Presente Simple

 TO BE (ser o estar)  (is, am, are)

PP

I -------------------------- am

You----------------------- are

He

She is

It

We -------------------------are

They------------------------are

A/AN (un, uno, una)

A ---- consonante_ _ _

AN---- vocal _ _ _ _

A computer

An Apple

A University //// pronunciación yiuniversity

An Umbrella ///// pronunciación ambrella

A: PP+AUX+C

A:You are a doctor

N: PP+AUX+NOT+C

N: You are not a doctor.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+C+?

Q:Are you a doctor?

Yes, You are

No, You are not.

 VERBOS REGULARE/ IREGULARES  (do, does)

PP WH QUESTIONS

I -------------------------- do What …. Que

You----------------------- do Where ….Donde

He Who ….. Quien

She does When ….. Cuando

It Why ….. Porque

We -------------------------do How …. Como

They------------------------do

A: PP+Vir/regPS+C. Ojo. Usamos DO, DOES

para(negativa, preguntas,
A: You play soccer. respuestas afirmativas y
N: PP+AUX+NOT+Vir/regFB+C negativas)

N: You do not play soccer. Cuando tengamos DO, DOES,

en cualquier tipo de oración, el
Q: WH+AUX+PP+Vir/regFB+C+? verbo iregular o regular debe ir
en su Forma Base.
Q:Do you play soccer?

Yes, You do
Cuando hablemos de He, she,
No, You do not. it, el verbo en su forma base
debe tener una S al final.

A: PP+Vir/regPS+C.

A: She leaves the school today.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+Vir/regFB+C

N: She does not leave the school today.

Q: AUX+PP+Vir/regFB+C+?

Q:Does she leave the school today?

Yes, She does

No, She does not.

Pasado Simple

 TO BE  (was, were)

PP

I -------------------------- was

You----------------------- were

He

She was

It

We -------------------------were

They------------------------were

A: PP+AUX+C

A:You were a doctor

N: PP+AUX+NOT+C

N: You were not a doctor.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+C+?

Q:Were you a doctor?

Yes, You were

No, You were not.

 VERBOS REGULARE/ IREGULARES  (did) Ojo.

PP Usamos el did, para todos los

pronombres personales.
I, You, He, she, it, we, they (DID)

A: PP+Vir/regPasadS+C.
A: You played soccer.
N: PP+AUX+NOT+Vir/regFB+C
N: You did not play soccer.
Q: WH+AUX+PP+Vir/regFB+C+?
Q:Did you play soccer?
Usamos DID para oraciones
(negativa, preguntas,
respuestas afirmativas y
negativas)
Cuando tengamos DID, en
cualquier tipo de oración el
verbo debe ir en su forma
base, Y si no encontramos un
did el verbo debe ir en
pasado(2daforma)
Yes, You did

No, You did not

A: PP+Vir/regPasadS+C.

A: She left the school today.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+Vir/regFB+C

N: She did not leave the school today.

Q: AUX+PP+Vir/regFB+C+?

Q:Did she leave the school today?

Yes, She did

No, She did not.

Regla Adjetivos(ED)
Adejtivos ed prepo V. reg o ireg
interested by
bored at
excited for
embarrassed of
annoyed in
confused on
ING
depressed ABOUT
inspired DURING
relaxed beyond
pleased along
surprised from
worried into

Prepo Tiempo, Lugar

1.- Prepositions (in, on, at)

IN…(en, dentro, dentro de)

Uso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo
utilizamos para indicar que algo está dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el
interior de algo físicamente.

Ej.
We went to Mexico in May.
I always run in the mornings.
I will see him in a week.
She was born in 1976.

In(En)

Paises,Ciudades, Barrios, Provincias.

In Quito, In Ecuador, In Las Casas, In Pichincha.

Espacios Cerrados

In the classroom, in the bar, in the room.

Dentro de objeto

In the box, in the closet.

Años, Meses

In 2012, in 2016, in 1990 …….. In January, In December

Partes del dia

In the morning, In the afternoon, in the evening.

Lugares Generales, communes

In the school, In the park, in the stadium.

ON…(sobre, encima de algo, tocando)

Uso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos,
etc…, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitación como techo o pared y para
indicar que alguien está dentro de un transporte público o en una planta de un edificio.

Ej.

The pen is on the table

They have a photograph of Paris on the wall.
I am on the bus.
Her apartment is on the second floor

On(Sobre)

Medios de transporte

On the bus, on the taxi, on the plane, on the train.

Sobre, encima de una superficie

On the table, on the ground

Pisos de una construccion

On the 2nd floor, On the third floor.

Dias de la semana

On Monday, On Sunday.

Dias especiales

On my birthday, on Christmas, On valentines day.

