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STANDARD 7919-1
Second edition
1996-07-15
Reference number
ISO 7919-1 :1996(E)
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
This second edition of ISO 7919-1 cancels and replaces the first edition
(ISO 7919-1 :1986), which has been technically revised .
ISO 7919 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Mechan-
ical Vibration of non-reciprocating machines - Measurements on rotating
shafts and evaluation criteria:
o ISO 1996
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mrcrofilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
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0 ISO ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
Introduction
Machines are now being operated at increasingly high Speeds and loads,
and under increasingly severe operating conditions. This has become
possible, to a large extent, by the more efficient use of materials, although
this has sometimes resulted in there being less margin for design and
application errors.
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During the preparation of this part of ISO 7919, it was recognized that
there was a need to establish quantitative criteria for the evaluation of
machinery shaft Vibration. However, there is a significant lack of data on
this subject at present and, consequently, this part of ISO 7919 has been
structured to allow such data to be incorporated as it becomes available.
r..
Ill
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E) 0 ISO
Specific criteria for different classes and types of machinery will be given
in the relevant Parts of ISO 7919 as they are developed.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
evaluatlon cr iteria -
Part 1:
General guide ines
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ISO 79194:1996(E) 0 ISO
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0 ISO ISO 791901:1996(E)
lt is recommended that special measurements be shall be rigidly mounted to the machine structure (e.g.
made in Order to determine the total non-Vibration the bearing housing) close to the non-contacting
runout, which is caused by shaft surface metallurgical transducer so that both transducers undergo the
non-homogeneities, local residual magnetism and same absolute Vibration of the support structure in the
shaft mechanical runout. lt should be noted that, for direction of measurement. The sensitive axes of the
asymmetric rotors, the effect of gravity tan Cause a non-contacting and seismic transducers shall be par-
false runout Signal. allel, so that their vectorially summed, conditioned
Signals result in an accurate measure of the absolute
Recommend ations for instrumentation are given in shaft Vibration.
annex C.
3.3.4 Procedures for absolute Vibration
3.3.2 Procedures for relative Vibration measurements using a shaft-riding mechanism
measurements with a seismic transducer
Relative Vibration transducers of the non-contacting The seismic transducer (velocity type or acceler-
type are normally mounted in tapped holes in the ometer) shall be mounted radially on the shaft-riding
bearing housing, or by rigid brackets adjacent to the mechanism. The mechanism shall not chatter or bind
bearing housing. Where the transducers are mounted in a manner modifying the indicated shaft Vibration.
in the bearing, they should be located so as not to The mechanism shall be mounted as described for
interfere with the lubrication pressure wedge. How- transducers in 3.3.1.
ever, special arrangements for mounting transducers
in other axial locations may be made, but different vi- The shaft surface against which the shaft-riding tip
bration criteria for assessment will then have to be rides, taking into account the total axial float of the
used. For bracket-mounted transducers, the bracket shaft under all thermal conditions, shall be smooth
shall be free from natura1 frequencies which adversely and free from shaft discontinuities, such as keyways
affect the capability of the transducer to measure the and threads. lt is recommended that the mechanical
relative shaft Vibration. runout of the shaft should not exceed 25 % of the al-
lowable Vibration displacement, specified in accord-
The surface of the shaft at the location of the pick-up, ante with annex A, or 6 Pm, whichever is the greater.
taking into account the total axial float of the shaft
under all thermal conditions, shall be smooth and free There may be surface Speed and/or other limitations
from any geometric discontinuities (such as keyways, to shaft-riding procedures, such as the formation of
lubrication passages and threads), metallurgical non- hydrodynamic oil films beneath the probe, which may
homogeneities and local residual magnetism which give false readings and, consequently, manufacturers
may Cause false Signals. In some circumstances, an should be consulted about possible limitations.
