ffiiurtl

uml/BsI sAfiEHAl.$XrA

Second Semester Examination

201612017 Academic Session

June 2017

EEM 348. PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEM

IPR NSTP SrSrEM PINTARI

Duration : 3 hours
[Masa : 3 jam]

Please ensure that this examination paper consists of TWELVE pages and appendix ONE
pages of printed appendix material before you begin the examination.

[Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA BELAS muka surat dan
SATU muka surat lampiran yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.l

lnstructions: This question paper consists of FIVE (5) questions. Answer ALL questions.
All questions carry the same marks.

lArahan: Kertas soalan ini mengandungi LIMA (5) soalan. Jawab SEMUA soalan. Semua
soalan membawa jumlah markah yang sama.l

ln the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used.

[Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa

lnggeris hendaklah digunapakai.l

...2t-
 -2- IEEM 3481

1. (a) One of the main tasks is knowledge acquisition during development of expert
system. This is the job of a knowledge engineer and is obtained mosily from
domain experts. The process of knowledge acquisition is well-studied,
Describe the process of knowledge acquisition from knowledge engineer
point of view.

Salah satu fugas utama adatah mendapatkan ilmu ketika pembinaan sisfem
pintar. lni merupakan tugas jurutera itmu dan diperotehi kebanyakannya
daripada domain pakar. proses mendapatkan itmu ini tetah dipetajari
sebaiknya. Terangkan proses mendapatkan itmu daripada pandangan
jurutera ilmu.

(30 marks/markah)

(b) Below are the structure to describe 2 types of expeft system reasoning
method, ldentify and describe the reasoning methods.

Di bawah adalah struktur untuk menerangkan 2 jenis kaedah penaakulan

sisfem pintar. Tentukan dan terangkan kaedah-kaedah penaakulan tersebut.

, while (no new asserfrbn made) and (unresotved)

. for each rule (and for each possib/e binding)
, try to support rule's conditions from known facts
, if all supported fhen asserf consequent

...3t-
 3- IEEM 3481

. while (no untried hypothesis) and (unresolved)

, for each hypothesis
. for each rule with hypothesis as consequent
. try to support rule's conditions from known
facts or via recursion (trying all possible
bindings)
. if all supported then asserl consequent

(30 marks/markah)

(c) Below are 4 rules used in the expeft system development using ceilainty
factor as reasoning method

Di bawah terdapat 4 peraturan yang digunakan ketika pembinaan sr'sfem

pintar menggunakan faktor ketentuan sebagai kaedah penaakulan.

R1: lF A AND B THEN C CF(R1) = Q.6

R2: lF D OR G THEN F CF(R2) = a.6

R3: lF H THEN C CF(R3) = S.5

R4: lF S AND T THEN F CF(R4) = a./

Calculate the combined certainty factors (CF) of C and F given the following
values:

Kirakan gabungan faktor ketentuan untuk C dan F dengan diberi nilai-nilai

berikuit:

CF(A)=Q.3, CF(B)=-0.5, CF(D)=g.6, CF(G)=Q.4, CF(H)=0.7, CF(S)=-g.5 and

CF(!=a.2
(40 marksimarkah)

,,,41.
 - 4- IEEM 3481

2. (a) There are three techniques categorized under Evolutionary Computation,

which two of them are Genetic Algorithm and Genetic Programming. What is
the third technique? Explain how it ditfers from the other two.

Terdapat tiga teknik yang dikategorikan di bawah 'Evolutionary

computation', yang mana dua antaranya ialah 'Genetic Argorithm' dan
'Genetic Programming'. Apakah teknik ketiga? Terangkan bagaimana teknik
ini berbeza daripada dua teknik lain itu.
(20 marks/markah)

(b) Consider the graphs shown in Figure 2.1. This figure shows the optimization
results using GA based on 100 generations with 6 chromosomes (Figure
2,1(a)), and 20 generations with 60 chromosomes (Figure 2.1(b)).

Pertimbangkan graf-graf yang ditunjukkan di datam Rajah 2.1. Rajah ini

menunjukkan keputusan optima menggunakan GA berdasarkan 1oo
generasi dengan 6 kromosom (Rajah 2.1(a)), dan 20 generasi dengan 6a
kromosom (Rajah 2. 1 (b)),

Figure 2,1 : Graphs to answer Question 2(b)

Rajah 2.1 : Graf untuk menjawab soalan 2(b)

...5/-
 - 5- [EEM 348]

(i) what is this graph called and when do we use this graph? can this
graph be neglected in getting optimized results using GA? Explain
your answer,

Apakah nama graf ini dan bilakah kita menggunakan graf ini? Adakah
boleh kita abaikan graf ini dalam mendapatkan keputusan optirna
menggunakan GA? Terangkan jawapan anda.
(20 marks/markah)

(i i) what are the best and average values referring to? why are they
considered in this graph? Explain.

