '" *+,-&./0% '2/,0,3+#4# $%" ,"7'4-&$,# CS X jBY V '8*K $%-
&'$*#4# # /" .'+#4%+ 4' 8'2/9&$,# 7%8,*,:# 0,.#4% '" *+,-&./0% $%" Vab Z RRS 0 [5
J#0$/0' #8 $%++'&*'8 4' =#8' 4# $#+.# ' #8 $%++'&*'8 4' 0,&?#5
Solução: > ,"7'4-&$,# 4' $#+.# 7%+ =#8' H
Z¢ 20 j15 25l 36,87
VAB 330l0
IAB 13,2l36,87 A
Z¢ 25l 36,87
IBC IABl 120 13,2l 83,13 A
ICA IABl 120 13,2l156,87 A
W#+# /"# $#+.# '" *+,-&./0%; # $%++'&*' 4' 0,&?# '8*K #*+#8#4# '" +'0#L)% F $%++'&*' 4'
=#8' $%++'87%&4'&*' # RST ' *'" /"# "#.&,*/4' 13 :'P'8 # $%++'&*' 4' =#8'5 I%.%; #8
$%++'&*'8 4' 0,&?# 8)%
Ia IAB 13l 30 (13,2l36,87 )(13l 30 )
22,86l6,87 A
Ib Ial 120 22,86l 113,13 A
Ic Ial 120 22,86l126,87 A
!"# =%&*' 4' 8'2/9&$,# 7%8,*,:# ' $%&'$*#4# '" *+,-&./0% '2/,0,3+#4# #0,"'&*# /"# PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.4
$#+.# $%&'$*#4# '" *+,-&./0% '2/,0,3+#4#5 6' # ,"7'4-&$,# 4' $#+.# 7%+ =#8' =%+ B\ ]
jBC V e Ia Z ^;_S^l35 >; 4'*'+",&' IAB e VAB.
Resposta: 5,548l65 A, 120l98,69 V.
#SAMBARILOVE
458 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
(12.34)
ou
W%+*#&*%;
(12.35)
Ia
a A
ZY
Vca + Vab N
+
ZY ZY
Ib
c + C
b B
Vbc
Ic
Ia Ib Ia(1 1l 120 )
Ia a1
13
b
1 (12.36)
j Ia 13l30
2 2
!"#$%$!%&'()*)+,!*-.()/012345)&*)+,!*-.()/012365)78#!9$*
(12.37)
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 459
:);*7$%7)'8##*)<9$%=*>)("$8=(#)*#)'8=*%#)?(778&$8#)'8)9%&@*>)Ib e Ic>)!#*&'()*) a
#8,!A&?%*)'8)B*#8#);(#%$%C*>)%#$()D>)Ib = Ial 120 >)Ic = Ial 120 2):#)?(778&$8#)
'8)B*#8)#.()%E!*%#)F#)?(778&$8#)'8)9%&@*2 + V
an
G!$7*)B(7=*)'8)("$87=(#)*#)?(778&$8#)'8)9%&@*)#87%*)#!"#$%$!%7)*)B(&$8)?(- Vca + n
+ Vab
&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9();89*)#!*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%C*98&$8>)?(=()
=(#$7*'()&*)I%E!7*)0120J2)K*) 8-.()0123>)C%=(#),!8)*#)$8&#L8#)9%&@*M9%&@*)'8) + Vbn +
Vcn
!=*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8#$.()*'%*&$*'*#)8=)789*-.()F#)#!*#)$8&#L8#)'8) c + b
B*#8)?(778#;(&'8&$8#)*)3NO2)P(,!8&$8=8&$8>)("$8=(#)?*'*)$8&#.()'8)B*#8) Vbc
'*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%C*98&$8)'%C%'%&'()*)$8&#.()'8)9%&@*)?(778#-
;(&'8&$8)'*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9();(7)13)8)'8#9(?*&'()#!*)B*#8)8=) Figura 12.19 ) \7*&#B(7=*-.()'8)!=*)
Q3NO2)R(7$*&$(>)*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%C*98&$8)*;78#8&$*)*#)#8E!%&$8#) B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()8=)!=*)
$8&#L8#)'8)B*#8 B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%C*98&$82
(12.38)
8)*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()$%C87)!=*)%=;8'H&?%*)Zs);(7)B*#8>)*)B(&$8)
Ia
?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%C*98&$8)$87S)!=*)%=;8'H&?%*)'8)B(&$8)%E!*9)*)Zs T3)
;(7)B*#8>)'8)*?(7'()?(=)*)+,!*-.()/J24J52 Vp −30°
+ ZY
:##%=),!8)*)B(&$8)B(7)$7*&#B(7=*'*)8=)8#$789*>)()?%7?!%$()#8)$(7&*)!=)#%#- √3 −
$8=*)8#$789*M8#$789*2)P(,!8&$8=8&$8>);('8=(#)!#*7)()?%7?!%$()=(&(BS#%?()
8,!%C*98&$8)=(#$7*'()&*)I%E!7*)0121N>)*);*7$%7)'(),!*9)*)?(778&$8)'8)9%&@*);(7) Figura 12.20 ) P%7?!%$()=(&(BS#%?()
fase a é 8,!%C*98&$82
(12.39)
,!8)8,!%C*98)F)+,!*-.()/0123U52
V8)B(7=*)*9$87&*$%C*>);('87W*=(#)$7*&#B(7=*7)*)?*7E*)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$78-
9*)8=)!=*)?*7E*)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()8,!%C*98&$82)X##()78#!9$*)8=)!=)#%#$8-
=*)$7%H&E!9(M$7%H&E!9(>),!8);('8)#87)*&*9%#*'()?(=()&*) 8-.()01262)K($8),!8
(12.40)
P(=()*Y7=*'()*&$87%(7=8&$8>)*)?*7E*)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()D)=*%#)78-
,!87%'*) ,!8) *) ?*7E*) ?(&8?$*'*) 8=) 8#$789*2) Z) =*%#) BS?%9) *9$87*7) *#) ?*7E*#) 8=)
,!*9,!87)!=*)'*#)B*#8#)'*#)?*7E*#)9%E*'*#)8=)$7%H&E!9()[S),!8)'%Y?%9=8&$8)*)
B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()D)!#*'*)&*);7S$%?*>);(%#),!*9,!87)9%E8%7()'8#8,!%-
9W"7%()&*#)$8&#L8#)'8)B*#8)78#!9$*7S)8=)?(778&$8#)?%7?!9*&$8#)%&'8#8[*'*#2)
:)\*"89*)0120)$7*])!=)78#!=()'*#)B^7=!9*#);*7*)?(778&$8#)8)$8&#L8#)'8)
B*#8)8)?(778&$8#)8)$8&#L8#)'8)9%&@*);*7*)*#),!*$7()?(&8_L8#2)`8?(=8&'*M#8),!8)
(#)*9!&(#)&.()=8=(7%]8=)*#)B^7=!9*#>)=*#>)#%=>)8&$8&'*=M&*#2):#)B^7=!9*#)
#8=;78);('8=)#87)("$%'*#)'%78$*=8&$8)*;9%?*&'()*)abP)8)ab\)*(#)?%7?!%$(#)
$7%BS#%?(#)*;7(;7%*'(#2
#SAMBARILOVE
460 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
Idêntico às correntes
Conexão Correntes/tensões de fases
de linha
EXEMPLO 12.5
c=*)?*7E*)?(&8?$*'*)8=)8#$789*)8,!%9%"7*'*)?(=)%=;8'H&?%*);(7)B*#8)dN)e)j16)V
D)*9%=8&$*'*);(7)!=*)B(&$8)?(&8?$*'*)8=)$7%H&E!9()8,!%9%"7*'*)8)'8)#8,!A&?%*);(#%-
$%C*)?(=)$8&#.()'8)9%&@*)%E!*9)*)10N)f2)P*9?!98)*#)?(778&$8#)'8)B*#82)c#8 Vab)?(=()
78B87A&?%*2
Solução: :)%=;8'H&?%*)'8)?*7E*)D
ZY 40 j25 47,17l32
e a tensão da fonte é
Vab 210l0 V
g!*&'() *) B(&$8) ?(&8?$*'*) 8=) $7%H&E!9() D) $7*&#B(7=*'*) 8=) !=*) B(&$8) ?(&8?$*'*) 8=)
8#$789*>
Vab
Van l 30 121,2l 30 V
13
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 461
:#)?(778&$8#)'8)9%&@*)#.(
Van 121,2l 30
Ia 2,57l 62 A
ZY 47,12l32
Ib Ial 120 2,57l 178 A
Ic Ial120 2,57l58 A
,!8)#.()%'A&$%?*#)F#)?(778&$8#)'8)B*#82
(12.41)
onde o fator 12)D)&8?8##S7%(>);(%#)Vp !"# $%&'#$( )"*" " +(,"- ./0 $( 1%'23"
de fase. Se ZY = Zlu4 (2 )"--%'1%2 $% !(2% %213" (1-(2($(2 %* -%,(53" 62 27(2
1%'28%2 $% !(2% )"--%29"'$%'1%2 %* u: ;"-1('1"4
(12.42)
onde Ip < " +(,"- ./0 $( )"--%'1% $% !(2%: = 9"1>')#( #'21('1?'%( '( )(-@( < (
2"*( $(2 9"1>')#(2 #'21('1?'%(2 '(2 1->2 !(2%2A #21" <4
(12.43)
(12.44)
obtemos
Vp Ip c 3 cos u b cos a d
1
cos a 2a 3Vp Ip cos u
2
#SAMBARILOVE
462 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
(12.46)
% ( 9"1>')#( -%(1#+( 9"- !(2% <
(12.47)
= 9"1>')#( (9(-%'1% 9"- !(2% <
(12.48)
= 9"1>')#( )"*9,%L( 9"- !(2% <
(12.49)
%* C7% Vp e Ip 23"4 -%29%)1#+(*%'1%4 ( 1%'23" $% !(2% % ( )"--%'1% $% !(2% $%
magnitudes Vp e Ip: = 9"1>')#( *<$#( 1"1(, < ( 2"*( $(2 9"1>')#(2 *<$#(2 '(2
!(2%2M
(12.50)
;(-( 7*( )(-@( )"'%)1($( %* %21-%,(4 IL = Ip4 9"-<*4 VL = 13Vp4 %'C7('1" 9(-(
7*( )(-@( )"'%)1($( %* 1-#?'@7,"4 IL = 13Ip4 9"-<*4 VL = Vp: N"@"4 ( FC7(-
53" OPQ:RST 9"$% 2%- (9,#)($( 1('1" 9(-( )(-@(2 ,#@($(2 %* %21-%,( )"*" 9(-(
(C7%,(2 ,#@($(2 %* 1-#?'@7,": U% !"-*( 2%*%,V('1%4 ( 9"1>')#( -%(1#+( 1"1(, <
(12.51)
3Vp2
S 3Sp 3Vp I*p 3I 2p Zp (12.52)
Z *p
onde Zp = Zplu < ( #*9%$?')#( $% )(-@( 9"- !(2%: OZp poderia ser ZY ou Z¢T: U%
*"$" (,1%-'(1#+"4 9"$%-W(*"2 %2)-%+%- ( FC7(53" OPQ:RQT )"*"
N%*D-%X2% $% C7% Vp4 Ip4 VL e IL 23" 1"$"2 +(,"-%2 ./0 % C7% Y < " ?'@7,"
$( #*9%$?')#( $% )(-@( "7 " ?'@7," %'1-% ( 1%'23" $% !(2% % ( )"--%'1% $% !(2%:
= 2%@7'$( @-('$% +('1(@%* $"2 2#21%*(2 1-#!B2#)"2 9(-( $#21-#D7#53" $%
%'%-@#( < C7% " 2#21%*( 1-#!B2#)" 72( 7*( C7('1#$($% *%'"- $% &" C7% " 2#21%-
*( *"'"!B2#)" 9(-( ( *%2*( 1%'23" $% ,#'V( VL % ( *%2*( 9"1>')#( (D2"-+#$(
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 463
PL: H(*"2 )"*9(-(- %22%2 )(2"2 % 279"- C7% (*D"2 "2 &"2 23" $" *%2*"
*(1%-#(, O9"- %L%*9,"4 )"D-% )"* -%2#21#+#$($% rT4 $" *%2*" )"*9-#*%'1" /4
% C7% (2 )(-@(2 23" -%2#21#+(2 O#21" <4 !(1"- $% 9"1>')#( 7'#1B-#"T: ;(-( " 2#21%*(
*"'"!B2#)" D#&,(- $( Z#@7-( PQ:QPa, IL= PL/ VL %4 9"-1('1"4 ( 9%-$( $% 9"1>')#(
'"2 $"#2 &"2 <
(12.54)
R! Ia
IL +
R
+ Fonte Ib VL 0" Carga
trifásica R! trifásica
Fonte PL
equilibrada + equilibrada
monofásica VL Carga
Ic VL 120"
R R!