electroplated or metallized shaft surface may be ac-
ceptable, but it should be noted that the calibration
may be different. lt is recommended that the total 3.4 Machine operating conditions
combined electrical and mechanical runout, as
measured by the transducer, should not exceed Shaft Vibration measurements should be made under
25 % of the allowable Vibration displacement, speci- agreed conditions over the operating range of the
fied in accordance with annex A, or 6 Pm, whichever machine. These measurements should be made after
is the greater. For measurements made on machines achieving agreed thermal and operating conditions. In
already in Service, where Provision was not originally addition, measurements may also be taken under
made for shaft Vibration measurements, it may be conditions of, for example, slow roll, warming-up
necessary to use other runout criteria. Speed, critical Speed, etc. However, the results of
these measurements may not be suitable for evalu-
ation in accordance with clause 5.
3.3.3 Procedures for absolute Vibration
measurements using combiried seismic and
non-contacting relative Vibration transducers 3.5 Machine foundation and structures
If a combination of seismic and non-contacting relative The type of machine foundation and structures (for
Vibration transducers is used, the absolute Vibration is example piping) may significantly affect the measured
obtained by vectorially summing the outputs from vibration. In general, a valid comparison of Vibration
both transducers. The mounting and other require- values of machines of the Same type tan only be
ments for the non-contacting transducer are as made if the foundations and structures have similar
specified in 3.3.2. In addition, the seismic transduces dynamic characteristics.
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E) 0 ISO
3.6 Environmental Vibration and evaluation 5.3 If the evaluation criterion is the kinetic load on
of measurement System the bearing, the relative shaft Vibration shall be used
as the measure of shaft Vibration.
Prior to measuring the Vibration of an operating ma-
chine, a check with the same measuring System and 5.4 If the evaluation criterion is stator/rotor clear-
stations should be taken with the machine in an in- ances, then
operative state. When the results of such measure-
ments exceed one-third of the values specified for the a) when the Vibration of the structure, on which the
operating Speed, Steps should be taken to eliminate shaft-relative transducer is mounted, is small (i.e.
environmental Vibration effects. less than 20 % of the relative shaft Vibration), the
relative shaft Vibration shall be used as a measure
of clearance absorption;
4 Instrumentation
b) when the Vibration of the structure, on which the
The instrumentation used for the purpose of compli- shaft-relative transducer is mounted, is 20 % or
ante with this part of ISO 7919 shall be so designed more of the relative shaft Vibration, the relative
as to take into account temperature, humidity, the shaft Vibration measurement may still be used as
presence of any corrosive atmosphere, shaft surface a measure of clearance absorption unless the vi-
Speed, shaft material and surface finish, operating bration of the structure, on which the shaft-
medium (e.g. water, Oil, air or steam) in contact with relative transducer is mounted, is not
the transducer, Vibration and shock (three major axes), representative of the total Stator Vibration. In this
airborne noise, magnetic fields, metallic masses in latter case, special measurements will be re-
proximity to the tip of the transducer, and power-line quired.
voltage fluctuations and transients.
lt is desirable that the measurement System should 5.5 The shaft Vibration associated with a particular
have Provision for on-line calibration of the readout classification range depends on the size and mass of
instrumentation and, in addition, have suitable isolated the vibrating body, the characteristics of the mounting
Outputs to permit further analysis as required. System, and the output and use of the machine. lt is
therefore necessary to take into account the various
purposes and circumstances concerned when speci-
5 Evaluation criteria fying different ranges of shaft Vibration for a specific
class of machinery. Where appropriate, reference
5.1 There are two principal factors by which shaft should be made to the product specification.
Vibration is judged:
5.6 General principles for evaluation of shaft vi-
a) absolute Vibration of the shaft; bration on different machines are given in annex A.
The evaluation criteria relate to both operational mon-
b) Vibration of the shaft relative to the structural el- itoring and acceptance testing, and apply only to the
ements. Vibration produced by the machine itself and not to
Vibration transmitted from outside. For certain classes
5.2 If the evaluation criterion is the Change in shaft of machinery, the guidelines presented in this part of
Vibration, then ISO 7919 are complemented by those given in
ISO 10816-1 for measurements taken on non-rotating
a) when the Vibration of the structure, on which the Parts. If the procedures of both International Stan-
shaft-relative transducer is mounted, is small (i.e. dards are applied, the one which is more restrictive
less than 20 % of the relative shaft Vibration), ei- shall generally apply.
ther the relative shaft Vibration or absolute shaft
Specific criteria for different classes and types of ma-
Vibration may be used as a measure of shaft vi-
chinery will be given in the relevant Parts of ISO 7919
bration;
as they are developed.
b) when the Vibration of the structure, on which the
shaft-relative transducer is mounted, is 20 % or 5.7 The evaluation considered in this basic docu-
more of the relative shaft Vibration, the absolute ment is limited to broad-band Vibration without refea-
shaft Vibration shall be measured and, if found to ence to frequency components or Phase. This will in
be larger than the relative shaft Vibration, it shall most cases be adequate for acceptance testing and
be used as the measure of shaft Vibration. operational monitoring purposes. However, in some
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0 ISO ISO.7919~1:1996(E)
cases the use of vector information for Vibration as- icant. In other cases the Vibration sensitivity may be
sessment on certain machine types may be desirable. such that, although the Vibration magnitude for a par-
Vector Change information is particularly useful in de- ticular machine is satisfactory when measured under
tecting and defining changes in the dynamic state of certain steady-state conditions, it tan become unsat-
a machine, which in some cases could go undetected isfactory if these conditions Change.
when using broad-band Vibration measurements. This
is demonstrated in annex D. lt is recommended that in cases where some aspect
of the Vibration sensitivity of a machine is in question,
The specification of criteria for vector changes is be- agreement should be reached between the customer
yond the present scope of this part of ISO 7919. and supplier about the necessity and extent of any
testing or theoretical assessment.
5.8 The Vibration measured on a particular machine
may be sensitive to changes in the steady-state op-
erational condition. In most cases this is not signif-
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ISO 7919=1:1996[E)
Annex A
(normative)
The specification of evaluation criteria for shaft vi- f) the bearing type, clearance and diameter;
bration is dependent upon a wide range of factors and
the criteria adopted will vary significantly for different g) the function, output and size of the machine un-
types of machine and, in some cases, for different der consideration;
rotors in the Same coupled line. lt is important,
therefore, to ensure that valid criteria are adopted for h) the relative flexibility of the bearings, pedestals
a particular machine and that criteria which relate to and foundations;
certain types of machine are not erroneously applied
to other types. (For example, evaluation criteria for a i) the rotor mass and flexibility.
high-speed compressor operating in a petrochemical
plant are Iikely to be different from those for large Clearly, this range of factors makes it impossible to
turbo-generators.) define unique evaluation criteria which tan be applied
to all machines. Different criteria, which have been
At present, there are a limited number of published derived from operational experience, are necessary
Standards on shaft Vibration. Many of these are for for different machines, but at best they tan only be
specialized machinery and do not have widespread regarded as guidelines and there will be occasions
applications in other fields. where machines will operate safely and satisfactorily
outside any general recommendations.
This annex establishes a basis for specifying evalu-
ation criteria in terms of peak-to-peak Vibration values A.2 Evaluation criteria
(see annex B). No attempt has been made to specify
Vibration values; these will be given for different Two evaluation criteria are used to assess shaft vi-
classes and types of machinery in the relevant Parts bration. One criterion considers the magnitude of the
of ISO 7919 as they are developed. observed broad-band shaft Vibration; the second con-
siders changes in magnitude, irrespective of whether
A. 1 Factors affecting evaluation criteria they are increases or decreases.
There are a wide range of different factors which A.2.1 Criterion 1: Vibration magnitude at
need to be taken into account when specifying eval-
rated Speed under steady operating
uation criteria for shaft Vibration measurements.
conditions
Amongst these are the following:
This criterion is concerned with defining limits for
a) the purpose for which the measurement is made
shaft Vibration magnitude consistent with acceptable
(for example, the requirements for ensuring that
dynamic loads on the bearing, adequate margins on
running clearances are maintained will, in general,
the radial clearance envelope of the machine, and ac-
be different from those if the avoidance of ex-
ceptable Vibration transmission into the support
cessive kinetic load on the bearing is the main
structure and foundation. The maximum shaft vi-
concern);
bration magnitude observed at each bearing is as-
sessed against four evaluation zones established from
b) the type of measurement made - absolute or
relative Vibration; international experience.
