‘COMPLICATED ‘WATCHES AND THEIR REPAIR‘Author's additonal books Waren aNo Ctock ENCYCLOPAEDIA Practica WATCH REPAIRING Pracricat, CLOCK REPAIRING \Warcrwanens’ ano CLOCKMAKERS’ ENCYCLOPAEDIA Wri rie WarcHMAKeR At THE DENCH Brine Tie “Tue Warcinacen's LATHE AND How To Use It Pracricat. WATCH ADIUSTHENT (Crocs ao THEIR VALUE COMPLICATED WATCHES and Their Repair by DONALD DE CARLE, F.BHL Medalist British Hovotopical Institute: Lineman, Wont Conpay of Cckaba Chatman, Desh Hosoi Iasi, 136-7 Mlustrations by E. A. AYRES, FBI, BONANZA BOOKS, NEW YORKFiat publihed seria in HOROLOGICAL JOURNAL Fiat impresion 1936 Focsnie reprint 3977 Copyright © MCMLVI and MCMLXXVII by Donald de Carle and NAG Lid. ‘i conjunction with Northwood Publications Lid Allright reserved “This edition is published by Bonanza Books, ‘s division of Crown Publishers, In. by arrangement with NAG Prev Lid abedetgh BONANZA 1979 EDITION ‘Manufactured in he United Sats of America {itr of Congress CatogogiaPbietion Data De Cate, Dona “Complicated watches and hee repair. Thcdes index {Clocks nd Watches—Repating and adjusting 1 ‘ssd7D373_ 1979 6Y-114028 ——79-13897 ISBN: 0:517-29282-1 PREFACE Compiced watches have always been interesting tthe ensastic forolgst bu nw the need to understand some complicated watches af tea as ecm day ees ih he iereaingprodcin of automatic wachs,chronoar and 10a leser extent, clear aches, the redo desta seek work has Become na The aim nhs book hasbeen to make the mork as raghfonvard as sible with no ambigly, and Yo then te strains ee Pep ‘tons of special made pen and draings he predominance pve fo outomaric wach the Bock is inevitable ‘for tro resos: ont, becowe there isan wil Be on err ince imnber of uch watches pang trough The morksogs Jor seri and, secondly, becuse here art 30 many aiferem syns. Wheres tmodtn chronograph nd repeaters are ondamenal ihe same, alt OF mai hae eid hing ifr oe er tay be assumed by sme tht the repair of complicated watches ls “fal when in fact ents Iti of couse esenia for the eats man to have a sound knowledge and some experience of ordna’y watches, ther than this, ea cre and ome thought wil enrresccese here ‘resume acts which is necessary forthe begine ia complicated work tobe fught and frst is book lf thet ned ‘My sincere thnks are due 10 Mr Efe Aves fr is lid cox operation wth such excelent dranng, and vo br D8. Toten fo 9 Saray renting the profs ofthe book, Metis. Pack Piiope wllngy and courteously placed a mamer of ilasrtons a my dpe ind thanks are eipecialy duet them forthe excel poogapls of ‘ew perpetual clear watch which they had made special Jor the lhe i ore 0 ete preparing the coe fs My thanks ae als due othe many Swit and American manafcarers who to kindly helped witha and ofematon D. de CARLE.CONTENTS. ‘Secon 1 and Section EC: Anta Wate ETAROTOR iEnauchn FRNA HERE INTERNATIONAL Tease Mevabo SuEg PATER rire ‘e ice 3 a ROMMeR : ie Botany a ROTOMATIC (Enaihen 3 Teer & TERA & Ih rae of nal ot li for drat poe ee (Page The Eartr (Page 1) onde Rotomar Gage Sh Saaioe 1: Te Cheon Sroorme 2 Aton Canes, sana Conc Warns : (Givowccnuon Wir Ber owe See Ror Rea ‘Amery ort Vac Crnovootan ‘ASpany ox we tavoeten Cnoncoaanasezeseeeesseen = BSbeeaseese Section VIL: Repeta and Clock Watch —coninn ‘Hats oars Reva Eber Ret "Guin rr me Hos uta Gn ‘Secon VII: Indipendent and Jnping Secnde Watcher Thoemeer Secon sem Scones (Lowy) Seton DC: Mare Automate Walcer ‘Sr Stee Tor maINTRODUCTION ‘Coueruicareo work sounds very dificult, but infact ti not, There are, ofcourse diferent depres of complication in watches, but with ‘aperienoe end the necessary amount of till ay repairer who works slowly, methodically, accurately, carefully and genuy is bound to suered, ‘With any complicated work thee is one overriding consderntion at the work beach—care. Complicaled watches need mich more ‘careful handling thaa ordinary time-ofday watches.” They eanaat be epured in a hurry ; they wil not stand it and wil eventually get the beter ofthe repairer. Never did the adage ” More hatte, lett speed” ‘more aptly apply To become succesful repairers of complicated watches students rust.be methodical—not that it is unnecettary to be methodical ‘when repairing ordinary watches, ft from it—but when dealing with {ty form of complicated watch i is vit. "Naturally, complicated work should aot be the reader's rt attempt sat watch work and this book is writen for the student who is well ‘Yersed in all ordinary work and knows how to use tool. ‘The book is concerned wit the repair of automatic winding watches ; timers; chronographs ; split second chronographs calendars ¢ (quarter and minute repeaters ; and tiple complicated and clock Watches, “An explanation of the type of watch being dealt with wil be given at the beginning ofeach chapter. ‘There are numerous version ofthe same type of complicated watch, FFor instance, there are more than 20 diferent variations of automatic watches and the diferent types ofchronographe must run ito dozens Several diferent designs or callbes of automatic watch will be cone ‘dered and one of each of the more popular calles of chronograph Calendar watches (the simple type, and perpetual), repeating watches, ‘and the tiple complicated watcher which include repeating, chron: ‘Faph and perpetual calendar mechanism in the same watch, and lock watches, will receive the attention their importance or popuiaity call forCOMPLICATED WATCHES. AND THEIR REPAIRSection 1 AUTOMATIC WATCHES ‘This chapter deals with the automatically wound watch with pedo- meer form of mechanism. Two types are in common ute, one Where the rotor makes a complete revolution and the other whete the rotor rotates through a segment of a circle and banks on each side Upon ‘bumper springs. Of the two sysems the one where the rotor makes ‘complete rotation and winds in both directions is the bet. The ‘other system sometimes referred to as the "hammer" type cannot ake the fullest advantage of every movement ofthe writ ofthe wearer. the constant knocking of the rotor upon the bumper springs ‘an be disturbing to the wearer ‘There is litle doubt thatthe automatic watch has come to stay, land the reason isnot far to seek. First and foremost i hat constant fore is supplied by the mainspring daring the hours when the watch is worn. Every horologist is conscious of the necessity of a" good action” (ie, » good are of vibration ofthe balance) especialy n'a watch worn on the wrist. Because ofthis, the error due to lack of ‘aochronism of the balance is reduced. A good timekeeping rate cannot be expected ifthe action is poor. By" good rate™ is meant ‘constant error in timekeeping ; for instance, ifthe rate i, sa), 30 seconds per week fast, the watch will not deviate more than few seconds from that ate either way. It should pot suddenly gan or lose, sty, 15 seconds on its rate. A watch may Keep time to 60 seconds pet ‘week but dung the week it may be + the fist day “+ 30 the second day + Othe third day, 80 the fourth day $6 the ith day ; +40 the sath day; + Cte seventh day. Tn this ease the rate is poor. A good rate would be + 9 seconds each day, To obtain this condition a watch must rach certain standards particulary, general ‘od quality in finish, and correct adjustment of the tala 400 the 1acapement, including the balance and spring, Thi, there must be tan equal oF almost equal torque of the mainsprig at allies. Wiating Watch ‘To obtain an almost equal torque of the mainspring, a fusee was introduced many years ago, but tis practice is not only costly but cumbersome. The next best practice is fo use automatic winding ‘To obtain the best result ftom an ordinary winding watch itis rnecesary to wind it in the morning-—or immediately before it ie ‘worothete observations apply particularly to wrist watches. The ‘eaton for winding before wearing to ensure thatthe balance shall Ive an arc of, say, If turns. "Under these conditions the balance less liable to be inlueaced by the movements of the wearer. ‘eats ave been made indicating that with the sipping maispring ‘wed in automatic watches the torque may not be absolutely constant 2 to an erratic slipping of the mainspring. When the mainapring Jn fully Wound it may sip back, say, half «turn and with continued ‘we and consequent movement of the rotor, build up again to become fally wound, then slipping back, say, for three-quaciers of «turn, and ‘The variation of torque can, comparatively, be only slight and no doubt a device wil be found to correct even this sight enor. For instance, eight or more slight notches eut into the inside of the wall ofthe barrel will prevent a good deal of excesive sl to, aking the broud view, dhe automatic winding is ‘vents have proved it to be so. ‘Good rates can be obiained with ordinary winding watches and if sulomatic winding ie added to movements of the same