;(-( " 2#21%*( 1-#!B2#)" 1-#&,(- $( Z#@7-( PQ:QPb4 IL¿ = |Ia| = |Ib| = |Ic| = PL J13VL
( 9(-1#- $( FC7(53" OPQ:RST: = 9%-$( $% 9"1>')#( '"2 1->2 &"2 <
(12.55)
=2 FC7(58%2 OPQ:R\T % OPQ:RRT *"21-(* C7% 9(-( ( *%2*( 9"1>')#( 1"1(, ,#D%-
rada PL e para a mesma tensão de linha VL4
(12.56)
(12.57)
(12.58)
7*( +%_ C7% rQ ` Qr¿Q: = FC7(53" OPQ:RaT *"21-( C7% " 2#21%*( *"'"!B2#)"
72( KKb *(#2 $% *(1%-#(, C7% " 2#21%*( 1-#!B2#)" "7 C7% " 2#21%*( 1-#!B2#)" 72(
(9%'(2 cRb $" *(1%-#(, 72($" '" 2#21%*( *"'"!B2#)" %C7#+(,%'1%: F* "71-(2
9(,(+-(24 < '%)%22B-#( 7*( C7('1#$($% )"'2#$%-(+%,*%'1% *%'"- $% *(1%-#(,
#SAMBARILOVE
464 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
EXEMPLO 12.6
]D2%-+% " )#-)7#1" $( Z#@7-( PQ:PK O'" FL%*9," PQ:QT: U%1%-*#'% ( 9"1>')#( *<$#(
1"1(,4 ( 9"1>')#( -%(1#+( % ( 9"1>')#( )"*9,%L( '( !"'1% % '( )(-@(:
Solução: d 27&)#%'1% ,%+(- %* )"'1( 7*( !(2%4 eB C7% " 2#21%*( < %C7#,#D-($": ;(-( (
fase a4
Vp 110l0 V e Ip 6,81l 21,8 A
= 9"1>')#( -%(, "7 *<$#( (D2"-+#$( < EQ:Sac f % ( 9"1>')#( -%(1#+( < EaK\4g H=.:
h( )(-@(4 ( 9"1>')#( )"*9,%L( (D2"-+#$( <
SL 3 0 Ip 0 2Zp
SL 3(6,81)212,81l38,66 1.782l38,66
(1.392 j1.113) VA
- .+/01234 5647 489+5:3;4 < ")=>"'? @ 6 4 .+/01234 564/3:4 489+5:3;4 < ")""='= A-B)
- ;3C6561D4 61/56 49 ;E49 .+/012349 2+F.76G49 < 489+5:3;4 .674 3F.6;H1234 ;6 731I4
JK L j& M V) N454 F+9/545 OE6 69/6 < + 249+' 612+1/54F+9 4 .+/01234 2+F.76G4 489+5:3;4
.674 731I4' 2+F+ 96,E6
S/ 3 0 Ip 0 2 Z/ 3(6,81)2(5 j2) 695,6 j278,3 VA
OE6 < 4 ;3C6561D4 61/56 Ss e SLP 39/+ <' Ss $ S/ $ SL ! #' 2+F+ 69.654;+)
PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.6 Q472E76 4 .+/01234 2+F.76G4 14 C+1/6 6 14 245,4 .454 + 2352E3/+ 69/5674R69/5674 ;+ N5+-
876F4 .5S/32+ "&)&)
Resposta: (1.054,2 j843,3) VA, (1.012 j801,6) VA.
EXEMPLO 12.7
TF F+/+5 /53CS932+ .+;6 965 2+193;654;+ EF4 245,4 2+162/4;4 6F 69/5674 6OE373854;4)
U 489+5:6 K'( V@ OE41;+ 4 /619W+ ;6 731I4 C+5 &&# A 6 4 2+5561/6 ;6 731I4 C+5 "%'& -)
X6/65F316 + C4/+5 ;6 .+/01234 ;+ F+/+5)
Solução: - .+/01234 4.4561/6 <
S 13VL IL 13(220)(18,2) 6.935,13 VA
PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.7 Q472E76 4 2+5561/6 ;6 731I4 162699S534 .454 EF F+/+5 /53CS932+ ;6 =# V@ ;6 C4/+5 ;6
.+/01234 #'%K J4/5494;+M' 96 676 69/3:65 2+162/4;+ 4 EF4 C+1/6 6OE373854;4 2+F /619W+
;6 731I4 YY# A)
Resposta: Y('=" -)
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 465
EXEMPLO 12.8
XE49 245,49 6OE373854;49 9W+ 73,4;49 4 EF4 731I4 ;6 (# Z[' &Y# VA B\]' 2+F+ F+9/54-
;+ 14 ^3,E54 "&)&&a) - 245,4 " 489+5:6 =# V@ 2+F EF C4/+5 ;6 .+/01234 #'( J4/5494;+M'
61OE41/+ 4 245,4 & 489+5:6 YK VA-B 2+F C4/+5 ;6 .+/01234 #'% J4/5494;+M) ]E.+1;+ 4
96OE01234 abc' ;6/65F316_ J4M 49 .+/012349 2+F.76G4' 5647 6 564/3:4 489+5:3;49 .674 245-
,4 2+162/4;4P J8M 49 2+5561/69 ;6 731I4P J2M VA-B 1+F3147 ;+9 /509 24.423/+569 73,4;+9
6F /53H1,E7+ 6F .454767+ 2+F 4 245,4 OE6 676:45S + C4/+5 ;6 .+/01234 .454 #'> J4/5494;+M
6 4 24.423/H1234 ;6 24;4 24.423/+5)
Solução: J4M N454 4 245,4 "' ;4;+ OE6 P" ! =# V@ 6 2+9 u" ! #'(' 61/W+ 961 u" ! #'%) Carga Carga
*+,+' equilibrada 1 equilibrada 2
P1 30 kW
S1 50 kVA (a)
cos u1 0,6
e Q" = S" sen u" ! K#J#'%M ! Y# VA-B) *+,+' 4 .+/01234 2+F.76G4 .454 4 245,4 " < C
S1 P1 jQ1 30 j40 kVA (12.8.1) C C
N454 4 245,4 &' 96 Q& ! YK VA-B 6 2+9 u& ! #'%' 61/W+ 961 u& ! #'() X692+853F+9 OE6
Q2 45 kVA
S2 75 kVA
sen u2 0,6
Carga
associada
e P& = S& 2+9 u& ! ?KJ#'%M ! (# V@) N+5/41/+' 4 .+/01234 2+F.76G4 ;4 245,4 & <
S
IL (12.8.4)
13VL
!"#$%&'() *(+%) %) $%,%) -&%) ,%() $%./%(0) +*1,') *&) &*1+*) 2-*0) !%.%) %&3%() %() $%./%(0)
VL)4)567)89:);%.%)%)$%./%)<0
50.000
IL1 120,28 mA
13 240.000
='&')')>%+'.),*)!'+?1$#%)*(+@)%+.%(%,'0)%)$'..*1+*),*)"#1A%)*(+@)%+.%(%,%)*&).*"%BC')D)
tensão de linha em u<)4)$'(E<)70F)4)GH0<HI:);'.+%1+'0
Ia1 120,28l 53,13
;%.%)%)$%./%)50
75.000
IL2 180,42 mA
13 240.000
*)%)$'..*1+*),*)"#1A%)*(+@)%+.%(%,%)*&).*"%BC')D)+*1(C'),*)"#1A%)*&)u5)4)$'(E<)70J)4)
HF0JKI:)L'/'0
Ia2 180,42l 36,87
)$'..*1+*),*)"#1A%)+'+%")M
Ia Ia1 Ia2 120,28l 53,13 180,42l 36,87
(72,168 j96,224) (144,336 j108,252)
216,5 j204,472 297,8l 43,36 mA
#SAMBARILOVE
466 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
T*)>'.&%)%"+*.1%+#U%0)!',*.V%&'()'3+*.)%)$'..*1+*),%)!'+?1$#%)$'&!"*O%)+'+%")-(%1,')%)
N2-%BC')Q<5:J:6R0)$'&')(*/-*
123.800
IL 297,82 mA
13 240.000
e
Ia 297,82l 43,36 mA
N((%)!'+?1$#%).*%+#U%)M)!%.%)'()+.?()$%!%$#+'.*(:);%.%)$%,%)-&),*"*(0)')U%"'.)1'%")
Q9C)4)<H0J)89 Y:)T%)N2-%BC')Q<<:F7R0)%)$%!%$#+Z1$#%)1*$*((@.#%)M
Q¿C
C
V 2RMS
='&')'()$%!%$#+'.*()*(+C')"#/%,'()*&)+.#Z1/-"')$'1>'.&*)&'(+.%,')1%)[#/-.%)<5:55b0)
VY\])1%)>^.&-"%)%1+*.#'.)M)%)+*1(C')"#1A%_"#1A%)'-0)(#&!"*(&*1+*0)+*1(C'),*)"#1A%0)2-*)
M)#/-%")%)567)89:);'.+%1+'0
13.800
C 635,5 FP
(2 p 60)(240.000)2
†
12.8 Sistemas trifásicos desequilibrados
N(+*)$%!V+-"')(*.#%)#1$'&!"*+')(*)1C')&*1$#'1@((*&'()'()(#(+*&%()+.#>@(#$'()
,*(*2-#"#3.%,'(0)2-*)(C')!.'U'$%,'()!'.),-%()(#+-%Bc*()!'((VU*#(P)Q<R)%()+*1-
(c*(),*)>'1+*)1C')(C')#/-%#()*&)&%/1#+-,*)*d'-),#>*.*&)*&)>%(*)!'.)Z1/-"'()
,*(#/-%#()'-)*1+C')Q5R)%()#&!*,Z1$#%(),*)$%./%)(C'),*(#/-%#(:)L'/'0
;%.%)(#&!"#e$%.)%)%1@"#(*0)U%&'()(-!'.)>'1+*(),*)+*1(C')*2-#"#3.%,%(0)!'.M&0)
-&%)$%./%),*(*2-#"#3.%,%:
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 467
]#(+*&%()+.#>@(#$'(),*(*2-#"#3.%,'()(C').*('"U#,'()!*"%)%!"#$%BC'),#.*+%),*) Ia
A
%1@"#(*),*)&%"A%()*)%1@"#(*)1',%":) )[#/-.%)<5:5H)&'(+.%)-&)*O*&!"'),*)-&)
(#(+*&%)+.#>@(#$'),*(*2-#"#3.%,')>'.&%,')!'.)+*1(c*(),*)>'1+*)*2-#"#3.%,%()Q1C')
&'(+.%,%()1%)e/-.%R)*)!'.)-&%)$%./%)$'1*$+%,%)*&)*(+.*"%),*(*2-#"#3.%,%)Q&'(-
VAN ZA
+.%,%)1%)e/-.%R:)f&%)U*a)2-*)%)$%./%)*(+@),*(*2-#"#3.%,%0)ZA0)ZB e ZC não são
#/-%#(:) ()$'..*1+*(),*)"#1A%)(C'),*+*.%,%()!*"%)"*#),*)gA&0)$'&')(*/-* In
N
ZB ZC
Ib VBN
VAN VBN VCN C
Ia , Ib , Ic (12.59)
ZA ZB ZC B
Ic VCN
N((*)$'1h-1+'),*)$'..*1+*(),*)"#1A%),*(*2-#"#3.%,%()!.',-a)$'..*1+*)1%)"#1A%)
Figura 12.23 ='#1' (#+!60+&'
1*-+.%0)2-*)1C')M)a*.')$'&')1')(#(+*&%)*2-#"#3.%,':) !"#$%.)%)"*#),'()1^()%')1^)
&"$%&(')' %/ %0(#%*' )%0%4-+*+J#')'8
N !"#$%&% ' &"##%$(% )' *+$,' $%-(#'. &"/" 0%1-%
R &'#1' &"$%&(')' %/ (#+C$1-*" )%0%4-+*+J#')' )' T+1-#' MN8NO E '*+/%$(')' 7"# (%$- PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.9
0L%0 *+$,'D*+$,' %4-+*+J#')'0 )% OOA V $' 0%4-G$&+' 7"0+(+>'8 [%(%#/+$% '0 &"##%$(%0 )%
linha. Adote Vab &"/" #%!%#G$&+'8
Resposta: 39,71l 41,06 A, 64,12l 139,8 A, 70,13l74,27 A.