Apakah yang nilai terbaik dan purata merujuk kepada? Kenapa nitai
terbaik dan purata diambilkira di dalam graf ini. Terangkan.
(20 marks/markah)

(iii) which one of these two graphs provide the best sorution? Explain.

Yang mana di antara dua graf ini memberikan penyelesaian terbaik.

Terangkan.

(10 marks/markah)

(c) The general scheme of an evolutionary algorithm can be explained using the
following terms: INITIALIZE, SELECT, EVALUATE, MUTATE,
cRossovER and cLoNlNG, Using these terms, briefly explain each step
in genetic algorithm (GA) in correct arranqement.

skim umum bagi algoritma evolusi boleh diterangkan menggunakan terma-

terma berikut: lNlrlALlzE, sELEcli EVALILATE, M|JTATE, cRossoyER
and cLoNlNG. Dengan menggunakan terma-terma ini, terangkan secara
ringkas sefiap langkah di datam algoritma genetik (GA) datam susunal
vana betul.
(30 marks/markah)
...6/-
 - 6- IEEM 348I

3. (a) Explain the statement below,

Terangkan penyataan di bawah.

'Classical binary logic can be considered as a special case of multi-valued

fuzzy logic'

'Logik binari klasik boleh diperlimbangkan sebagaikes khas bagi logik kabur
pelbagai-nilai'
(10 marks,/markah)

(b) Define the meaning of crisp set and fuzzy set based on
Definisikan maksud set tegar dan set kabur berdasarkan

(i) mathematical representation

penyataan matematik

(ii) graphical / computer illustration

illustrasi grafik / komputer

Then, based on your answer in b(ii), illustrate your fuzzy set with 'indeed'
hedge.

Seterusnya, berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam bahagian b(ii), gambarkan

set kabur anda dengan memasukkan kecenderungan 'sungguh'.
(50 markVmarkah)

(c) List the 5 steps that involved in developing the fuzzy expert system.
Senaraikan 5 langkah yang terlibat dalam membina sisfem pintar kabur.
(10 markVmarkah)

...71-
 -7- IEEM 3481

(d) one of the steps involved in 3(c) is tuning lhe fuzzy system' Describe three
actions in tuning the fuzzy system'

satu dari langkah yang terlibat dalam 3(c) iatah menalakan sisfem kabur.
Terangkan tiga tangkah datam menalakan sisfem kabur'
(30 marks/markah)

4. (a) The quality control department of a tea bag paper finishing plant is
experimenting the effect of percentage of hardwood concentration
in raw
pulp and the cooling time of the pulp on the strength of the tea bag material'
The fuzzy inference system used two ranges of hardwood concentration
(percentage) and three ranges of cooling time (minutes)' The response
variable is the strength (unit) of the tea bag paper'

Jabatan pengawasan kuatiti bagi bahagian penghasilan akhir satu kertas

palpa mentah
uncang teh sedang mengkaii kesan peratusan pati kayu dalam
dan masa penyeiukan patpa terhadap kekuatan bahan uncang feh' Sisfem
taabir kabur tersebut menggunakan dua iutat bagi pati kayu (peratusan) dan
tiga jutat bagi masa penyeiukan (minit). Pembolehubah tindak balas ialah
kekuatan (unit) bagi kerlas uncang teh.

All related linguistic variables, linguistic values and rules are given as follows:
Kesemua pembotehubah tinguistik, nilai linguistik dan hukum diberikan
seperti berikut:

...8/-
 - 8- IEEM 348I

Pil!!*,o,"',"enttation (*)= 0, Vx > 20; Fil!!*ooo (*)= L Vx < l5;

"orrrr,ro,,o,

P!,:f;*ood (r) = o, Vx s 1o; Pl:f;*"odr"n""n,ro,,o, (x)=[ Vx > 45;

"',"entration

P,il! G)= o,Vx 3 3o; p',il! (")=f Vx > 65;

Ptr;!"' (r)= o,v, < l5 & vx 2 55; P#!" (*)= t, vx = 35;

t ;l::' (.)= o,vx 2 3o; pilfl' $)=1,vx < 1o;

p',?!,** (r)= o, vx > 35; /t'#"** (*)= t,vx < 1o;

It{i;r,h (r)= o, Yx <20 & vx > 8o p{:::,s,h (x)= L+o < vx < 6o

p!,i,'!,r,, (*)= o, vx < 6o P!if!,o, (*)= t, Vx > 8o

Rule 1: lF hardwood concentration is small

AND time is short

THEN strength is low.