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0 ISO ISO 79194:1996(E)
erating Speed range. It is generally accepted that Iim- is specified on the basis of the Change in broad-band
iting Vibration values will decrease as the operating Vibration magnitude occurring under steady-state op-
Speed of the machine increases, but the actual values erating conditions.
and their rate of Change with Speed will vary for dif-
ferent types of machine. When Criterion II is applied, the Vibration measure-
ments being compared shall be taken at the same
A.2.1 .l Evaluation zones transducer location and orientation, and under ap-
proximately the same machine operating conditions.
The following typical evaluation zones are defined to Significant changes from the normal Vibration magni-
permit a qualitative assessment of the shaft Vibration tudes should be investigated so that a dangerous
on a given machine and provide guidelines on possible Situation may be avoided.
actions.
Criteria for assessing changes in broad-band Vibration
Zone A: The Vibration of newly commissioned ma- for monitoring purposes are given in other Parts of
chines would normally fall within this Zone. ISO 7919. However, it should be noted that some
changes may not be detected unless the discrete
Zone B: Machines with Vibration within this zone are frequency components are monitored (see 5.7).
normally considered acceptable for unrestricted long-
term Operation. A.2.3 Operational Iim its
Zone C: Machines with Vibration within this zone are
For long-term Operation, it is common practice for
normally considered unsatisfactory for long-term con- some machine types to establish operational Vibration
tinuous Operation. Generally, the machine may be limits. These limits take the form of ALARMS and
operated for a limited period in this condition until a
TRIPS.
suitable opportunity arises for remedial action.
ALARMS: To provide a warning that a defined value
Zone D: Vibration values within this zone are normally
of Vibration has been reached or a significant Change
considered to be of sufficient severity to Cause dam-
has occurred, at which remedial action may be
age to the machine. necessary. In general, if an ALARM Situation occurs,
Operation tan continue for a period whilst investi-
A.2.1.2 Evaluation zone limits gations are carried out to identify the reason for the
Change in Vibration and define any remedial action.
Numerital values assigned to the zone boundaries are
not intended to serve as acceptance specifications, TRIPS: To specify the magnitude of Vibration beyond
which shall be subject to agreement between the which further Operation of the machine may Cause
machine manufacturer and the customer. However, darnage. If the TRIP value is exceeded, immediate
these values provide guidelines for ensuring that action should be taken to reduce the Vibration or the
gross deficiencies or unrealistic requirements are machine should be shut down.
avoided. In certain cases, there may be specific fea-
tures associated with a particular machine which Different operational limits, reflecting differentes in
would require different zone boundary values (higher dynamic loading and support stiffness, may be speci-
or lower) to be used. In such cases, it is normally fied for different measurement positions and di-
necessary to explain the reasons for this and, in par- rections.
ticular, to tonfirm that the machine will not be en-
dangered by operating with higher Vibration values. Where appropriate, guidelines for specifying ALARM
and TRIP criteria for specific machine types are given
in other Parts of ISO 7919.