#SAMBARILOVE
468 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
EXEMPLO 12.10
]'#' " &+#&-+(" )%0%4-+*+J#')" )' T+1-#' MN8NW. )%(%#/+$%^ H'I '0 &"##%$(%0 )% *+$,'\ HJI
' 7"(G$&+' &"/7*%_' ("('* 'J0"#>+)' 7%*' &'#1'\ H&I ' 7"(G$&+' &"/7*%_' ("('* 'J0"#>+)'
pela fonte.
Ia
a A
120 0"#RMS + j5 !
I1
n N
– j10 !
120 120"#RMS + + 120 120"#RMS
10 !
Ib
c C
b B
I2
Ic
10 j5 10
¢ 50 j50 70,71l 45
10 10 j10
12013l30 10
¢1 207,85(13,66 j13,66)
120 13l 90 10 j10
4015l 45
10 j5 120 13l30
¢2 207,85(13,66 j5)
10 120 13l 90
3.023,4l 20,1
!"#$%%&'(&!")&"*+,-+"!.$
¢1 4.015,23l 45
I1 56,78 A
¢ 70,71l 45
¢2 3.023,4l 20,1
I2 42,75l24,9 A
¢ 70,71l 45
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 469
!"#$%%&'(&!")&",/'-+"!.$
Ia I1 56,78 A, Ic I2 42,75l 155,1 A
Ib I2 I1 38,78 j18 56,78 25,46l135 A
012" 3$%+4"5$)&*$!"#+,#6,+%"+"5$(7'#/+"#$*5,&8+"+1!$%9/)+"5&,+"#+%3+:";+%+"+"<+!&" 4
;+%+"+"<+!&"=4
;+%+"+"<+!&">4
"5$(7'#/+"#$*5,&8+"($(+,"+1!$%9/)+"5&,+"#+%3+"?
SL SA SB SC 6480 j2156 VA
0#2"@&%/A#+*$!"$"%&!6,(+)$"+'(&%/$%")&(&%*/'+')$"+"5$(7'#/+"+1!$%9/)+"5&,+"<$'(&:";+%+"
a fonte de tensão na fase a4
"5$(7'#/+"#$*5,&8+"($(+,"+1!$%9/)+"5&,+"<$'(&"(%/<B!/#+"?
Ss Sa Sb Sc 6.480 j2.156 VA
)&*$'!(%+')$"C6&"Ss"D"SL"E"F"&"#$'A%*+')$"$"5%/'#G5/$")+"#$'!&%9+H.$")&"5$(7'#/+"
CA.
a A
! j5
220 !120"#RMS V +! + 220 0"#RMS V
!
10
c !+ C
b B j10
220 120"#RMS V
EXEMPLO 12.11
>(#('+'*%#*/%"+'!)"#!-(O"#%E&5/-+'!2/%-%3#(,+',('4%5/#('6787RD'/)!'+'PSpice para determi-
&(#'('*+##!&"!',!'-%&.('IaAD'('"!&)@+',!'0()!'VAB'!'('*+##!&"!',!'0()!'IAC. Suponha uma
0#!2/;&*%(',!'0+&"!'%5/(-'('9?'SG8
100 !"V
a 1# A
$+
100 #
100 #
100 $%& !"V 0,2 H
b 1#
n $+ B
100 #
0,2 H
100 %& !"V 0,2 H
c 1#
$+
C
Figura 12.27 ' =)2/!$(':(#('+'=Q!$:-+'678668
Solução: P'!)2/!$('A'$+)"#(,+'&('4%5/#('6787T8'P)':)!/,+*+$:+&!&"!)'U>VUWX'
são inseridos nas linhas apropriadas para se obter IaA e IACD' !&2/(&"+'Y>VUWX7' A'
%&)!#%,+'!&"#!'+)'&L)'C'!'Z':(#('$+)"#(#'('"!&)@+',%0!#!&*%(-'VAB8'B+&[5/#($+)'+)'
("#%3/"+)',!'U>VUWXD'3!$'*+$+',!'Y>VUWX7'!$'AC = yesD'MAG = yesD'PHASE =
yesD':(#('!Q%3%#'(:!&()'('$(5&%"/,!'!'('0()!',()'*+##!&"!)'!'"!&)\!)8'B+$+')!'"#("('
,!' /$(' (&1-%)!' ,!' 0#!2/;&*%(' )%$:-!)D' )!-!*%+&($+)' Analysis/Setup/AC Sweep e
introduzimos Total Pts']'6D'Start Freq']'9?'!'Final Freq']'9?8'C))%$'2/!'+'(#2/%<+'
#!0!#!&"!'(+'*%#*/%"+'0+#')(-<+D'!-!'A')%$/-(,+')!-!*%+&(&,+O)!'+'*+$(&,+'Analysis/
Simulate8'P'(#2/%<+',!')(H,('(:#!)!&"('+')!5/%&"!'#!)/-"(,+^
FREQ V(A,B) VP(A,B)
6.000E+01 1.699E+02 3.081E+01
FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)
6.000E+01 2.350E+00 -3.620E+01
FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)
6.000E+01 1.357E+00 -6.620E+01
C':(#"%#',!))!'#!)/-"(,+D'+3"!$+)
IaA 2,35l 36,2 A
VAB 169,9l30,81 V, IAC 1,357l 66,2 A
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 471
",-,./0 ",-,./0
1 2,-,./0 1 2,-,./0
73#789
"1 2,-,&'',6 3* 45,-,./0 3* 45,-,./0
"3* 45,-,' #&
+
6& &
#$ &''
#% &''
"1 2,-,&''
"3* 45,-, &)' '()* +&
#) ! 73#789
+
6) & ",-,./0
#; &'' 1 2,-,./0
"1 2,-,&'',6 3* 45,-,./0
'()* +)
"3* 45,-,&)' '()* +:
#: "
+
6: &
'
120 !"#V
a 2$ 1,6 mH A
%+
10 $
120 % !"#V 10 mH
b 2$ 1,6 mH B 10 $ 10 mH
n %+ N
10 $
120 &'!"#V 10 mH
c 2$ 1,6 mH
%+
C
Figura 12.29 ' =)2/!$(':(#('+'>#+3-!$(':#1"%*+'678668
EXEMPLO 12.12
B+&)%,!#!'+'*%#*/%"+'"#%E&5/-+O"#%E&5/-+',!)!2/%-%3#(,+'&('4%5/#('678a?8'`)!'+'PSpice
:(#('!&*+&"#(#'('*+##!&"!',+'5!#(,+#'IabD'('*+##!&"!',!'-%&.('IbB'!'('*+##!&"!',!'0()!'IBC.
a A
2 j5
+ 208 10 !V 50 #
!
!
208 130 !V + b B ! j40
2 j5
Solução:
1. !"#$%&'. 0 ()*1,%&' % * ()*2%""* 3% "*,$45* %"65* 3%7893*" 3% :*)&' 2,')'/
2. ()*!+!#,-%&'. ;)%29"'&*" 3%6%)&98') ' 2*))%86% 3* <%)'3*) =$983* 3% a para b>
' 2*))%86% 3% ,98?' 3% b para B % ' 2*))%86% 3% :'"% 3% B para C.
3. (.,!*#-,$/-. !&1*)' %+9"6'& 39:%)%86%" &@6*3*" (')' )%"*,A%) %""% ()*1,%&'> *
uso do PSpice @ *1)9<'6B)9*/ C*8"%#$%86%&%86%> 85* $"')%&*" *$6)* &@6*3*/
4. 0!#,-,$/-. C*&* &%829*8'3*> %A96'&*" ' &',?' 3'" :*86%" 3% 6%8"5*> 98"%)983*
$& )%"9"6*) 3% - mV %& "@)9% 8' :*86% 2*8%26'3' %& 6)9D8<$,*/ ;')' :*)8%2%) $&
8BE6%))' F> 98"%)9&*" )%"9"6*)%" %#$9,91)'3*" ,9<'3*" %& 6)9D8<$,* G- HV (*) :'"%I
8' :*86% 2*8%26'3' %& 6)9D8<$,*> 2*8:*)&% &*"6)'3* 8* %"#$%&' 3' J9<$)' -./K-/
L)M" ("%$3*2*&(*8%86%" N;ONPL 2*& "%$" '6)91$6*" "5* 98"%)93*" (')' (*3%)&*"
*16%) '" 2*))%86%" 8%2%""Q)9'" Iab> IbB e IBC/ RQ #$% ' :)%#$M829' 3% *(%)'45* 85* @
3'3' % '" 983$6D829'" % 2'('296D829'" 3%A%& "%) %"(%2972'3'" %& A%S 3'" 9&(%3D8-
29'"> "$(*)%&*" v T - )'3U" 3% &*3* #$% f T -U.p T F>-VW-VV XS/ ;*)6'86*>
XL 1
L e C
XC
Y%,%29*8'&*" Analysis/Setup/AC Sweep e introduzimos Total Pts T -> Start
Freq T F>-VW-VV % Final Freq T F>-VW-VV/ Z""9& #$% * ')#$9A* )%:%)%86% '*
29)2$96* :*) "',A*> "%,%29*8'&*" * 2*&'83* Analysis/Simulate para simular o
29)2$96*/ 0 ')#$9A* 3% "'[3' '()%"%86' * "%<$986% )%"$,6'3*\
FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)
1.592E-01 9.106E+00 1.685E+02
FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)
1.592E-01 5.959E+00 -1.772E+02
FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)
1.592E-01 5.500E+00 1.725E+02
"- 5-
% 8
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&'+,+?9@
0&1+,+?9@ !" #$
!(&)*+,+?9@
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+ !" #$.
