CHAPTER 19 *Ghent copies that were sent to Hong Kong were
confiscated and is forever lost and is sold at very high
El Filibusterismo
INTRODUCTION
OCTOBER 1887 IN CALAMBA- Rizal started writing the
El Filibusterismo
1888 IN LODON- He made revisions in the book
MARCH 29 1891 IN BIARRITZ- The El Filibusterimo was
finished
SEPTEMBER 18, 1891- The El Filibusterismo was
published
PRIVATIONS IN GHENT
JULY 5, 1891- Rizal left Brussels for Ghent
1. The cost of printing was cheaper
2. To escape Suzanne Jacoby
People he met during his stay in Belgium
1. Jose Alijandro (Roommate)
2. Edilberto Evangelista
The two lads were both studying engineering at
the Ghent University
PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Publisher – F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS, NO. 66
VIAANDEREN STREET.
APRIL 6 – Due to low funds the printing was suspended.
Half of the manuscript was only printed
VENETURA, SAVIOR OF THE FILI
VALENTIN VENTURA- Due to the lack of funds when he
was in Belgium he was tempted to burn the El Fili like
his first novel the Noli, but then an unexpected person
heard about his dilemma and sent money right away to
continue the printing of the El Fili, thus saving the novel.
“EL FILIBUSTERISMO” COMES OF THE PRESS
SEPTEMBER 18, 1891- The El Filibusterismo was
published
Sent to copies to Honk Kong for both Basa and Sixto
Lopez, while Ventura was given the original copy of the
book and printed copy with an autograph of Rizal.
ALEXANDER DUMAS – where the novel’s style was
compared to. “A model and a precious jewel in the now
decadent literature of Spain.”
OCTOBER 1891 – El nuevo regimen, serialized the novel
in its issues.
prices.
DEDICATED TO GOM-BUR-ZA
El Fili was dedicated to the Gom-Bur-Za for they were
wrongly accused as believed by Rizal.
Had several errors in the dedicatory notes.
INSCRIPTITON ON THE TITLE PAGE
FERDINAND BLUMENTTRIT- Wrote an inscription
stating how Rizal was able to fool the friars in spreading
the ideas of revolution.
MANUSCRIPT OF THE BOOK
FILIPINA DIVISION (BUREAU OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES,
MANILA)– where the original manuscript is preserved.
P 10,000 – The price that the book was bought form
Ventura.
FOREWORD AND WARNING was removed due to lack
of funds.
The foreword states how Filipinos should react to the
ongoing crisis in the Philippines.
The warning states that everything that was written was
true and so are the characters.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO SYNOPSIS
The sequel to Noli Me Tangere with its unarguably
utopian vision, el Filibusterismo offers a much bleaker
picture of the last decades of the nineteenth century.
Crisostomo Ibarra, the reformist hero of the earlier
novel, has come back to the Philippines as the enigmatic
stranger named Simoun, a rich jeweller. Driven by
hatred and a fierce desire to avenge his sufferings, and
to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery where she has
fled, Simoun embarks on a crusade the goal of which is
to corrupt and thus weaken various institutions that
would eventually lead to a bloody revolution. He
schemes and plans systematically and plots with various
characters, including Basilio, to bring about the downfall
of the government. The first plot fails, as does the
second one. Simoun, carrying his huge stash of jewelry,
flees to the mountain retreat of Padre Florentino, who
absolves the dying man from his sins. The novel ends as
the priest throws Simoun's treasures into the sea with
the hope that they could be retrieved and used only for
the good of the people.
“NOLI AND FILI” COMPARED
Noli me tangere is a romantic novel, it is a work of the
heart and a book of feeling. It has freshness, color,
humor, lightness, and wit whilst El filibusterismo is a
political novel, it is a work of the head and a book of
thought. This book contains bitterness, hatred, pain,
violence, and sorrow
In Rizal’s opinion NOLI is superior than of FILI as a novel
agreeing with M.H. Del Pilar, like wise with Retana – the
first Spanish biographer of Rizal. Furthermore,
Blumenttrit, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Dr. Rafael Palma
says otherwise. However, in Mariano Ponce’s point of
view Noli and the Fili are equal, neither is superior.
CHARACTERS IN RELATION WITH THE NOLI
Noli me Tangere
Crisóstomo Ibarra -Also known in his full name as Juan
Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin, a Filipino who studied in
Europe for 7 years, the love interest of Maria Clara. Son
of the deceased Don Rafael Ibarra; Crisostomo changed
his surname from Eibarramendia to Ibarra, from his
ancestor's surname.
Elías -Ibarra's mysterious friend, a master boater, also a
fugitive. He was referred to at one point as the pilot. He
wants to revolutionize his country. Ibarra's grandfather
condemned his grandfather of burning a warehouse,
making Elias the fugitive he is.
María Clara -María Clara de los Santos, Ibarra's
sweetheart; the illegitimate daughter of Father Dámaso
and Pía Alba.
Father Dámaso -Also known in his full name as Dámaso
Verdolagas, Franciscan friar and María Clara's
Don Filipo -A close relative of Ibarra, and a Filibuster.
Linares -A distant nephew of Don Tiburcio de Espadana,
the would-be fiance of Maria Clara.
Captain General (no specific name) - The most
powerful official in the Philippines, a hater of secular
priests and corrupt officials, and a friend of Ibarra.
Captain Pablo -The Leader of the rebels, whose family
was destroyed because of the Spanish.
Tarcilo and Bruno Brothers -whose father was killed by
the Spaniards.
Sisa -The mother of Basilio and Crispín, who went
insane after losing her sons.
Basilio -The elder son of Sisa.
Crispín -The younger son of Sisa who died from the
punishment from the soldiers from the false accusation
