lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 1

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001 10.0 points
An insulating sphere of radius 15 cm has a
uniform charge density throughout its vol-
ume.
15 cm
A2 and volume V2 that is larger than the
insulating sphere. From Gauss’s Law, since
the flux is constant over the sphere,
Q ρV
EA=Φ= = ∝V .
ǫ0 ǫ0
For the sphere of radius r1 , E1 A1 ∝ V1 and
for the outer sphere of radius r2 , E2 A2 ∝ V .
(The Gaussian surface is larger than the ac-
tual physical sphere, and no charge lies out-
side of the sphere with volume V .)
4
A = 4 π R2 ∝ R2 and V = π R3 ∝ R3 , so
3

p E 2 A2 V
=
E 1 A1 V1
2
E 2 r2 R3
26.4 cm 5.4 cm
=
E1 r12 r13
If the magnitude of the electric field at a dis- R3
E2 = · E1
tance of 5.4 cm from the center is 47500 N/C , r1 r22
what is the magnitude of the electric field at (15 cm)3
26.4 cm from the center? =
(5.4 cm) (26.4 cm)2
Correct answer: 42595.7 N/C. × (47500 N/C)
Explanation: = 42595.7 N/C .
Alternate Solution:
Calculate the charge density ρ inside the
Let : R = 15 cm ,
insulating sphere. Select a spherical Gaussian
E1 = 47500 N/C , surface with r1 < R and volume V , concentric
r1 = 5.4 cm , and with the charge distribution. Since
r2 = 26.4 cm . 4 
qencl = ρ V ′ = ρ π r3 ,
3
applying Gauss’ law in the region r1 < R ,
R qencl 4 π r13
E · (4 π r12 ) = = ρ
ǫ0 3 ǫ0
3 ǫ0 E1
p ρ= .
r1
r2 r1 Therefore, we choose a spherical Gaussian
surface of radius r2 > R and concentric with
the insulating sphere. The net charge inside
4 Q the Gaussian surface is the total charge of the
V = π R3 and ρ = .
3 V insulating sphere; i.e.,
The magnitude of the electric field at a
radius r1 < R (corresponding to a smaller  
sphere with surface area A1 and volume V1 ) is 3 ǫ0 E 4 3
Qencl = ρV = πR
given: E1 . r1 3
We need the magnitude E2 at a radius r2 4 π ǫ0 E R3
= .
corresponding to a sphere with surface area r1
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 2
The electric field on the Gaussian surface is
uniform and normal to the surface. Applying 003 10.0 points
Gauss’ law, the electric field Er at radius r is Four charges are fixed at the corners of a
square centered at the origin as follows: q at
~ = Er · 4 π r 2 = Qencl , so
I
~ · dA
E (−a, +a); 2 q at (+a, +a); −3 q at (+a, −a);
ǫ0 and 6 q at (−a, −a). A fifth charge +q with
mass m is placed at the origin and released
Qencl 1 4 π ǫ0 E R3 from rest.
E2 = = Find the speed when it is a great distance
4 π ǫ0 r22 4 π ǫ0 r22 r1
from the origin, where the potential energy of
R3 E (15 cm)3 (47500 N/C) the fifth charge due to the four point charges
= =
r1 r22 (5.4 cm)(26.4 cm)2 is negligible.
= 42595.7 N/C . s √
3 6k
1. k~v k = q
ma
002 10.0 points s √
In a charging process, 2 × 1013 electrons 2 5k
are removed from one small metal sphere and 2. k~v k = q
ma
placed on a second identical sphere. Initially s √
both metal spheres were neutral. After the 6 5k
3. k~v k = q
charging process the electrical potential en- ma
ergy associated with the two spheres is found s √
to be −0.063 J . 6 6k
4. k~v k = q
What is the distance between the two ma
s √
spheres? The value of the Coulomb constant
is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 and the elemental 6 3k
5. k~v k = q
charge is 1.6 × 10−19 C . ma
s √
2 2k
Correct answer: 1.46083 m. 6. k~v k = q
ma
Explanation: s √
3 2k
7. k~v k = q
ma
Let : n = 2 × 1013 , s √
qe = −1.6 × 10−19 C, 6 2k
8. k~v k = q correct
Ue = −0.063 J , and ma
s √
ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . 3 5k
9. k~v k = q
q1 = n qe and q2 = −n qe , so ma
s √
q1 q2 3 3k
Ue = k e 10. k~v k = q
r ma

q1 q2 −(n qe )2
r = ke = ke
Ue Ue
= −(8.98755 × 10 N · m2 /C2 )
9

(2 × 1013 )2 (1.6 × 10−19 C)2

×
−0.063 J
= 1.46083 m . Explanation:
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 3
+q a +2 q Determine the speed of the particle when
√ the string is parallel to the electric field.
2a
+q, m x Correct answer: 0.189605 m/s.
a
Explanation:

+6 q −3 q
Let : L = 2.1 m ,
The initial energy of the charge is
q = 1 µC = 1 × 10−6 C ,
E i = K i + Ui = Ui
  m = 0.012 kg , and
kq 2kq (−3 q) k 6kq
=q √ +√ + √ +√ θ = 47◦ .
2a 2a 2a 2a
6kq 2
= √ .
2a m
The final energy is q
1
m v2 .

L
Ef = E
2
θ
From energy conservation, we have
P
Ei = Ef
Let V = 0 at point P . The potential at the
6 k q2 1 initial position is
√ = m v2
2a 2
√ ~ · ~s = −E L cos θ ,
s
6 2k Vi = −E
v=q .
ma
and the potential at the final position is
004 10.0 points
A charged particle is connected to a string Vf = −E L .
that is is tied to the pivot point P . The
particle, string, and pivot point all lie on The potential energy U is given by
a horizontal table (consequently the figure
below is viewed from above the table). The U = qV ,
particle is initially released from rest when
the string makes an angle 47◦ with a uniform so by conservation of energy
electric field in the horizontal plane (shown in
the figure). (K + U )i = (K + U )f

initial 0.012 kg
1
release 1 µC −q E L cos θ = m v2 − q E L .
2
m
1

323 V/m
2.

r
47◦ 2 q E L (1 − cos θ)
v= .
m
P
Since
P parallel
ω q E L = (1 × 10−6 C) (323 V/m) (2.1 m)
= 0.0006783 m2 · kg/s2 , then
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 4
q
v= 2 (0.0006783 m2 · kg/s2 ) Explanation:
r
1 − cos 47◦
×
0.012 kg
Let : vpos = 8.8 × 107 m/s ,
= 0.189605 m/s .
mpos = 9.109 × 10−31 kg ,
mpr = 1.673 × 10−27 kg , and
005 10.0 points qpr = qpos = 1.602 × 10−19 C .
An electric field is given by Ex = (5 kN/C) x3 .
Find the potential difference between the
points on the x-axis at x = 1 m and x = 2 m. Since Ki = 0 J ,

Correct answer: −18.75 kV.

Explanation: Kf = ∆U
1
m vf2 = q ∆V .
Let : Ex = (5 kN/C) x3 , 2
x1 = 1 m , and
x2 = 2 m .
dV mpos (vpos )2
Ex = − , so ∆V =
dx 2 qpos
dV = −Ex dx (9.109 × 10−31 kg)(8.8 × 107 m/s)2
=
Z x2 2(1.602 × 10−19 C)
V2 − V1 = − Ex dx = 22016.3 V , so
x1
Z x2
= −(5 kN/C) x3 dx
x1 
1
x42 − x41


= −(5 kN/C)
4 s s
2 ∆Ue 2 (qpr ∆V )
vf,pr = =
 
1
= −(5 kN/C) mpr mpr
4 s
× (2 m) − (1 m)4
4 2(1.602 × 10−19 C)(22016.3 V)
 
=
1.673 × 10−27 kg
= −18.75 kV .
= 2.05338 × 106 m/s .