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J'4'&*" #$% ' &',?' aABb "%]' ' &',?' -> ' &',?' bBCc "%]' ' &',?' . % '
malha ACB "%]' ' &',?' K> 2*& '" 6)M" 2*))%86%" 3% &',?' =$983* 8* "%8693*
?*)Q)9*/ Z2'1'&*" 2?%<'83* ^" "%<$986%" %#$'4_%"\
Malha 1
(54 j10)I1 (2 j5)I2 (50)I3 208l10 204,8 j36,12
Malha 2
(2 j5)I1 (4 j40)I2 ( j30)I3 208l 110
71,14 j195,46
Malha 3
Z=
54.0000+10.0000i-2.0000-5.0000i-50.0000
-2.0000-5.0000i 4.0000+40.0000i 0-30.0000i
-50.0000 0-30.0000i 50.0000-10.0000i
>>V=[(204.8+36.12i);(-71.14-195.46i);0]
V=
1.0e+002*
2.0480+0.3612i
-0.7114-1.9546i
0
>>I=inv(Z)*V
I=
8.9317+2.6983i
0.0096+4.5175i
5.4619+3.7964i
Malha 2
Malha 3
Malha 4
Z=
54.0100+10.0000i -2.0000-5.0000i, -50.0000 -0.0100
-2.0000-5.0000i 4.0100-40.0000i 0-30.0000i 0.0100
-50.0000 0-30.0000i 50.0000-10.0000i 0
-0.0100 -0.0100 0 0.0300
>>V=[(204.8+36.12i);(-71.14-195.46i);0;0]
V=
1.0e+002*
2.0480+0.3612i
-0.7114-1.9546i
0
0
>>I=inv(Z)*V
I=
8.9309+2.6973i
0.0093+4.5159i
5.4623+3.7954i
2.9801+2.4044i
Iab I1 I4 (8,931 j2,697) (2,98 j2,404)
5,951 j0,293 5,958l 177,18 A. Verificação das respostas
6. !"#$%!"&'#!( !"#$% &#' %$(&)*$ %'+,%-'+./,' " &#' 0"/,12')*$ '3"4&'3' 5'/' '
%$(&)*$6 78$/'9 5$3"#$% '5/"%":+'/ $% /"%&(+'3$% 2$#$ %$(&)*$ 5'/' $ 5/$;("#'6
PROBLEMA PRÁTICO 12.12 <'/' $ 2,/2&,+$ 3"%"4&,(,;/'3$ :' =,8&/' >?6@?9 &%" $ PSpice 5'/' 3"+"/#,:'/ ' 2$//":+"
do gerador Ica9 ' 2$//":+" 3" (,:A' IcC " ' 2$//":+" 3" -'%" IAB.
a A
10 #
+ 220 "30 !V
"
j10 #
220 90 !V " b B 10 #
+
10 #
+ 220 "150 !V
"
" j10 #
c C
Figura 12.32 B%4&"#' 5'/' $ </$;("#' 5/C+,2$ >?6>?
Resposta: 24,68l 90 A, 37,25l83,79 A, 15,55l 75,01 A.
12.10 †Aplicações
!':+$ '% (,8')D"% 3" -$:+" "# +/,E:8&($ 4&':+$ '% (,8')D"% "# "%+/"(' +F# ,#-
5$/+':+"% '5(,2')D"% 5/C+,2'%6 7 2$:"G*$ 3" -$:+" "# "%+/"(' H &%'3' 5'/'
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 475
+/':%#,%%*$ 3" ":"/8,' "(H+/,2' ' ($:8'% 3,%+E:2,'%9 "# 4&" '% 5"/3'% /"%,%+,0'%
II2 RJ 3"0"# %"/ #K:,#'%6 L%%$ %" 3"0" '$ -'+$ 3" 4&" ' 2$:"G*$ "# "%+/"('
-$/:"2" &#' +":%*$ 3" (,:A' 4&" H 13 0"M"% #',$/ 4&" ' 2$:"G*$ "# +/,E:8&($N
5$/+':+$9 5'/' ' #"%#' 5$+F:2,'9 ' 2$//":+" 3" (,:A' H 13 0"M"% #":$/6 7 2$-
:"G*$ 3" -$:+" "# +/,E:8&($ H &%'3' 4&':3$ %" 4&"/ +/F% 2,/2&,+$% #$:$-C%,2$%
' 5'/+,/ 3" &#' -$:+" +/,-C%,2'9 %":3$ 4&" "%%' 2$:0"/%*$ H :"2"%%C/,' :$ 2';"'-
#":+$ "(H+/,2$ /"%,3":2,'(9 5$,% ' ,(&#,:')*$ " $% '5'/"(A$% 3$#H%+,2$% &%'#
5$+F:2,' #$:$-C%,2'6 7 5$+F:2,' +/,-C%,2' H &+,(,M'3' :$ 2';"'#":+$ ,:3&%+/,'(
$:3" %*$ :"2"%%C/,'% 8/':3"% 5$+F:2,'%6 B# '(8&#'% '5(,2')D"%9 H ,//"("0':+"
%" ' 2'/8' "%+C 2$:"2+'3' "# "%+/"(' $& "# +/,E:8&($6 <$/ "G"#5($9 "%%"% 3$,%
+,5$% 3" (,8')D"% %*$ %'+,%-'+./,$% 2$# #$+$/"% 3" ,:3&)*$6 O' /"'(,3'3"9 '(-
8&:% -';/,2':+"% (,8'# &# #$+$/ "# +/,E:8&($ 5'/' ??P Q " "# "%+/"(' 5'/'
RRP Q9 3" #$3$ 4&" &#' (,:A' 3" #$+$/"% 5$%%' %"/ -'2,(#":+" '3'5+'3' 5'/'
3&'% +":%D"% 3,-"/":+"%6
78$/'9 2$:%,3"/'/"#$% 3&'% '5(,2')D"% 5/C+,2'% 3$% 2$:2",+$% 0,%+$%
:"%+" 2'5K+&($S #"3,)*$ 3" 5$+F:2,' "# 2,/2&,+$% +/,-C%,2$% " ,:%+'(')*$ "(H-
+/,2' /"%,3":2,'(6
(12.61)
onde P>9 P? e P@ 2$//"%5$:3"#9 /"%5"2+,0'#":+"9 Z% (",+&/'% 3$% V'++K#"+/$%
W>9 W? e W@6 O$+" 4&" $ 5$:+$ 3" /"-"/F:2,' $& 2$#&# o :' =,8&/' >?6@@ H
%"("2,$:'3$ '/;,+/'/,'#":+"6 T" ' 2'/8' "%+,0"/ 2$:"2+'3' "# "%+/"('9 $ 5$:+$
o pode ser ligado ao ponto neutro n6 <'/' &#' 2'/8' 2$:"2+'3' "# +/,E:8&($9
o ponto o 5$3" %"/ (,8'3$ ' 4&'(4&"/ 5$:+$6 T"9 5$/ "G"#5($9 $ 5$:+$ o estiver
ligado ao ponto b9 ' ;$;,:' 3" +":%*$ :$ V'++K#"+/$ W? apresenta uma leitura
zero e P? [ P9 ,:3,2':3$ 4&" $ V'++K#"+/$ W? H 3"%:"2"%%C/,$6 <$/+':+$9 3$,%
V'++K#"+/$% %*$ %&12,":+"% 5'/' #"3,/ ' 5$+F:2,' +$+'(6
W1
O método dos dois wattímetros é de modo geral o mais usado para medi- a
)D"% 3" 5$+F:2,' +/,-C%,2'6 Y% 3$,% V'++K#"+/$% 3"0"# "%+'/ (,8'3$% '5/$5/,'- Carga trifásica
3'#":+" ' 3&'% -'%"% 4&',%4&"/9 2$:-$/#" #$%+/'3$ :' =,8&/' >?6@R6 Y;%"/0" (estrela ou
4&" ' ;$;,:' 3" 2$//":+" 3" 2'3' V'++K#"+/$ #"3" ' +":%*$ 3" (,:A'6 <"/2";' b triângulo,
+'#;H# 4&" $ +"/#,:'( 6 3' ;$;,:' 3" +":%*$ "%+C (,8'3$ Z (,:A' :' 4&'( ' balanceada ou
;$;,:' 3" 2$//":+" 2$//"%5$:3":+" "%+C 2$:"2+'3'6 B#;$/' $% V'++K#"+/$% ,:- W2 desbalanceada)
3,0,3&',% :*$ (",'# #',% ' 5$+F:2,' ';%$/0,3' 5$/ 4&'(4&"/ -'%" "# 5'/+,2&('/9 c
' %$#' '(8H;/,2' 3'% (",+&/'% 3$% 3$,% V'++K#"+/$% H ,8&'( Z 5$+F:2,' #H3,'
+$+'( ';%$/0,3' 5"(' 2'/8'9 ,:3"5":3":+"#":+" %" "(' "%+,0"/ 2$:"2+'3' "# "%-
Figura 12.34 \H+$3$ 8/C12$ 3$%
+/"(' $& +/,E:8&($9 " %" "%+,0"/ "4&,(,;/'3' $& :*$6 7 5$+F:2,' /"'( +$+'( H ,8&'( 3$,% V'++K#"+/$% 5'/' #"3,)*$ 3"
Z %$#' '(8H;/,2' 3'% (",+&/'% 3$% 3$,% V'++K#"+/$%9 5$+F:2,' +/,-C%,2'6
#SAMBARILOVE
476 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
(12.62)
]"#$:%+/'/"#$% '4&, 4&" $ #H+$3$ -&:2,$:' 5'/' &# %,%+"#' +/,-C%,2$
"4&,(,;/'3$6
^$:%,3"/"#$% ' 2'/8' 2$:"2+'3' "# "%+/"(' "4&,(,;/'3' 3' =,8&/' >?6@_6
O$%%$ $;X"+,0$ H '5(,2'/ $ #H+$3$ 3$% 3$,% V'++K#"+/$% 5'/' ":2$:+/'/ '
5$+F:2,' #H3,' ';%$/0,3' 5"(' 2'/8'6 T&5$:A' 4&" ' -$:+" "%+"X' :' %"4&F:-
2,' abc " ' ,#5"3E:2,' 3" 2'/8' %"X' ZY = ZYlu6 <$/ 2'&%' 3' ,#5"3E:2,'
3" 2'/8'9 2'3' ;$;,:' 3" +":%*$ "%+C '3,':+'3' "# /"(')*$ Z %&' ;$;,:' 3"
2$//":+" "# u9 3" #$3$ 4&" $ -'+$/ 3" 5$+F:2,' H 2$% u6 `"#;/'#$% 4&" 2'3'
+":%*$ 3" (,:A' "%+C '3,':+'3' "# /"(')*$ Z +":%*$ 3" -'%" 2$//"%5$:3":+" '
@Pa6 <$/+':+$9 ' 3,-"/":)' 3" -'%" +$+'( ":+/" ' 2$//":+" 3" -'%" La e a tensão de
linha Vab H P b @Pa " ' 5$+F:2,' #H3,' (,3' 5"($ V'++K#"+/$ W> é
(12.63)
W1
a
+ Ia
Vab
! Ib ZY ZY
b
! ZY
Vcb
W2
+ Ic
c
]" #$3$ %,#,('/9 5$3"#$% 3"#$:%+/'/ 4&" ' 5$+F:2,' #H3,' (,3' 5"($ V'++K-
#"+/$ ? H
(12.64)
78$/'9 &%'/"#$% '% ,3":+,3'3"% +/,8$:$#H+/,2'%
(12.65)
5'/' 3"+"/#,:'/ ' %$#' " ' 3,-"/":)' 3'% (",+&/'% 3$% 3$,% V'++K#"+/$% :'%
B4&')D"% I>?6c@J " I>?6cRJS
(12.66)
&#' 0"M 4&" ? 2$% @Pa [ 136 ^$#5'/':3$d%" '% B4&')D"% I>?6ccJ " I>?6_PJ9
2$:%+'+'#$% 4&" ' %$#' 3'% (",+&/'% 3$% V'++K#"+/$% -$/:"2" ' 5$+F:2,'
#H3,' +$+'(9
PT P1 P2 (12.67)
(12.68)
XC 4&" ? %": @Pa [ >6 ^$#5'/':3$d%" '% B4&')D"% I>?6ceJ " I>?6_>J9 2$:%+'+'-
#$% 4&" ' 3,-"/":)' ":+/" '% (",+&/'% 3$ V'++K#"+/$ H 5/$5$/2,$:'( Z 5$+F:2,'
/"'+,0' +$+'(9 $& %"X'9
! "#$%&$! '#(! )*+#,-.(! /012345! .! /0123657! #! "8%9:;&#! #"#$.:%.! %8%#<! "8'.! (.$!