AT…( en, a, al, cerca de, tocando)

Uso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para
indicar que estamos dentro), antes de “top” (parte superior), “bottom” (parte inferior), “the
end of” (al final de), para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos,
deportes, etc…, detrás de “arrive” (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean
ciudades o países.

Ej.

He is at home.
I always visit my sister at work.
We eat at the table.

Link de repaso

http://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/prepositions

At(en)

Horas

At 6am, At 12 o clock

Referencia a la noche, determinado tiempo del dia

At night, at midnight.

Partes de una construccion

At the door, at the window.

Partes de la semana

At the weekend.

Fechas civicas o especiales.

At christmas, At easter
A lot of (mucho, bastante de) Plural, No contables

Any (nada, ninguno) Usamos any solo en negativos y preguntas.

Many (Varios, algunos) Plural, Contables.

A (Un, uno, una) Singular

Much (Varios, algunos) Plural, No contables.

Presente Continuo

 To BE, VIRE/REG (IS, AM, ARE) + ING

PP

I -------------------------- am

You----------------------- are

He

She is

It

We -------------------------are

They------------------------are

A: PP+AUX+Vir/regING+C

A:You are studying English.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+vir/regING+C

N: You are not studying English.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+vir/regING+C+?

Q:Are you studying English?

Yes, You are

No, You are not.

A: PP+AUX+Vir/regING+C

A:You are being rude.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+vir/regING+C

N: You are not being rude.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+vir/regING+C+?

Q:Are you being rude?

Yes, You are

No, You are not.

Pasado Continuo

 To BE, VIRE/REG (was, were) + ING

PP

I -------------------------- was

You----------------------- were

He

She was

It

We -------------------------were

They------------------------were

A: PP+AUX+Vir/regING+C

A:You were studying English.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+vir/regING+C

N: You were not studying English.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+vir/regING+C+?

Q:Were you studying English?

Yes, You were

No, You were not.

A: PP+AUX+Vir/regING+C

A:You were being rude.

N: PP+AUX+NOT+vir/regING+C

N: You were not being rude.

Q: WH+AUX+PP+vir/regING+C+?

Q:Were you being rude?

Yes, You were

No, You were not.

FUTURE

Will, going to

WILL

Predicciones que nosotros queremos que sucedan

Determinación, testamentos, decisiones largo plazo,

Acciones a futuro que, científicamente o probabilísticamente están

comprobados que sucederán.

PP+aux+Vir/regbase+C

She will travel to Japan in 2022.

PP+aux+not+Vir/regbase+C //// will+not = wont’t

She will not travel to Japan in 2022.

Aux+PP+Vir/egbase+C+?

Will she travel to Japan in 2022?

Yes, She will

No, she will not.

GOING TO
Predicciones que nostros vemos que pueden suceder.

Planes, proyectos, intenciones.

Acciones a futuro a corto plazo.

PP+AuxPresentContinuo+GOING TO+ Vireg/reg fbase+C

She is going to travel to japan in 10 minutes.

PP+aux+not+Vir/regbase+C //// will+not = wont’t

She is not going to travel to japan in 10 minutes.

Aux+PP+Vir/egbase+C+?

Is she going to travel to japan in 10 minutes?

Yes, She is going to.

No, she is not going

Pronombres Personales

Objeto
Objeto final inicio
PP PrPPosesivos PrPPObjet
Yo I My Mine
Tu You Your Yours
el He His His
ellla She Her Hers
esto it Its Its
nostros We Our Ours
ellos, ellas They Their Theirs

esto, este,
Singu This esta (is)
Singu That Eso, esa, ese (is)
Plura These Estos, estas (are)
Plural Those Esos, esas, (are)

Prono Per Pose

A This is my computer
N This is not my computer
Q Is this my computer?
RA Yes, this is
RN No, this is not

Prono Pers Pose Obje

 A This computer is mine
N This computer is not mine
Q Is this computer mine?
RA Yes, this is
RN No, this is not

Conditionals
If-> Si

Zero Conditional Presente, con el presente

Oracion Condi Oracion
If+PP+Vir/regPres+C , PP+Vir/regPresent+C
A If You heat water to 100C , It boils
If You heat water to 100C, It does not
N boil.
Q If You heat water to 100C, Does it boil?

First Conditional Presente, futuro(will)

Oracion Condi Oracion
If+PP+Vir/regPres+C , PP+will+vbase+C
A If She has enough money , She will buy a new car.
N If She has enough money , She won't buy a new car.
Q If She has enough money , Will she buy a new car?

Second
Conditional No reales, suponer, no probables
Oracion Condi Oracion
If+PP+Vi/reg pasado+C , PP+would+ vbase+C
A If I were rich, I would travel to Australia.
N If I were rich, I wouldn't travel to Australia.
Q If You were rich, Would you travel to Australia?