Hukum 1: lF pati kayu adalah kecil

AND masa adalah pendek

THEN kekuatan adalah rendah.

Rule 2: lF hardwood concentration is huge

AND time is medium
THEN strength is fair

Hukum 2: lF patikayu adalah tinggi

AND masa adalah sederhana

THEN kekuatan adalah brasa.

...9t-
 - 9- [EEM 348]

Rule 3: lF hardwood concentration is huge

OR time is long

THEN strength is high

Hukum 3: lF pati kayu adalah tinggi

OR masa adalah panjang

IHEN kekuatan adatah tinggi.

By using Mamdani inference style with min and max methods for AND and OR
operations, maximum method for aggregation and centroid for defuzzification,
calculate the strength of tea bag paper when the percentage of hardwood
concentration is 80% and the cooling time is 28 minutes.

[Please use the given graph paper to show the entire steps involved in
calculating you r answers.l

Dengan menggunakan gaya taabir Mamdani dengan kaedah minima dan maksima
untuk operasi DAN dan ATAU, kaedah maksimum untuk penyatuan dan pusat
kawalan bagi nyahkabur, kirakan kekuatan bagi keftas uncang teh bila peratusan
pati kayu ialah 80% dan masa penyejukan ialah 28 minit.

[Sila gunakan kertas graf untuk menunjukkan keseluruhan langkah-langkah

yang terlibat di dalam pengiraan jawapan anda.l
(50 marks/markah)

...10t-
 - 10 - IEEM 348I

(b) Based on the information given in 4(a), tune your fuzzy system with
extremely hedge.
Compare your calculated response variable value with case 4(a). Explain
your observation.

[Please use a new graph paper to show the entire steps invotvedl

Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dalam 4(a), ubahsuai sistem kabur anda
dengan kecenderungan melampau.

Banding nilai kiraan pembolehubah tindakbalas anda dengan kes 4(a).

Terangkan pemerh atian anda.

[Sila gunakan kertas graf yang baru untuk menunjukkan semua

I an gkah-l an gkah yan g. terl i b atl

(50 marks/markah)

5. Answer the following questions about Artificial Neural Network (ANN):

Jawap soalan-soalan berikut berkenaan Rangkaian Pembuatan Neural (ANN):

(a) What is the major difference between Perceptron and Multilayer Perceptron
(MLP)?

Apakah perbezaan ketara di antara Perceptron dan Perceptron Pelbagai

Lapisan?
(10 marks/markah)

...11t-
t'
- 11 - IEEM 3481

(b) Hopfield Network (HN) and Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) are
some of ANN variants. How these two differ from MLP? Explain.

Rangkaian Hopfield (HN) dan Memori Bersekutu Dwiarah (BAM) adalah

sebahagian varian ANN. Bagaimana kedua-dua rangkaian ini berbeza
dengan MLP? Terangkan'
(30 marks/m arkah)

(c) Consider the network given in Figure 5.1 This network is initialized with the
weights as indicated. We wish to train this network through two iterations
using the backpropagation learning algorithm on the two patterns given in
Table 5.1 below. Throughout, we assume a sigmoidal transfer function with
l. = 1, a learning rate 4 = t.Z, a momentum c = 0.8, k is the iteration/pattern
index, m is the input layer, n is the output layer, x is the input, and y is the
output.

Peftimbangkan rangkaian yang diberikan pada Rajah 5.1. Pemberat mula

adalah seperti yang dinyatakan. Kita berkeinginan untuk melatih rangkaian
ini melalui dua ulangan menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran perambatan-
balik ke atas dua corak yang diberikan dalam Jadual 5.1 di bawah.
Sepanjang proses rnr, kita mengambil kira satu fungsi pindah sigmoid
dengan 7=L, kadar pembelajaran q=!.2,
momentum a =0.8, k adalah
bilangan lelaran/indeks corak, m adalah lapisan masukan, n adalah lapisan
keluaran, x adalah masukan, dan y adalah keluaran.

...12t-
 - 12- IEEM 348I

Table 5.1 : Patterns for backpropagation training neural network

Jadual 5.1 : Corak-corak untuk pembelajaran perambatan-balik rangkaian neural

Pattern xl xf y*
vtr
index
1 0.5 -0.5 0.9 0.1

2 -0.5 0.5 0.1 0.9

Figure 5.1: The initial architecture of the network

Rajah 5.1: Binaan awal rangkaian

(60 marks/markah)

ooo0ooo
 -

APPENDIX IEEM 3481

LAMPIRAN

courseoutcomes(co)-Programmeoutcomes(Po)Mapping
Pemetaan Hasit Pembelaiaran Kursus - Hasil Program

I
l