8=%&'#!;8>8!(.?+.
(12.70)
@&A&'&:'8B(.!#!)*+#,C8!/012365!".<#!)*+#,C8!/012345!'D!#!%#:?.:%.!'8!E:?+<8!
'8!F#%8$!'.!"8%9:;&#!;8>8!(.?+.
(12.71)
#!"#$%&$!'8!*+#<!"8'.>8(!8=%.$!8!F#%8$!'.!"8%9:;&#!;8>8!GH!I!;8(!u2!J8?87!8!
>K%8'8! '8(! '8&(! L#%%M>.%$8(! :C8! #".:#(! F8$:.;.! #(! "8%9:;&#(! $.#%&A#! .! $.#<!
%8%#&(7! ;8>8! %#>=K>! "8'.! (.$! +(#'8! "#$#! ;#<;+<#$! 8! F#%8$! '.! "8%9:;! @#(!
)*+#,-.(!/0123457!/012365!.!/0124057!;8:;<+M>8(!*+.N
1. Se P1 = P7!#!;#$?#!K!$.(&(%&A#2
2. Se P1 7 P7!#!;#$?#!K!&:'+%&A#2
3. Se P1 6 P7!#!;#$?#!K!;#"#;&%&A#2
)>=8$#!.((.(!$.(+<%#'8(!(.O#>!'.$&A#'8(!'.!+>#!;#$?#!;8:.;%#'#!.>!.(%$.<#!
.*+&<&=$#'#7!.<.(!(C8!&?+#<>.:%.!AD<&'8(!"#$#!+>#!;#$?#!;8:.;%#'#!.>!%$&E:?+-
<8!.*+&<&=$#'#2!):%$.%#:%87!8!>K%8'8!'8(!'8&(!L#%%M>.%$8(!:C8!"8'.!(.$!+(#'8!
"#$#!>.'&,C8!'.!"8%9:;&#!.>!+>!(&(%.>#!%$&FD(&;8!*+#'$&P<#$!#!>.:8(!*+.!#!
;8$$.:%.!#%$#AK(!'#!<&:Q#!:.+%$#!(.O#!R.$82!S(#>8(!8!>K%8'8!'8(!%$9(!L#%%M>.-
%$8(!"#$#!>.'&$!#!"8%9:;&#!$.#<!.>!+>!(&(%.>#!%$&FD(&;8!*+#'$&P<#$2
EXEMPLO 12.13
T$9(!L#%%M>.%$8(!W07!W1 e WU!(C8!&:%.$<&?#'8(7!$.(".;%&A#>.:%.7!V(!F#(.(!a7!b e c para
>.'&$!#!"8%9:;&#!%8%#<!#=(8$A&'#!".<#!;#$?#!;8:.;%#'#!.>!.(%$.<#!:8!)W.>"<8!0126!/A.$!
G&?+$#! 0121U52! /#5! H$.A.O#! #(! <.&%+$#(! '8! L#%%M>.%$82! /=5! @.%.$>&:.! #! "8%9:;&#! %8%#<!
absorvida.
Solução: H#$%.!'8!"$8=<.>#!OD!.(%D!$.(8<A&'#!:8!)W.>"<8!01262!X+"8:Q#!*+.!8(!L#%%M-
>.%$8(!.(%.O#>!#"$8"$&#'#>.:%.!<&?#'8(7!;8>8!:#!G&?+$#!012U32
/#5!@8!)W.>"<8!01267
VAN 100l0 , VBN 100l120 , VCN 100l 120 V
.:*+#:%8
Ia 6,67l0 , Ib 8,94l93,44 , Ic 10l 66,87 A
#SAMBARILOVE
478 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
Ia
A
W1 +
In VAN 15 !
N
10 ! 6!
VBN
j8 !
VCN Ib
+ j5 !
W2 C
B
Ic
+
W3
Y#<;+<#>8(!#(!<.&%+$#(!'8(!L#%%M>.%$8(!;8>8!(.?+.N
/=5! !"8%9:;&#!%8%#<!#=(8$A&'#!K
H8'.>8(!'.%.$>&:#$!#!"8%9:;&#!#=(8$A&'#!".<8(!$.(&(%8$.(!:#!G&?+$#!012U3!.!+(#$!.(%#!
"#$#!A.$&P;#$!8+!;8:P$>#$!.((.!$.(+<%#'82
EXEMPLO 12.14
\!>K%8'8!'8(!'8&(!L#%%M>.%$8(!"$8'+R!#(!(.?+&:%.(!<.&%+$#(N!P0!I!02]3^!_!.!P1!I!120^^!`_7!
*+#:'8!;8:.;%#'8!#!+>#!;#$?#!.>!%$&E:?+<82!X.!#!%.:(C8!'.!<&:Q#!F8$!11^!a7!;#<;+<.N!/#5!
#!"8%9:;&#!>K'&#!"8$!F#(.b!/=5!#!"8%9:;&#!$.#%&A#!"8$!F#(.b!/;5!8!F#%8$!'.!"8%9:;&#b!/'5!#!
&>".'E:;&#!'.!F#(.2
Solução: H8'.>8(!#"<&;#$!8(!$.(+<%#'8(!'#'8(!V!;#$?#!;8:.;%#'#!.>!%$&E:?+<82!/#5! !
"8%9:;&#!>K'&#!8+!$.#<!%8%#<!K
!"8%9:;&#!>K'&#!"8$!F#(.!K!.:%C8
1
Pp PT 1.220 W
3
/=5! !"8%9:;&#!$.#%&A#!%8%#<!K
'.!>8'8!*+.!#!"8%9:;&#!$.#%&A#!"8$!F#(.!K
1
Qp QT 311,77 VAR
3
/;5!\!E:?+<8!'.!"8%9:;&#!K
1 QT 1 935,3
u tg tg 14,33
PT 3.660
!"!#$!$%&'!($)*$+!',-./&$0
*5@(&5!3$A4*#$+&(&$45&$.&("&$.!-*.'&)&$*5$'(/=-"4B!#Vp = VL$D$88H$I>$<$+&('/($)&$
JA4&KL!$:98>EM;#
1.220
Pp Vp Ip cos u 1 Ip 5,723 A
220 0,9689
!"!#
Vp 220
Zp 38,44
Ip 5,723
e
Zp 38,44l14,33
EXEMPLO 12.15
<$.&("&$'(/%[3/.&$*A4/B/@(&)&$-&$6/"4(&$98>FS$'*5$/5+*)=-./&$+!($%&3*$)*$ZY$D$P$\$jM$V.
?*$&$.&("&$*3'/Y*($.!-*.'&)&$&$B/-O&3$)*$8HP$I#$+(*Y*T&$&3$B*/'4(&3$)!3$Q&''R5*'(!3$W9
e W8. Determine PT e QT.
Solução: <$/5+*)=-./&$+!($%&3*$0
ZY 8 j6 10l36,87
)*$5!)!$A4*$!$=-"4B!$)!$67$0$FM#P]G>$^[$A4*$&$'*-3L!$)*$B/-O&$0$VL$D$8HP$I#$&$.!((*-'*$
de linha é
Vp 208 13
IL 12 A
0 ZY 0 10
#SAMBARILOVE
480 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
Então
P1 VL IL cos(u 30 ) 208 12 cos(36,87 30 )
980,48 W
P2 VL IL cos(u 30 ) 208 12 cos(36,87 30 )
2.478,1 W
!"!#$!$Q&''R5*'(!$9$&+(*3*-'&$45&$B*/'4(&$_PH#EP$V#$*-A4&-'!$!$Q&''R5*'(!$8$/-)/.&$
8>E]P#9$V>$N!5!$P8 7 P9#$&$.&("&$0$/-)4'/Y&>$`33!$a.&$*Y/)*-'*$)&$+(b+(/&$.&("&$ZY.