A.2.2 Criterion II: Change in Vibration
magnitude
A.2.3.1 Setting of ALARMS
This criterion provides an assessment of a Change in
The ALARM values may vary considerably, up or
Vibration magnitude from , a previously established
down, for different machines. The values Chosen will
reference value. A significant increase or decrease in
normally be set relative to a baseline value deter-
broad-band Vibration magnitude may occur which re-
mined from experience for the measurement Position
quires some action even though zone C of Criterion I
or direction for that particular machine.
has not been reached. Such changes tan be änstan-
taneous or progressive with time and may indicate It is recommended that the ALARM value should be
that darnage has occurred or be a warning of an im- set higher than the baseline by an amount equal to a
pending failure or some other irregularity. Criterion Il
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E) 0 ISO
Proportion of the upper limit of zone B. If the baseline A.2.3.2 Setting of TRIPS
is low, the ALARM may be below zone C.
The TRIP values will generally relate to the mechanical
Where there is no established baseline, for example integrity of the machine and be dependent on any
with a new machine, the initial ALARM setting should specific design features which have been introduced
be based either on experience with other similar ma- to enable the machine to withstand abnormal dynamic
chines or relative to agreed acceptance values. After forces. The values used will, therefore, generally be
a period of time, the steady-state baseline value will the same for all machines of similar design and would
be established and the ALARM setting should be ad- not normally be related to the steady-state baseline
justed accordingly. value used for setting ALARMS.
If the steady-state baseline changes (for example after There may, however, be differentes for machines of
a machine overhaul), the ALARM setting should be different design and it is not possible to give guide-
revised accordingly. Different operational ALARM lines for absolute TRI.P values. In general, the TRIP
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settings may then exist for different bearings on the value will be within zone C or D.
machine, reflecting differentes in dynamic loading
and bearing support stiffnesses.
I
I Zone0
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I I
f I I
m I I
z I
E
I
m I ZoneC
OJ
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.-c0 I
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Y ZoneB
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e” I I
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--: I
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ZoneA
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Ia Relevant speedrange
I I
I 1
Rotationalfrequency of shaft -
NOTE - The actual values for Vibration at the zone boundaries and the relevant Speed range will vary for different types of
machine. lt is important to select the relevant criteria and to avoid incorrect extrapolation.
8
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ISO 79194:1996(E)
Annex B
(informative)
B.1 Mechanics of shaft Vibration the vibratory motion of the non-rotating Parts. If the
transducers measure relative Vibration, then the
The Vibration of a rotating shaft is characterized at any measured Orbit will be relative to that part of the
axial location by a kinetic Orbit, which describes how structure upon which the transducers are mounted.
the Position of the shaft centre varies with time. Fig-
ure B.1 Shows a typical Orbit. The shape of the Orbit B.3 Measurement quantities
depends upon the dynamic characteristics of the
shaft, the bearings and the bearing supports or foun- 8.3.1 Time-integrated mean Position
dations, the axial location on the rotor and the form
of Vibration excitation. For example, if the excitation --
The mean values of the shaft displacement (x,y), in
takes the form of a Single-frequency sinusoidal forte, any two specified orthogonal directions, relative to a
the Orbit is an ellipse, which tan in certain circum- reference Position, as shown in figure B.1, are defined
stances be a circle or straight line, and the time taken by integrals with respect to time, as shown in the
for the shaft centre to complete one circuit of the el- following equations:
lipse is equal to the period of the excitation forte. One
of the most important excitation forces is rotor un- 1 *2
i = - x(t)dt . . . (B-1 )
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balance, in which the excitation frequency is equal to 5 - 4 I *,
the rotational frequency of the shaft. However, there
are other forms of excitation, such as rotor cross-
1 *2
. . . (W
section asymmetry, for which the frequency is equal -=F 1 I Y (W
to multiples of the rotational frequency of the shaft. *1
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ISO 7919=1:1996(El) 0 ISO
the time-integrated mean position in any direction of approximation for the maximum peak-to-peak dis-
measurement will be the Same as the Position identi- placement value to be obtained. For more precise
fied by taking half the summation of the maximum determinations, it is necessaty to examine the shaft
and minimum displacement values. Orbit in more detail, as for example with an
oscilloscope. The three most common methods for
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The Primat-y quantities of interest in shaft measure- B.3.2.1 Method A: Resultant value of the
ments are the alternating values which describe the peak-to-peak displacement values measured in
shape of the Orbit. Consider the kinetic shaft Orbit two orthogonal directions
shown in figure B.2 and assume that there are two
transducers A and B mounted 90” apart, which are The value of +,_,),,, tan be approximated from the
used to measure the shaft Vibration. At some instant, following equation:
the shaft centre will be coincident with the Point K on
the Orbit and the corresponding instantaneous value qp-,) max=
of shaft displacement from the mean Position will be
S,. However, in the plane of the transducers A and The use of equation (B.4) as an approximation when
B, the instantaneous values of shaft displacement the Vibration is predominantly at rotational frequency
from the mean Position will be SA, and S,,, respec- will generally over-estimate the value of S~,-,),,, with
tively, where a maximum error of approximately 40 %.
$E2 2
sA1 + sB1 . . . (B-3) The maximum error occurs for a circular Orbit and
progressively reduces as the Orbit becomes flatter,
The values of S,, SA, and SB1 will vary with time as the with a zero error for the degenerate case of a straight
shaft centre moves around the Orbit; the correspond- sine Orbit.
ing waveforms measured by each transducer are
shown in figure B.2. B.3.2.2 Method B: Taking the maximum value of
the peak-to-peak displacement values measured
NOTE 6 If the Orbit is elliptical, then these waveforms in two orthogonal directions
would be pure sine waves of the same frequency.
The value of S tan be approximated from the
The peak-to-peak value of the displacement in the . .
following equatErZmax
.
plane of transducer A (SA(p-p)) is defined as the differ-
ence between the maximum and minimum displace- %-dmax = ‘A(,-,) of- sB(p-p) . . . (B.5)
ments of transducer A and similarly for SB for
transducer B. Clearly &(,-,) and SB&,,) values will not whichever is the greater.
be equal and, in general, they will be different from
similar measurements made in other radial directions. The use of equation (B.5) as an approximation when
Hence, the value of the peak-to-peak displacement is the Vibration is predominantly at rotational frequency
dependent on the direction of the measurement. will generally under-estimate the value of St,_,),,,,
with a maximum error of approximately 30 %.
Since these measurement quantities are independent
of the absolute value of the mean Position, it is not The maximum error occurs for a flat Orbit and pro-
necessary to use Systems which tan measure both gressively reduces as the Orbit becomes circular, with
the mean and alternating values. a zero error when the Orbit is circular.
Peak-to-peak displacement is the unit which has been B.3.2.3 Method C: Measurement of Sm,,
used most frequently for monitoring Vibration of ro-
tating machines. The instantaneous value of the shaft displacement
tan be defined by S,, as shown in figure B-2, which is
Whereas measurement of the peak-to-peak displace- derived from the transducer measurements SA1 and
ment in any two given orthogonal directions is a sim- SB1 using equation (B.3). There is a Point on the Orbit,
ple matter, the value and angular position of the defined by Point P in figure B.2, where the displace-
maximum peak-to-peak displacement shown in men% from the mean position is a maximum. The
figure B.2 is difficult to measure directiy. However, in value sf S, corresponding to this posrtron BSdenoted
practice, rt has been found acceptable to use aiterna- bY &nax~ which is defined as the maximum value ot
tive measurement quantities which enable a suitable displacement
10
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0 ISO ISO 79194:1996(E)
44
Time-dependent alternating values of shaft displacement
Y(t) >
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ISO 79194:1996(E)
Transducer 6
Transducer A waveform
Transducer A
-
Transducerß
%-P) r-T-lax
Maximum value of peak-to-peak displacement
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12
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
Annex C
(informative
13
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BS0 7919=1:1996(E~ 0 ISO
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axes parallel to ensure that both undergo the same
support structure and the time-dependent alternating
absolute structural motion.
dispiacement value of absolute shaft Vibration, which
The non-contacting transducer Portion of the System is the vectorial sum of the absolute motion of the
should be similar to that described in clause C-1, and structure and the relative motion of the shaft.
should provide an output proportional to the relative
shaft Vibration displacement, as weil as gap distance. C.4 Overall instrument System
This output is the resultant of two motions: the mo- Performance and environmenta
tion of the shaft, and the motion of the structure on considerations
which the non-contacting transducer is mounted.