siz, exra- ‘ordinarily good rates will be obtained. Manufacturer are inclined {use a smal size movement for automatics, say, 94" in a 12” case, 1 accommodate the automatic mechanism, but there isa trend t0 ast larger ‘movements. Eventually there will be the combination of large movement and controlled slipping mainspring, which, with the progress already made with balance springs of low therinal eon, fhould produce a watch with almott perfect rte, Makers of Antomnatice ‘A trust, Ehauches S.A. has been formed in Switterland of the bauehe manufacturers, i, the factories which make the framework ‘or major portion ofthe waich. Other factories make the excapement tod there are factories which specialise in makiog dials hands cases, tie. Finally, there are the "finshers™ A” Gnisher isthe factory ‘where the movement from the ébeuche factory is completed the lates, bridges et, scapement fied ; sprung and timed ; dal and hands fitted and finally the movement cased. There ate 17 Eauche factories controlled by ‘Ebwuches S.A. but thee are dozens of the finishing factories and each ‘of the fnithing factories gives the watch it fnihes a name, a trade same, and aa individuality ofits own. In addition there are well ‘over 100 factories in Switzerland that rake their own ébauche and Snish the movement as wel Ebauches S.A. factories make three automatic Sbauches which are sold {0 many finishers. The action and repair ofthese three models, fare deseribed and also moverents of the "complete factories” are eat with, so that if the reader comes across a movernent with a name that is not among the" complete factory" Ist he wil know that its probably one ofthe Ehnuches movements General Notes on Automation ‘When winding the watch by the winding button, wind slowly. The ‘uiomatie winding mechanism terminates in x train of wheel, which fre sometimes small with fine pivots, and frequently the wheel are thin and delieate, but quite strong enough forthe purpose for which they are normally required. Winding the button’ vigorously places fan undue strain upon these pars mentioned and damage may Qocur. Some movements are so designed thatthe train of wheels is ot inter™ fered with when winding by the button ‘The cost to a manufacturer to tool up and produce a new calibre 's enormous, and you may be sure every cate has been taken in the design to ensure satisfaction of the nished article. “A prototype ft ‘made, lngely by hand, and thoroughly tested. Each part—wheels inios, levers, springs, screws, eo=is carefully studied asi i io {he factory’ interest to design and produce the best possible article. ‘Therefore, do not be tempted to alter the design of any pat. Ifyou ‘think the ful lie inthe malformation ofa certain part proce a new Bicce from the factory that made the movement. It isnot advisable fo ater the shape of part or even to repair a damaged part but to fit new piece as supplied by the manufacturer, Tee important to use the mainspring as supplied by the factory. Avtomatic winding mai- Springs ate fited with a special slipping device and although these slipping ends may look simple to mate they ae not. Tey are made ‘ofa specaly-bardened and tempered steel and formed to required ‘eure. Generally speaking, i is not advieable to remove the maine spring i it looks fresh and clean Oil the automatic mechanism aa indicated. Each manufacture of the movements described as been proached and the ol and oiling instructions given ae those recom ‘mended by the actual manufacturer, aboat O11 ‘A few words about ol will not be out of place. The vteoity of the oil used in an ordinary watch is important, but itis even more s0-when dealing with an automatic watch. ‘The Swiss recommend certain grades for particlar part and in variably they advise Chronax coll, mage by Compagnie. Francaise de Raffinage, Pats, France. If this oll is aot available an approx mate equivalent may be obtained from the able following. Ragosine watch and clock ols are manufactured by Rocol Ltd, London and Leeds, and have been approved and recommended by Smith's Clocks and’ Watches, Ltd, being wied in ll their products, Chronax Oi! Ragas Oi! HEH, Grade 300 (heavy oi). x. Grade 180 (chronometers and clocks) ¢ Grade 120 Garge watehes and smal clocks) D. Grade 120 large watehet and small clocks), CBA. Grade 60 (balance hole and eteapements ‘of small watches). Grease For Iubricatiog some paris where 4 greate it requited, activated ssrease is recommended. ‘Activated grease sa combination of miner frease, ie. petroleum ely with the addition of solid animal fat, eg. ‘Searne or stearic acid, to prevent spreading. Use nine parte petroleum iy to one pat animal fat, wel mined tity iff paste. The word active” in this connection means it has non-spreading. qualities. Generally speaking, animal (ond vegetable, «-. olive) cls have non spreading properties, while mineral ols are deficient in that respect, hence an animal or vegetable ol tends to" tay put” while a miners cil spreads uot it dissipates iwel? away completely from the place ‘where it was originally put. The activation can be achieved in two ‘mays, one by treating the surface tobe old (Eplame process) and the other by mixing the active substance (animal ol or stearic sei) with ‘he ol.” To summarise: plane ~A solution of steatic acid toluene or earbon tetrachloride ‘oF other pure ft solvent. Benzine i not suitable owing to impurities, hich in course of time have a bd effect on the ol “Activated (French “ acivée") treated to prevent spreading of oil or other Iubrcant. Activated tubricant oil or grease containing animal oil or other active substance (eg. Stearic Seid, olive ol, nea's foot cil ee). Activated surfaces.—Susfaces of pivots, jewel holes, ec, which Ihave Been tested to prevent cil spreading. Activated ois are usually petroleum oils to which a certain quantity of animal or vegetable oil has been added, ‘Activated grease —Made from & petroleum bate, ¢, petroleum Jelly withthe addition of slid animal fat such as state or stearic Acid, or an active ail such a8 netefot or olive al It might seem that animal or vegetable oil used alone would tolve the watchmakers problems, but this i not practicable a3 both these types of il tend to thicken quickly with age and. are also subject {0 considerable thickening at low temperatures. There is one exception to this rule, the ofl made by Kelley's from the jaw of the porpoise Mineral cil is less Hikely to become thick with age, and another point init favour is that a it is less dificult to refine, it ultimate Cost tothe watchmaker ‘The ute ofa correct ol fora particular parpote is important. If the pars of the automatic mechanism are not ile with the correct ol the watch may not wind sucessful Stoppers ‘When an automatic watch stope and itis not fitted with an " up- and-down'” (feserve power) indiator, it it advisable to discover itis the automatic mechanism or the watch movement which 1 at faut. "Ifthe movement is ited with up-and-down work it wil at ‘once be seen that if the indicator point fo fully wound it must be the watch movement that is at fault; on the other hand, if the indicator Point to run dowa, then it must be the automate work, no indicator mechanism is ited iti better to remove the tuto- matic work (or part of it according tothe type of movement) and apply the usual teats to the movement to ascertain iti fully wound, ‘Should it be fully wound, it will be apparent thatthe fault is with, the movement ; but should it not be wound, then the fault i i the 1 is generally better to assemble the automatic mechanism on to the movement after the movement proper hat been flly assembled, with dia and hands, and fted into i ease. When the automate work has been ited, apply the folowing test. (These remarks refer to al movements where a rotor i employed). Hold the watch sight igh in a vertical position Before the back of the ease is i’ place fn ith the rotor facing you. "Now turn the watch, stil vertical, 40 that the rotor falls to the Bottom. Keep tuning the watch and the rotor should alvays remain a the bottom. Reverse the directo And the rotor should sill remain atthe bottom. If itis found thai sthe rotor lifts and i inctined to rotate with the watch then there i an obstruction. Examine carefully to find where the binding occurs and ‘make the necesary adjustments “Where bumger springs are employed apply the same test and rotate ‘the watch to that the bumper epring on each side makes contact with, ‘the rotor. While this text is being carried out observe thatthe ator ‘matic mechaniem is winding the watch. 