006 10.0 points

A positron (a particle with a charge of +e and
a mass equal to that of an electron) that is
accelerated from rest between two points at a
fixed potential difference acquires a speed of
8.8 × 107 m/s.
What speed is achieved by a proton acceler-
ated from rest between the same two points?
Disregard relativistic effects.
Correct answer: 2.05338 × 106 m/s.
007 10.0 points
Consider a solid conducting sphere with a
radius a and charge Q1 on it. There is a
conducting spherical shell concentric to the
sphere. The shell has an inner radius b (with
b > a) an outer radius c and a net charge Q2
on the shell. Denote the charge on the inner
surface of the shell by Q′2 and that on the
outer surface of the shell by Q′′2 .
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 5

Q2 Z Z
Q2′′ ~
V = − Er · d~r = − Er dr

Q1 Q′2 Z c Z (a+b)/2
=− Er dr − Er dr
b a P Z∞c b
k (Q1 + Q2 )
=− dr
∞ r2
c Z (a+b)/2
k (Q1 + Q2 )
− dr
b r2
  c
1 
= −k (Q1 + Q2 )
r ∞
Find the potential VP at point P , the mid-   (a+b)/2
1 
point between a and b. Assume the potential −k (Q1 + Q2 )
at r = ∞ is zero. r b
2 ke Q1 ke Q1 ke (Q1 + Q2 )
ke Q 1 ke Q 2 = − + .
1. VP = − a+b b c
a+b b
2 ke Q 1 ke Q 2 008 10.0 points
2. VP = +
a+b c Two charges q1 and q2 are separated by a
2 ke Q 1 distance d and exert a force F on each other.
3. VP = What is the new force F ′ , if charge 1 is
a+b
2 ke Q1 ke Q1 ke (Q1 + Q2 ) increased to q1′ = 5 q1 , charge 2 is decreased
4. VP = − + cor- q2
a+b b c to q2′ = , and the distance is decreased to
rect 2
′ d
d = ?
2 ke Q 1 ke Q 2 2
5. VP = −
a+b c 1. F ′ = 10 F correct
2 ke Q 1
6. VP = 2. F ′ = 50 F
a
2 ke Q1 ke Q1 ke (Q1 − Q2 )
7. VP = + − 3. F ′ = 20 F
a+b b c
2 ke (Q1 − Q2 ) 25
8. VP = 4. F ′ = F
a+b 4
2 ke Q 1 2 ke Q 2 25
9. VP = − 5. F ′ = F
a+b b 2
10. VP = 0 6. F ′ = 25 F
Explanation: 5
Using the superposition principle for the 3 7. F ′ = F
4
concentric charge distributions Q1 at a, −Q1 5
at b and Q1 + Q2 at c, we have 8. F ′ = F
2
9. F ′ = 5 F
2 ke Q1 ke Q1 ke (Q1 + Q2 )
V = − + .
a+b b c 10. F ′ = 100 F
Alternate Solution: From symmetry, Explanation:
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 6

E 18
16
 
q2 14
k (5 q1 )
′ k q1′ q2′ 2 12
F = =  2
r′ 2 d 10
2 8
k q1 q2 2.
= 10 = 10 F . 6
d2
4
2

009 10.0 points R 2R 3R r

Consider a conducting sphere with radius R −2
and charge +Q , and a conducting spherical
shell with inner radius 2 R, outer radius 3 R
and net charge +2 Q . E 18
16
14
12
+Q 10
8
3.
6
+2 Q 4
2
Identify the E(r) vs r (electric field vs ra-
dial distance) diagram which describes this R 2R 3R r
−2
situation. The unit of measure on the vertical
kQ
axis is a multiple of .
18 R2
E 18
E 18 16
16
14
14
12
12
10
10
8
8 4.
1. 6
6
4
4
2
2
R 2R 3R r
R 2R 3R r −2
−2 correct
 lee (dl28863) – homework 07a – turner – (90130) 7

E 18
16
14
12
10
8
5.
6
4
2

R 2R 3R r
−2

Explanation:
q
E=k .
r2
The charge on the outside surface of the
conducting sphere is +Q .
Inside the conducting sphere
E=0 for r < R .
For R < r < 2 R  , E decreases
 from
+Q kQ
E = k 2 = +6 2
at r = R to
R 18 R 
+Q 9 kQ
E=k 2
=+ at R = 2 R .
4R 2 18 R2
Inside the conducting shell
E=0 for 2 R < r < 3 R .
The charge on the inner surface of the
spherical shell is −Q (the opposite charge of
the inner sphere). The net charge +2 Q on
the spherical shell is the sum of the charges on
its surfaces, so the charge on its outer surface
is +3 Q .
For r > 3 R , Edecreases  from
+3 Q kQ
E=k = +6 at r = 3 R to
9 R2 18 R2
E=0 as r → ∞ .