of stealing an amount of money.
Padre Sibyla -Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar. He
is described as short and has fair skin.
Kaptain Tiago -Also known in his fullname as Don
Santiago de los Santos the known father of María Clara
but not the real one; lives in Binondo.
Padri Salví -Also known in his full name as Bernardo
Salví, a secret admirer of María Clara.
Pilosopo Tasyo -Also known as Don Anastasio,
portrayed in the novel as a pessimist, cynic, and mad by
his neighbors.
The Alférez -Chief of the Guardia Civil ; mortal enemy of
the priests for the power in San Diego.
Don Tiburcio -Spanish husband of Donya Victorina who
is limp and submissive to his wife; he also pretends to
be a doctor.
Doña Victorina -Victorina de los Reyes de De Espadaña,
a woman who passes herself off as a Peninsular.
Doña Consolación -Wife of the Alférez, another woman
who passes herself as a Peninsular; best remembered
for her abusive treatment of Sisa.
Pedro -Abusive husband of Sisa who loves cockfighting.
Old Tasio -An older man who Ibarra seeks advice from.
The town thinks him mad, but in actuality he is quite
wise.
El Filibusterismo
Simoun -Crisóstomo Ibarra reincarnated as a wealthy
jeweler, bent on starting a revolution
Basilio -Sisa's son, now an aspiring doctor.
Isagani -poet and Basilio's best friend; portrayed as
emotional and reactive; Paulita Gómez' boyfriend
before being dumped for fellow student Juanito Peláez
Kabesang Tales - Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former
cabeza de barangay (barangay head) who resurfaced as
the feared Luzón bandit Matanglawin (Tagalog for
Hawkeye); his father, Old Man Selo, dies eventually
after his own son Tano, who became a guardia civil,
unknowingly shoots his grandfather in an encounter
Don Custodio -Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de
Monteredondo, a famous journalist who was asked by
the students about his decision for the Academia de
Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who
married a rich woman in order to be a member of
Manila's high society
Paulita Gómez -the girlfriend of Isagani and the niece
of Doña Victorina, the old India who passes herself off
as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor
Tiburcio de Espadaña. In the end, she and Juanito
Peláez are wed, and she dumps Isagani, believing that
she will have no future if she marries him
Father Florentino -Isagani's godfather, and a secular
priest; was engaged to be married, but chose the
priesthood instead, the story hinting at the ambivalence
of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote
place, living in solitude near the sea.
Huli -Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the
youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales
Ben Zayb -Abraham Ibañez is his real name. He is a
journalist who thinks he is the only one thinking in the
Philippines
Placido Penitente -a student of the University of Santo
Tomas who is always miserable, and therefore controls
his temper
Quiroga -a Chinese businessman who dreamt of being a
consul of a Consulate of China in the Philippines. He hid
Simoun's weapons inside his house
Old Man Selo-father of Kabesang Tales. He raised the
sick and young Basilio after his mother Sisa had died
Father Fernandez -the priest-friend of Isagani. He
promised to Isagani that he and the other priests will
give in to the students' demands
Attorney Pasta -one of the great lawyers of mid-
Hispanic Manila
Padre Sibyla -Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar and
now vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas
(U.S.T.)
RIZAL’S UNFINISHED THIRD NOVEL
 Rizal had already in mind to pen his 3rd novel
before Juan Luna suggested him of writing
another one
 September 22, 1891, he wrote a letter to
Blumentritt
 October 18, 1891, he boarded “Melbourne”
bound for Hong Kong
 During the voyage he began to write his 3rd
novel in Tagalog then he continued when he
reached Hong Kong but he didn’t finish it
 The unfinished novel has no title and is
preserved in the National Library, Manila
 Rizal was fortunate not to have finished his
third novel, because it would have caused
greater scandal and Spanish vengeance on him
RIZAL’S OTHER UNFINISHED NOVELS
 “Makamisa” another unfinished novel of Rizal
in Tagalog, written in a light sarcastic style and
2 chapters only are finished
 “Dapitan” another unfinished novel, written in
Ironic Spanish. He wrote this during his exile in
Dapitan
 A novel in Spanish about the life in Pili, a town
in Laguna
 Novel about “Cristobal” a youth Filipino
student from Europe
 Beginnings of another novel contained in 2
notebooks—the first contains of 31pgs, second,
12 written pages. Which was written in Spanish
and the style is ironic
CHAPTER 20
Ophthalmic surgeon in Hong Kong
(1891-92)
FAREWELL TO EUROPE
 October 3, 1891, Rizal left Ghent for Paris,
where he stayed a few days to say good bye to
his friends
 October 22, 1891, he as usual wrote a letter to
Blumentritt describing the weather and his trip
 There were over 80 passengers, as usual he
amazed his fellow passengers because of his
knowledge of many language and skill in
sketching
RIZAL AND THE GERMAN LADIES
 The passengers were having their meal and
Rizal, being the only Asian, was eating alone at
one table near him were some German Ladies
 The ladies were gossiping about Rizal and he
understood what they were saying but he kept
silent
 The steamer encountered a heavy squall, the
dining room’s door was blown open
  Rizal closed the door and started to conversed - TO MY PARENTS, BRETHEREN, AND FRIENDS
with the ladies wherein the ladies were very - TO THE FILIPINOS
much embarrassed and treated Rizal with Both are letters contain his political testaments and
admiration and respect serves as his farewell letters.