1s of vital importance that the rotor should be absohely fee, s0 that the fulest adhantage ts taken of every movement of the wearer's vere while the watch i being worn Toe Matanrog Special care must be pve tothe mainsprng of al antomate winding water Ii tetany to sonore the npg Becton ot ‘Bskened ol clan i carey wit pee of tae paper dipped in ‘beazne and draw the opring oouph fo, keeping ne erate ofthe ating. Do oot atempt to sinter ut the sprig. Clean the sipping spring devie and, before replacing itn the bare, ve tated gree lit onthe inde wl ofthe bate Sora sey sf sping Thins important bcaue the sipping isjerty in incite th maiapring tp too uch ad the aount of sipping controls the amount ot fore te sping exes It the Sprig spe too much en the crve ofthe ppg pce must be Aineaed out” Conversely, te spring winds up S00 Sey is abe tocaute the balance tone the akg, ad the cuve fe sping ‘ace must he more gle ‘The esntions Figs. 1 and 2 show the maigpring bridle incorrectly ved, aot ellowing the mainapig tobe fly wovnd, and correct Sure. Thseiluneationk are inended ss general pide Abd mat Sot be kena comet forall aches, (COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THE REPAIR Fig. 3 is of a special winder for mainseings with bridles, made by Bergeon, Practically all Swise mani facturers' recommend this winder. Some manufacurers of automatic winding watches tue the bridle as made 204 gs. pc matopig we by Be Patented by Fabrique Suisse "facture? tr de Resort S.Ay Fig. 4, ‘he manufacturers of the Sirius mainspring. The springs, complete ‘with bridle, are supplied in rings and its adviaable to push the spring tothe barrel without removing the rng. UF, during repair, it nas been necessary to remove the maintpring Y from the bare it can be replaced by hand, 4s shown i. the fout : lastrations Figs. 4 0 7. This method does prevent the risk of damaging. the rim of the barrel. Ifpossbie, 4 ‘wind the mainepring (7 \\ F\ SES ) and posh direct into {oe the barrel. ‘The inside Giameter of the ring should be 0.20 to 0.30, mm. larger than the be wound by inside dametet of the Mideand Nie tare bare BIDYNATOR (Ebuucbes, S.A.) Felsa S.A. Grenchen, Switzerland, make an automatic known as the Bidynator. The sizeof the movement is 11} ~ 26 mm, calbee No. 690. The rotor traverses through 36", winding in both dveetions, 1(CouMicaTaD WATCHES AND THER REPAIR sand there is a centre seconds hand. Fig. 8 shows the movement, tnd Fig. 9 shows it withthe dal removed. Fie 9.—The Biparar wih te al ‘To remove the movement {rom its cate, loosen the two serews, A ‘and B (Fig. 10), and push back the small bolt pieces. Remove the ‘winding shaft and lithe movement out of the case Fe ewe mom fom Th, Rare the ‘To take the automatic mechanism to picts push down the small bolt piece (Fig. 8) to the left as shown by the arrow engraved on the rotor. Lift the rotor sttight up, carefully, and away from the ‘movement, It wil be noted that there are two jewel holes in the ‘tor, one fiting on the lower part of the central post, and the other, ‘smaller hole, forthe pivot atthe top ofthe por. If any undue side pressure is brought to bear on the central post while removing the fotor there i a risk of breaking one or both jewel holes, 30 ft the Fotor stright up. Its not necessary to remove the rotor xing bolt during cleaning, but it is advisable to snap ft back into is orginal position to mintnse the risk ofthe spring jumping ot Replace the winding shaft and let the mainepring down by holding back the elk, which has a slot cut init upper pivot, F (Fig. 108 Now remove the three serews, C, D, and £ (Fig. 10), ad lit ff the Plate, which is the top plate of the automatic work. This wll expose the mechanism as shown in Fig. The action is a8 follows: The steel whee! fixed to the rotor gears into the small steel wheel which is riveted tothe rocking arm, A (Fig. 1), and as the rotor moves, say, to the lef it gears into ihe see wheel Band if to the right, into the steel wheel ©. so that at the ‘oto folate cither to the left of right the wheel C rotates in clock wise ditection, “The whee! C has riveted to ita pinion Which pats into the wheel D and'ths last wheel has a raichet device ited a 2 Binion which gears into the main ratchet wheel ofthe match mover ‘ment. If the watch is wound by the winding button the ratchet attached to the pinion of the wheel D rotates backwards #0 thatthe {tain of the automatic mechanism isnot reverse ‘The click £ (Fig. 11) holds the mainspring vp during even a small ‘ovement of the rotor until sufciet movement has been obtained for the click ofthe main ratchet wheel to takeover. Furthermore, the slick E prevents the tran from reversing while the stengih of the click spring in the wheel D has been overcome during the prosess of ‘of winding by the button. Except forthe wheel fied tothe rotor, the whale ofthe automatic work an be taken to pieces for purposes of cleaning. Ifthe rotor needhad- Justment because there is too meh fredom and risk oft touching ‘ther the inside of the back ofthe ease or the Yop pate of the mover ‘ent or there sac of freedom, thus endangering the winding, ican Be corrected by lowering the top ewel hole ofthe rotor tacorect the former Sault and by raising it to correct the latter In either instance it wil Ge ‘necessary to push the hole out and reset othe required eight Cut a piece of pegwood so that it fis nto the lower hole faily tiphly, then eut the end square o that it wil pres onthe under ide ofthe top jewel hole. Hold the rotor onthe pad of the thumb ofthe left hand and with the pegwood inthe right hand slowly and fezly push the top hole out. "To reat, use the friction jewel ting tool ractcal Watch Repairing” p. 282), Having cleaned the whole of the movement, reassemble and oil indicated in the chart (Fg. 13) Fioaly apply the tests for freedom of rotor at explained on page 5. ’Sree? Gan ea a eee nao BovIMaTIC ‘A pin pallet automatic watch is made by Baumgartner Freres S.A. Grenchen Switzerland. Known as the Bovimatic B-F9 Cal. 92 (Fp. 1), thas avery simple and cleverly esi The tot ‘olaes through a segment ofa cree and winds in both directions ‘The action is as follows : Fited to the underside of the rotor is a pin (Fig 13), which contacts the plate Bon to which i fitted a cick ‘engaging a ratchet wheel. Another click, C, attached tthe movement also engages into the same ratchet whecl, D. As the rotor revolves to the right the pin inthe rotor contact the plate at in Fig 14 and ses it round. The cick carried on the plate causes the ratchet ‘wheel fo rotate. Fited to the ratchet whee i @ pinion which gears irect into the main ratchet wheel ofthe watch, The cick Sted on © (deve) Fi, Me—The et {0 the movement holds the mainspring up in position and also acts asthe mainspring cick. The advantage ofthis that the teeth ofthe Ialchetshaped tooth whee! are fine and in this simple manner the fallest advantage is taken of all movement ofthe rotor. “The spring B (Fig. 14), fted to the plate, causes it to fy back to its normal postion So that the cick Sted to the plate ides over the teeth "[As the rotor revolves tothe lft, the end of the rotor itself contacts the plate at (Fig. 14) and causes it to rotate so thut the click again Duthes the ratchet wheel round inthe same diection, and the cick ‘on the movement resins the number of teth the gathering click has ithered vp. ‘A strong and simple buffer spring stop E (Fig. 13) controls the movement ofthe rotor. ‘The rotor requires a fairly violent shock to fause it to operate, but under test in wear it has proved quite sats factory. Owing tothe necessity ofthis shock to wind, the normal tests 5 noted on page $ issue cannot here be applied, BULOVA ‘The Bulova movements are made by the Bulova Watch Co. of ‘America. ‘There are three models; 10 BPAC and 10 BOAC both ‘uth 23 jewels are made in the American factory of Bulova, and 30 CBAC with 17 jewels is made in their Swis factory. All three models function exactly similarly and the pars are slmost completely ‘terchangeable ‘The rotor traveres 360° and winds in both directions. Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the automatic winding mechanism and the ‘nique feature isthe two crown and casle-ike wheels or alternating clutch pions. tine Ina Alerting Ger metal ats ‘ Tose! rg) Intermediate Wendng Wher Sed ding he! le, 15—Scheme of the Bulova tena vind rgemet 2 (COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THER REPADL To daa, renoe the pt, howa in Fi. 16 a8 it the ctor p tod emmy ftom te move Then remote ep see if ig 1h Remove de a tnd tice pings PE 18 bri rove om the staat wets Sis alssow be the pt under th bride, Fig. 19. The movement can ‘Sn spars inte Corenonl mtn ang cane ‘To reauenble usmble the movement up tthe automate work and then proced in revere onder to hat pen above, Tae ig smple"andsosghonwac ‘The oiling, a¢ resom- mended by Bulova, is 25 indicate by the arrows i Figs 16, 17 and 18. 1, lock oi; 2, grease, such The an ton sre 1 ™. co ELGIN “The Elgin automatic is made by Elgin National Watch Co., Elgin, Minois, U.S.A “The action of this automatic winding (Fig. 20) is extremely simple ‘The rotor moves through a segment of ciel, and bufer springs are Bia toma employed. Attached to the rotor ia segment ofa gear which eogages ‘other gear segment cut on the end of a rocking arm. Fited to this rocking arm is a steel ratchet wheel with a Pion (ted 10 ie ‘The pinion gears directly with the transmission whee! ofthe Keres ‘mechanism ; a click and spring sited tothe rocking arm and ancl ‘snd similar‘clck and spring is fitted to the fixed bridge of the ae ‘ind work.” As the rotor oscillates from side to side the rocking troy {s caused to move from side to side also and, by virtue ofthe chek fited tothe arm, the ratchet whee is made to rotate in one directions ‘The other small cick holds the ratshet in positon ntl the Chek of ‘he main ratchet wheel takes over To diamante: Fist remove the two buffer springs, 4 and B (Fig. 20), then the two screws C and D, holding the brdge of he sutonars WOtKE. The whole of the automatic mechanism cam then be lined ot Place the automatic work fat on the Bench uptide down and remove the screw 4 (Fig. 21). The socking arm B can then be tenoved aod alto the click C. Its not necessary to remove the gear segment frou, {he rotor. | Remove the thre serews of the pte Belding the ratchet Wheel on the rocking arm and remove the dick, ‘After cleaning, reassemble in the following manner: First, the rocking arm—apply a litle watch oil to the seating of the voich ‘heel and alto tothe seating on the plate, then replace the thee screws, Tis of vital importance that this wheel be perfectly free, Replace the lick ‘apply watch oil to "the Shoulder of the hk screw, then Bt the click spring. With the bridge &, upside down on the bench, place the rotor and the rocking arm in position so. that the end tooth of the rocking arm ack engages in the end space of the rotor rack,as D._ See that the click fited to the bridge E engages with he ratchet ‘wheel; then screw this bridge E into postion. OM the lower pivot of the rotor eparingly with watch oll and aso oll the lower pivot hole of the rocking aim, Fit the winding stem into the movement. Hold the ‘whole of the automatic atserably firmly with the tweezers and place In postion on the barel bridge. If the pinion ofthe rocking arm does not gear immediately with the transmistion wheel of the keyless work, just turn the winding button lightly to bring the tanamission wheel nto its correct poston. Finally, replace the two serews to hold the auto-wind mechanism in postion, Oil the upper rotor pivot sparingly with watch ol. The rotor should have no end-shake between its Jewel oles, But it must, be perfec free. ‘Apply the tests as noted on pag 5. ETAROTOR (Ebauchss, S.A.) “The next movement is one of which the ébauche is made by Eia S.A. of Grenchen, Switzeland. Figs. 22and 23 show two views ofthe movement one with the dal removed. The name given by the ebauche tnakeris Elarotor. "The size ofthe movement is 14" = 25.6 mm. and {he calibre number ie 1256. The rotor traverses 360° and it winds ‘The movement ig removed from ite case by frst unscrewing the three serems, 4. and Cand removing the automatic device Fi. wil relcae the whole of the automatie mechanism. Then remove the nding button and shaft and finally unscrew the two screws, Dand E (i. 25) half turn and the movement can be taken from the ease. 6 ‘The automatic work operates in the folowing the rotor isa sel wheel 4 (Fp. 2) whch ear int two tbe seat hess and. Wheel Cis the scored ne coe ee Stel whels with plate between them; they ae teed tos ois so that the wo Wels are free bat the plate is fixed the pine ton, Oncach ds of ie pine ist Sale stig with one end furned "ap to Intercept the aims of the whels and form Tsysem of eich work The wheel fon the rotor Feist one of Remon te see ace nice m A Socata 8 Ba Cre An alge other wheel, Fixed to his astmestoned whee, ranothr whees Dwi el bar btnen teased hc eee eng en ane way or the other isto case the plate withthe clicky bine the two whet (the reverse) fo rotate hn one ditesion only, Seauee iy 25—The cv Sing serene ofthe Pa, 26-—Dirmening Blower merenent ae downer ance. 2S itty he cuuamaie 1”when one whee i free-wheeling the others driving and upon reversing, the direction of the rotor the other whee is driving and the first wheel is free-wheeling. weaabgaet fhe to the click plate gears ‘The pinion of the reverser wheel attached to the cick pl into the wheel E, which ia turn gears into another wheel and pinion, F, which gears into the transmission wheel, G, ofthe ordinary keyless Work, and so winds the mainspring. Daring repair the reverser whee ie not taken to piees and neither sre the two wheels B and D riveted to the bar ‘To take the automate work to pieces, unserew the screw F (Fig. 26) hich wil release the rotor, and then the setews Gand 1, Lift off the bridge over the reduction gears, winding pawl and the revere ‘The rest of the movement is then taken to pieces and cleaned as ek: plained in " Practcal Watch Repairing.” ‘The automatic work is ‘leaned ina simlar manner Having fully assembled the movement and ciled all the pivot holes {nthe top plat, ithe movement Into the eae and proceed to assemble the automatic work. ‘Place the automatic plate on the bench and sssemble the wheels Its not necessary to ol the plate between the Feverser wheels or the cick work ; it is essential to lave this perfectly dy. Give both sides several hard puffs with the bellows to ensure ‘redom from dust. See cling chart (Fig. 27) for particulars of oiling and then reassemble the automatic work on (othe movement. If the rotor, through wear, has too much up-and-down shake, it ‘an be reduced inthe following manner Redice the length of the ore H (Fig. 27) with a cutter made by whetting the end of an old round file toa pyramid shape a an angle of 0". "Cut very hile away at fst and try the rotor in postion. It the rotor ito tight, adjust the core by rising ita trifle; place the pate withthe core ove a Role fina stake and with « smal, Aatfaced punch a lite smaler than the outside diameter ofthe core, ‘The fiting of the rotor is rather critical; if itis loose it sable to rub onthe inde ofthe back ofthe eae, which eould caus incorrect ‘operation. ‘On the other bund, iit ie too Ught it may not operate at alo, if it does move when the watch it worn, it may not move sufficiently to enable the automatic mechanism to wind the ma spring up fully. Ts worth spending some time to easure that Ue rotor is accurately fee Finally apply the tests for freedom of rotor a explained on page 5. HELVETIA 837 ‘The Helvetia $37, made by Helvetia Watches, Lid, Binne, Swierland, has an 114" movement with centre seconds had or with ‘offset seconds hand. (See Fig. 28). The rotor revolves through an ‘of 360° and winds the mainspring in one direction only. The action is as follows : fied tothe rotor isa steel pinion which fears iato a stel wheel controlled by a pivoted click, that this ‘wheel can rotate in one direction oaly. "The underside of this wheel 9bbs ratchet teeth cu into it and it its Feely on the arbor of another sleet wheel, which also has teth cut into its upper rurface, similar te the frst wheel mentioned. The two wheels ate kept in contact by 1 spring. The action i similar to that ofthe crown and cate wheels of the conventional Leyles mechanim which i known asthe Breguet ftchet work. The upper wheel therefore drives the lower whe in one direction, which in turn gears into another steel whee! with Pinion attached, and ii the pinion of the last wheel which gears into {ratchet wheel through 3 elick, driving the ratchet whee of the mane ‘Speing and so winding it up ‘When itis required to wind the mainspring manually, two small, wheels, which conse the transaision, come into action. One it pivoted to's small rocking bar, and at the winding buton is turned Aoticlockwise this wheel is trown into the lower ratchet wheel, which 's the main ratchet wheel and winds the mainsprig. Thue during ‘manual windig, the automatic mechani ie not connected atl, {td it is necessary to turn the winding button in the reverse diection to the conventional forward direction to wind the mainspring- To dismantle: withdraw the bolt as indicated by the arrow, and the rotor can be shaken off while holding the bolt back and turning the movement to one side. Hold back the cheek click A (Fig. 29) 40 as to release the automatic tain and for the main ratzhet cick to take the power ofthe mainspring. “Remove the two serews B and ‘Cand ift ofthe bridge D, the spring E, the cick A and also the wheels Fand G. "The wheel Fis the double ratchet wheel alteady mentioned, ‘Then remove the serews 11 and J and the bridge J. Remove the wheel 2» (COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THR REPAR ‘and the barrel arbor Zand the top ratchet wheel with its click and ‘spring, then the ratchet whee] M and foaly the whee N, and the Barrel will side out from the movement, Pig 29 —The Hebets etomate mecorim, Hiaving cleaned the movement and astembled up to the escape- ment, but not the barrel, start to reassemble the automatic work, Slide the barrel into position withthe sel whee, then place the ratchet Whee! on to the barrel arbor square with the dot marked on it uppet= most. Place the ratchet wheel withthe click and spring attached over ‘the wheel Mf. First oll with clock oll the click andthe spring where it impinges on the click. Now place in postion the loose barrel arbor, cling is bearings fst. Oil with wate oil the lower hole of the whee! X and place this wheel in postion. Replace and screw up the bridge J." Oil wth watch oll he lower hole ofthe wheel F and G, and apply ciock cil to the ratchet teeth between the two wheels of F lace this wheel and the whee! Gin potion, and alto the click 4 and then the spring E. See that the turn-up end is uppermost and ia osiion so hatte wrap en wil eter inf the hole 0. Aply a tle watch oil under the sping first. "The bolt and its spring can be placed into postion later a[Now replace the bridge P. Unscrew the screw Cand lift up the end ‘of the bridge P to allow the spring and bot to be slipped under and into poston, and then sew down the bridge. “Apply clock ol tothe post 0, and also to the groove above the wheel Gxed to the rotor.” Hold the bolt back as indicated by the frrow, place the rotor into poston and release the bolt. Oil with Watch cil the top pivots of the automatic ain, Apply the tests as noted on page 5. INTERNATIONAL The rotor of the International automatic movement, made by the Interational Watch Company, Schaffhausen, Switzerland, revolves the complete circle and winds in both directions, Fig. 30. Pig 30 Ph Ioana aoa ‘The action is a6 fellows : Fed to the rotor isthe heart piece 4, Fig. 31, and asthe rotor rotates, it moves the rocking arm B, whichis pivoted at C, through the two rollers D and £. The rocking arm Consists of two plates and the rollers and che two clicks F and. are pivoted between the plates. As the rotor moves to the ight the heart: piece in turn moves the tlle: upwards, andthe click @ idles over the ratchet teeth ofthe wheel H. At the same time the click F draws the wheel H round to the left. Conversely, a the rotor moves to the Jef, it moves the rocking arm downwards and the eck F then idles tnd the click G draws the whee tothe left. Fined tothe wheel Ji'e pinion which gears into the transmission wheel of the watch ‘ovement and #0 winds the mainepring 2 tina simple and most ingenious system, well constructed and beaut fully Bribes. Be foto i pivoted om fo the pst wich i fied tothe sebtantil shockeabsorbing spring XK. ‘The mlnspring ik the tipping varity, employing the system as ustrated in igs 4 to. ‘To dismantle, fist remove the rotor. To do this, untrew the serew in the centre hala turn and pull back the amall bol-pice. “The rotor can then be ied of. The tension of the mainsprng held by the clicks is relieved by reaing the click 4 (Fig. 32) back until i it looked in the notch B Of the cick C: “This movement diengages the click C from the whee ‘D. ‘The full power of the mainspring is then let down in the con Fle S210 tem of king the les ding mating aventional manner by holding the winding button and withdrawing the click from the main ratchet wheel. This system ia useful when fitting a new maispring. It is then only necessary fo remove the rotor and its support (Fig. 3) ‘To proceed withthe dismanting, remove the two screws holding ‘the automatic mechanism bridge. ‘The ratehettoothed wheel and the rocking arm caa then be removed. Next, remove the rotor suppor. ‘The rocking arm assembly is dismantled by removing the screw holding the upper pate. Tt is not necessary to remove the hearipice from the rotor. Clean the movement and astemble it up to the automatic work Having cleaned the pars of the automatic work, asemble # follows Revasemble the rocking arm and oll the bearings of the roles and the clicks and alto the points where the spring of the clicks contacts the clicks with very litle clock oil before replacing the upper plate Apply clock ol to the lower pivot holes ofthe ratchet-loothed wheel tnd the rocking arm. Replace the rotor post spring. APD clock cil very sparingly tothe levers of the ratcbetoothed whee! and then lice this whee! andthe rocking arm assembly ia poston, and finally ”* (COMPLICATED WATCH AND THIRR REPADR sew on the automatic mechanism bridge. Oil the top pivots of the ‘cheltoothed wheel and the rockiog arm. With clock of, oll the Pott for the rotor and serew the rotor buck into position. “Apply ‘ery litle clock oll to the nose of both clicks operating on the ratchet” toothed wheel and just emear o the edge of the heat-pcce of the rotor. The oiling chart is shown in Fig. 34. Now apply the txts 18 noted on page 5. i 10 og chat Mow i Wash St th 20, arrow 2-Click os LECOULTRE LeCoultre, of Le Senter, Switzerland, make thre models of auto- amatic-winding watches: Calibres 497, 476, and 48]. Cal, 481 and 496 employ similar automatic mechanism. Cal. 497 is the latest ‘model and the one described, ‘The movement of Cal. 497 is « departure from the conveational ‘sutomatic-vinding waich inasmuch os the rotor is atesed. Whee the mainspring is fully wound and the slipping mainapring device is not necessary. No provision i made to wind the watch anally + 5fem shakes of the watch are sufficient to stat the balance vibrating St 8 good amplitude; since the mainspring is setup before winding ‘tart, i is virtually Sted with stop work. Its interesting to note ‘that his system is, fundamentally, the same as that employed by Recordon, who was granted a patent in 1780 in England, “The rotor operates through a segment ofa circle and winds in both rections. The buffer springs are showa in Fig. 38, No. 27. ‘The moverent is 12°” and a 12" escapement is employed. The scion it as follows: Screwed to the underside of the rotor isthe ‘plate 4 (Fig. 38), which has fixed toi the steel whee! 3. This whee, With another whee! of similar size is pivoted on to a small rocking frm, and, es the rotor moves backward and forward, one or other ofthese two wheels is made o gear into the wheel C, which has ratchet- haped tecth. As wheel C i made to rotate tis held up by the lick And pring combined D. Its this click which holds up the mainspring ; tere ir no click work associated with the main ratchet wheel Fined to the wheel Cis a pinion gearing into the transmission wheel, which in turn, through a pinion, gents nto the ratchet whee to wind the mainapring ‘The bare arbor has a long left-hand thread, on to which i screwed 1 dic. “Two long-headed screws are screwed foto the becrel cover tnd the disc, which has hole dried into it, and is able to ive a % COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THER REPAIR the barrel arbor is tumed during winding and to fall es the barrel, Fotates, because the two serews already mentioned will use the dsc Pig 36 Par and onder of ate fhe Loui tomate, Attached to the lever E (Fig. 66) is cone-shaped stud, and this sud is made to bear upon the pevphery of the stel die + therefore, 838 the disc rises it pushes the lever to one side, and when the disc bas feached its highest postion, Le. when the maingpring i fully wound, ‘the pin on the lever E will contact the hook (Fig. 38) ‘This spring hook is ied tothe under plate of the rotor, and there- fore the rotor i arrested. As the dsc se lowered by the running of the wateh, so the pin dsengages the hook and the rotor is then fee {to rotate—an ingenious cevice which isin principle the same a8 that employed inthe earliest automaticominding watches altesdy mentioned Upand-Down Work ‘The rack © (Fig. 3) is controlled by the lever E, and this gears {nto the pinion 1 which is Sted with a pipe on to which the upd. dowa baad is ited Pee = aLCOMPLICATID WATCH AND THE REPAIR ‘This watch seoms a litle more complicated than some automatic ‘watches, but ti i fact, quite simple. Care is needed in dimantling ind assembling, Fig. 35 10 39. "The sole purpose of this whee so letdown the main- ‘pring. "There is no winding shat Place the propery-shaped blade of a screndrver in the slot and ‘arefily and firmly turn clockwise, atthe same time holding back the lick, through the hole B (Fig. 38). Thea slowly let the serewariver revolve to let down the spring (4 urns of the screw — turn of the barrel arbor). NIB. The screw 4 and the thread ofthe barel arbor for the dae are left hand. ie 31—teCaure oma prs hon for xem ad in. ‘The numbers (aot those in cices) given in Fgh. 35 to 39 indicate the order of assembly, therefore, to dismantle, sar the last ut 33, The two screws marked £1 and £2 (Fi * 38) are eccentric screws ‘nd should not be touched. They are used for the adjustment of the ‘prand-down work and forthe correct position forthe arresting hook ofthe rotor Having taken the movement to pices, next deal with the barrel, Holding the tarel arbor by its square, in the pin tongs, wind wp the raingpring a fraction of a turn and bold the bartels then remove {he two screws holding the disc and unscrew the dse—let band thread, ‘The barrel, et, is cleaned inthe conventional manner. Pe starr of "ht le wr At ans nackte To assemble the barrel, hold the arbor in the pin tongs at before ‘and wind the mainspring up to 1 to Tf tums, serew the dic hard on to the arbor, and replace the two screws (Fig 40), The mainspring fs thus vet up. Having cleaned the movement and assembled up 10 ‘umber 18 (Fig. 36), proceed to assemble the automatic work at Figs. 37 to 39. Oiling points other than pivote are noted in the Austeations by numbers i citles. Oil with moderation. The pivots ae oiled inthe conventional manner with wateh ol 2Having assembled the movement, the adjatments to observe are ‘With the mainspring run down (to the limit of the stop work) sc thatthe up-and-down rack is inthe postion shown in le (Fig, 38), jc just resting on the eccentric tcren-head, allowing the pinion for the upand-down hand to be placed in position. Nett wind the ‘mainspring up three torn (12 turns ofthe screw 4, Fig. 39) and the hhook of the rotor should be as 2a (Fig. 8) with relation to the pin, it should just pass the pin. Wind the srew A (Fig. 39) four more turns (1 turn of the barrel arbor) and the hook should ‘engage the pin asthe fgure under 2a (Fig. 38). Make sre the hold {secure so that a sudden shock will ot release the rote. Fi 2. LeCouine automate shoring the hand sing mechani, the sre te ‘ein he mani (Ahad Ce “The up-and-down hand is placed in the zero potition when the imainspring is down, ‘The hands are set by sliding the button on the back of the case to ‘one side towards the centre ofthe cate to tet the hands and towards the edge of the case for the neutral position, When thie button i ‘moved to the hands set position the lever into which the head of wheel fits is moved to stop the balance. ‘The whee! C (Fi. 39) is fo the purpose of set ‘Apply the tests ax noted on page 5 » the hands, (COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THER REPAIR LEMANIA, ‘Made by Lemania Lugrn, S.A. Orient, Switzerland, the Lemasia ‘movement i 12 ligne in ae.” The calibre number 3,600, "The rotor ‘oncilates 360°, winding in one direction only. Fig. 41 shows the ‘ovement. brass wheel 4 (Fig. 42), which incontolied by a wire cick BS ths whee ‘hana pinion attached to it which in turn gears into another wheel. ‘The wheel C hata pio tached tot which gears into the Upper of atwo ratchet whecls of exactly the same size D. Both the upper and lower ratchet wheels have round heles. "The top surface of the lower whee! has notches cu ito it and the upper ratchet wheel hae similar ‘otches cut into its undersurface. The double thce-pronged spring 2 (Fig 43) is aquared on tothe barrel arbor and operates between the ratchet whede, [As the top ratchet whee rotates through the operation of the rotor, the notches in the underside of the ratchet contact the three-pronged spring and cause the mainspring t9 wind and the wire click B to act ab aratchet click, unt the click ofthe main ratchet wheel takes over. When the watch i wound by hand the lower ratchet is made to rotate in the conventional manner and the notches in that whee! contact the three-pronged spring and so the rainspring is wound without iter fering with the automatic mechanism. To dismantle the automatic work, remove the screw a (Fig. 4), and withdraw the stel plate B ‘The rotor can then be lifed up ofthe centre post and away from the movement. Nex, let the mainspring down by holding back the wire click B (Fig. 42)" The main click of the mainypring ratchet wheel then olds the mainspring up and this can be let down i the urval manner, Remove the bridge F, and then the two whecl, Remove the ratchet wheel screw and liftoff the top ratchet whee, the three: pronged spring and then the lower ratchet wheel ‘When re-astembling particular attention must be given to the freedom ofthe two ratchet wheel, and saty youre thatthe thre Dronged spring is operating correctly in the rectangular sinks or Fotches without excesive tension. For correct oiling refer to oil ctact Fig, 42). Apply the tests noted on page 5. This movement 4 of sturdy construcion and the design is most simple and highly ficient. 2 me tg aro —P ge Teg ees os ec ec LONGINES, ‘Made by the Longines Watch Co, St. Imier, Switzerland, and known ascalibre 22A, the rotor of the Longines auiomatic revolves through 360" and winds both ways. First remove the movement from its cate by releasing the winding ‘tion and shat thea loosen the two trews holding the movement it ‘is case. Unscrew the screw A (Fig. 4), and withdraw the fork piece Hold bock slightly the rocking arm C (Fig. 45) and it the rotor straight ‘up and off is pout. The automatic work operates as follows fed tothe rotor is ahear shaped pce; a sel rll is ted to the rocking frm by a shouldered screw, whichis held towards the heart pece BY 31 spring to that as the roto revolves in either direction the rock frm, pivoted at A (Fig. 48) is made to swing in and out. Fle Lorene movement ‘Acer renting rotor. B.C serene rag 1p ble of atric werk “The undenide ofthe rocking arm (Fig. 4S) has fited to it the steel, ‘wheel and pinion B gearing into the larger whecl i the small sesh ‘wheel which is located fn'an oval ole ; the whee! is shoulder screed (on to disc and this cariage is kept in contact with the ste! plate D ‘by spring. “The steel pate D has a milled edge Di, and asthe small wheel rotates in an anticlockwise direction it pases the milled edge (Gisengaging), but when reversed the teeth of the milled edge lock it 40 that this whee! and consequently the larger whee can folate ia one Sirection only; the milled edge and the smaller wheel act a5 « ne lick, The large wheel also gears into the steel wheel E, which i COMPLICATED WATCH AND OER REPAIR located in an oval hole and is controlled by a steel plate with a milled ge, sila to the plate D. "As the large wheel rotates in clockwive Aiection both the small wheels rotate anti-elockwite and are free 10 ‘ss the miled edge, but are locked when revereed; we shall see th ‘object of this presently. ‘The pinion F gears dtect into the mal Iaichet whee, "As the rotor rotates backwards or forwards the wheel 2 is made always to advance by virtue of the lacked wheel C. ‘The wheel E acts at a fine click, so that advantage it taken of the slightest movement ofthe rotor and this wheel holds up the maloapring ‘unl the ratchet click takes over, To resume taking the automatic wotk to pices: having removed the roto spring 4 (Fig. 4), remove the three screws B, C, D, and take ‘off the top plate of the automatic work. Now remove the rocking farm and unscrew the steel roller and the two wheels. Unscrew the ‘bee from the underside ofthe plate. Tt it not necetary to Temove the two see plates with the mild edges, and in not necesary tO ismante the rotor.” It willbe noted thatthe weight of the rotor i held to the segment by studs and springs. ‘The object of this that these springs take any violent shook and to prevent damage to the cate pivoting. The springs ate 30 designed that they act shook Sbrorbers both ia {he horizontal and vertcaldiections. Having cleaned the movement and the ‘isomatie work, re ‘tuemble the auto-Meat. Longines give special instructions about oiling. They recommend Chrooax H for the light olling aad HHH forthe heavy Greane the interior of the muinspring barrel with graphite before ‘winding inthe mainspring. “This enables the sipping hook to slide ‘ound without jerking. Before assembling the barrel into the movement check the maioepring ection (ee page 6). Refer tothe cling chart forthe correct method of oiing (Fi. 46) [tis exsential that all moving parts of the automatic work should be perfectly fre. “Apply the test for freedom of rotor as mentioned fon page 5. This moverneot i well designed and beautifully fished MovADO ‘The Movado Factors, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, make ‘wo automatic models, both ofthe same size, but working on diferent Principles. Each is fitted with a rotor making & par revolution and ‘banking upon bufer springs and they each wind in one direction ony Dealing with Calibre 331 fst, in Fig. 47, the rotor consists of a steel pate cut to form a sping. IT the watch receives & shock either orizontlly or vertically, the spring part of the rotor arm gives 50 ‘hat the centre pivots of the rotor working in jeweled holes are relieved ‘of shock. Riveted tothe outer edge of the rotor it « band of henry metal. Fired tothe arbor of the rotor ia tte pinion which engages ‘with the teeth cut into the end of a brass rocking arm, Mounted on {0 the rocking arm isa ste! fineoothed ratchet wheel with, pinion stached and this pinion gears into the tcanamission wheel of he keyless yes Fited onto the rocking arm i click and spring and a similar click ‘nd spring is ited tothe top plate of the movement. "As the rotor cults, the click on the rocking arm gathers up the teeth of the fine-toothed ratchet wheel and the click fed tothe top plate retains ‘the wheel in position until the cick of the main ratchet wheel takes ‘over. The action is quite simple and. well designed ‘To diamante, frst turn the winding sha litle and draw beck ‘he retaining click 4, Fig 7,50 thatthe automatic work is fee of the ‘power ofthe maingpting. Then remove the thie stews B, C:D, and lif of the bridge E. The rotor can now be removed, alto the rocking farm and the reining cick. Remove the three sciews holding the fine-toothed ratchet ia position and also the gathering click. 36 Soar After cleaniog in the conventional manner the whole movement, including the automatic work, and having reassembled the movemeat, Droceed to assemble the automatic mechanism, Movado recommend raphite. Oil the seating of te fine-toothed ratchet whee! with clock oil and replace the tree secews. “Fit the gathering click and also the retaining cick into pos tion end apply a lite clock ol o thei bearings, Oil the lower pivot hols of the rocking arm and the rotor with clock ll. Place the rotor im postion and then the rocking arm. Arrange a0 that when the roto is midway between the buffer springs the pinion leaves engage ia the teeth inthe centre ofthe rack of the rocking arm. This is important, 1 ensure thatthe leaves of the pinion in the rotor engage the rocking ‘tm teeth during 4 complete swing ofthe rotor. Oilthe upper pivots ofthe rocking arm and the rotor with clock oll ‘Apply lock oll sparingly to the teeth ofthe fine-toothed ratchet wheel fand work the rotor to and fro so thatthe ol is picked up bythe noses of the gathering and retaining clicks.” Finally, apply the tests as ‘coumerated on page 5, ‘The other movement is Calibre 221, a80 known a8 Movado Tem- Pomatic, Fig. 48. The rotor is of similar design to Calibre 331, but Without the apr device. Fitted to the rotor is «gathering click and fring, 4, Fig. 48. Pivoted under the plate B ace four steel wheels wwth a retaining cick engaging into the second whee. 37‘The fourth and last wheel has Gxed to ita pinion which gears into ‘the wheel fited tothe barrel arbor above the main ratchet wheel. The ‘main ratchet wheel is squared on to the barrel arbor in the normal ‘manner, and onthe top of the wheel isa small steel wheel with ratchet ‘haped eth. “The top wheel C, Fig. 48, has fited to is underside ‘click and spring. Ithas round hole and fe on tothe top pivot of the barrel arbor.” This whee! i eld in potion bya washer and screw. Re M—The Morale Tiogamane Siive 2, ‘The action is as follows: As the rotor oscillates backwards and forwards the click, Fig 8, gathers up the wheel D whieh transits {o the next whee; this lastmentioned wheels conirlled by tetas ing click and spring holding up the automatic tain en the eck of the main ratchet wheel takes over. The pinion of the last whee! ‘atses the wheel Co rotate and through its click the ratchet whee) is made to rotate and s0 the mainepring is wound. Af the watch is wound manually, the main ratchet whee is made to folate and the cick fited to the whee! C idles over the teth ofits Es tomatic work is not interfered itis simple, clever, and weltdeigned movement. “The cling instructions recommended by Movado are similar to thowe given for Calibre 331. The click between the two ralchet wheels is oiled ith clock ol and alto the surface of the upper whee! where it contacts ‘the small ratchet wheel. Apply lite elock oil to the undersurface of the washer. Finally apply the test as noted on page 5. OMEGA fade by Omega Watch Co, Bienne, Switzerland, the Omega auto- tatic has a basic reference number of 342, Fig. 49. Other numbers ‘may be found in some models end these additional numbers refer to alterations or modifications (height of ands, et), where they difer from standard. Fi ©The Omg tomatic. ‘The rotor osilates through a segment ofa circle and bumper springs tare employed. The winding operations as the rotor moves in one direction only. The automatic winding functions in the following manner: Fined to the rotor isa tel plate with pivoted arbor. "On the end of this plate are cut seven teeth which engage with the teeth ‘ut on the end of the rocking arm. Fitted to the rocking arm and {ree o rotate isa ratchet wheel and with thie two clicks engage, Ove ‘ited to the rocking arm and the othet tothe top plate of the watch, ‘movement. Fixed to the ratchet whee i « pion which gery into ‘the transmission wheel of the Keylest work, As the rotor swings »(COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THER REPAIR Dbeckwards and forwards, the arm rocks from side to se and the slik attached tot gathers up the teeth ofthe ratchet to move it forward, ‘The cick fited to the top plate of the movernent holds the ratchet ‘whee ia postion until the main ratchet wheel ofthe mainepring takes ‘over. The design is vey simple and sturdy and the execution of & igh order. To dismante, frst release the click fitted to the rocking arm by inserting a fine point i the hole ofthe auto-vind bridge, where the pin fixed tothe click can be seen. Ifthe click is moved far enough back its spring will hold it there, fee of the fine-toothed ratchet" wheel. ‘While in ts sate lt the mainspring down inthe conventional manner, ss explained in "Practical Watch Repairing” The two screws, A And B, Fig 49 can now be removed. Liftoff the bridge ofthe attr matic wotk and then the rotor and the rocking arm. Remove the ‘lick from the rocking arm, and unscrew the finetoathed ratchet whee Remove the click from the top plate.” The automatic winding parts tre cleaned in the conventional manne, and before describing te- assembly here are a few observations about the mainspring by the Omega Watch Co. ‘The sipping device is as shown in Fig. 49. IF ti found necessary to remove the mainspring because of thick ol, ete, clean both the spring and attachment by draving them through a pice of rag, holding the spring between the points of tweezers, without cauring deforma Hon. "The spring thotld not be washed in any liquid. The sipping tachment cleaned in a similar manner, Before replacing the slipping attachment and maiespring pass them in the fold ofan oily ‘ag, holding the spring as before, s0 as to apply s thin flim of oll both sides of the spring and the attachment.” Use the special winder to insert the atachment and sping, a noted in the remark on page 7. ‘When the arbor and cover have been assembled check thatthe sping ‘an be wound at lest five turns before sipping occurs, Before barrels are pated in the factory they must give 54 tums before slipping. One should barely beable to fel the alipping oocut it the action ofthe attachment is correct. I the desired feult is nt ‘obtained, remove the mainspring and atachment, "Check the outer furface of the attachment for smoothaess. Ifnectasary, open ovt the Slipping attachment so that it will grip the inside of the barel harder. I theres any doubt about the attachment do not hesitate fo change and if sipping persists, thicker attachments are available, [Now to reassemble the aulomatic work : When all the parts have ‘been inspected and found to bein good condition and perfectly clean ‘they are lubricated. ‘The points lated below should be tiled with & «0 relatively thick oil (Mocbius No. 1 chronometer oi. Use an ex- ‘szedingy small quantity, just suicient to form a very thin fim =~ “The beavings of the two clicks, one on the rocking arm and the ater onthe top pate. "The ends that operate om the ate! teth tnd alo where the springs ear on to the cieks The teeth ofthe tanemision whee. The Ene teeth ofthe ratchet whee The txth fn the rocking am and also the teeth on the rotor ‘The Seaing Afuces of the fine footh ratchet wheel inthe Tocking arm. The Pivots of the rocking arm andthe rotor are old in the eowentonal Fanner. Watchmaters may hesitate to cil the txth of whey, bat this procedure is recommended by the Omepn Watch Co, and such vie could with advange be applied to other makes of watees with 2 similar sytem of automatic mechanism The bulfer springs should be wiped over with an ily that ther ene outer surface suiienly lubricated 1 mise the eect of rubbing. ‘Set that the two clicks ae perfectly free and tat they do not have sre ends fo eo a ey cone wih te nook ‘atchet sorely the le pringe engage in the formed in the ccks Sprngs cng is Os owes aCoMPLCATED WATCHES AND TH RAPA it the lower pivot hole of the rocking arm, place it in postion, then oil the lower pivot hole of the rotor. Arrange #0 thatthe Last tooth of the rotor segment engages in the Tast space of the rocking arm segmect, Fig 51. This is esecotial as it ensure thatthe rotor will {ravers its fall sre in both diretions [Replace the automatic brie and ol top pivots of rotor and rocking Fig. 52 shows the oiling chart. Check that duriog the complete ‘wave of the rotor three teeth of the ine-ooth ralchet are gathered ‘up by the click on the top plate ‘Apply the teste as noted on page S ee eee TRESS a5 amas nt et PATEK PHILIPPE The automatic watch made by Patek Philippe of Geneva, Switzer- land, is known as Calibre 12°" 300. The quality of the movement is super, the stetwork straight grained withedges broken and polihed. ‘The rotor revolves the full 360" and winds in both directions, In a ‘order thatthe rotor shall be ofthe corect weigh slid piece of 18 ot sold is used. ‘The ation is very simple and most ingenious aad there appears to be nothing to go wrong ts action is as follows (Fig 53) For convenience of description the rotor i traveling anticlockwise. Fixed to the rotor isthe whee! 4 which gears withthe wheel 8 This Wheel is pivoted at C. Secured tothe whe! B isthe balrace D and ‘till be noted that itis serewed on out of centre so that as the wheel ‘D cotacs the race is ecentrc. The cam E, pivoted at F hess forks like part which embraces the bllrace. "The cek G, with its spring, Fs pivoted on to the cam and engages with the ratchet wheel Hf Fined to the ratchet isthe pinion J whieh gare with the wheel J, and fixed to this whee isthe pinion K whic in tur gears wit the transmission ‘whee, and soto the main talchet whee squared on tothe barrel arbor, the wheel rotates in the direction of the arrow the wheel B will cause the ballrace to move the lever E upwards, This action will ause the click G to move the ratchet whee! H inthe direction of the arrow and so eventually to wind the mainspring. When the rotor travels in a clockwise direction the cam E willbe moved down andthe lik G will pass freely over the teeth ofthe ratchet whee, but the end ofthe eam E engages the cam M, pivoted at N, andthe cick O with it spring is pivoted on this cam. The movement causes the cam Mf {to move up and thus the ratchet wheel Wis impelled (orward, again ia 3 ditetion ofthe arrow. Patek Philippe recommend the following procedure when dismantling the movement “1. Move th rotor o one side as Ft. 54 and then remove the two scront d and Bo Wihdrew te tel icting piece C and sit ‘eu iheotor wbichean awe ited upend aay rom Be movement 7 Remove the eae rng 3. Remove the bridge Fig $8, and the two wheels B and C 4 Relewe the tension ofthe manepring by dengagiog the click D Fie 55 5. Remove the bide Fig. $5 andthe prs F, Gand {The movements then diamante in the convenGonal maaner ‘Special Note-To release the mansring i i preferable to remove steven Fig 38 fen Ths wl then engage the eck D Pig 33 ide mang itallowed to be kt down by ontoling e winding es mechanisms Reasembling, Before aemblg the automatic mechaism make sure the crown wheel, ratchet wheel and the transmistion are perfectly fhe. Toe face ofthe ratchet whel must be led “The automate work is then asembled in the sme manner asi wean ten lo pers but in te rveree sequence, aring wi he Thee Fig. 38 * a "The Rotor. Special enon —Make sure thatthe mack onthe rojo andthe mark J onthe whet ith te creat die face ech ‘ibe, anto eure tbe mucoa wining potential Alo ue hat ‘he rotor pert re. “ iting —Apply watch oi to all winding wheel pivots of the auto- smati winding mechanism = rotoe arbor Ks cick pivots Land M and very litle onthe teeth ofthe winding whesi C. Apply elock oll o the sscentri di F; to the fork lever and to the pont of the same lever Svhere it engages the lever 6. ‘Apply the tet as noted oo page 5. PIERCE ‘Toe movement made by Pre SA. Biene, Switedang, 8), (CAL: S61'AUT., and is an exception inasmch ap it hes no rotor Ie is wound by a reciprocating weight which trfounds the move: ment." Fig. 56 i 0 oneal vw of the movenest The acon ef the automatic mechanism i a follows laced to the Weiht (Fig: Si a rack with rtcettxth 8, Thisengngs fate whe Wit fe ratchet text C, and ed to sa pinion ‘When ths whl s moved forward bythe rack is Leptin postion ty the cle and spring D. The pion of state hel og into the whed nd piston "The pio ofthe wheel & pees ioe ‘oper ratchet wheel , which i squared tthe The der chet whee! bas ¢ ound hole and fs ely on ne bre arbor ‘This ratchet wheel i veced to accommodate the two sel wheels ss shown in Fig 38, Thepe wo sol whecs relly conse fo of ratchet work mhich is mon ingenious It operate as flowt “sationary. The wheel 1 (Fig 58) i squared on tothe bartel arbor. ‘The wheal 2 is fitted with one pivot only, which is located in the rela- tively large hoe in the ratchet whee. This enables the whee! to rock ‘backward and forward; therefore asthe top ratchet wheel is made to rotate the wheel I aio rotates and with it the wheel 2; but if the Dower of the autowinding were taken off and the wheel I to reverse, ‘tooth ofthe whee! 2 will bank on the side of the recess as showa In Fig, 59." It will be seen, therefore, that i he lower ratchet whee is made to rotate, a during manusi winding, the wheel 2 (Fig. 38) batting on the recess, wil cause the wheel | to rate and s0 wind ‘the mainspring; in thee circumstances, te eek engaging the wheel smoves and so holds up the mainspring. When autowinding, however, thie cick doer not actually move but sll holds up the maineping. ‘Theweightreciprocatesatright-angesto the pendant, ie. from Sto 12 [tis held In position and travels on the guide rods G and (Fig. 5. ‘The epral spring, embracing the guide rod H, facilitates the retura of the weigh, ready 10 be jerked in the forward direction to wind. “To dismantle: first place the spring of the rack click D (Fig. 57) to the other side of the banking serew this wll fee the rack of the ‘wheel st engages with, Remove the rack B by unscrewing the bridge, Jr then withdraw the rack, Nex le the power ofthe mainpring down jn the conventional manner ; unserew the thee screws KL, Mf, and the weight compete with the bridge, which forms the top plate of the aviomalie mechanism, can be lifted off and away from the movement. ‘The wheel with ratchet teeth and the next wheel can now be removed. Unsere the rachet wheel screw and remove both the upper and lower ‘COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THR REPAIR rage ES Seater eno e381 atc 2 aso sth oo as ice Pe Bi 3 To reauemble: afer cleaning the movement and havag uly ‘assembled up to the automatic work, ie convenient to place the a‘movement in its eae to assemble the automatic mechanism. Oit ‘th elock oll he pivot upon which the lower ratchet whee! fs place the wheel on the bare arbor square, then oil that part upon which {he emall wheel rests and place iin position, Now screw the top ‘chet into poston. Oil wth watch ol the lower holes of the wo Aulowind wheels and also the click, and place these parts into positon. Screw on the top plate with the weight. Inert the rack—apply a litle watch oil tothe teeth of the rack and grease with clock oil he ‘Bude rods where they contact the weigh, Le. at points N, 0, (Fig. 57), To check after assembling: hold the watch vertically with the ‘pendant on the le.” Lit the weight up witha pointed peg and observe {hat the rack should gather up five teth ; release the weight and it should drop tothe bottom. Reverse the watch so that the pendant in-at the right and, during the early stages of winding, the weight being lied” should wind as it falls. Eventually a9 the mainspring becomes wound the fling weight will ot wind by virtue ofits own weight alone, but will require a jerk. OW with watch oll the pivot Bole in the top plate. Finally, when winding manually, wind slowly, otherwise the rack teeth may be dimaged. REVUE ‘The Revue wateh is Themovementia13¥", swith 82 actual watch movement. Fig. 60 shows a general view the rotor operates ‘through a segment of tele with, Dumper Springs, the main- Spring being wound as the rotor roles in tither direction. oer ss Sind on eth eco (COMPLICATED WATCHES AND THOR REPAIR Te acon of te autos winding mecha isa alow tant ihe oar nae piten wth gah ese a frase to each te ts shh Sn png hes thon ave fe mht lated shes as cht eh Bin tad wo “Therefore an forsee Se Sekt fac pte wie! tn eer eek ace ced SCT reer te don of te ror ad fie Seneca he wil pete andthe oer ie ue up te whe oak thee fra denon Te pe of dwt eghet ‘helps no te ties hel he tek system is simple and of sound design. ™ ™ Fg 61h in sed pon, ‘To dismantle: the autowinding mechanism is removed before (aking the movement from its cae, "Unscrew the top plate Of the 6