System Performance and environmen al consider-
The output of the seismic transducer, which is pro-
ations will form the subjects of future International
portional to the motion of the structure to which it and
Standards.
LocaCSignal
Remote readout
conditioner
instrument
Optional output
for alarmsbrips,
recording and/or
analysis instruments
/ Non-contacting
transducer
14
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ISO 79194:1996(ET)
Seismic
transducer
Signal condi t ioner Remote readout
instrument
Optional output
for alarms/trips,
recording and/or
Machine structure analysis instruments
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Local Signal
condi tioner
Optional output
‘for alarms/trips,
- recording and/or
/-- Machine structure
-./-- analysis instruments
,
’ ,’
/i
\ .\
\ \\
-----.
,,/
-1 j -----
Non-contacting transducer
I
Lee--_ I
Seismic transducer
15
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PS0 7919~1:1996(E)
Annex D
(informative) ’
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
180"
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2?0”
Figure D.1 - Comparison of vector Change and Change in magnitude for a discrete frequency component
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
Annex E
(informative)
Bibliography
Ul ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock - Vocabu- land-based steam turbine generator sets in ex-
m . cess of 50 MW.
VI ISO 5348:1987, Mechanical Vibration and shock [8] ISO 10816-3:- IJ, Mechanical Vibration - Evalu-
- Mechanical mounting of accelerometers. ation of machine Vibration by measurements on
non-r0 ta ting Parts - Part 3: Industrial machines
t-3 ISO 7919-2: 1996, Mechanical Vibration of non- with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal
reciproca ting machines - Measuremen ts on Speeds between 120 r/min and 15000
rotating shafts and evaluation criteria - Part 2: r/min when measured in situ.
Large land-based steam turbine genera tor se ts.
[9] ISO 10816-4:- ‘), Mechanical Vibration - Evalu-
Pl ISO 7919-3: 1996, Mechanical Vibration of non- ation of machine Vibration by measurements on
reciprocating machines - Measurements on non-r0 ta ting Parts - Part 4: Gas turbine drjven
rotating shafts and evaluation criteria - Part 3: sets excluding aircraft derivatives.
Coupled industrial machines.
[IO] ISO 10816-5:- 1), Mechanical Vibration - Eval-
CS1 ISO 79q 9-4: 1996, Mechanical Vibration of non- uation of machine Vibration by measurements
reciproca ting machines - Measuremen ts on on non-r0 ta ting Parts - Part 5: Machine sets in
rotating shafts and evaluation criteria - Part 4: hydraulic power generating and pumping
Gas turbine Sets. plan ts.
Fl ISO 7919-5:-1’, Mechanical vibra tion of non- [l l] ISO 10816-6:1995, Mechanical Vibration -
reciprocating machines - Measurements on Evaluation of machine Vibration by measure-
rotating shafts and evaluation criteria - Part 5: ments on non-r0 ta ting Parts - Part 6:
Mach\jne sets in hydraulic power generating and ßeciprocating machines with power ratings
pumping plan ts. above 100 kW.
Ul ISO 10816-2: 1996, Mechanical Vibration - [12] ISO 10817-l :--‘), ßotating shaft Vibration
Evaluation of machine Vibration b y measure- measurement Systems - Part 1: Relative and
men ts on non-rota ting Parts - Part 2.. Large absolute Signal sensing of radial Vibration from
rotating shafts.
1) To be published.
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ISO 7919=1:1996(E)
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ICS 17.160
Descriptors: vibration, rotatlng machines, shafts (rotating), tests, vibration tests, measurement, vibration measuremenu.
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