J5$3*"4/)&#
PT P1 P2 3,459 kW
e
QT 13(P2 P1) 13(1.497,6) VAR 2,594 kVAR
Transformador
abaixador
Circuito Circuito Circuito
Parede No 1 No 2 No 3
da casa 120 V 120 V 240 V
Fusível Fusível
Chave
Fusível
Poste
Medidor de Wh
Haste de metal
Terra
para aterramento
Figura 12.37 $ ?/3'*5&$)*$%!(-*./5*-'!$)*$*-*("/&$*B0'(/.&$(*3/)*-./&B$)*$
98Hh8EH$I>$
FonteX$<>$l&(.43$&-)$N>$l>$1O!53!-#$Electricity for Technicians#$8-)$*)/'/!-#$m$9_]S#$+>$F8E>$
n*+(!)4f/)!$.!5$&$+*(5/33L!$)&$7*&(3!-$J)4.&'/!-#$`-.>#$d++*($?&))B*$n/Y*(#$c^>
*
$ c>$)*$1>X$c!$j(&3/B$&3$'*-3k*3$43&)&3$3L!$98]$I$*$88H$I>
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 481
Preto
(fase) B
+ 120 V 120 V
Branco iluminação eletrodomésticos
120 V
(neutro) W 240 V
Terra iluminação
120 V
R 120 V 120 V
+
iluminação eletrodomésticos
Vermelho (fase)
Transformador
Residência
F3-$G&@$H/&$-$3-6",6-$4"!$&B&%,"4"3?!%6."!$?$+,"I&%-4-$+-,-$"+&,-,$."3$89=$>*$-$
6B/36'-C("$&$"!$-+-,&BJ"!$!("$B67-4"!$-$B6'J-!$4&$89=$>*$."'2",3&$6B/!%,-4"$'-$
567/,-$890:K$+-,-$/3$-3#6&'%&0$L"%&$'-$567/,-$890:M$H/&$%"4"!$"!$-+-,&BJ"!$
!("$ B67-4"!$ &3$ +-,-B&B"0$ NB&%,"4"3?!%6."!$ +"%&'%&!$ H/&$ ."'!"3&3$ 7,-'4&!$
.",,&'%&!*$."3"$-,O."'46.6"'-4"*$3EH/6'-!$4&$B-G-,$B"/C-$&$,"/+-*$&$2",'"!*$
!("$B67-4"!$P$B6'J-$4&$9Q=$>0
R",$.-/!-$4"!$+&,67"!$4-$&B&%,6.64-4&*$-$6'!%-B-C("$&B?%,6.-$&3$,&!64S'- Soquetes de lâmpadas
.6-!$?$,&7/B-3&'%-4-$."3$./64-4"$+",$/3$.T467"$&B-#",-4"$+&B-!$B&6!$B".-6!$
&$+&B"$LN1$ National Electrical Code)0$R-,-$&G6%-,$+,"#B&3-!*$!("$/!-4"!$
6!"B-3&'%"*$-%&,,-3&'%"*$2/!UG&6!$&$46!I/'%",&!0$V!$'",3-!$4&$D-C("$3"4&,- Chave
'-!$&W67&3$/3$%&,.&6,"$D"$+-,-$/3$%&,,-$!&+-,-4"0$X$D"$%&,,-$'("$.-,,&7-$ Tomadas
&'&,76-$ ."3"$ "$ D"$ '&/%,"*$ +",?3*$ +&,36%&$ H/&$ "!$ -+-,&BJ"!$ %&'J-3$ /3-$ Neutro
."'&W("$%&,,-$!&+-,-4-0$V$567/,-$890Q=$3"!%,-$-$."'&W("$4&$/3$,&.&+%E./B"$ 120 volts
-$/3-$B6'J-$4&$89=$>$YZ[$&$-"$%&,,-0$1"3"$&W+"!%"$'-$D7/,-*$-$B6'J-$'&/%,-$
?$."'&.%-4-$-"$%&,,-$&3$GE,6"!$B".-6!$.,/.6-6!0$N3#",-$-$B6'J-$4&$%&,,-$+-,&C-$ Condutor não aterrado
,&4/'4-'%&*$"$-%&,,-3&'%"$?$63+",%-'%&$+",$46G&,!-!$,-@<&!0$R,63&6,"*$&B-$?$
&W6764-$+&B-$LN10$[&7/'4"*$"$-%&,,-3&'%"$2",'&.&$/3$.-36'J"$."'G&'6&'- Figura 12.39 $ \6-7,-3-$4&$D-C("$
%&$ 4"$ %&,,-$ +-,-$ -$ 4&!.-,7-$ &B?%,6.-$ H/&$ -%6'7&$ -$ B6'J-$ 4&$ 2",'&.63&'%"$ 4&$ ."3/3$4&$/3-$!-B-0$
&'&,76-0$N$%&,.&6,"*$"!$%&,,-!$36'636@-3$"$,6!."$4&$.J"H/&$&B?%,6."0$X$H/&$ Fonte]$V0$Z-,./!$-'4$10$Z0$^J"3!"'*$
+,"G".-$.J"H/&$?$-$+-!!-7&3$4&$.",,&'%&$4&$/3-$+-,%&$4"$.",+"$+-,-$"/%,-0$ Electricity for Technicians*$9'4$&46%6"'*$_$
8KM`*$+0$:9`0$Y&+,"4/@64"$."3$-$+&,36!!("$
X$.",+"$J/3-'"$2/'.6"'-$."3"$/3$7,-'4&$,&!6!%",$R. Se V for a diferença 4-$R&-,!"'$N4/.-%6"'*$A'.0*$F++&,$[-44B&$
Y6G&,*$La0
Fusível ou disjuntor
Fase
Tomada
4&$+"%&'.6-B$&'%,&$"$.",+"$&$"$%&,,-*$-$.",,&'%&$-%,-G?!$4"$.",+"$J/3-'"$?$
4&%&,36'-4-$+&B-$B&6$4&$XJ3$."3"$!&7/&
V
I (12.73)
R
O valor de R$G-,6-$4&$+&!!"-$+-,-$+&!!"-$&$4&+&'4&$4&$"$.",+"$&!%-,$3"BJ-4"$
"/$!&."0$V$6'%&'!64-4&$&$-$7,-G64-4&$4&$/3$.J"H/&$%-3#?3$4&+&'4&$4-$H/-'-
%64-4&$4&$.",,&'%&*$4"$%,-I&%"$-%,-G?!$4"$.",+"$&$4"$%&3+"$H/&$"$.",+"$D.-$&W-
+"!%"$P$.",,&'%&0$1",,&'%&!$3&'",&!$H/&$8$3V$%-BG&@$'("$!&I-3$+,&I/46.6-6!$-"$
.",+"$J/3-'"*$+",?3*$.",,&'%&!$3-6",&!$H/&$8=$3V$+"4&3$+,"G".-,$/3$.J"-
H/&$7,-G&0$F3$3"4&,'"$46!+"!6%6G"$4&$!&7/,-'C-$?$"$interruptor de circuito
por falha de aterramento$ b51A)$/!-4"$&3$.6,./6%"!$6'%&,'"!$&$&3$#-'J&6,"!*$
"'4&$"$,6!."$4&$.J"H/&$&B?%,6."$?$3-6",0$NB&$?*$#-!6.-3&'%&*$/3$46!I/'%",$H/&$
-#,&$H/-'4"$-$!"3-$4-!$.",,&'%&!$iR*$iW e iB -%,-G?!$4-!$B6'J-!$G&,3&BJ-*$#,-'.-$
&$+,&%-$'("$?$67/-B$-$@&,"*$"/$!&I-*$iR$c$iW $c$iB Þ$=0
V$3&BJ",$3-'&6,-$4&$!&$&G6%-,$/3$.J"H/&$&B?%,6."$?$!&7/6,$-!$'",3-!$4&$
!&7/,-'C-$,&2&,&'%&!$-$!6!%&3-!$&$-+-,&BJ"!$&B?%,6."!0$N6!$-B7/3-!$4&B-!]$
d$ a$ -3-6!$ ."'.B/-$ +",$ -'%&.6+-C("$ H/&$ /3$ .6,./6%"$ &B?%,6."$ &!%E$ 4&!B67-4"0$
[&3+,&$G&,6DH/&$+-,-$.&,%6D.-,O!&0
d$ $e/-'4"$'&.&!!E,6"*$/!&$46!+"!6%6G"!$4&$!&7/,-'C-$&$!&$+,"%&I-$-4&H/-4--
3&'%&$ !-+-%"!$."3$6!"B-3&'%"*$B/G-!$&%.0)
d$ $a-3-6!$/!&$-3#-!$-!$3("!$-"$%&!%-,$.6,./6%"!$4&$-B%-$%&'!("*$IE$H/&$-$.",-
,&'%&$H/&$+-!!-$4&$/3-$3("$+-,-$-$"/%,-$%&3$."'&W("$46,&%-$."3$"$+&6%"$
&$"$.",-C("0
d$ $L("$%"H/&$&3$/3$-+-,&BJ"$&B?%,6."$H/-'4"$&!%6G&,$3"BJ-4"0$f&3#,&O!&$4&$
H/&$-$E7/-$."'4/@$&B&%,6.64-4&0$
d$ $[&I-$&W%,&3-3&'%&$.-/%&B"!"$-"$%,-#-BJ-,$."3$-+-,&BJ"!$&B&%,g'6."!$."3"$
,E46"$&$^>*$+"6!$&!!&!$-+-,&BJ"!$%S3$.-+-.6%",&!$4&$7,-'4&$+",%&$&3$!&/$
6'%&,6",0$X!$.-+-.6%",&!$B&G-3$%&3+"$+-,-$4&!.-,,&7-,$-+T!$-$&'&,76-$%&,$
sido desligada.
d$ Sempre tenha outra pessoa presente ao trabalhar em um sistema de insta-
B-C("$&B?%,6.-*$+-,-$-I/4-$&3$.-!"$4&$-.64&'%&!0$
_____________________________________________________________________
12.11 Resumo
1. [&H/S'.6-$4&$2-!&!$?$-$",4&3$'-$H/-B$".",,&3$-!$%&'!<&!$4&$2-!&$4&$/3$
7&,-4",$%,62E!6."$&3$,&B-C("$-"$%&3+"0$N3$/3-$!&H/S'.6-$abc$4&$%&'!<&!$
4&$2"'%&$&H/6B6#,-4-!*$Van está adiantada em relação a Vbn$4&$89=h$H/&*$+",$
!/-$G&@*$&!%E$-46-'%-4-$&3$,&B-C("$-$Vcn$+",$89=h0$N3$/3-$!&H/S'.6-$acb
4&$%&'!<&!$&H/6B6#,-4-!*$Van está adiantada em relação a Vcn$+",$89=h$H/&*$
+",$!/-$G&@*$&!%E$-46-'%-4-$&3$,&B-C("$-$Vbn$+",$89=h0
2. F3-$.-,7-$."'&.%-4-$&3$%,6i'7/B"$"/$&3$&!%,&B-$?$-H/&B-$'-$H/-B$-!$63+&-
4i'.6-!$%,62E!6.-!$!("$67/-6!0$
3. V$2",3-$3-6!$2E.6B$4&$-'-B6!-,$/3$.6,./6%"$%,62E!6."$&H/6B6#,-4"$?$%,-'!-
2",3-,$%-'%"$-$2"'%&$H/-'%"$-$.-,7-$&3$/3$!6!%&3-$&!%,&B-O&!%,&B-$&$&'%("$
-'-B6!-,$ "$ .6,./6%"$ 3"'"2E!6."$ &H/6G-B&'%&0$V$^-#&B-$ 8908$ -+,&!&'%-$ /3$
,&!/3"$4-!$2T,3/B-!$+-,-$-!$.",,&'%&!$&$%&'!<&!$4&$2-!&*$&$-!$.",,&'%&!$&$
%&'!<&!$4&$B6'J-$+-,-$-!$H/-%,"$."'D7/,-C<&!$+"!!UG&6!0
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 483
4. V$.",,&'%&$4&$B6'J-$IL$?$-$.",,&'%&$j/6'4"$4"$7&,-4",$+-,-$-$.-,7-$&3$.-4-$
B6'J-$ 4&$ %,-'!36!!("$ &3$ /3$ !6!%&3-$ %,62E!6."0$V$ %&'!("$ 4&$ B6'J-$ VL é a
%&'!("$&'%,&$.-4-$+-,$4&$B6'J-!*$&W.B/6'4"$-$B6'J-$'&/%,-*$.-!"$&B-$&W6!%-0$
V$.",,&'%&$4&$2-!&$Ip$?$-$.",,&'%&$H/&$j/6$+",$2-!&$&3$/3-$.-,7-$%,62E!6.-0$
A tensão de fase Vp$?$-$%&'!("$4&$.-4-$2-!&0$R-,-$/3-$.-,7-$."'&.%-4-$&3$
&!%,&B-*
VL 13Vp e IL Ip
R-,-$/3-$.-,7-$."'&.%-4-$&3$%,6i'7/B"*
VL Vp e IL 13Ip
5. V$+"%S'.6-$6'!%-'%i'&-$%"%-B$&3$/3$!6!%&3-$%,62E!6."$&H/6B6#,-4"$?$."'!-
%-'%&$&$67/-B$P$+"%S'.6-$3?46-0
6. V$+"%S'.6-$."3+B&W-$%"%-B$-#!",G64-$+",$/3-$.-,7-$%,62E!6.-$&H/6B6#,-4-$
."'&.%-4-$&3$&!%,&B-$"/$&3$%,6i'7/B"$?
S P jQ 13VL ILlu
onde u$?$"$i'7/B"$4-!$63+&4i'.6-!$4&$.-,7-0
7. F3$!6!%&3-$%,62E!6."$4&!&H/6B6#,-4"$+"4&$!&,$-G-B6-4"$+",$3&6"$4&$-'EB6!&$
nodal ou de malhas.
8. O PSpice$?$/!-4"$+-,-$-'-B6!-,$.6,./6%"!$%,62E!6."!$4-$3&!3-$2",3-$H/&$?$
&3+,&7-4"$+-,-$-G-B6-,$.6,./6%"!$3"'"2E!6."!0
9. V$+"%S'.6-$,&-B$%"%-B$?$3&464-$&3$!6!%&3-!$%,62E!6."!$/!-'4"$"$3?%"4"$4"!$
%,S!$k-%%U3&%,"!$"/$"$3?%"4"$4"!$4"6!$k-%%U3&%,"!0
10.$ V$D-C("$&3$,&!64S'.6-!$/!-$/3$!6!%&3-$%,6DB-,$3"'"2E!6."$4&$89=l9Q=$>0
12.10#$#5+&:(74-#&+&-=#*+8('74!-#-#23-#7-89-#'3#&846(92=+#'G24-
=4A8-!-#L#'(7+(&8-!-#!-#3'%3-#*+83-#G2'#5-8-#23-#7-89-#
em estrela.
Respostas: 12.1a; 12.2a; 12.3c; 12.4a; 12.5b; 12.6e; 12.7c;
-"# @'8!-!'48+## A"# *-=%+ 12.8b; 12.9a; 12.10a.
Problemas1
$#435'!6(74-#!'#7-89-#5+8#*-%'#L#._#]#j.J#V#'#-#435'!6(-
Seção 12.3 Conexão estrela-estrela 74-#!'#=4(?-#5+8#*-%'#L#.#]#j/#V;#P'&'834('#-%#7+88'(&'%#!'#
equilibrada =4(?-#'#-#7+88'(&'#!+#('2&8+;
12.6 U+(%4!'8'# -# V4928-# ./;N.# '# '=-A+8'# 23# 58+A='3-# 5-8-# 12.10#R-8-#+#748724&+#!-#V4928-#./;NJ>#!'&'834('#-#7+88'(&'#(-#
-O2!-8# +2&8+%# '%&2!-(&'%# -# '(&'(!'8# 3'=?+8# -# 7+('S,+# linha neutra.
'%&8'=-B'%&8'=-#'G24=4A8-!-;
2!
VP 0° V
a A R jXL
−+ +
440 0"#V 25 j10 !
2!
VP −120° V +
b B R jXL
n −+ N 20 !
440 120"#V
10 + j5 !
VP 120° V 440 120"#V +
c C R jXL
2!
−+
.
!"#$%"&'" (" )*"+ ',-./ "'0"1231,45/ 1/67%8%2,+ 7/(/' /' .,-/%"' (" 7"6'9"' " 1/%%"67"' '5/ :;<=
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 485
Ia Z
A Zl ZY
a c
+ VP 0° V
− Figura 12.48 O')*"#, 0,%, / P%/$-"#, BC=BQ=
n Z∆ Z∆
12.16 Y#, 1,%@, 1/6"17,(, "# 7%2?6@*-/ ")*2-2$%,(, 0/''*2
VP 120° V +− − VP −120° V *#, 1/%%"67" (" E,'" IAC H Q –30 A.
+
Ib Z,[ \"7"%#26" ,' 7%G' 1/%%"67"' (" -26N, '*0/6(/ )*" /
Z∆
c 12%1*27/ /0"%, 6, '")*G612, (" E,'"' 0/'272.,=
C
b B Z$[ M,-1*-" , 2#0"(?612, (" 1,%@, '" , 7"6'5/ (" -26N, E/%
Ic
VAB H BBI 0 J=
12.17 Y#, 1,%@, 1/6"17,(, "# 7%2?6@*-/ ")*2-2$%,(, 7"# 1/%-
Figura 12.45 O')*"#, 0,%, / P%/$-"#, BC=BC= rente de linha Ia H Q –25 ]= \"7"%#26" ,' 1/%%"67"' ("
fase IAB+ IBC e ICA.
12.13 >/ '2'7"#, 7%2E8'21/ "'7%"-,&7%2?6@*-/ ")*2-2$%,(/ (, A2-
12.18 Se Van H CCI 60 J 6/ 12%1*27/ (, A2@*%, BC=D^+ ("7"%#2-
@*%, BC=DT+ ("7"%#26" , 1/%%"67" (" -26N, IL " , 0/7G6-
6"+ 0,%, , 1,%@,+ ,' 1/%%"67" (" E,'" IAB+ IBC e ICA.
12, #F(2, -2$"%,(, 0,%, , 1,%@,=
a A
110 0° V RMS Gerador
2V
trifásico 12 j9
−+
conectado
em estrela j9 12
92j6 V
110 2120° V RMS 2 V
(+) Sequência b C
−+ B
92j6 V de fase 12 j9
positiva c
92j6 V
110 120° V RMS Figura 12.49 O')*"#, 0,%, / P%/$-"#, BC=BW=
2V
−+
Seção 12.5 Conexão triângulo-triângulo
Figura 12.46 O')*"#, 0,%, / P%/$-"#, BC=BL=
equilibrada
12.14 U$7"6N, ,' 1/%%"67"' (" -26N, 6/ 12%1*27/ 7%2E8'21/ (, A2- 12.19 P,%, / 12%1*27/ 7%2?6@*-/&7%2?6@*-/ (, A2@*%, BC=QI+ 1,-1*-
@*%, BC=DV= -" ,' 1/%%"67"' (" -26N, " (" E,'"=
#SAMBARILOVE
486 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
+ "V
Figura 12.51 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0/10 ! bc
10 ! j8
3 + j2 Ic
12.21'2)3!'4$)&5*)$!'5$'/61'7'8*)%&%'#%&'8*9:$';*9$;:&5&'$%'
c
:)<=94#-*'"#$'>';*9$;:&5&'&'#%&';&)4&'$%':)<=94#-*'$"#<-
-<,)&5&';*%'ZL ?'.1'@'jA'V'(*)'8&!$B';*98*)%$'%*!:)&5*' Figura 12.54 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0/D0
9&'C<4#)&'./0D/0
12.26 [*9!<5$)$'&'C<4#)&'./0DD'$'$-&,*)$'#%'()*,-$%&'(&)&'&\#-
E&F' G$:$)%<9$'*'H&-*)'5$'IAC. dar outros estudantes a entender melhor fontes em delta
E,F' I#&-'>'*'H&-*)'5$'IbBJ $"#<-<,)&5&!'"#$'&-<%$9:&%';&)4&!'$%'$!:)$-&'$"#<-<,)&5&!0
a A I aA
a A
ZL ZL
230 120° +− + 230 0°
− Gerador R
b B trifásico − jXC
c −+ C conectado em
N − jX
ZL triângulo C
230 –120°
I bB R
(+) Sequência b − jXC
Figura 12.52 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0/.0 de fase R C
positiva B
I cC
12.22'G$:$)%<9$'&!';*))$9:$!'IaB'Ib e Ic'9*';<);#<:*':)<8K!<;*'5&' c
C<4#)&'./0D6'&'!$4#<)0'L5*:$'Z¢'?'./'M'jD'VB'ZY ?'N'@'jO'V
e Zl'?'/'V. Figura 12.55 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0/O0
Zl Ia
A
ZY
Z$ Z$
440 12!"#V# + + 440 !"#V#
Zl Ib
ZY ZY
+ C
B
440 12!"#V# Zl Ic Z$
12.29'P%'!<!:$%&':)<8K!<;*'$!:)$-&^:)<=94#-*'$"#<-<,)&5*'(*!!#<' 12.38'G&5*'*';<);#<:*'5&'C<4#)&'./0Dg'&'!$4#<)B'5$:$)%<9$'&'(*-
Van'?'/N1' 0 ''7'STU'$'Z¢'?'D.'M'jND'V0'U$'&'<%($5=9- :39;<&';*%(-$a&':*:&-'&,!*)H<5&'($-&';&)4&0
;<&'5$'-<9R&'(*)'8&!$'8*)'1BN'@'j.B/'VB'5$:$)%<9$'&'(*:39;<&' 1Ω j2 Ω
;*%(-$a&':*:&-'(&)&'&';&)4&0
9Ω
12.30'Z&'C<4#)&'./0DOB'*'H&-*)'STU'5&':$9!Q*'5$'-<9R&'>'/1A'70' 110 0° V +−
110 240° V
G$:$)%<9$'&'(*:39;<&'%>5<&'-<,$)&5&'(&)&'&';&)4&0 1Ω j2 Ω 9Ω j12 Ω j12 Ω
−+
a A j12 Ω
+ −
Va Vb ZL + 110 120° V 9Ω
n b B N ZL 1Ω j2 Ω
+
Z L = 30 45!
+ 1Ω j2 Ω
Vc
c C
Figura 12.57 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./06A0
Figura 12.56 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0610
12.39'G$:$)%<9$'&'(*:39;<&')$&-'&,!*)H<5&'($-&';&)4&'9&'C<4#)&'
12.31'P%&';&)4&';*9$;:&5&'$%':)<=94#-*'$"#<-<,)&5&'>'&-<%$9- ./0DA0
:&5&'(*)'#%&'8*9:$':)<8K!<;&'5$'O1'_`';*%':$9!Q*'5$'-<9R&'
5 A
<4#&-'&'/N1'70'[&5&'8&!$'5&';&)4&'&,!*)H$'O'bc';*%'8&:*)' a
5$'(*:39;<&'<4#&-'&'1BA'E&:)&!&5*F0'G$:$)%<9$d j6 4
E&F' L'<%($5=9;<&'5$';&)4&'(*)'8&!$0 100 120"#V +! + 100 0"#V
!
E,F' L';*))$9:$'5$'-<9R&0 8 j3
5 10
E;F' e'H&-*)'5&';&(&;<:=9;<&'9$;$!!K)<&'(&)&'!$)';*9$;:&- c !+ C
b B
5&0'$%'(&)&-$-*';*%';&5&'8&!$'5&';&)4&'(&)&'%<9<%<- 100 !120"#V
`&)'&';*))$9:$'5&'8*9:$0 5
12.32 Elabore um problema para ajudar outros estudantes Figura 12.58 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0120
&' $9:$95$)' %$-R*)' &' (*:39;<&' $%' #%' !<!:$%&' :)<8K!<;*'
$"#<-<,)&5*0 12.40'+&)&'*'34)3#45*'5)467!43*'8&'94:#)&'./0;2<'=$5$)%48$'&'(*-
12.33'P%&'8*9:$':)<8K!<;&'-<,$)&'NBA'b7L'(&)&'#%&';&)4&';*9$;- 5>834&'%?=4&'&,!*)@4=&'($-&'3&):&'3*8$35&=&'$%'5)4A8:#-*'
:&5&'$%'$!:)$-&';*%':$9!Q*'5$'8&!$'<4#&-'&'/1A'7'$'8&:*)' 3*%'Z¢'B'/.'C'j/D'V.
5$'(*:39;<&'1Bf'E&:)&!&5*F0'[&-;#-$'&';*))$9:$'$'&':$9!Q*' 100 "#$V RMS
1 j0,5
de linha da fonte. !+
12.34'P%&';&)4&';*9$;:&5&'$%'$!:)$-&'$"#<-<,)&5&';*%'<%($-
5=9;<&'(*)'8&!$'5$'.1'M'j.O'V'>';*9$;:&5&'&'#%'4$)&5*)' Z%
100 !12"#$V RMS
:)<8K!<;*'$"#<-<,)&5*';*%':$9!Q*'5$'-<9R&'//1'70'G$:$)%<- 1 j0,5
9$' &' ;*))$9:$' 5$' -<9R&' $' &' (*:39;<&' ;*%(-$a&' &,!*)H<5&' !+ Z%
($-&';&)4&0
Z%
12.35 2)3!' <%($5=9;<&!' <4#&<!B' 5$' O1' @' j61' V' ;&5&B' !Q*' -<4&5&!' 100 12"#$$V RMS
1 j0,5
$%':)<=94#-*'&'#%';<);#<:*':)<8K!<;*'5$'/61'7'STU0'e#:)&!' !+
:)3!'<%($5=9;<&!'<4#&<!B'5$'N1'@'j.1'V';&5&B'!Q*'-<4&5&!'$%'
$!:)$-&'9*'%$!%*';<);#<:*'$'9*!'%$!%*!'(*9:*!0'G$:$)%<9$d Figura 12.59 ' !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0DE0
#SAMBARILOVE
488 Fundamentos de circuitos elétricos
12.41'F%&' 3&):&' 3*8$35&=&' $%' 5)4A8:#-*' $"#4-4,)&=&' &,!*)@$' Seção 12.8 Sistemas trifásicos
;'GH'3*%'6&5*)'=$'(*5>834&'E<I'J&5)&!&=*K0'L$'*'!4!5$%&' desequilibrados
5)467!43*'54@$)'#%&'5$8!M*'=$'-48N&'$O3&P'4:#&-'&'DEE'Q<'
=$5$)%48$'&'3*))$85$'=$'-48N&0 12.51'V*8!4=$)$'*'!4!5$%&'5)4A8:#-*S5)4A8:#-*'%*!5)&=*'8&'94-
:#)&'./0_E0'Y=*5$'Z.'B'I'T'j_'V<'Z/'B'D</'C'j/</'V e Z1 =
12.42'F%' :$)&=*)' 5)467!43*' $"#4-4,)&=*' -4,$)&' R</' GH' (&S .E'T'jE'V.
)&'#%&'3&):&'3*8$35&=&'$%'$!5)$-&'=$'4%($=A834&'1E'T'
jDE'V'(*)'6&!$0'U$5$)%48$'&'3*))$85$'=$'-48N&'IL e a ten- a A
são de linha VL.
12.43'V*8!#-5$' &' 94:#)&' ./0DI0' W,5$8N&' &' (*5>834&' 3*%(-$X&' + Z1
240 0! V + 240 120! V Z3
&,!*)@4=&'($-&!'3&):&!'&!!*34&=&!0
12.44'F%&'-48N&'5)467!43&'5$%'4%($=A834&'=$'.'T'j1'V por fase. Z2
c C
Y'-48N&'&-4%$85&'#%&'3&):&'3*8$35&=&'$%'5)4A8:#-*'$"#4- b + B
-4,)&=&'"#$'&,!*)@$'#%&'(*5>834&'3*%(-$X&'5*5&-'=$'./'T' 240 120! V
j;'GQY0'L$'&'5$8!M*'=$'-48N&'8*'-&=*'=&'3&):&'54@$)'%&:84-
5#=$'=$'/DE'Q<'3&-3#-$'&'%&:845#=$'=&'5$8!M*'=$'-48N&'8*' Figura 12.60 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0;.0
-&=*'=&'6*85$'$'*'6&5*)'=$'(*5>834&'=&'6*85$0'
J&K' U$5$)%48$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'6&!$'IAB<'IBC e ICA.
12.45'F%&'3&):&'$%'$!5)$-&'$"#4-4,)&=&'?'3*8$35&=&'&'#%':$-
)&=*)'(*)'%$4*'=$'#%&'-48N&'=$'5)&8!%4!!M*'$"#4-4,)&=&' J,K' V&-3#-$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'-48N&'IaA<'IbB e IcC.
3*%'4%($=A834&'E<;'T'j/'V'(*)'6&!$0'L$'&'3&):&'8*%48&-' 12.52'F%'34)3#45*'$!5)$-&S$!5)$-&'"#&=)4O-&)'(*!!#4'
6*)'D;E'GH<'6&5*)'=$'(*5>834&'E<REI'J&5)&!&=*K'$'5$8!M*'=$'
-48N&'DDE'Q<'=$5$)%48$'&'5$8!M*'=$'-48N&'8*':$)&=*)0 Van 120l120 , Vbn 120l0
12.46'F%&'3&):&'5)467!43&'?'6*)%&=&'(*)'5)>!')$!4!5*)$!'=$'.EE'V Vcn 120l 120 V
"#$'(*=$%'!$)'-4:&=*!'$%'5)4A8:#-*'*#'$%'$!5)$-&0'U$5$)-
%48$'"#$'3*8$XM*'&,!*)@$)7'&'%&4*)'(*5>834&'%?=4&'=$' !$'&!'4%($=A834&!'6*)$%
#%&'6*85$'5)467!43&'3*%'5$8!M*'=$'-48N&'..E'Q0'L#(*8N&'
4%($=A834&'=$'-48N&'4:#&-'&'P$)*0 ZAN 20l60 , ZBN 30l0
Zcn 40l30
12.47'Z)>!'3&):&!'5)467!43&!'&!!*34&=&!'$%'(&)&-$-*'!M*'&-4%$8-
5&=&!'(*)'#%&'6*85$'5)467!43&'$"#4-4,)&=&[
=$5$)%48$'&'3*))$85$'8&'-48N&'=*'8$#5)*0
V&):&'.['/;E'GQY<'9+'B'E<I'J&5)&!&=*K
12.53 V*8!4=$)$'&'94:#)&'./0_.'$'$-&,*)$'#%'()*,-$%&'"#$'&\#-
V&):&'/['1EE'GQY<'9+'B'E<2;'J&=4&85&=*K =$'*#5)*!'$!5#=&85$!'&'$85$8=$)'%$-N*)'!4!5$%&!'5)467!43*!'
V&):&'1['D;E'GQY<'9+'#8457)4* 8M*'$"#4-4,)&=*!0
L$' &' 5$8!M*' =$' -48N&' 6*)' .1<I' GQ<' 3&-3#-$' &' 3*))$85$' =$' Ia
-48N&'$'*'6&5*)'=$'(*5>834&'=&'6*85$0'L#(*8N&'"#$'&'4%($-
=A834&'=$'-48N&'!$\&'P$)*0 Vp 0°
+ jXL
12.48'F%&'6*85$'3*8$35&=&'$%'$!5)$-&'$"#4-4,)&=&'$'=$'!$"#>8- −
34&' (*!454@&' 5$%' Van' B' /DE 0 ' Q' ]^L' $' &-4%$85&' #%&'
3&):&' 3*8$35&=&' $%' 5)4A8:#-*' =$!$"#4-4,)&=&' (*)' %$4*' Vp 120° Vp −120°
=$' #%&' -48N&' =$' 5)&8!%4!!M*' =$' 4%($=A834&' /' T' j1' V +
− −
+
R2
por fase. R1
Ib
J&K' V&-3#-$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'-48N&'(&)&'ZAB'B'DE'T'j.;'V<'
ZBC'B'_E'V e ZCA'B'.I'C'j./'V. Ic
J,K' U$5$)%48$'&'(*5>834&'3*%(-$X&'6*)8$34=&'($-&'6*85$0
12.49'V&=&'3&):&'=$'6&!$'?'3*8!545#`=&'(*)'#%')$!4!5*)'=$'/E'V e Figura 12.61 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0;10
#%&')$&5A834&'48=#54@&'=$'.E'V. Com uma tensão de linha
4:#&-'&'//E'Q']^L<'3&-3#-$'&'(*5>834&'%?=4&'&,!*)@4=&' 12.54'F%&'6*85$'5)467!43&'3*8$35&=&'$%'$!5)$-&'$"#4-4,)&=&'3*%'
($-&'3&):&'!$[ Vp'B'/.E'Q']^L'&-4%$85&'#%&'3&):&'5)467!43&'3*8$35&=&'
$%'$!5)$-&'3*%'4%($=A834&'(*)'6&!$'ZA'B'IE'V<'ZB =
J&K' Y!'3&):&!'5)467!43&!'$!54@$)$%'3*8$35&=&!'$%'5)4A8:#-*0 _E'T'j2E'V e ZC = jIE'V0'V&-3#-$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'-48N&'$'
J,K' Y!'3&):&!'$!54@$)$%'3*8$35&=&!'$%'$!5)$-&0 &'(*5>834&'3*%(-$X&'5*5&-'-4,$)&=&'(&)&'&'3&):&0'L#(*8N&'
12.50'F%&' 6*85$' 5)467!43&' $"#4-4,)&=&' 3*%' VL' B' /DE' Q' ]^L' "#$'*!'8$#5)*!'$!5$\&%'485$)-4:&=*!0
6*)8$3$'I'GQY'3*%'6&5*)'=$'(*5>834&'E<_'J&5)&!&=*K'(&)&' 12.55'F%&' 6*85$' 5)467!43&' 3*%' 5$8!M*' =$' -48N&' /DE'Q' ]^L' $'
=#&!'3&):&!'$%'(&)&-$-*'-4:&=&!'$%'$!5)$-&0'L$'#%&'3&):&' 6&!$'(*!454@&'5$%'#%&'3&):&'3*8$35&=&'$%'5)4A8:#-*'=$!$-
&,!*)@$' 1' GH' 3*%' 6&5*)' =$' (*5>834&' #8457)4*<' 3&-3#-$' &' "#4-4,)&=&<'3*86*)%$'48=43&=*'8&'94:#)&'./0_/0'U$5$)%4-
4%($=A834&'(*)'6&!$'8&'!$:#8=&'3&):&0 8$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'6&!$'$'&'(*5>834&'3*%(-$X&'5*5&-0
#SAMBARILOVE
Capítulo 12 Circuitos trifásicos 489
220 "#$V + Z2
Figura 12.62 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0;;0 !
4
12.56 V*8!4=$)$'&'94:#)&'./0_1'$'$-&,*)$'#%'()*,-$%&'(&)&'&\#-
dar outros estudantes a entender melhor os sistemas trifá- Figura 12.66 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0>50
!43*!'8M*'$"#4-4,)&=*!0
a A 12.61'N&7*'*'A<)A#<:*'7&';<=#)&'./0>2F'#!$'*'PSpice ou Multi-
jXL Sim'(&)&'7$:$)%<6&)'&!'A*))$6:$!'IaA e a tensão VBN.
VP 0° V +−
b B 240 "#$V
−+ − jXC a 4 j3 A 10 j15
!+
VP 120° V + − VP –120° V
R
c C ! j36 ! j36
Figura 12.63 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0;_0 240 !12"#$V
b 4 j3 B 10 j15
n !+ N
12.57'U$5$)%48$'&!'3*))$85$!'=$'-48N&'(&)&'*'34)3#45*'5)467!43*'=&'
94:#)&'./0_D0'L$\&'Va'B'..E 0 '<'Vb'B'..El 120 e Vc =
..E 120 'Q0 ! j36
Ia 240 12"#$$V
c 4 j3 10 j15
!+
C
Va + 80 + j50
! Figura 12.67 !"#$%&'(&)&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0>.0
12.62 O*6!<7$)$' &' ;<=#)&' ./0>P' $' $-&,*)$' #%' ()*,-$%&' (&)&'
20 + j30 60 – j40
&J#7&)'*#:)*!'$!:#7&6:$!'&'$6:$67$)'%$-Q*)'A*%*'#!&)'*'
Vc +! ! PSpice ou MultiSim'(&)&'&6&-<!&)'A<)A#<:*!':)<9?!<A*!0
+
Ib
Rlinha Llinha A R
a
Ic
Rlinha Llinha B C
Seção 12.9 PSpice para circuitos VL 120° V − b N
+
trifásicos
12.58'3$!*-4&'*'+)*,-$%&'./0.5'#!&67*'*'PSpice ou MultiSim. + VL −120° V
−
12.59'8'9*6:$'7&';<=#)&'./0>1'$!:?'$"#<-<,)&7&'$'&()$!$6:&'#%&' Rlinha Llinha C L
!$"#@6A<&'7$'9&!$!'(*!<:<4&0'B$'f'C'>5'DEF'#!$'*'PSpice ou
MultiSim para determinar VANF'VBN e VCN. c
100 !"V +# 12.63'H!$' *' PSpice ou MultiSim' (&)&' 7$:$)%<6&)' &!' A*))$6:$!'
b B 40 $ 0,2 mF
IaA e IaC'6*'!<!:$%&':)<9?!<A*'7$!$"#<-<,)&7*'%*!:)&7*'6&'
n #+ N
10 mF ;<=#)&'./0>G0'B$J&
+#
c C Zl 2 j, Z1 40 j20 ,
220!!!0"!V Z1
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