A If they studied more, They would approve the exam.

If they studied more, They would not approve the
N exam.
Q If they studied more, Would they approve the exam?

Perfectos -> (FOR,

have, had SINCE)

Presente
Perfecto (HAVE,HAS)
 AUX
I have
You have
He has
She has
it has
We have
They have

PP+AUX+V3forma+C.
A She has cut an apple.
PP+AUX+NOT+V3forma+C.
N She hasn't cut an apple.
AUX+PP+NOT+V3forma+C?
Q Has she cut an apple?

Pasado Perfecto (HAD)

AUX
I had
You had
He had
She had
it had
We had
They had

PP+AUX+V3forma+C.
A She had cut an apple.
PP+AUX+NOT+V3forma+C.
N She hadn't cut an apple.
AUX+PP+NOT+V3forma+C?
Q Had she cut an apple?

Presente
Perfecto to be 3forma,
Continuo (HAVE,HAS) Vreg/irgING

AUX
I have
You have
He has
 She has
it has
We have
They have

PP+AUX+Been+Vreg/irgING+C
Vero has been studying English for 2
A days.
PP+AUX+NOT+been+Vreg/irgING+C
Vero hasn't been studying English for 2
N days.
AUX+PP+been+Vreg/irgING+C?
Has Vero been studying English for 2
Q days?
Yes, Vero has been
No, vero has not been.

Pasado Perfecto to be 3forma,

Continuo (HAD) Vreg/irgING

AUX
I had
You had
He had
She had
it had
We had
They had

PP+AUX+Been+Vreg/irgING+C
A Vero had been studying English for 2 days.
PP+AUX+NOT+been+Vreg/irgING+C
Vero hadn't been studying English for 2
N days.
AUX+PP+been+Vreg/irgING+C?
Q Had Vero been studying English for 2 days?
Yes, Vero had been
No, vero had not been.

Third Conditional imposibles

Oracion Condi Oracion
If+PP+HAD+V3raforma+C, PP+would+ AuxPresPerfec+V3forma+Comp
 If She had studied more, She would has passed the
A exam.
If She had studied more, She wouldn't has passed the
N exam.
If She had studied more, Would She has passed the
Q exam?

Active Voice

Algo envia accion acccion reciben accion

The professor teaches the students.
Algo envia accion acccion reciben accion
Vero washes the dishes.

Passive (to be conjugado) + Verb3era

Voice forma
obj recibe accion accion envio accion
The students are taught by the professor
obj recibe accion accion envio accion
The dishes are washed by Vero

Ejemplo
Activo Jhon build the house in 1990
The house was built by Jhon in
Pasivo 1990

To verbs TO

Some verbs are followed by the to-infinitive:

I decided to go home as soon as possible.

We all wanted to have more English classes.

Common verbs followed by the to-infinitive are:

Verbs of thinking and feeling:

 choose

 decide

 expect

 forget

 hate
 hope

 intend

 learn

 like

 love

 mean

 plan

 prefer

 remember

 would like

 would love

Verbs of saying:

 agree

 promise

 refuse

Other common verbs are:

 arrange

 attempt

 fail

 help

 manage

 tend

 try

 want

2 Some verbs are followed by a noun and the to-infinitive:

She asked him to send her a text message.

He wanted all his friends to come to his party.

Common verbs with this pattern are:

Verbs of saying:
 advise

 ask

 encourage

 invite

 order

 persuade

 remind

 tell

 warn *

*Note: The verb warn is normally used with not

The police warned everyone not to drive too fast.

Verbs of wanting or liking:

 expect

 intend

 would

 prefer

 want

 would like

Other verbs with this pattern are:

 allow

 enable

 force

 get

 teach

3. Passive infinitive

Many of these verbs are sometimes followed by a passive infinitive

(to be + past participle):

I expected to be met when I arrived at the station.

They wanted to be told if anything happened.
I don’t like driving myself. I prefer to be driven
Modal Verbs

CAN (Poder, habilidades, capacidades)

“Can” indica habilidad o posibilidad. En estos casos puede ser traducido como “poder” en
español.

A: PP+ ModalVerb+ Vir/regbase+ C

You can speak five languages. (Tu puedes hablar cinco idiomas.)
N: PP+ ModalVerb+NOT+ Vir/regbase+ C
You can not speak five languages. (Tu no puedes hablar cinco idiomas.)
Q: ModalVerb + PP+Vir/regbase+ C+?
Can You speak five languages? (Puedes hablar cinco idiomas?)
Yes, I Can.
No I can’t

Ejemplos:

We can work late tonight if you need us. (Podemos trabajar hasta tarde esta noche si nos
necesitas.)
Bill and Tom can’t help you. (Bill y Tom no pueden ayudarte.)
The restaurant can be expensive if you drink a lot of wine. (El restaurante puede ser caro si
bebes mucho vino.)
It can be dangerous to drive if you are tired. (Conducir puede ser peligroso si estás cansado.)

En frases interrogativas, el uso de “can” puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre

posibilidades.

Ejemplos:

Can I have a glass of water? (¿Puedo tomar un vaso de agua?)

Can you help me? (¿Puedes ayudarme?)

COULD (Poder, habilidades, capacidades)

“Could” indica posibilidad o habilidad en el pasado.

A: PP+ ModalVerb+ Vir/regbase+ C

Joe could speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe podía hablar español cuando era joven.)
N: PP+ ModalVerb+NOT+ Vir/regbase+ C
Joe could not speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe no podía hablar español cuando era
joven.)
Q: ModalVerb + PP+Vir/regbase+ C+?
Could Joe speak Spanish when he was young? ( Podía Joe hablar español cuando era joven?)
Yes, He Could
No He Could not.

Ejemplos:

Joe could speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe podía hablar español cuando era joven.)
I couldn’t sleep last night. (No pude dormir anoche.)
It could have been worse. (Podría haber sido peor.)
Could you play an instrument when you were a child? (¿Podías tocar un instrumento cuando
eras un niño?)

También se puede usar “could” para posibilidades en el futuro.

Ejemplos:

You could pass the test if you studied. (Podrías pasar el examen si estudiaras.)
I think it could rain later. (Creo que podría llover más tarde.)

MAY/ MIGHT

Como “could”, se usa “may” para indicar posibilidades en el futuro.

A: PP+ ModalVerb+ Vir/regbase+ C

I may have a glass of water (Yo podría tomar un vaso de agua.)
N: PP+ ModalVerb+NOT+ Vir/regbase+ C
I may not have a glass of water(Yo no podría tomar un vaso de agua.)
Q: ModalVerb + PP+Vir/regbase+ C+?
May I have a glass of water? (¿Podría tomar un vaso de agua?)
Yes, I may
No, I may not

Ejemplos:
I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later. (Llevaría un paraguas, puede llover más tarde.)
It may be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea mejor
terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta mañana.)

También se puede utilizar para dar permisos o instrucciones.

You may leave if you like. (Puede salir si quiere.)

You may use your cell phones now. (Podéis usar sus teléfonos ahora.)

SHOULD/ OUGHT TO (debería)

“Should” indica una recomendación. Refleja una opinión sobre lo que es correcto. Se
traduce como el condicional de “deber” en español.

A: PP+ ModalVerb+ Vir/regbase+ C

I should call my parents more often. (Yo debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
N: PP+ ModalVerb+NOT+ Vir/regbase+ C
I should not call my parents more often. ( Yo no Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
Q: ModalVerb + PP+Vir/regbase+ C+?
Should you call your parents more often. (Debería llamar a sus padres más a menudo?)
Yes, I should
No, I should not

Ejemplos:

You shouldn’t work so hard. (No debería trabajar tan duro.)

They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberían practicar más
si quieren ganar el campeonato.)

Se utiliza “should” en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligación o para
pedir una recomendación.

Ejemplos:

Should we leave a tip? (¿Deberíamos dejar una propina?)

MUST/ HAVE TO

“Must” indica una obligación, prohibición o necesidad. También puede emplearse“have

to” (tener que).

Ejemplos:

You must [have to] read this book, it’s fantastic. (Tienes que leer este libro, es fantástico.)
You must [have to] brush your teeth two times a day. (Tienes que cepillarte los dientes dos
veces al día.)
We must [have to] leave now or we will be late. (Tenemos que irnos ahora o llegaremos
tarde.)
You must not drink and drive. (No puedes beber y conducir.)
When must we meet you? (¿Cuándo debemos quedar? )

También se puede usar “must” para indicar probabilidad o asumir algo.

Ejemplos:
 John’s not here. He must be sick because he never misses class. (John no esta aquí.
Debe estar enfermo porque nunca pierde clases.)
It must be difficult to learn a new language as an adult. (Debe ser difícil aprender un idioma
como adulto.)

Es posible también usar “must” para preguntas retóricas.

Ejemplos:

Must you always be late? (¿Siempre tienes que llegar tarde?)

WOULD

Se usa “would” para declarar una preferencia y para preguntar por algo educadamente.

Ejemplos:

She would like to go to New York someday. (Le gustaría ir a Nueva York algún día.)
I would like a beer and my wife would like a glass of wine please. (Me gustaría una
cerveza y a mi mujer le gustaría una copa de vino por favor.)
Would you like some coffee? (¿Le gustaría un cafe?)
Would you help me please? (¿Me ayudas por favor?)
When would you like to go to the movies? (¿Cuándo te gustaría ir al cine?)