Arrived in Hong Kong RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP

- Arrival: November 20, 1891
- Rizal opened a medical clinic
- December 1, 1891, he wrote his parents asking their
permission to return home
Family Reunion in Hong Kong
-. Christmas celebration of Rizal’s family
- January 31, 1892, he writes to Blumentritt, recounting
their pleasant life in Hong Kong
JUNE 21, 1892 – Rizal sent a letter to Governor
Despujol, before Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hong
Kong.
- A secret case was filed against Rizal and his
followers for ANTI-RELIGIOUS AND ANTI-
PATRIOTIC AGITATION.
LUIS DE LA TORRE – Secretary of Governor Despujol,
who was tasked to find out if Rizal was neutralized as a
German citizen as was rumored.

Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong

- Rizal practiced Medicine and eventually became a
successful and well-known medical practitioner in the
British Colony
- His friends who were in Europe gave him moral and
substantial aid in his medical practice in Hong Kong

Borneo Colonization Project

- Planned the “Borneo Colonization Project”
- Pag-upo of the new Governor General Eulogio
Despujol

Writings in Hong Kong

- Rizal contributed articles to the British daily
newspaper
- Constitution of the Liga Filipina was the most
important writing made by Rizal during his Hong Kong
sojourn

DECISIONS TO RETURN TO MANILA

MAY 1892 – Rizal returns to Manila

1. To discuss with governor Despujol regarding

his Borneo colonization project.
2. To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila and;
3. To prove that Eduardo De Lete was wrong
in attacking him in Madrid.
APRIL 15, 1892 – Printed n the La Solidaridad was Lete’s
attack on Rizal.
MAY 23, 1892 – Rizal apologized to Ponce for the article
that was published.

LAST HONG KONG LETTERS

JUNE 20, 1892 – The day after his birthday, he wrote
two letters addressed: